In preparing maps showing the geographic distribution of North American
mammals we have found in the literature conflicting statements
concerning the subspecific identity of several rodents. Wherever
possible, we have examined the pertinent specimens. Results of our
examination are given below.
Our studies have been aided by a contract (NR 161-791) between the
Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and the University of
Kansas. Also, a grant from the Kansas University Endowment Association
has permitted field work that yielded some of the specimens used for
comparison. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the persons in charge of
the several collections of mammals that we have consulted in order to
satisfy ourselves concerning the subspecific status of specimens from
many localities.
~Marmota flaviventer luteola~ A. H. Howell
A. H. Howell (N. Amer. Fauna, 37:50, April 7, 1915) referred specimens
from Bridgers Pass, Wyoming, to _Marmota flaviventer dacota_, on the
basis of paler underparts because, according to the data of Howell (_op.
cit._), _M. f. dacota_ and _M. f. luteola_, the contiguous subspecies,
do not differ significantly in other ways. Casual comparison reveals to
us no additional differences between the two. We have examined the three
specimens available to Howell from Bridgers Pass (Nos. 18733/25527,
18734/25528, and 18735/25529 U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.) and find the tone
of the underparts to be darker (more nearly russet) than in typical
_luteola_. The tone, however, varies considerably, both individually and
geographically, in _luteola_ and it is possible to match almost exactly
the ventral coloration of the specimens from Bridgers Pass with that of
specimens from within the geographic range of _luteola_; Nos. 160509,
from Bear Creek, 8 miles west of Eagle Peak, Wyoming, 18875 and
18731/25535, from the Laramie Mts., Wyoming, and No. 203744 from Sulphur
Springs, Grand County, Colorado, all in the United States Biological
Surveys Collection, are examples to the point. Being influenced by the
geography of the region, we therefore consider the three specimens from
Bridgers Pass best referred to the subspecies _Marmota flaviventer
luteola_.
~Spermophilus variegatus grammurus~ (Say)
A. H. Howell (N. Amer. Fauna, 56:147, May 18, 1938) accorded _Citellus_
[= _Spermophilus_] _variegatus utah_ Merriam a geographic range that
included the Kaibab Plateau of Arizona. Durrant (Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 6:119, August 10, 1952) assigned to _S. v. grammurus_ a
geographic range that included southern Utah from the eastern to the
western border but in doing this did not mention the rock squirrel of
the Kaibab Plateau of Arizona that also might be expected to be
referable to _S. v. grammurus_. Howell (_loc. cit._) had two specimens
from the Kaibab Plateau. Of these we have examined the one from Big
Spring (161566 BS) and find that it lacks the darker (more tawny) head
and posterior back of _C. v. utah_ and agrees with _C. v. grammurus_. On
this basis we refer the rock squirrel of the Kaibab Plateau to the
subspecies _Spermophilus variegatus grammurus_ (Say).
~Tamias amoenus caurinus~ Merriam
This subspecies was named from the Olympic Peninsula of Washington. A.
H. Howell, in his "Revision of the American chipmunks" (N. Amer. Fauna,
52:77, and fig. 5, 1929) regarded the geographic range of _Eutamias_ [=
_Tamias_] _amoenus caurinus_ as the mountains of the Olympic Peninsula
and most of Mt. Rainier. The geographic range of the _amoenus_ chipmunk
on Mt. Rainier almost certainly is continuous with that of _T. a.
ludibundus_ in the Cascade Mountains of which Mt. Rainier is a
westward-projecting arm. There is no contact between the chipmunks of
Mt. Rainier and those of the Olympic Peninsula; those on the Peninsula
are geographically isolated from all others of the species and are
separated from those on Mt. Rainier by approximately eighty miles of
low-lying country, which is uninhabited by chipmunks of the species
_Tamias amoenus_. Therefore, Howell's (_loc. cit._) assignment of most
of the chipmunks on Mt. Rainier to _caurinus_ is open to question and
Dalquest, in the "Mammals of Washington" (Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat.
Hist., vol. 2, 1948) evidently thought that Howell had incorrectly
identified them. On page 256 Dalquest (_op. cit._) defined the
geographic range of _T. a. caurinus_ as restricted to the Olympic
Peninsula and showed (fig. 81) Mt. Rainier to be in the geographic range
of _T. a. ludibundus_. We would accept Dalquest's (_op. cit._)
arrangement without question and also would follow it because it is the
more recent one were it not for the fact that Dalquest gives no reason
for his changes. To allow us to decide the matter we have compared the
pertinent materials ourselves. Catalogue numbers below are of the United
States National Museum, Biological Surveys Collection, and each specimen
mentioned by catalogue number is an adult female which shows much wear
on the fourth upper premolar.
Of _T. a. caurinus_, Nos. 241902 and 241903 are from 2 mi. SW of Mount
Angeles; No. 241911 is from "near" head of Dosewallips River, 6000 ft.,
and No. 241915 is from Canyon Creek, 3 mi. S Soleduc River, 3550 ft. Of
_T. a. ludibundus_, Nos. 234776 and 235018 are from Barron, 5000 ft.,
and No. 230685 is from Suiattle River, 6500 ft. Of specimens in
question, from Mount Rainier, No. 90635 is from 6500 ft., west slope;
No. 232729 is from 4900 ft., Reflection Lakes, and No. 233114 is from
5300 ft., Indian Henrys.
In comparison with _T. a. ludibundus_, _T. a. caurinus_ is grayer on
most, or all, parts of the pelage, has less ochraceous on the sides, and
the dark stripes on the sides of the head are narrower and less reddish
(more grayish). The skull of _caurinus_ is larger in certain
measurements, as shown below:
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Catalogue Occipitonasal Zygomatic Cranial Length of Greatest width
number length breadth breadth nasals across upper
molars
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
_T. a. ludibundus_
234776 34.0 19.3 15.6 10.2 ...
235018 34.1 .... .... 10.4 8.0
230685 33.5 18.8 15.5 10.4 7.9