their tyranny and sway, 154-155;
conquered by allies, 156;
remnant found Zotuta, 156
Codex Perezianus. Maya manuscript, 160
Cogolludo, D. Lopez. And the story of Canek, 189
Coh, Prince. In the story of Queen Móo, 240, 244, 246
Cohuatzincatl (He who has Grandparents). A pulque-god, 105
Colcampata, The, at Cuzco. The palace on, 269
Colhuacan.
I. Mexican city, 20, 26, 233.
II. King of; father of the sacrificed princess, 124
Colla-suyu. One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru, 255
Con. Thunder-god of Collao of Peru, 78, 299
Confession among the Mexicans, 106, 108;
Tlazolteotl the goddess of, 106;
accounts of the ceremony, 106-110
Coniraya Viracocha. A Peruvian nature-spirit; the myth of Cavillaca
and, 321-323
Contici (The Thunder Vase). Peruvian deity representing the
thunderstorm, 301
Conticsi-viracocha (He who gives Origin). Peruvian conception of the
creative agency, 304
Conti-suyu. One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru, 255
Copacahuana. Idol associated with the worship of Lake Titicaca, 298
Copacati. Idol associated with the worship of Lake Titicaca, 298
Copal. Prince; in legend of foundation of Mexico, 28
Copan. Maya city; sculptural remains at, 196;
evidence at, of a new racial type, 196-197
Coricancha (Town of Gold). Temple of the sun at Cuzco, 260-262;
built by Pachacutic, 286;
image of the thunder-god in, 300
Cortés. Lands at Vera Cruz, 7;
mistaken for Quetzalcoatl, 7, 80;
the incident of the death of his horse at Peten-Itza, 195
Cotzbalam. Bird in the Kiche story of the creation, 209
Coxoh Chol dialect, 145
Coyohuacan. Mexican city, 50
Coyolxauhqui. Daughter of Coatlicue, 70-72
Coyotl inaual. A god of the Amantecas; and Quetzalcoatl, 79
Cozaana. A Zapotec deity; in creation-myth, 121
Cozcaapa (Water of Precious Stones). A fountain; in a Quetzalcoatl
myth, 65
Cozcatzin Codex, 92
Cozumel. The island of, 154
Creation. Mexican conceptions of, 118-120;
the legend given by Ixtlilxochitl, 119-120;
the Mixtec legend of, 120-121;
the Zapotec legend of, 121-122;
the Kiche story of, in the Popol Vuh, 209;
of man, the Popol Vuh myth of, 229-230;
of man, a Peruvian myth of, 256;
the Inca conception of, 257-258, 305;
local Peruvian myths, 258-259
Cross, The. A symbol of the four winds in Mexico and Peru, 273;
account of the discovery of a wooden, 274-275
Cuchumaquiq. Father of Xquiq; in Popol Vuh myth, 222
Cuitlavacas. Aztec tribe, 233
Curi-Coyllur (Joyful Star). Daughter of Yupanqui Pachacutic; in the
drama Apu-Ollanta, 251-253
Cuycha. Peruvian name for the rainbow; temple of, at Cuzco, 262
Cuzco (Navel of the Universe). The ancient capital of the Incas, 248;
and the racial division of Peru, 255;
in the legend of Manco Ccapac, 256;
a great culture-centre, 256;
founded by the sun-god, 258;
the Coricancha at, 260-262;
power under Pachacutic, 285
D
Discovery. American myths relating to the, 6
Dresden Codex. Maya manuscript, 160
Drink-gods, Mexican, 104-105
"Dwarf's House, The." Ruin at Uxmal, 192;
legend relating to, 192-194
E
Earth-Mother. See Teteoinnan
Education. In Mexico, 115-116
Ehecatl (The Air). Form of Quetzalcoatl, 84
Ekchuah. Maya god of merchants and cacao-planters, 170, 177;
God L thought to be, 176;
probably parallel to Yacatecutli, 177
"Emerald Fowl," The, 186
Etzalqualiztli (When they eat Bean Food). Festival of Tlaloc, 77
F
Father and Mother Gods, Mexican, 103-104
Fire-god, Mexican, 95
Fish-gods, Peruvian, 306
Flood-myths, 122-123, 323-324
Food-gods, Mexican, 91
Förstemann, Dr. And the Maya writing, 162, 163;
on God L, 176
Fu Sang and America, 3
G
Gama, Antonio. His work on Mexican lore and antiquities, 58
Ghanan. Name given to God E by Brinton, 174
God A of Dr. Schellhas' system; a death-god, 172-173;
thought to resemble the Aztec Xipe, 174
God B. Doubtless Quetzalcoatl, 173
God C. A god of the pole-star, 173
God D. A moon-god, probably Itzamna, 173
God E. A maize-god, similar to Centeotl, 174
God F. Resembles God A, 174
God G. A sun-god, 174
God H. 174
God K. Probably a god of the Quetzalcoatl group, 175-176
God L. Probably an earth-god, 176
God M. Probably a god of travelling merchants, 176-177
God N. Probably god of the "unlucky days," 177
God P. A frog-god, 177
Goddess I. A water-goddess, 175
Goddess O. Probably tutelar of married women, 177
Gods. Connection of, with war and the food-supply, 74;
Nahua conception of the limited productivity of food and rain
deities, 77;
American myth rich in hero-gods, 237
Gomara, F. L. de. Work on Mexican lore, 58
Guachimines (Darklings). Inhabitants of the primeval earth in Peruvian
myth, 301
Guamansuri. The first of mortals in Peruvian myth, 301
Guatemala.
I. The state; the Maya of, 157-159.
II. The city; the lost Popol Vuh found in, 207
Gucumatz (Serpent with Green Feathers). Kiche form of Quetzalcoatl,
worshipped in Guatemala, 83, 167, 236;
in the Kiche story of the creation, 209
Gwyneth, Owen, father of Madoc, 5
H
Hacavitz.
I. The god assigned to Mahacutah in the Kiche story of the creation,
230;
turned into stone, 231.
II. Mountain at which the Kiche first saw the sun, 231
Hakluyt. His English Voyages, cited, 5
Hastu-huaraca. Chieftain of the Antahuayllas; defeated by Pachacutic,
284-285;
joins with Pachacutic, 285
Henry VII. His patronage of early American explorers, 6
Hernandez, Father. And the goddess Ix chebel yax, 170
House of Bats. Abode of the bat-god, 171;
mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 226
House of Cold. In the Kiche Hades, 226
House of Darkness. Ruin at Aké, 186
House of Feathers. Toltec edifice, 15
House of Fire. In the Kiche Hades, 226
House of Gloom. In the Kiche Hades, 221, 225
House of Lances. In the Kiche Hades, 226
House of Tigers. In the Kiche Hades, 226
Hrdlicka, Dr. And Mexican cliff-dwellings, 24
Huacaquan. Mountain; in the myth of origin of the Canaris, 318
Huacas. Sacred objects of the Peruvians, 294
Huaina Ccapac (The Young Chief). Eleventh Inca, 7, 288-289;
and the lake-goddess of Titicaca, 299
Huamantantac. Peruvian deity responsible for the gathering of
sea-birds, 296
Huanca. Peruvian race; allied against the Incas, 282, 285
Huancas. Agricultural fetishes of the Peruvians, 294
Huantay-sara. Idol representing the tutelary spirit of the maize
plant, 295
Huarcans. The Inca Tupac and, 288
Huarco (The Gibbet). The valley of; the Inca Tupac and the natives
of, 288
Huaris (Great Ones). Ancestors of the aristocrats of a tribe in Peru;
reverence paid to, 296
Huarochiri. Village; in Coniraya myth, 323
Huascar, or Tupac-cusi-huallpa (The Sun makes Joy). Son of the Inca
Huaina Ccapac, 7;
strives for the crown with Atauhuallpa, 289-290
Huasteca. Aboriginal Mexican race of Maya stock, 23, 147-148;
probably represent early Maya efforts at colonisation, 147
Huatenay. River in Peru; runs through the Intipampa at Cuzco, 261
Huathiacuri. A hero, son of Paricaca; a myth of, 324-326
Huatulco. Place in Mexico; Toltecs at, 12
Huehuequauhtitlan. Place in Mexico; Quetzalcoatl at, 64
Huehueteotl (Oldest of Gods). A name of the Mexican fire-god, 95
Huehue Tlapallan (Very Old Tlapallan). In Toltec creation-myth, 119
Huehuetzin. Toltec chieftain; rebels against Acxitl, 18, 19
Huemac II. Toltec king, 15, 16;
abdicates, 17;
opposes Huehuetzin, 19
Huexotzinco. Mexican city, 48, 49
Huexotzincos. Aztec tribe, 233
Hueymatzin (Great Hand). Toltec necromancer and sage, 14;
reputed author of the Teo-Amoxtli, 46;
and Quetzalcoatl, 84
Hueytozoztli (The Great Watch). Festival of Chicomecohuatl, 86
Huichaana. Zapotec deity; in creation-myth, 121, 122
Huillcamayu (Huillca-river). River in Peru; regarded as an oracle, 296
Huillcanuta. Place in Peru, 311
Huillcas. Sacred objects of the nature of oracles, in Peru, 296
Huitzilimitzin. In the story of the vicious princess, 130
Huitzilopocho. Mexican city, 50
Huitzilopochtli (Humming-bird to the Left). Aztec god of war,
originally a chieftain, 28, 70;
and the foundation of Mexico, 28;
the great temple of, at Mexico, 30, 31;
plots against the Toltecs and Quetzalcoatl, 60;
and the legend of the amusing infant and the pestilence, 63-64;
myth of the origin of, 70-72;
associated with the serpent and the humming-bird, 72-73;
as usually represented, 73;
associated with the gladiatorial stone, 73;
as Mexitli, 74;
as serpent-god of lightning, associated with the summer, 74;
in connection with Tlaloc, 74;
the Toxcatl festival of, 74;
the priesthood of, 75;
in connection with the legend of the sacrificed princess, 124
Hun-Apu (Master, or Magician). A hero-god, twin with Xbalanque;
in a Kiche myth, 211-219;
in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220, 223-227;
mentioned, 237
Hun-Came. One of the rulers of Xibalba, the Kiche Hades, 220, 221, 224
Hunabku. God of the Maya, representing divine unity, 171
Hunac Eel. Ruler of the Cocomes, 155
Hunbatz. Son of Hunhun-Apu, 220, 222, 223
Hunchouen. Son of Hunhun-Apu, 220, 222, 223
Hunhun-Apu. Son of Xpiyacoc and Xmucane; in the myth in the second
book of the Popol Vuh, 220-222, 224, 225, 227
Hunpictok (Commander-in-Chief of Eight Thousand Flints). The palace
of, at Itzamal, 187-188
Hunsa. City at which the Zoque of the Chibchas lived, 276
Hurakan (The One-legged). Maya god of lightning;
prototype of Tlaloc, 76, 78;
the mustachioed image of, at Itzamal, 188;
= the mighty wind, in the Kiche story of the creation, 209;
and the creation of man in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 229-230;
probably same as Nahua Tezcatlipoca, 237;
his sub-gods, 237
I
Icutemal. Ruler of the Kiche, 159
Ilhuicatlan (In the Sky). Column in temple at Mexico, connected with
the worship of the planet Venus, 96
Illatici (The Thunder Vase). Peruvian deity representing the
thunderstorm, 301
Inca Roca. Sixth Inca, 283
Incas (People of the Sun). The Peruvian ruling race; a composite
people, 254;
place of origin, 254;
inferior to the Mexicans in general culture, 248;
mythology of, 255-258, 317-327;
character of their civilisation, 259;
no personal freedom, 260;
age of marriage, 260;
their system of mummification, 262-264;
severity of their legal code, 264;
social system, 264-265;
calendar, 265-266;
religious festivals, 267;
architecture, 268-269;
architectural remains, 270-273;
irrigation works, 273;
possessed no system of writing, 278;
the quipos, 278-279;
as craftsmen, 279-281;
the pottery of, 280-281;
period and extent of their dominion, 281-282;
fusion of the constituent peoples, 285-286;
splitting of the race, 286;
their despotism, 290;
religion of, 291;
sun-worship of, 307-313
Incas. The rulers of Peru, 282-290;
the Inca the representative of the sun, 260;
unlimited power of, 260;
the moon the mythic mother of the dynasty, 262
Inti-huasi. Building sacred to the sun in Peruvian villages, 308
Intihuatana. Inca device for marking the date of the sun-festivals, 265
Intip Raymi (Great Feast of the Sun). Peruvian festival, 267, 311-312
Intipampa (Field of the Sun). Garden in which the Coricancha of Cuzco
stood, 260-261
Ipalnemohuani (He by whom Men Live). Mexican name of the sun-god, 97
Iqi-Balam (Tiger of the Moon). One of the first men of the Popol Vuh
myth, 229, 230
Irma. District in Peru; local creation-myth of, 258-259
Itzaes. A warlike race, founders of Chichen-Itza, 153
Itzamal. Maya city-state in Yucatan, 8, 152, 154;
ruins at, 187-188
Itzamna. Maya moon-god, father of gods and men, tutelar of the west,
170;
founder of the state of Itzamal, 152;
God D probably is, 173;
the temple of, at Itzamal, 187;
called also Kab-ul (The Miraculous Hand), 187;
the gigantic image of, at Itzamal, 188
Ix. A minor Maya deity, 170
Ix chebel yax. Maya goddess; identified with Virgin Mary by Hernandez,
170
Ix ch'el. Maya goddess of medicine, 170
Ixcoatl. Mexican king, 35
Ixcuiname. Mexican goddesses of carnal things, 108
Ixtlilton (The Little Black One). Mexican god of medicine and healing,
112;
called brother of Macuilxochitl, 112
Ixtlilxochitl, Don Fernando de Alva. Mexican chronicler, 11, 46;
account of the early Toltec migrations, 11, 12;
and myths of the Toltecs, 13;
reference to the Teo-Amoxtli, 45;
his Historia Chichimeca and Relaciones, 46, 58;
his value as historian, 46;
legend of the creation related by, 119-120
Izimin Chac. The image of Cortés' horse, 195
Izpuzteque. Demon in the Mexican Other-world, 38
Iztacmixcohuatl. Father of Quetzalcoatl, 79
J
Jaguar-Snake. Mixtec deer-goddess; in creation-myth, 120
Jalisco. Mexican province; cliff-dwellings in, 24, 25
K
Kabah. Maya city; ruins at, 190-191
Kab-ul (The Miraculous Hand). Name given to Itzamna, 187
Kakchiquel dialect, 145
Kakchiquels. A Maya people of Guatemala, 157-159;
and the episode of the defeat of Cay Hun-Apu, 159
"Kamucu" (We see). The song of the Kiche at the first appearance of
the sun, and at death of the first men, 232
Kan. A minor Maya deity, 170
Kanikilak. Indian deity, 83, 84
Ki Pixab (Corner of the Earth). Name given by the Kiche to their land
of origin, 254
Kiche. A Maya people of Guatemala, 157-159;
their rulers supreme in Guatemala, 158;
their story of the creation as related in the Popol Vuh, 209;
origin of, as related in the Popol Vuh, 229-230;
fond of ceremonial dances and chants, 238
Kiche (or Quiche) dialect, 145, 209;
the Popol Vuh originally written in, 207, 209
"Kingdom of the Great Snake." Semi-historical Maya empire, 144
Kinich-ahau (Lord of the Face of the Sun). Same as Arara and
Kinich-Kakmo. Sun-god of the Maya of Yucatan, tutelar of the north, 170
Kinich-Kakmo (Sun-bird).
I. Same as Kinich-ahau, which see.
II. The pyramid of, ruin at Itzamal, 187
Klaproth, H. J. von. And the Fu Sang fallacy, 3
Knuc (Palace of Owls). Ruin at Aké, 186
Kuicatecs. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24;
a medium through which Maya civilisation filtered to the north, 147
Kukulcan. Maya form of Quetzalcoatl, 83, 167;
regarded as King of Mayapan, 152
Kumsnöotl. God of the Salish Indians, 83
L
Lamacazton (Little Priests). Lowest order of the Aztec priesthood, 116
Landa, Bishop. And the Maya alphabet, 161;
discovers the Maya numeral system, 165
"Lands of the Sun." Name given to Inca territories, 308
Language. Mexican or Nahuan, 42-43, 342;
Mayan, 161, 342;
Peruvian, 342
Le Plongeon, Dr. Augustus. His theories as to the Maya, 239;
and the Maya hieroglyphs, 239;
his story of Queen Móo, 239-247
Leguicano, Mancio Serra de. And the golden plate from the Coricancha,
262
Liyobaa. Village near Mitla; mentioned by Father Burgoa, 204
Lizana, Father. And the prophecy of Chilan Balam, 8
Llama. Importance of, among the Incas, 268
Lloque Yupanqui. The third Inca, 283
Lorillard. Maya city; architectural remains found at, 195
M
Macuilxochitl (or Xochipilli) (Five-Flower, Source of Flowers). God
of luck in gaming, 103;
Ixtlilton called brother of, 112
Madoc. The legend of, 5, 6
Mahacutah (The Distinguished Name). One of the first men of the Popol
Vuh myth, 229, 230
Maize-gods. Mexican, 85-91;
Peruvian, 295
Mallinalcas. Aztec tribe, 233
Mama Oullo Huaca. Wife of Manco Ccapac, 256
Mama-cocha (Mother-sea). Conception under which the Peruvians
worshipped the sea, 306
Mamacota. Name given to Lake Titicaca by people of the Collao, 298
Mamacuna. Matrons who had charge of the Acllacuna, in Peru, 313
Mamapacha (or Pachamama). The Peruvian earth-goddess, 303
Mamas (Mothers). Tutelary spirits of the maize and other plants in
Peru, 295
Mames. District in Guatemala, 158
Man of the Sun. Quetzalcoatl as, 81;
other conceptions of, 83
Manco. The Inca appointed by Pizarro; and an oracle, 302-303
Manco Ccapac.
I. Divine being, son of the Life-giver; sent to instruct the
primitive Peruvians, 255-256;
a legend in connection with, 256.
II. The first Inca, identical with the foregoing, 282, 283;
regarded as son of the sun, 306;
a myth of, 320-321
Mani. Mexican city, founded by the Tutul Xius, 155
Mannikins. In the Kiche story of the creation related in the Popol
Vuh, 209-210
Markham, Sir Clements. On Inca architecture, 269
Matlatzincas. Aztec tribe, 233
Maxtla.
I. King of the Tecpanecs; and Nezahualcoyotl, 125-128.
II. A noble; in the story of the vicious princess, 130
Maya. The most highly civilised of ancient American peoples, 1, 143;
their culture erroneously stated to be of Asiatic origin, 1;
theory as to Toltec relationship, 143;
sphere of the civilisation, 144;
the nucleus of the civilisation, 144-145, 149;
the dialects, 145;
origin of the race, 145;
their civilisation self-developed, 143, 146;
blood and cultural relationships with Nahua, 146-147;
efforts at expansion, 147-148;
climatic influence on the civilisation and religion, 148;
sources of their history, 148-149;
division of the aristocratic and labouring classes, 150;
influence of the Nahua invasions, 151;
cleavage between Yucatan and Guatemala peoples, 151;
the Yucatec race, 151-152;
incidents in migration myths represent genuine experience, 152;
the race in Guatemala, 157;
the writing system, 159-166;
the manuscripts, 160-161;
the numeral system, 165;
the mythology, 166-169, 207-247;
the calendar, 38, 39, 169;
the pantheon, 168, 170-177;
architecture, 178-198;
relationship of the mythology to that of the Nahua, 166;
Dr. Le Plongeon's theories as to, 239
Mayapan. City-state in Yucatan, 152;
rises into prominence, 153, 155;
overthrown by allies, 156
Mayta Ccapac. The fourth Inca, 283
Meahuan, Mount. In the Kiche myth of Vukub-Cakix, 216
Medicine-men. Account of the methods of, among Peruvians, 314-315
Metztli (or Yohualticitl) (The Lady of Night). Mexican goddess of
the moon, 106;
in myth of Nanahuatl, 93, 106
Mexicatl Teohuatzin (Mexican Lord of Divine Matters). Head of the
Aztec priesthood, 116
Mexico.
I. The city; capital of the Aztecs, native name Tenochtitlan, 26, 47;
origin of the name, 73;
said to have been founded by Acolhuans, 26;
Huitzilopochtli and, 28, 73;
legends of the foundation of, 28-29;
at the period of the conquest, 29-30;
the annual "bloodless battle" with Tlascala, 48.
II. The state; the civilisation of, 1, 9;
possibly reached by early Norsemen, 5
Mexico-Tenochtitlan. Native name of city of Mexico, 29
Mexitli (Hare of the Aloes). A name of Huitzilopochtli, 74
Mictecaciuatl. Wife of Mictlan, 96
Mictlan (or Mictlantecutli) (Lord of Hades).
I. Mexican god of the dead and the underworld, 37, 76, 95-96;
God A probably identical with, 173.
II. The abode of the god Mictlan; Mitla identified with, 198.
III. Village mentioned by Torquemada, 199
Migration Myths. Probably reflect actual migrations, 234-235
Mitla. Maya city, 31, 144;
ruins at, 197-198;
identified with Mictlan, the Mexican Hades, 198;
description of, by Father Torquemada, 199;
description of, by Father Burgoa, 199-206
Mixcoatl (Cloud Serpent). Aztec god of the chase, 110-111;
Camaxtli identified with, 111
Mixe. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24
Mixteca. Aboriginal Mexican race, 23;
creation-myth of, 120-121;
a medium through which Maya civilisation passed north, 147
Moche. Place in Peru; sepulchral mound at, 271
Mohanes (or Agoreros). Members of Peruvian tribes who claimed power
as oracles, 297-298, 314
Moneneque (The Claimer of Prayer). A name of Tezcatlipoca, 67
Montezuma II. Mexican emperor, native name Motequauhzoma; mentioned,
35, 44;
and the coming of Cortés, 7;
in the story of Tlalhuicole, 136-137;
in the story of Princess Papan, 139-142
Móo, Queen. The story of, 239-247
Moon, The. Mythic mother of the Inca dynasty, 262;
temple of, at Cuzco, 261-262;
wife of the sun, in the mythology of the Chibchas, 276
Muluc. A minor Maya deity, 170
Mummification. Among the Peruvians, 262-264
N
Nadaillac, Marquis de. Account of the use of quipos, 278-279
Nahua (Those who live by Rule). Ancient Mexican race, 9;
civilisation, features in, and character of, 9, 146, 148;
compared with Oriental peoples, 10;
meaning of the name, 10;
place of origin, 10-11;
route of migrations to Mexico, 12;
theory of Toltec influence upon, 22;
and cliff-dwellers, 24-25;
territories occupied by, 25;
writing system of, 34-35;
calendric system of, 38-41;
language of, 42-43;
science of, 43;
form of government, 43-44;
domestic life of, 44-45;
distribution of the component tribes, 47;
authentic history of the nation, 48-53;
religion, 54;
Tezcatlipoca and, 67;
influence of the Maya civilisation upon, 147;
culture and religion influenced by climatic conditions, 148;
invade Maya territory, 150-151;
influence Maya cleavage, 151;
in the Maya conflict in Guatemala, 159;
the relationship of the mythology of, to that of the Maya, 166;
difference in sun-worship of, from Peruvian, 307-308
Nahuatlatolli. The Nahua tongue, 25
Nanahuatl (Poor Leper) (or Nanauatzin). Mexican god of skin diseases,
93;
the myth of, 93;
Xolotl probably identical with, 93
Nanauatzin. Same as Nanahuatl, which see
Nanihehecatl. Form of Quetzalcoatl, 84
Nata. The Mexican Noah, 122-123
Nauhollin (The Four Motions). Mexican sacrificial ceremonies, 99
Nauhyotl. Toltec ruler of Colhuacan, 20
Nemontemi (unlucky days). In Mexican calendar, 39, 40
Nena. Wife of Nata, the Mexican Noah, 122-123
Nexiuhilpilitztli (binding of years). In Mexican calendar, 39, 40
Nextepehua. Fiend in the Mexican Other-world, 38
Nezahualcoyotl (Fasting Coyote). King of Tezcuco; the story of,
125-128;
his enlightened rule, 128;
as a poet, 128;
his theology, 128;
and his son's offence, 129;
his palace, 132;
his villa of Tezcotzinco, 133-136
Nezahualpilli (The Hungry Chief).
I. A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca, 66.
II. Son of Nezahualcoyotl; story of his wife's crime, 129-132;
in the story of Princess Papan, 140
Nima-Kiche. The ancestor of the Kiche race; the legend of, 158
Ninxor-Carchah. Place in Guatemala; mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 224
Nitiçapoloa. Ceremony connected with worship of Centeotl the son, 90
Nonohualco. Place in Mexico; Tutul Xius may have come from, 153
Norsemen. Voyages of the, to America, 5
Nunnery. The ruin at Chichen-Itza, 189-190
O
Obsequies. In Peru; a description of, 316-317
Ocosingo. Ruined Maya city, 149
Ollanta. Inca chieftain; in the drama Apu-Ollanta, 251-253
Ollantay-tampu. Prehistoric ruins at, 250-251;
Apu-Ollanta, the drama legend of, 251-253
Omacatl (Two Reeds). Mexican god of festivity, 112-113
Omeciuatl. Mexican mother god of the human species, associated with
Ometecutli, 103-104, 118;
Xmucane the Kiche equivalent of, 236
Ometecutli (Two-Lord). Father god of the human species, associated
with Omeciuatl, 103-104, 118;
Xpiyacoc the Kiche equivalent of, 236
Ometochtli.
I. A pulque-god, 104.
II. A day in the Mexican calendar, 105
Opochtli (The Left-handed). Mexican god of fishers and bird-catchers,
113-114
Oracles in Peru, 296-297;
a legend connected with an oracle, 302-303
Otomi. Aboriginal Mexican race, 23, 25, 50
Owen, Guttyn. Mentioned, 6
Oxford Codex, 37
P
Paapiti. Island on Lake Titicaca; Huaina Ccapac and the lake-goddess
and, 299
Pacari Tampu (House of the Dawn). Place of origin of four brothers
and sisters who initiated the systems of worship and civilised Peru,
305, 307
Pacaw. A sorcerer mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 227
Paccariscas. Holy places of origin of the Peruvian tribes, 292,
293, 305
Pachacamac.
I. The supreme divinity of the Incas, known also as Pacharurac,
257, 303-304;
not a primitive conception, 257;
in the local creation-myth of Irma, 258-259;
the Ccapac Raymi the national festival of, 267;
Yatiri the Aymara name for, 299;
symbol of, in the Coricancha, 304;
regarded as son of the sun, 306;
daughters of, in the Coniraya myth, 323.
II. Sacred city of the Incas, 310;
ruins of, 273;
in the Coniraya myth, 322
Pachacamama (Earth-Mother). Name given by the Incas to their conception
of the earth, 257
Pachacta unanchac. Inca device for determining the solstices, 265-266
Pachacutic (or Yupanqui Pachacutic) (He who changes the World). Ninth
Inca; in the drama Apu-Ollanta, 251-252;
defeats Hastu-huaraca, 282, 284-285;
formerly known as Yupanqui, 285;
his extensive dominion, 286;
his achievements as ruler, 286-287;
a man like the Mexican Nezahualcoyotl, 291;
and the legend of the stones that turned into warriors, 294;
and the thunder-god, 300;
and the conception of the creator, 304;
introduces sun-worship, 308;
the vision of, 317-318
Pachamama (or Mamapacha) (Earth-Mother). The Peruvian earth-goddess,
303
Pacharurac. A name of Pachacamac, which see
Pachayachachic. A form of Pachacamac, regarded as direct ruler of
the universe, 299, 304;
Viracocha called, 307
"Palace of Owls." Ruin at Aké, 186
Palace, The, at Palenque, 183-185
Palenque. Maya city, 144, 149, 182-186;
the Palace at, 183-185;
Temple of Inscriptions at, 185;
Temple of the Sun, 185;
Temple of the Cross, 185;
Temple of the Cross No. II, 186;
"Tablet of the Cross" at, 161, 185-186
Palpan. Hill near Tollan; excavations at, 34
Papantzin. Sister of Montezuma II; the story of her return from the
tomb, 139-142
Papaztac (The Nerveless). A pulque-god, 104
Pariacaca.
I. A name of the Peruvian thunder-god, 299-300;
and the lake of Pariacaca, 300.
II. The lake of, 300
Paricaca. A hero, father of Huathiacuri; in the Huathiacuri myth,
324-326;
in a flood-myth, 326-327;
and the Choque Suso myth, 327
Paris (or Tellerio-Remensis) Codex, 37
Patecatl. A pulque-god, 104
"Path of the Dead, The," at Teotihuacan, 33
Payne, E. J. On the origin of the Maya culture, 1;
on the origin of the Nahua, 10;
on the Toltecs, 21;
on the Teoyaominqui fallacy, 88-90
Peru. The civilisation of, 1, 248-290;
the country, 248-249;
the people, 253-255;
the mythology, 255-259, 291-327;
government, 259-260, 290;
laws and customs, 264-265;
the calendar, 265-266;
the festivals, 267;
architecture and architectural remains, 259, 268-273;
irrigation works, 273;
no writing or numeral system, 278;
craftsmanship, 259, 279-281;
history, 281-290;
religion, 291-313;
human sacrifice, 313
Peten-Itza. Maya city, founded by a prince of Chichen-Itza, 156;
the incident of Cortés and his horse at, 195-196;
a city "filled with idols," 196
Petlac. Place mentioned in myth of Huitzilopochtli's origin, 72
Piedras Negras. Ruined Maya city, 149
"Pigeon House." Ruin at Uxmal, 194
Piguerao. Peruvian deity, brother of Apocatequil; in a creation-myth,
301
Pillan. Thunder-god of aborigines of Chile, analogous to Tlaloc, 78
Pillco-puncu. Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca, 311
Pinturas. Mexican hieroglyphs, or picture-writing, 7, 34-37
Pipil dialect, 145
Piqui-Chaqui (Flea-footed). Servant of Ollanta, 251
Pissac. Ruined Inca fortress at, 250
Pitu Salla. Guardian of Yma Sumac, 253
Pizarro, Francisco. Conqueror of Peru, 255
Pizarro, Pedro. Cousin of Francisco Pizarro, 262
"Place of Fruits." Valley in which Tollan stood, 14
Pleiades. Kiche myth of the origin of, 215
Pocomams. District in Guatemala, 158
Popocatepetl. The mountain; sacred to Tlaloc, 77
Popolcan. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24
"Popol Vuh" (The Collection of Written Leaves). A volume of Maya-Kiche
mythology and history, 152, 157, 158;
description, 207-209;
genuine character, 208;
probable date of composition, 235;
antiquity, 236, 238;
the gods and others mentioned in, 236-237;
probably a metrical composition originally, 237-238.
The first book:
The creation, 209;
the downfall of man, 209-210;
story of Vukub-Cakix, 210-213;
the undoing of Zipacna, 213-216;
the overthrow of Cabrakan, 216-219;
the creation-story probably the result of the fusion of several
myths, 235.
The second book:
Hunhun-Apu and Vukub-Hunapu descend to the Underworld, 220-221;
Hunhun-Apu and Xquiq, 222;
birth and exploits of Hun-Apu and Xbalanque, 223-224;
the hero-brothers in Xibalba, and the discomfiture of the Lords
of Hell, 225-227;
the conception in this book common to other mythologies, 228;
the savage dread of death probably responsible for the conception
of its vanquishment, 228;
other sources of the myth, 228.
The third book:
Man is created, 229;
woman is created, 230;
gods are vouchsafed to man, 230;
Tohil provides fire, 230-231;
the race is confounded in speech and migrates, 231;
the sun appears, 231;
death of the first men, 232;
resemblance of the myth to those of other American peoples, 232;
similarity of the migration-story to others, 233-234;
probable origin of the migration-myth, 234-235.
The fourth book, 238-239
Potosi. Peruvian city, 248
Powel. History of Wales, cited, 5
Poyauhtecatl, Mount. In Quetzalcoatl myth, 65
Ppapp-Hol-Chac (The House of Heads and Lightnings). Ruin at Itzamal,
187
Priesthood, Mexican, 114-117;
power of, 114;
beneficent ministrations of, 115;
revenues of, 115;
education conducted by, 115-116;
orders of, 116;
rigorous existence of, 116-117
Pucara. Peruvian fortress-city; leader in the Huanca alliance, 282
Pueblo Indians. Probably related to Nahua, 24
Pulque. The universal Mexican beverage, 45
Pulque-gods, 104-105
Puma-puncu. Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca, 311
Puma-Snake. Mixtec deer-god; in creation-myth, 120
Pumatampu. Place in Peru; Inca Roca defeats the Conti-suyu at, 283
Purunpacha. The period after the deluge when there was no king,
in Peru, 324
Pyramid of Sacrifice. Ruin at Uxmal, 194
Q
Quäaqua. Sun-god of the Salish Indians, 83
Quacamayo Birds. In a myth of the Canaris Indians, 319
Quaquiutl. Indian tribe, 83
Quatlapanqui (The Head-splitter). A pulque-god, 104
Quatavita, The Lake of. The Chibchas and, 276
Quauhquauhtinchan (House of the Eagles). Sacrifice to the sun in, 99
Quauhtitlan. Place mentioned in legend of Quetzalcoatl's journey from
Tollan, 64
Quauhxicalli (Cup of the Eagles). Mexican sacrificial stone, 99, 100
Quauitleua. Festival of Tlaloc, 77
Quauitlicac. In myth of Huitzilopochtli's origin, 71, 72
Quemada. Place in Mexico; cyclopean ruins at, 32
Quenti-puncu. Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca, 311
Quetzalcoatl ("Feathered Serpent" or "Feathered Staff"). The Kukulcan
of the Maya, god of the sun, the wind, and thunder, common to Mexican
and Maya mythologies; Mexican legend of, 6-7;
probably cognate with Yetl, 12;
king of the Toltecs in Nahua myth, 21;
Tezcatlipoca and, 60, 79;
Huitzilopochtli, Tezcatlipoca, and Tlacahuepan plot against, 60;
quits Tollan and proceeds to Tlapallan, 64-65, 79;
probably a god of pre-Nahua people, 78;
"Father of the Toltecs," 79;
enlightened sway as ruler of Tollan, 79;
consequences of his exile, 79;
legend of, in connection with the morning star, 80, 96;
whether rightly considered god of the sun, 80;
conception of, as god of the air, 80;
as wind-god and god of fire and light, 80-81;
whether originating from a "culture-hero," 81;
the "St. Thomas" idea, 81;
as Man of the Sun, 81-82;
as usually represented, 82;
regarded as a liberator, 82;
various conceptions of, 82-84, 167;
probable northern origin, 83;
Hueymatzin and, 84;
the worship of, 84-85;
the priesthood of, 116;
place in the Mexican calendar, 122;
vogue among Maya, 144, 167;
regarded as foreign to the soil in Mexico, 167;
differences in the Maya and Nahua conceptions of, 167;
called Kukulcan by the Maya, 167;
called Gucumatz in Guatemala, 167, 236;
God B probably is, 173
Quetzalpetlatl. Female counterpart of Quetzalcoatl, 79
Quiche. Same as Kiche, which see
Quichua. Peruvian race, 254-255;
fusion of, with Aymara, 285-286
Quichua-Aymara. The Inca race. See Incas
Quichua Chinchay-suyu. One of the four racial divisions of ancient
Peru, 255
Quinames. Earth-giants; in Toltec creation-myth, 120
Quineveyan. Grotto, mentioned in Aztec migration-myth, 233
Quinuamama. Guardian spirit of the quinua plant, in Peru, 295
Quipos. Cords used by the Incas for records and communications,
278-279;
account of the use of, by the Marquis de Nadaillac, 278-279
Quito. Sometime centre of the northern district of Peru, 286, 289
R
Raxa-Cakulha. A sub-god of Hurakan, 237
Religion.
I. Of the Nahua, 54-55;
the worship of one god, 58-59.
II. Of the Peruvians, 291;
inferior to the Mexican, 248;
the legend relating to the evolution of, 305-306
Riopampa. Sometime centre of the northern district of Peru, 286
Rosny, Léon de. Research on the Maya writing by, 161-162
Rumi-ñaui. Inca general; in the drama Apu-Ollanta, 252-253
S
Sacrifice, Human. In connection with Teotleco festival, 69;
with Toxcatl festival, 69-70;
with Tlaloc, 76-77;
displaced by "substitution of part for whole," 85, 116;
in the Xalaquia festival, 87;
in connection with Xipe, 92;
Xolotl the representative of, 93;
in worship of the planet Venus, 96;
in sun-worship, 98-100, 101;
the keynote of Nahua mythology, 166;
among the Maya, 166;
at Mitla, described by Father Burgoa, 202-203;
among the Chibchas, 276;
in Peru, 313
Sacrificed Princess, the legend of the, 123-124
Sacsahuaman. Inca fortress; the ruins of, 250;
built by Pachacutic, 287
Sahagun, Father Bernardino. His work on Mexican lore, 56-57;
account of the Teotleco festival, 68-69;
account of a confession ceremony, 106-108
Salish Indians, 83
"Salvador," The. A curious Inca vase, 281
San Carlos. The University of, in Guatemala; the lost Popol Vuh found
in, 207
San Lorenzo. Village; in a myth of Paricaca, 327
Saramama. Guardian spirit of the maize plant, in Peru, 295
Schellhas, Dr. And the Maya writing, 162;
and names of the Maya deities, 168
Scherzer, Dr. C. Finds the lost Popol Vuh, 207
Sea. Worshipped by the Peruvians as Mama-cocha, 306
Seler, Dr. On Quetzalcoatl, 80-81;
on Xolotl, 93-94;
and the Maya writing, 162, 164;
on God K, 175-176;
on God P, 177;
on Mitla and the origin of the American race, 198
Serpent. Varied significance of the, 72, 74, 76;
association of Huitzilopochtli with, 72-73;
associated with the bird, 73
Seven Caverns. Myth of the, 123
Sierra Nevada (Mountain of Snow). In legend of Quetzalcoatl's
migration, 65
Sinchi Roca (Wise Chief). The second Inca, 283
Skinner, J. Account of the discovery of a wooden cross, 274-275;
on mohanes, 297-298;
account of the methods of medicine men in Peru, 314-315;
account of obsequies among a Peruvian tribe, 315-317
Släalekam. Sun-god of the Salish Indians, 83
Sondor-huasi. An Inca building bearing a thatched roof, 269
Soto, Hernando de. Mentioned, 7
Squier, E. G. On the Coricancha, 261
Stephens, J. L. Legend of the dwarf related by, 192-194;
story of the unknown city, 195
Stones, worship of, in Peru, 292-293
Suarez. Lorillard City discovered by, 195
Sun. Prophecy as to coming of white men from, 7;
symbolised as a serpent by Hopi Indians, 82;
pictured as abode of Quetzalcoatl, 82;
"father" of Totonacs, 82;
Quaquiutl myth respecting, 83-84;
worship of the, in Mexico, 97-102;
the supreme Mexican deity, 97;
the heart his special sacrifice, 97;
blood his especial food, 98;
destruction of successive suns, 98;
human sacrifice to, in Mexico, 98-100;
as god of warriors, 99;
conception of the warrior's after-life with, 101;
the feast of Totec, the chief Mexican festival of, 101-102;
the supreme Maya deity, 171;
in Inca creation-myth, 258, 305;
in the mythology of the Chibchas, 276;
worship of, in Peru, 306, 307-313;
the possessions of, and service rendered to, 308-309;
and the Rock of Titicaca, 309-311;
especially worshipped by the aged, 310;
the Intip-Raymi festival of, 311-312;
the Citoc-Raymi festival, 312-313;
human sacrifice to, in Peru, 313
Sunrise, Land of. In early American belief, 6
"Suns," the Four. In Aztec theology, 55
Susur-pugaio. A fountain; and the vision of Yupanqui, 318
T
Tabasco. Same as Tlapallan, which see
"Tablet of the Cross," 161, 185-186
Tancah. Maya city, 8
Tapac-yauri. The royal sceptre of the Incas, 321
Tarahumare. Mexican tribe; and cliff-dwellings, 25
Tarma. Place in Peru; Huanca defeated at, 285
Tarpuntaita-cuma. Incas who conducted sacrifice, 311
Tata (Our Father). A name of the Mexican fire-god, 95
Tayasal. Maya city, 196
Teatlahuiani. A pulque-god, 104
Tecpanecs. Confederacy of Nahua tribes, 26, 50;
significance of the name, 26, 50;
rivals of the Chichimecs, 27;
of Huexotzinco, defeated by Tlascaltecs, 49;
Aztecs allies of, 51;
growth of their empire, 51;
conquer Tezcuco and Chichimecs, 51
Tecumbalam. Bird in the Kiche story of the creation, 209
Telpochtli (The Youthful Warrior). A name of Tezcatlipoca, 66
Temacpalco. Place mentioned in the myth of Quetzalcoatl's journey to
Tlapallan, 65
Temalacatl. The Mexican gladiatorial stone of combat, 100
Temple of the Cross No. I, The, at Palenque, 185, 186;
No. II, 186
Temple of Inscriptions, The, at Palenque, 185
Temple of the Sun, The.
I. At Palenque, 185.
II. At Tikal, 196
Tenayucan. Chichimec city, 26
Tenochtitlan. Same as Mexico, which see
Teo-Amoxtli (Divine Book). A Nahua native chronicle, 45-46
Teocalli. The Mexican temple, 30
Teocuinani. Mountain; sacred to Tlaloc, 77
Teohuatzin. High-priest of Huitzilopochtli, 75
Teotihuacan. Sacred city of the Toltecs, 18, 47;
the fiend at the convention at, 18;
the Mecca of the Nahua races, 32;
architectural remains at, 32, 33;
rebuilt by Xolotl, Chichimec king, 33;
Charnay's excavations at, 33
Teotleco (Coming of the Gods). Mexican festival, 68-69
Teoyaominqui. Name given to the image of Chicomecohuatl by early
investigators, 88;
Payne on the error, 88-90
Tepeolotlec. A distortion of the name of Tepeyollotl, 102
Tepeyollotl (Heart of the Mountain). A god of desert places, 102-103;
called Tepeolotlec, 102
Tepoxtecatl. The pulque-god of Tepoztlan, 105, 117
Tepoztlan. Mexican city, 105
Tequechmecauiani. A pulque-god, 104
Tequiua. Disguise of Tezcatlipoca, 63
Ternaux-Compans, H. Cited, 4
Teteoinnan (Mother of the Gods). Mexican maize-goddess, known also
as Tocitzin, and identical with Centeotl the mother, 85, 90
Tezcatlipoca (Fiery Mirror). Same as Titlacahuan and Tlamatzincatl. The
Mexican god of the air, the Jupiter of the Nahua pantheon, 37, 59, 67;
tribal god of the Tezcucans, 59;
development of the conception, 59-60;
in legends of the overthrow of Tollan, 60;
adversary of Quetzalcoatl, 60, 79;
plots against Quetzalcoatl, and overcomes him, 60-61;
as Toueyo, and the daughter of Uemac, 61-62;
and the dance at the feast in Tollan, 63;
as Tequiua, and the garden of Xochitla, 63;
and the legend of the amusing infant and the pestilence, 63-64;
as Nezahualpilli, 66;
as Yaotzin, 66;
as Telpochtli, 66;
as usually depicted, 66;
Aztec conception of, as wind-god, 66;
as Yoalli Ehecatl, 66;
extent and development of the cult of, 67-68;
as Moneneque, 67;
and the Teotleco festival, 68-69;
the Toxcatl festival of, 69-70, 74;
in the character of Tlazolteotl, 107, 108
Tezcotzinco. The villa of Nezahualcoyotl, 133-136
Tezcuco.
I. Chichimec city, 26, 47;
rivalry with Azcapozalco, 49;
its hegemony, 49;
conquered by Tecpanecs, 51;
allied with Aztecs, 52;
Tezcatlipoca the tribal god, 59;
the story of Nezahualcoyotl, the prince of, 125-128.
II. Lake, 26;
in legend of the foundation of Mexico, 28;
the cities upon, 47, 49-50
Tezozomoc, F. de A. On Mexican mythology, 58
Theozapotlan. Mexican city, 203
Thlingit. Indian tribe, 83
Thomas, Professor C. Research on Maya writing, 162;
on God L, 176
Thomas, St. The Apostle; Cortés believed to be, 7;
associated with the Maya cross, 187, 275;
and the wooden cross found in the valley of the Chichas, 274
Thonapa. Son of the creator in Peruvian myth; in connection with
stone-worship, 293;
myths of, 319-320
Thunder-god, Peruvian, 299-302
Tiahuanaco. Prehistoric city of the Andeans, 249-250;
the great doorway at, 249;
in a legend of Manco Ccapac, 256;
in Inca creation-myth, 258;
and legend of Thonapa the Civiliser, 293
Tiçotzicatzin. In the story of Princess Papan, 140
Tikal. Maya city; architectural remains at, 196
Titicaca.
I. Lake, 249;
settlements of the Quichua-Aymara on the shores of, 254;
Manco Ccapac and Mama Oullo Huaca descend to earth near, 256;
regarded by Peruvians as place where men and animals were created,
298;
called Mamacota by people of the Collao, 298;
idols connected with, 298-299.
II. Island on Lake Titicaca;
the most sacred of the Peruvian shrines, 270;
ruined palace on, 270;
sacred rock on, the paccarisca of the sun, 293, 309;
sun-worship and the Rock of Titicaca, 309-311;
the Inca Tupac and the Rock, 309-310;
effect on the island of the Inca worship of the Rock, 310;
pilgrimage to, 310-311;
Thonapa on, 320
Titlacahuan. Same as Tezcatlipoca, which see
Titlacahuan-Tezcatlipoca, 123
Tiya-manacu. Town in Peru; Thonapa at, 320
Tlacahuepan. Mexican deity; plots against Quetzalcoatl, 60;
and the legend of the amusing infant and the pestilence, 63-64
Tlachtli. National ball-game of the Nahua and Maya, 33, 220, 224, 227
Tlacopan. Mexican city, 26, 50;
Aztecs allied with, 52
Tlaelquani (Filth-eater). A name of Tlazolteotl, which see
Tlalhuicole. Tlascalan warrior; the story of, 136-138
Tlaloc. The Mexican rain-god,or god of waters, 29, 75;
and the foundation of Mexico, 29;
in association with Huitzilopochtli, 74;
as usually represented, 75-76;
espoused to Chalchihuitlicue, 75;
Tlalocs his offspring, 75;
Kiche god Hurakan his prototype, 76;
manifestations of, 76;
festivals of, 77;
human sacrifice in connection with, 76-77;
and Atamalqualiztli festival, 77-78;
similarities to, in other mythologies, 78
Tlalocan (The Country of Tlaloc). Abode of Tlaloc, 76
Tlalocs. Gods of moisture; and Huemac II, 16;
offspring of Tlaloc, 75
Tlalxicco (Navel of the Earth). Name of the abode of Mictlan, 95
Tlamatzincatl. Same as Tezcatlipoca, which see
Tlapallan (The Country of Bright Colours). Legendary region, 11;
Nahua said to have originated at, 11;
the Toltecs and, 11;
Quetzalcoatl proceeds to, from Tollan, 64-65, 79
Tlapallan, Huehue (Very Old Tlapallan). In Toltec creation-myth, 119
Tlapallantzinco. Place in Mexico; Toltecs at, 12
Tlascala (or Tlaxcallan). Mexican city, 47, 48;
and the "bloodless battle" with Mexico, 48, 98, 99;
decline, 49
Tlascalans. Mexican race, offshoot of the Acolhuans, 26;
helped Cortés against Aztecs, 26, 47
Tlauizcalpantecutli (Lord of the Dawn). Name of the planet Venus;
myth of Quetzalcoatl and, 80, 96;
Quetzalcoatl called, 84;
worship of, 96;
in the Mexican calendar, 96
Tlaxcallan. Same as Tlascala, which see
Tlazolteotl (God of Ordure) (or Tlaelquani). Mexican goddess of
confession, 106-108
Tlenamacac (Ordinary Priests). Lesser order of the Mexican priesthood,
116
Tloque Nahuaque (Lord of All Existence). Toltec deity, 119
Tobacco. Use of, among the Nahua, 45
Tochtepec. Place in Mexico; Toltecs at, 12
Tocitzin (Our Grandmother). See Teteoinnan
Tohil (The Rumbler). Form of Quetzalcoatl, 84;
guides the Kiche-Maya to their first city, 152;
the god assigned to Balam-Quitze in the Kiche myth of the creation,
230;
gives fire to the Kiche, 230-231;
turned into stone, 231
Tollan. Toltec city, modern Tula; founded, 13, 26;
its magnificence, 14;
afflicted by the gods, 16-17;
Huehuetzin's rebellions, 18, 19;
overthrown, 19;
Charnay's excavations at, 34;
Tezcatlipoca and the overthrow of, 60;
Quetzalcoatl leaves, 64, 79
Tollantzinco. City of the Acolhuans, 48;
Toltecs at, 12
Toltecs. First Nahua immigrants to Mexico, 11;
whether a real or a mythical race, 11, 20-22;
at Tlapallan, 11, 12;
migration route, 12;
their migration a forced one, 12;
imaginative quality of their myths, 13;
elect a king, 14;
progress in arts and crafts, 14, 23;
under plagues, 17;
their empire destroyed, 19, 20;
and the civilisation of Central America, 20;
Dr. Brinton's theory, 21;
Quetzalcoatl king of, 21;
possible influence upon Nahua civilisation, 22;
Acolhuans may have been, 26;
Tezcatlipoca opposes, and plots against, 60-65;
and creation-myth recounted by Ixtlilxochitl, 119;
theory that the Maya were, 143
Tonacaciuatl (Lady of our Flesh). A name of Omeciuatl, which see
Tonacatecutli (Lord of our Flesh). A name of Ometecutli, which see
Tonalamatl (Book of the Calendar), 107
Torito. A bird-maiden; in the myth of origin of the Canaris, 319
Torquemada, Father. His work on Mexican lore, 57;
on Mitla, 199
Totec (Our Great Chief). A sun-god, 101-102;
his feast, the chief solar festival, 101-102
Totemism. Among the primitive Peruvians, 291-292
Totonacs. Aboriginal Mexican race, 23;
and the sun, 82
Toueyo. Tezcatlipoca's disguise, 61-63
Toveyo. Toltec sorcerer; and the magic drum, 16
Toxcatl. Festival; of Tezcatlipoca, 69-70;
of Huitzilopochtli, 74
Toxilmolpilia. Mexican calendar ceremony; and the native dread of
the last day, 41
Troano Codex. Maya manuscript, 160;
Dr. Le Plongeon and the reference to Queen Móo in, 246
Tucuman (World's End). Name given by the Quichua-Aymara to their land
of origin, 254
Tulan (or Tulan-Zuiva). City; the starting-point of the Kiche
migrations, 157-158, 231;
the Kiche arrive at, and receive their gods, 230;
parallel with the Mexican Chicomoztoc, 230;
the Kiche confounded in their speech at, 231
Tumipampa. Sometime centre of the northern district of Peru, 286,
289, 290
Tupac-atau-huallpa (The Sun makes Good Fortune). Son of Huaina
Ccapac, 289
Tupac-Yupanqui (Bright). Tenth Inca, son of Pachacutic, 252-253,
287-288;
achievements as ruler, 287;
and the Huarcans, 288;
and the Rock of Titicaca, 309-310
Tutul Xius. Ruling caste among the Itzaes; found Ziyan Caan and
Chichen-Itza, 153;
expelled from Chichen-Itza by Cocomes, 153;
settle in Potonchan, build Uxmal, and regain power, 154;
again overthrown, and found Mani, 155;
finally assist in conquering the Cocomes, 156
Tzitzimimes. Demons attendant on Mictlan, 96
Tzompantitlan. Place mentioned in the myth of Huitzilopochtli's
origin, 71
Tzompantli (Pyramid of Skulls). Minor temple of Huitzilopochtli, 31
Tzununiha (House of the Water). One of the first women of the Popol
Vuh myth, 230
Tzutuhils. A Maya people of Guatemala, 158, 159
U
Uayayab. Demon who presided over the nemontemi (unlucky days), 177;
God N identified with, 177
Uemac. Tezcatlipoca and the daughter of, 61-63
Uitzlampa. Place in Mexico; in myth of Huitzilopochtli's origin, 72
Urco-Inca. Inca superseded by Pachacutic, 284
Uricaechea, M. His collection of Chibcha antiquities, 277
Uxmal. Mexican city, founded by Tutul Xius, 154;
abandoned, 155;
ruins at, 191-194;
primitive type of its architecture, 194
V
Vatican MSS., 37;
description of the journey of the soul in, 37-38
Vega, Garcilasso el Inca de la. Hist. des Incas, cited, 7;
on the gods of the early Peruvians, 291
Venus. The planet; worship of, 96-97;
the only star worshipped by Mexicans, 96;
Camaxtli identified with, 111;
temple of, at Cuzco, 262
Vera Cruz. Quetzalcoatl lands at, 6
Verapaz. District in Guatemala, 158
Vetancurt, A. de. On Mexican mythology, 58
Villa-coto. Mountain; in a Peruvian flood-myth, 323-324
Villagutierre, J. de Soto-Mayor. And the prophecy of Chilan Balam, 8
Viollet-le-Duc, E. On the ruined palace at Mitla, 197
Viracocha.
I. Eighth Inca, 284, 318.
II. Peruvian deity;
temple of, at Cacha, 270;
regarded as son of the sun, 306;
worshipped by Quichua-Aymara as a culture hero, and called
Pachayachachic, 307.
III. A higher class of sacred objects of the Peruvians, 294.
IV. Name given to any more than usually sacred being, 301
Vitzillopochtli. Same as Huitzilopochtli; in an Aztec migration-myth,
233
Voc. A bird, the messenger of Hurakan; in Popol Vuh myth, 225
Votan. Maya god, identical with Tepeyollotl; God L probably is, 176
Vukub-Cakix (Seven-times-the-colour-of-fire). A sun-and-moon god
(Dr. Seler); in a Kiche myth recounted in the Popol Vuh, 210-213;
possibly an earth-god, 237
Vukub-Came. One of the rulers of Xibalba, the Kiche Hades, 220,
221, 224
Vukub-Hunapu. Son of Xpiyacoc and Xmucane; in the myth in the second
book of the Popol Vuh, 220-221, 224, 225, 227
W
"Wallum Olum." Records of the Leni-Lenape Indians; a migration-myth
in, resembles Kiche and Aztec myths, 233-234
Wind-Nine-Cave. Mixtec deity; in creation-myth, 120-121, 122
Wind-Nine-Snake. Mixtec deity; in creation-myth, 120-121, 122
Women of the Sun. Women dedicated to the service of the sun in
Peru, 308
Writing. Of the Nahua, 34-35;
of the Maya, 159-166;
Dr. Le Plongeon and the Maya hieroglyphs, 239
X
Xalaquia.
I. Festival of Chicomecohuatl, 86-87.
II. The victim sacrificed at the Xalaquia festival, 87, 90
Xalisco. District in Mexico Toltecs in, 12
Xaltocan. Mexican city, 50
Xan. An animal mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 225
Xaquixahuana. Place in Peru, 284
Xauxa. Place in Peru, 285
Xbakiyalo. Wife of Hunhun-Apu, 220
Xbalanque (Little Tiger). A hero-god, twin with Hun-Apu; in a Kiche
myth, 211-219;
in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220, 223-227;
mentioned, 237
Xecotcovach. Bird in the Kiche story of the creation, 209
Xibalba.
I. A semi-legendary empire of the Maya, 144.
II. The Kiche Hades, "Place of Phantoms"; in the myth in the second
book of the Popol Vuh, 220-222, 225-227;
possible origin of the conception, 229;
properly a "place of the dead," 229;
origin of the name, 229
Xibalbans. In the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 221,
225-227;
the originals of, 228-229;
nature of, 229
Xilonen. Form of Chicomecohuatl, 85
Ximenes, Francisco. Copied and translated the Popol Vuh, 207
Xipe (The Flayed). Mexican god, 91-92;
his dress assumed by Aztec monarchs and leaders, 91-92;
Xolotl has affinities with, 95;
God A thought to resemble, 174
Xiuhtecutli (Lord of the Year). A name of the Mexican fire-god, 95
Xiumalpilli. In Mexican calendar, 40
Xiyan Caan. City in Yucatan, 153
Xmucane (Female Vigour). The mother-god in the Kiche story of the
creation in the Popol Vuh, 209;
in the Vukub-Cakix myth, 212-213;
in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220-225;
equivalent to the Mexican Omeciuatl, 236
Xochicalco (The Hill of Flowers). A teocalli near Tezcuco, 33-34
Xochimilcos. Aztec tribe, 233
Xochipilli. A name of Macuilxochitl, which see
Xochitla. A flower-garden near Tollan; the legend of Tezcatlipoca
and, 63
Xochitonal. Monster in the Mexican Other-world, 38
Xochiyayotl (The War of Flowers). Campaign for the capture of victims
for sacrifice, 98-99, 100
Xolotl.
I. King of the Chichimecs, 20;
Teotihuacan rebuilt by, 33.
II. A sun-god, 93-94;
of southern origin and foreign to Mexico, 93;
probably identical with Nanahuatl, 93;
representative of human sacrifice, 93;
has affinities with Xipe, 93;
representations of, 94
Xpiyacoc. The father god in the Popol Vuh story of the creation, 209;
in the Vukub-Cakix myth, 212-213;
in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220;
equivalent to the Mexican Ometecutli, 236
Xquiq (Blood). A princess of Xibalba, daughter of Cuchumaquiq; in
Popol Vuh myth, 222
Xulu. A sorcerer mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 227
Y
Yacatecutli. Tutelar god of travellers of the merchant class in
Mexico, 114;
the Maya Ekchuah probably parallel with, 177
Yahuarhuaccac. Seventh Inca, 283
Yahuar-pampa (Plain of Blood). Battle of, 285
Yamquisupa. Village; Thonapa and, 319
Yanacaca. Rocks; in a myth of Paricaca, 327
Yaotzin (The Enemy). A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca, 66
Yatiri (The Ruler). Aymara name of Pachacamac in his form of
Pachayachachic; Huaina Ccapac and, 299
Year. The Mexican, 39, 40
Yetl. God of natives of British Columbia, 12;
probably cognate with Quetzalcoatl, 12, 83
Yma Sumac (How Beautiful). Daughter of Curi-Coyllur; in the drama
Apu-Ollanta, 252-253
Yoalli Ehecatl (The Night Wind). A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca, 66
Yohualticitl. A name of Metztli, which see
Yolcuat. Form of Quetzalcoatl, 84
Yopi. Indian tribe; Xipe adopted from, 92
Yucatan. Settlement of the Maya in, 151-152;
architectural remains in, 178
Yucay. Inca ruins at, 269
Yum Kaax (Lord of the Harvest Fields). Maya deity; God E probably
identical with, 174
Yunca. Name given to the tropical and lowland districts of Peru, 255
Yupanqui Pachacutic. Ninth Inca, known also as Pachacutic. See
Pachacutic
Z
Zacatecas. Mexican province, 32
Zapoteca. Aboriginal Mexican race, 23;
builders of Mitla, 31;
their calendric system, 38;
and Quetzalcoatl, 84-85;
creation-myth of, 121-122;
Maya influences transmitted to the Nahua through, 147;
in effect a border people, influenced by and influencing Maya and
Nahua, 147;
of Nahua stock, 147
Zaque. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24
Zipacna (Cockspur or Earth-heaper). Son of Vukub-Cakix; in a Kiche
myth in the Popol Vuh, 211-213, 216
Zippa. A chieftain of the Chibchas, 276
Zoque. A chieftain of the Chibchas, 276
Zotuta. Region in Yucatan inhabited by remnant of Cocomes, 156
Zotzilaha Chimalman. The Maya bat-god, called also Camazotz, 171-172
Zumarraga. Mexican chronicler, 13
Zutugil dialect, 145
NOTES
[1] By Payne in The New World called America, London, 1892-99.
[2] Garcilasso el Inca de la Vega, Hist. des Incas, lib. ix. cap. 15.
[3] See Payne, History of the New World called America,
vol. ii. pp. 373 et seq.
[4] See Spence, Civilisation of Ancient Mexico, chap. ii.
[5] See Civilisation of Ancient Mexico, chap. ii.
[6] Payne, Hist. New World, vol. ii. p. 430.
[7] Unknown Mexico, vol. i., 1902; also see Bulletin 30, Bureau of
American Ethnology, p. 309.
[8] Bulletin 28 of the U.S. Bureau of Ethnology.
[9] See the author's article on "American Creation-Myths" in the
Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, vol. iv.
[10] The suffix tzin after a Mexican name denotes either "lord" or
"lady," according to the sex of the person alluded to.
[11] These words are obviously onomatopoetic, and are evidently
intended to imitate the sound made by a millstone.
[12] See my remarks on this subject in The Popol Vuh, pp. 41, 52
(London, 1908).
[13] Queen Móo and the Egyptian Sphinx (London, 1896).
[14] Sacred things.
[15] Skinner's State of Peru, p. 313 (1805).
[16] This is the name by which he is generally alluded to in Peruvian
history.
[17] Skinner, State of Peru, p. 275.
[18] Skinner, State of Peru, pp. 271 et seq.
[19] See Spence, article "Brazil" in Encyclopædia of Religion and
Ethics, vol. ii.
End of Project Gutenberg's The Myths of Mexico & Peru, by Lewis Spence