Disliked by Hastings, 133.
Used as a tool, 135.
Accuses Hastings before the Council, 150.
Seized on charge of felony, and convicted, 153.
His execution, 155.
Oates, Titus, his plot, ii. 321-326.
Ochino, Bernardo, sermons by, ii. 369.
Ode to the Virgin, Petrarch's, i. 32.
Old Bachelor, Congreve's, iii. 81.
Oligarchy, has proved universally pernicious, i. 64.
Omichund, his position in India, ii. 709.
His treachery toward Clive, 711-717.
Omnipresence of the Deity, Montgomery's, criticised, i. 556.
Orange, William, Prince of, ii. 537.
The only hope of his country, 542.
His success against the French 543.
His marriage with the Lady Mary, 550.
See William III.
Orators, On the Athenian, i. 40-55.
Oratory, excellence to which it attained at Athens, i. 45.
Circumstances favorable to that result, 46.
Principles upon which it is to be estimated, 49.
Causes of the difference between English and Athenian orators, 50.
History of, at Athens, 51.
Speeches of the ancients, as transmitted to us by Thucydides, 52.
Period during which it flourished most at Athens, 52.
Coincidence between the progress of the art of war and that of
oratory, 54.
Orme, his work on India, ii. 671.
Orsini, Princess, ii. 154, 155, 169.
Osborne, Sir Peter, and Sir William Temple, ii. 511.
Ossian, poems of, utterly condemned, i. 20.
Ostracism in Athens, i. 64.
Oude, Hastings's dealings with the Prince of, iii. 137.
Monetary demands on, 188.
Begums of, plundered, 191.
Overbury, Sir Thomas, ii. 436, 438.
Oxford, University of, inferior to that of Cambridge, in intellectual
activity, ii. 364.
Painting, causes of its decline, in England after the civil wars,
ii. 199.
Paley, cited, i. 660. Mr. Gladstone on, ii. 605.
Papacy, its antiquity, iii. 2.
Triumph at the Reformation due to public opinion, 25.
Papists and Protestants, line of demarcation between, ii. 380.
Paradise Lost, Milton's, i. 99.
Parker, Archbishop, ii. 89.
Parliament, recent demands on, i. 377.
Reform of, demanded, 378.
Parliament of James I., ii. 13, 14.
Of Charles I., his first, 15, 16.
His second, 17.
Its dissolution, 18.
His fifth, 31.
Effect of the publication of its proceedings, 220.
Parliament, the Long, its actions justified, i. 116.
Convened, 306.
Early measures approved, 316.
Attempt to seize five of its members, 318.
Loyal tendency of, 319.
Loyalists in, 320.
Attitude at the beginning of the war, 329.
Nineteen propositions of, 331.
Claims control of the militia, 333.
Its errors, 335.
Inclined to half measures at first, 338.
Growth of military party in, 339.
Gets into the hands of the army, 340.
Its first meeting, ii. 36.
Recapitulation of its acts, 37.
Its attainder of Strafford defended, 39, 40.
Sends Hampden to Edinburgh to watch the king, 41.
Refuses to surrender the members ordered to be impeached, 45.
Openly defies the king, 49.
Its conditions of reconciliation, 53.
Pascal, Blaise, ii. 590.
"Patriots, The," in opposition to Sir Robert Walpole, ii. 219.
Their remedies for state evils, 220-222.
Paulet, Sir Amias, ii. 373.
Peacham, Rev. Mr., his treatment by Bacon, ii. 405.
Peel, Sir Robert, i. 701.
Peerage, Sadler's assertion of its sterility refuted, i. 633, 684.
Pelham, Henry, his character, ii. 228.
His death, 260.
Pelhams, the, their ascendency, ii. 227.
Their accession to power, 255.
Feebleness of the opposition to them, 257.
Peninsular War, Southey's, i. 500.
People, the, in the 17th and 19th centuries, i. 543, 544.
Their welfare disregarded in partition treaties, ii. 141, 142.
Pepys, Samuel, praises the Triple Alliance, ii. 536, note.
Pericles, his eloquence, i. 53.
Distributes gratuities to Athenian tribunals, ii. 431.
Perier, J. V., his translation of Machiavelli, i. 140.
Peterborough, Earl of, his expedition to Spain, ii. 159.
His character, 159, 171.
His successes on the northeast coast of Spain, 161-166.
His retirement to Valencia thwarted, 170.
Returns to Valencia as a volunteer, 170.
His recall to England, 171.
Petion, the Girondist, iii. 523.
His unfortunate end, 527.
Saint Just's speech on his guilt, 528.
"Petition of Right," enactment of the, ii. 17.
Violated by Charles I., 17, 27.
Petrarch, influence of his poems on the literature of Italy, i. 5, 6.
Celebrity as a writer, 23.
His amatory verses, 25.
Causes co-operating to spread his renown, 26, 27.
His coronation at Rome, 28, 29.
His poetical powers, 30.
His genius, 31.
Paucity of his thoughts, 31.
His energy when speaking of the wrongs and degradation of Italy, 32.
His poems on religious subjects, 32.
Prevailing defect of his best compositions, 33.
His imitators, 34.
His sonnets, 35.
Remarks on his Latin writings, 36.
Phalaris, Letters of, controversy upon their merits and genuineness,
ii. 592-596.
Philip II. of Spain, extent and splendor of his empire, ii. 130.
Philip III. of Spain, his accession, ii. 148.
His character, 148-150.
His choice of a wife, 154.
Obliged to fly from Madrid, 166.
Surrender of his arsenal and ships at Carthagena, 167.
Defeated at Almenara, and again driven from Madrid, 173.
Forms a close alliance with his late competitor, 183.
Quarrels with France; value of his renunciation of the crown of
France, 184.
Philip, Duke of Orleans, regent of France, ii. 118-120.
Compared with Charles II. of England, 119, 120.
Philips, Ambrose, friend of Addison, iii. 438.
Philips, Sir Robert, ii. 425.
Philosophical Church, the, iii. 39.
Its philanthropic tendency, 39.
Its extravagance, 42.
Philosophy, ancient, its characteristics, ii. 445.
Its stationary character, 449, 465.
Its alliance with Christianity, 452, 453.
Its fall, 453.
Its merits compared with the Baconian, 465-469.
Reason of its barrenness, 482.
Philosophy, moral, its relation to the Baconian system, ii. 472.
Philosophy, natural, the light in which it was viewed by the ancients,
ii. 445-452.
New features of Bacon's, 455.
Pilgrim's Progress, Bunyan's, its characteristic peculiarity, i. 745.
Liked by all classes, 746.
Characters real beings, 748.
Not a consistent allegory, 749.
Portrays its author's internal conflicts, 754.
Depicts characters and judicial scenes typical of the time, 756.
Pisistratus, Bacon's comparison of Essex to, ii. 388.
Pitt, William, the elder. _See_ Chatham, Earl of.
Pitt, William, the younger, sides with Hastings at first, iii. 207.
Supports the Benares charge against him, 216.
Motive alleged, 219.
Pius V., a bigot, ii. 662.
Plain Dealer, Wycherley's, its appearance and merit, iii. 70, 79.
Plassey, battle of, ii. 713-715.
Its effect in England, 723.
Plato, never sullen, ii. 359.
Comparison of his views with those of Bacon, 456-469.
His excellence in the art of dialogue, 590.
Plutarch, his school of historical writers, their faults, i. 251.
Out of sympathy with their subjects, 252.
Their cant about patriotism, 254.
Their influence on England slight, 255.
The French affected by, 257; ii. 124.
His evidence of gift-taking by Athenian judges, 431.
His anecdote of a speech by Lysias, 601.
Poetry, semi-civilization most favorable to the creation of, i. 86.
Defined, 89.
Use of the supernatural in, 101, 102.
Application of criticism to, 191.
Need of skill in, 198.
Revivals of, 203.
Its decay retarded in England by the drama, 209.
Meaning of correctness in, 581.
Its object, 587.
Its imitation, 588.
Revival of, in England, 591.
Byron's share in its revival, 594.
Pole, Cardinal, ii. 69.
Politian, quoted, ii. 286.
Political Science, progress of, ii. 300, 307, 303, 355, 356.
Polybius, authenticity his only merit as an historian, i. 251.
Pondicherry, ii. 686.
Pope, Alexander, first English author to be free of patronage, i. 548.
Deterioration of his school, 591.
Admired by Byron, 594.
Enriched by political favors, 722.
Esteemed by Johnson, 733.
Friendship with Wycherley, iii. 74.
Defends Addison's Cato, 461.
Estranged from Addison, 469.
His character leads to a suspicion of malignity, 473.
Attacks Addison in Atticus, 474.
Popes, the, restraint of, in Italy, i. 145.
Ranke's History of, reviewed, iii. 1-46.
Popish Plot, the, ii. 321-325.
Popoli, Duchess of, saved by the Earl of Peterborough, ii. 164.
Population, theory of excess of, a reflection on the Deity, i. 611.
Sadler's law of, 615.
Disproved by evidence, 617.
Its dependence on wealth, 631.
Further refutation of Sadler's law, 670 _et seq._
Portico, school of the, its doctrines, ii. 450.
Portocarrero, Cardinal, ii. 144-148.
Louis XIV.'s opinion of him, 154.
His disgrace and reconciliation with the Queen Dowager, 167.
Posidonius, on the value of philosophy, ii. 445.
Post Nati, the, great case of, in the Exchequer Chamber, conducted by
Bacon; doubts upon the legality of the decision, ii. 402.
Pragmatic Sanction, agreed to, iii. 257.
Entirely destroyed by Frederic the Great's action, 262.
Prerogative, royal, curtailed by the Revolution, ii. 211.
Bolingbroke proposes to strengthen it, 211. _See_ Crown.
Press, the, emancipation of, i. 369.
Censorship of, in the reign of Elizabeth, ii. 76.
Prince, The, Machiavelli's, i. 176.
Compared to Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws, 180.
Printing, its inventor and the date of its discovery unknown, ii. 452.
Privy Council, Temple's plan for its reconstitution, ii. 553.
Mr. Courtenay's opinion of its absurdity contested, 554-565.
Barillon's remarks upon it, 556.
Progress of mankind, in the political and physical sciences,
ii. 300-306.
In intellectual freedom, 380.
The key of the Baconian doctrine, 445.
How retarded by the unprofitableness of ancient philosophy, 445-472.
Protestantism, early history of, ii. 73, 74.
Its attitude toward private judgment, 643.
Rapid advance of, iii. 14.
Struggle with Catholicism, 25.
Dissension in the ranks of, 28.
Vanquished and humbled, 34.
Productive of prosperity to its adherents, 36.
Non-extension of, remarkable, 45.
Protestant Nonconformists, in the reign of Charles I., intolerance of,
ii. 42.
Protestants and Catholics, relative numbers of, in the 16th century,
ii. 83, 84.
Provence, earliest civilized portion of Western Europe, iii. 9.
Prussia, king of, subsidized by the Pitt and Newcastle ministry,
ii. 278.
Its beginnings, iii. 243.
Becomes a kingdom, 244.
Condition of, under Frederic the Great, 275.
Fearful devastation of, in the Seven Years' War, 329.
Prynne, pilloried and mutilated, ii. 23, 29.
Public opinion, power of, ii. 209.
Public spirit, an antidote against bad government, ii. 78.
A safe-guard against legal oppression, 79.
Puffing, used to float poor books, i. 549.
Method employed, 550.
Discreditable to the author puffed, 552.
Its effect, 553.
Pulteney, William, his opposition to Walpole, ii. 213, 239.
Moved the address to the king on the marriage of the Prince of
Wales, 246.
His unpopularity, 253.
Accepts a peerage, 254.
Puritans, absurd and brilliant characteristics of, i. 128-132.
Theatres closed by, 209.
Persecution of, by Elizabeth, inexcusable, 295.
Their persecution by Charles I., ii. 22.
Settlement in America, 29.
Blamed for calling in the Scots, 34.
Defended against this accusation, 34, 35.
Difficulty and peril of their leaders, 44.
The austerity of their manners drove many to the royal standard,
55.
Their position at the close of the reign of Elizabeth, 380.
Pym, John, intimate with Hampden, ii. 31.
His influence, 36.
His impeachment ordered by the King, 45.
Lady Carlisle's warning to him, 46.
Pynsent, Sir William, his legacy to Chatham, iii. 645.
Quebec, conquest of, by Wolfe, ii. 276.
Quintilian, as a critic, i. 42.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, ii. 94.
His position at court at the close of Elizabeth's reign, 383.
His execution, 413.
Ramus, ii. 455.
Ranke, Leopold, review of his History of the Popes, iii. 1-46.
His qualifications as an historian, 1, 44.
Red-haired people, might be forced into the attitude of the Jews
toward governments, i. 649.
Reform Bill, ii. 268.
Conduct of its opponents, 336.
Reformation, the, spirit of, in Europe, i. 296.
In England, 297.
Its immediate effect upon political liberty in England, ii. 8.
Analogy between it and the French Revolution, 71.
Its effect upon the Church of Rome, 138.
Vacillation which it produced in English legislation, 364.
Progress of, in northern Europe, iii. 14.
In Italy, 15.
In Spain, 16.
Effect of, on the Catholic Church, 22.
Degenerates into a political contest, 35.
Reformers, always unpopular in their own age, ii. 303.
Regium Donum, ii. 654.
Religion, of the English, in the 16th century, ii. 85-89.
Injurious influence of Louis XIV. on, 118, 119.
Natural and revealed, does not admit of progress, iii. 4.
Remedies of Good and Evil Fortune, Petrarch's, i. 37.
Revolution of 1688, i. 366.
Review of Mackintosh's History of, ii. 283-356.
Revolution, the French, social and political consequences of, ii. 71,
72, 99-101, 296, 297.
Terms in which it is spoken of by M. Dumont, 98-103, 294.
Compared with the English and with the American, 107, 122-124.
The first and second, 108-110.
Warnings which preceded it, 112-122.
Richardson, Samuel, dependent on his shop for support, i. 723.
Richelieu, Duke of, captures Minorca, ii. 266.
His frivolity and vice, iii. 312.
Robertson, Dr., sometimes misplaced words ludicrously, ii. 477.
Robinson, Sir Thomas, leader of the House of Commons, ii. 262, 263.
Rockingham, Marquess of, leader of the independent Whigs, iii. 654.
Becomes first Lord of the Treasury, 655.
Brings Burke to his side, 656.
Action on the Stamp Act, 658.
Carries the repeal, 663.
Dismissed, 667.
Moderation toward the new government, 672.
Attitude toward Chatham, 680.
Roe, Sir Thomas, advises the East India Company, ii. 737.
Rohillas, their courage and independence, iii. 139.
Conquered for the Prince of Oude by British troops, 141.
Roland, Madame, dying words of, ii. 100.
Execution of, iii. 533.
Rome, its lack of progress in political science, i. 265.
Exclusive spirit of, 266.
Under the tutelage of Greece only, 267.
Literary torpor induced by despotism, 269.
Only broken by the barbarian invasions, 271.
Bribery at, ii. 431, 432.
Rome, Church of, its encroaching disposition, ii. 322.
Its policy, 334.
Remarkable history of, iii. 2.
Rebellion against in Provence, 9.
Lollard movement against, 13.
The great reformation, 14.
Internal purification of, 18.
New enthusiasm in, 22.
Its contest with Protestantism, 24.
Superb organization of, 29.
Its utilization of enthusiasts, 30.
Degenerates again from its highest standard, 35.
Its territorial limit, 36.
Fourth attack on, 38.
Its calamities during the French Revolution, 42.
Again regained its position, 44.
Rooke, Sir George, Rear Admiral, captures Gibraltar, ii. 158.
Fights with a French squadron near Malaga and returns to England,
159.
Rosamond, opera of, Addison's, iii. 431.
Rousseau, Horace Walpole's opinion of, ii. 198.
Royalists, their good qualities, i. 132.
Many of them friends of the constitution, 328.
Rulers, theoretical tendency of, i. 390.
Effect of public opinion on, 392.
Rupert, Prince, ii. 48, 58.
His encounter with Hampden at Chalgrove, 59.
Russell, Lord William, his conduct in the Council, ii. 581.
His death, 584.
Russia, joins Maria Theresa against
Prussia, iii. 294.
Goes over to Prussia, 327.
Rutland, Earl of, his character, ii. 423.
Ruyter, Admiral de, in danger of assassination, ii. 542.
Sackville, Earl of (16th century), ii. 93.
Sackville, Lord George, ii. 728.
Sadler, Michael Thomas, his Law of Population reviewed, i. 608-640.
His ranting style, 608.
Deems the asserted evil of superfecundity a reflection on the Deity,
611.
Attempts to distinguish this from other evils, 613.
His law of population, 615.
Misuse of mathematical terms, 616.
His law proved false, 618.
Danger of attaching such theories to religion, 621.
His law at most merely a theory of superfecundity, 623.
Evidence entirely against him, 624-627.
Connection between fecundity and wealth, 631.
Unfounded assertion of the sterility of the Peerage, 632.
His conclusions with regard to the United States, 636.
His ideas on their population, 637.
His faults summarized, 640.
His Refutation refuted, 656-690.
His motto ridiculed, 656.
His essay utterly bad, 657.
Tries to evade his attack on Malthus, 659.
His doctrine with regard to evil refuted, 661.
Claims that Malthus charges the Deity with partiality, 663.
Accused of "packing," 670, 680.
His theory disproved by general conditions in France, 670.
And in England, 675.
Especially by conditions in English towns, 680.
His further deductions from the fecundity of the nobility, 684.
General remarks on his work, 690.
St. John, Henry, his accession to power in 1712, ii. 177, 186.
_See_ Bolingbroke, Lord.
St. John, Oliver, counsel against Charles I.'s writ for ship-money,
ii. 28, 32-34.
Made Solicitor-General, 40.
St. Louis, his persecution of heretics, ii. 432.
St. Maloes, ships burnt in the harbor of, ii. 276.
Saint Simon, cited, ii. 116, 184.
Sallust, characteristics of, as an historian, i. 259.
His Conspiracy of Catiline criticised, 260.
His character and genius, ii. 358.
Samson Agonistes, modelled on the Greek Drama, i. 95.
Satan, Montgomery's, worse than his other poor poems, i. 566.
Schitab Roy, ii. 133.
Scotland, cruelties of James II. in, ii. 331.
Establishment of the Kirk in, 345, 639.
Scots, the, effects of their resistance to Charles I., ii. 30, 31.
Scott, Major, selected by Hastings as his champion in Parliament,
iii. 205.
Challenges Burke to an impeachment, 213.
Scott, Sir Walter, i. 594.
His error in Peveril of the Peak, 599.
Sedley, Catherine, ii. 340.
Seneca, his work On Anger, ii. 446.
His claims as a philosopher, 447.
His work on natural philosophy, 451.
The Baconian system in reference to, 482.
Seven Years' War, how brought about, iii. 294.
Saxony overrun by Prussians, 304.
Battle of Lowositz, 304.
Bohemia invaded, 305.
Battle at Kolin, 306, 307.
French defeated by Frederic at Rosbach, 313.
Austrians at Leuthen, 314.
Russians at Zorndorf, 318.
Frederic repulsed at Hochkirchen by the Austrians, 319.
At Kunersdorf, 322.
Prussian victories at Lignitz and Torgau, 325.
Political changes in the coalition, 326.
End of, 328.
Shaftesbury, Lord, allusion to, ii. 508.
His character, 568-573.
Contrasted with Halifax, 574-576.
Shakespeare, his lack of critical power, i. 205.
His correctness considered, 582, 584.
Revival of, 591.
His partiality for friars, ii. 88.
Allusion to, 94.
His character-drawing, iii. 383.
Shelley, the poet, his strong imagination, i. 748.
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, his speech charging Hastings with
the spoliation of the Begums, iii. 220.
Speaks on the same subject at the trial, 228.
Ship-money, question of its legality, ii. 27.
Silesia, occupied by Frederic, iii. 263.
Ceded to Prussia by Maria Theresa, 267.
Skinner, Cyriac, i. 83.
Slavery, evils of, i. 71.
Smith, Adam, ii. 751.
Smollett, his judgment on Lord Carteret, ii. 226.
His satire on the Duke of Newcastle, 229.
Socrates, his views on the uses of astronomy, ii. 459.
Somers, Lord Chancellor, cooperates with Montague to encourage
literature, iii. 409.
Loses power, 422.
Returns to the Council, 432.
Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of, his fall, ii. 410.
Southampton, Earl of, ii. 399, 400.
Southey, Robert, his Colloquies on Society reviewed, i. 496-545.
Their dulness, 496.
Lack of logic, 498.
His other works discussed, 499.
His style and bitterness toward opponents, 501.
His political system a matter of feeling, 503.
Hatred of the manufacturing system, 508.
Acknowledges, ignorance of political economy, 512.
His misunderstanding of credit, 513.
Views on the national debt, 514.
On public works, 517.
Claims that all government rests on religion, 520.
His advocacy of paternalism, 522.
Of religious uniformity, 526.
Feeling with regard to Catholics, 530.
On the happiness of the common people, 533.
Believes a people may be too rich, 540.
His gloomy prophecy for the future, 541.
His Life of Bunyan, 743.
Spain, review of Lord Mahon's War of the Succession in, ii. 128-186.
Her state under Philip, 131.
Her literature during the 16th century, 133.
Her state a century later, 134.
Effect produced on her by bad government, 137.
By the Reformation, 139; iii. 16.
Her disputed succession, ii. 140.
The Partition Treaty, 141-143.
Conduct of the French toward her, 143, 144.
How affected by the death of Charles, 148 _et seq._
Sparre, the Dutch general, ii. 156.
Sparta, dearth of eminent men in, i. 64.
Its stability not to be admired, 65.
Its public perfidy, 66.
Domestic unreasonableness, 67.
Slavery in, 72.
Stanhope, Earl of, ii. 238.
Stanhope, General, ii. 163.
Commands in Spain (1707), 172-175.
Star Chamber, the, ii. 23, 29, 34. Abolished, 38.
Staremberg, the imperial general in Spain (1707), ii. 172, 175.
State Trials, ii. 324, 348.
Steele, Richard, character of, iii. 439.
Starts the Tatler, 442, 443.
Retained in office under pledge of neutrality between the parties,
452.
Starts the Spectator, 452.
The Guardian, 457.
The Englishman, 463.
His estrangement from Addison, 479.
Publishes the Plebeian attacking the Peerage Bill, 481.
Stewart, Dugald, i. 43; ii. 372.
Strafford, Earl of, his impeachment, i. 307.
His arbitrary plans, 308.
Justice of his attainder considered, 310.
Hallam's view of his punishment, 312.
Kindness of Parliament to his children, 314.
Treachery of Charles I. to, 315.
His character, ii. 24-26.
His impeachment, attainder, and execution, 37.
Defence of the proceedings against him, 39.
Sublime, Longinus on the, discussion of, by Burke and Dugald Stewart,
i. 43.
Suetonius, quoted, ii. 12, 13.
Suffrage, universal, utilitarians in favor of, i. 486.
Sujah Dowlah, Nabob Vizier of Oude, buys Allahabad and Corah from
Hastings, iii. 137.
Covets Rohilcund, 139.
Helped in conquering it by British troops, 141.
Sulivan, Mr., chairman of the India Company, his character, ii. 732.
His relation to Clive, 736.
Sumner, Charles R., translator of
Milton's Treatise on Christian Doctrine, i. 83.
Sunderland, Earl of, ii. 238.
Surajah Dowlah, Viceroy of Bengal, his character, ii. 702.
The monster of the Black Hole, 703, 704.
Defeated by Clive at Plassey, 714.
His flight and death, 716, 720.
Investigation by the House of Commons into the circumstances of his
deposition, 754.
Sweden, a member of the Triple Alliance, ii. 533.
Swift, Jonathan, his position at Sir William Temple's, ii. 586.
His wit compared to Addison's, iii. 445.
Dreads Addison's wit, 451.
Becomes his friend, 465.
Sydney, Algernon, reproaches the sheriffs on the scaffold, ii. 350.
Sydney, Sir Philip, ii. 93.
Syllogistic process, analysis of, by Aristotle, ii. 478.
Tacitus, greatest Latin historian, i. 261.
Excellence of his characterization, 262.
Talleyrand, his fine perception of character, ii. 507.
Tasso, his Secchia Rapita characterized, i. 6.
Temple, Lord, First Lord of the Admiralty in the Duke of Devonshire's
administration, ii. 268.
His parallel between Byng's behavior at Minorca and the king's
behavior at Oudenarde, 270.
Head of a Whig faction, iii. 599.
Resigns with Pitt, 616.
Reputation for underhand work, 627.
Persuades Pitt not to succeed Grenville, 650.