┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────_Women in the factory

│ 1. │ 4. │ 5. │ 6. │

│ _Date of_ │ _Nature of │ _Chief │ _Remarks._ │

│ │Injuries to be │ Preventive │ │

│ │ Prevented._ │ Measures │ │

│ │ │Imposed by the│ │

│ │ │Regulations._ │ │

│ │ │ │ │

├──────────────┬──────────────┼───────────────┼──────────────┼───────────────┤

│_Certificate._│_Regulations._│ „ │ „ │ „ │

├──────────────┼──────────────┼───────────────┼──────────────┼───────────────┤

│=1.= Feb. 24, │Dec. 19, 1921.│Injury to life │(_a_) Machines│First certified│

│ 1921. │ │and limb from │to be so │Sept., 1896. │

│ │ │fragments of │constructed, │Special rules │

│ │ │bursting │placed, and │dated Aug., │

│ │ │bottles. │fenced as to │1897, were │

│ │ │Injury to │prevent │superseded by │

│ │ │health from │accident from │these │

│ │ │wet. │bursting │Regulations, │

│ │ │ │bottles. │1921. │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Face and│ │

│ │ │ │eye guards, │ │

│ │ │ │hand and arm │ │

│ │ │ │guards, to be │ │

│ │ │ │supplied to │ │

│ │ │ │the workers │ │

│ │ │ │and worn by │ │

│ │ │ │them. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) │ │

│ │ │ │Waterproof │ │

│ │ │ │aprons, boots,│ │

│ │ │ │and clogs to │ │

│ │ │ │be supplied. │ │

│=2.= May 9, │ │Eczematous │_Note._—There │Formerly │

│ 1892. │ │eruptions. │are no │included in │

│ │ │Gastro- │regulations at│Special Rules │

│ │ │intestinal │present, but │for Paints and │

│ │ │symptoms. │under Factory │Colours, which │

│ │ │ │and Workshop │were revised in│

│ │ │ │Act, 1901, │1907 for Lead │

│ │ │ │Sects. 74 and │risks only. │

│ │ │ │75, mechanical│(See No. 30.) │

│ │ │ │ventilation │ │

│ │ │ │must be │ │

│ │ │ │provided to │ │

│ │ │ │prevent │ │

│ │ │ │inhalation of │ │

│ │ │ │injurious │ │

│ │ │ │dust, vapour, │ │

│ │ │ │etc., and │ │

│ │ │ │washing │ │

│ │ │ │conveniences │ │

│ │ │ │must be │ │

│ │ │ │provided; and │ │

│ │ │ │persons are │ │

│ │ │ │excluded from │ │

│ │ │ │workroom where│ │

│ │ │ │arsenic gives │ │

│ │ │ │rise to dust, │ │

│ │ │ │and provision │ │

│ │ │ │for meals must│ │

│ │ │ │be made │ │

│ │ │ │elsewhere. │ │

│=3.= Aug. 26, │Dec. 30, 1908.│Profound │(_a_) Removal │Special Rules, │

│ 1907. │ │changes in the │or prevention │1908, rendered │

│ │ │condition of │of fumes or │obsolete by │

│ │ │the blood. │dust. │Chemicals, No. │

│ │ │Muscular and │(_b_) │9. │

│ │ │nerve │Effective │ │

│ │ │affections; eye│ventilation. │ │

│ │ │affections. │(_c_) │ │

│ │ │ │Overalls, │ │

│ │ │ │gloves, clogs,│ │

│ │ │ │supplied to │ │

│ │ │ │workers. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Lavatories, │ │

│ │ │ │baths, and │ │

│ │ │ │prohibition of│ │

│ │ │ │meals in │ │

│ │ │ │workrooms. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) Medical │ │

│ │ │ │examination │ │

│ │ │ │and power of │ │

│ │ │ │suspension. │ │

│=4.= June 6, │June 26, 1908.│Brass casters’ │(_a_) │First certified│

│ 1907. │ │ague or fever. │Exclusion of │July 10, 1896. │

│ │ │ │female workers│Special Rules, │

│ │ │ │from casting │dated 1896, │

│ │ │ │shop. │were rendered │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Exhaust │obsolete by │

│ │ │ │ventilation │these │

│ │ │ │for removal of│Regulations, │

│ │ │ │fumes at │1908. │

│ │ │ │points of │ │

│ │ │ │origin. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Washing │ │

│ │ │ │accommodation.│ │

│=5.= Oct. 29, │ │Ulceration of │_Note._— │Draft │

│ 1910. │ │skin. │Precautions │Regulations │

│ │ │Epitheliomatous│voluntarily │withdrawn, │

│ │ │cancer. │adopted by │1913, after │

│ │ │Eye troubles. │employers, │Public Enquiry │

│ │ │ │_i.e._— │and on the │

│ │ │ │(_a_) │voluntary │

│ │ │ │Prevention of │adoption by │

│ │ │ │escape of dust│occupiers of │

│ │ │ │by boxing-in │precautions in │

│ │ │ │elevators. │Column 5. │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Exhaust │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation │ │

│ │ │ │for removal of│ │

│ │ │ │dust. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing; │ │

│ │ │ │goggles. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Cloakroom. │ │

│=6.= March 7, │ April 16, │Respiratory │(_a_) Exhaust │ │

│ 1911. │ 1912. │irritation. │ventilation │ │

│ │ │Gastric │and appliances│ │

│ │ │disturbance. │to prevent │ │

│ │ │ │escape of dust│ │

│ │ │ │into the air │ │

│ │ │ │of the room. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing │ │

│ │ │ │supplied to │ │

│ │ │ │workers. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Washing │ │

│ │ │ │accommodation │ │

│ │ │ │and place for │ │

│ │ │ │outdoor │ │

│ │ │ │clothing. │ │

│=7.= Oct. 6, │ │Injury to life │(_a_) │In draft June, │

│ 1921. │ │or limb. │Provision and │1922. │

│ │ │Plumbism. │maintenance of│ │

│ │ │ │suitable │ │

│ │ │ │scaffolding of│ │

│ │ │ │sound │ │

│ │ │ │material. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) │ │

│ │ │ │Efficient │ │

│ │ │ │lighting of │ │

│ │ │ │working places│ │

│ │ │ │and │ │

│ │ │ │approaches. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Special │ │

│ │ │ │safeguards for│ │

│ │ │ │working on │ │

│ │ │ │roofs. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Safeguards for│ │

│ │ │ │use of │ │

│ │ │ │hoisting │ │

│ │ │ │appliances, │ │

│ │ │ │cranes, etc. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) Fencing │ │

│ │ │ │of machinery │ │

│ │ │ │and safety │ │

│ │ │ │provisions for│ │

│ │ │ │boilers. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) │ │

│ │ │ │Provision for │ │

│ │ │ │painters and │ │

│ │ │ │plumbers of │ │

│ │ │ │washing │ │

│ │ │ │facilities; │ │

│ │ │ │prohibition of│ │

│ │ │ │taking meals │ │

│ │ │ │and of │ │

│ │ │ │depositing │ │

│ │ │ │clothing in │ │

│ │ │ │workshop; │ │

│ │ │ │moist method │ │

│ │ │ │to be adopted │ │

│ │ │ │for rubbing │ │

│ │ │ │down or │ │

│ │ │ │scraping │ │

│ │ │ │painted │ │

│ │ │ │surfaces │ │

│ │ │ │containing │ │

│ │ │ │lead. │ │

│=8.= April 24,│Nov. 28, 1921.│Injury to life │(_a_) │ │

│ 1914. │ │or health from │Limitation of │ │

│ │ │fire. │the amount of │ │

│ │ │ │material or of│ │

│ │ │ │finished │ │

│ │ │ │articles │ │

│ │ │ │allowed in │ │

│ │ │ │workrooms or │ │

│ │ │ │on the │ │

│ │ │ │premises. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Method │ │

│ │ │ │of storage │ │

│ │ │ │prescribed. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) │ │

│ │ │ │Precautions │ │

│ │ │ │respecting │ │

│ │ │ │lights, │ │

│ │ │ │stoves, │ │

│ │ │ │smoking, use │ │

│ │ │ │of sealing │ │

│ │ │ │wax. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) Means of│ │

│ │ │ │escape and of │ │

│ │ │ │extinguishing │ │

│ │ │ │fire. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Competent │ │

│ │ │ │person to │ │

│ │ │ │supervise and │ │

│ │ │ │enforce the │ │

│ │ │ │regulations. │ │

│=9.= Dec. 14, │ │Burns, etc., by│(_a_) Fencing │In draft June, │

│ 1920. │ │falling into │of vats and │1922. │

│ │ │vats, etc., of │gangways, etc.│First certified│

│ │ │acid. │(_b_) Adequate│April 24, 1892.│

│ │ │“Gassing.” │lighting. │Special Rules │

│ │ │Respiratory │(_c_) │to be │

│ │ │affections from│Breathing │superseded by │

│ │ │irritant dust. │apparatus, │these │

│ │ │Inflammation of│oxygen, etc., │Regulations. │

│ │ │eyes and other │for rescue in │ │

│ │ │eye injuries. │case of │ │

│ │ │Injuries due to│“gassing.” │ │

│ │ │explosions. │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing │ │

│ │ │ │supplied to │ │

│ │ │ │workers. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) Exhaust │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation │ │

│ │ │ │and prevention│ │

│ │ │ │of escape of │ │

│ │ │ │dust from │ │

│ │ │ │certain │ │

│ │ │ │machines. │ │

│=10.= June 27,│Aug. 15, 1913.│Peculiar │(_a_) │Special Rules, │

│ 1913. │ │lesions, │Exclusion of │1900, were │

│ │ │erosion of │persons under │superseded by │

│ │ │septum of the │18. │these │

│ │ │nose, and │(_b_) Removal │Regulations, │

│ │ │chronic │or prevention │1913, and these│

│ │ │ulceration of │of steam and │to be revoked │

│ │ │the skin. │dust. │by Chemical │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Lighting│Regulations. │

│ │ │ │and fencing of│(See No. 9.) │

│ │ │ │vats, etc. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing and │ │

│ │ │ │respirators │ │

│ │ │ │supplied. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Cloakroom, │ │

│ │ │ │lavatory, │ │

│ │ │ │baths, │ │

│ │ │ │provided. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) Medical │ │

│ │ │ │examination │ │

│ │ │ │and power of │ │

│ │ │ │suspension. │ │

│ │ │ │(_g_) First- │ │

│ │ │ │aid for │ │

│ │ │ │treatment of │ │

│ │ │ │small ulcers. │ │

│ │ │ │(_h_) Daily │ │

│ │ │ │cleaning │ │

│ │ │ │floors, │ │

│ │ │ │stairs, etc. │ │

│=11.= │Dec. 21, 1911.│Ill health and │(_a_) │These │

│ │ │discomfort. │Hygrometrical │Regulations │

│ │ │ │control. │were made under│

│ │ │ │(_b_) Humidity│the Cotton │

│ │ │ │tables and │Cloth Factories│

│ │ │ │temperature │Act, 1911. │

│ │ │ │limit. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Chemical│ │

│ │ │ │and volume │ │

│ │ │ │standard of │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Purification │ │

│ │ │ │of water for │ │

│ │ │ │steam. │ │

│=12.= Sept. │Oct. 28, 1904.│Injury to life │(_a_) │ │

│ 30, 1902. │ │and limb by │Exclusion of │ │

│ │ │accident from │boys under 16 │ │

│ │ │machinery, etc.│under certain │ │

│ │ │Drowning, │conditions. │ │

│ │ │falls, etc. │(_b_) Fencing │ │

│ │ │ │of dangerous │ │

│ │ │ │parts, of │ │

│ │ │ │footways, │ │

│ │ │ │gearing, │ │

│ │ │ │motors, etc., │ │

│ │ │ │and │ │

│ │ │ │prohibition of│ │

│ │ │ │interferences │ │

│ │ │ │by │ │

│ │ │ │unauthorised │ │

│ │ │ │persons. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Lighting│ │

│ │ │ │of dangerous │ │

│ │ │ │places at │ │

│ │ │ │night. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Provision of │ │

│ │ │ │gangways; │ │

│ │ │ │slippery │ │

│ │ │ │stages to be │ │

│ │ │ │sanded. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) Testing │ │

│ │ │ │of chains, │ │

│ │ │ │gear, etc. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) │ │

│ │ │ │Provision for │ │

│ │ │ │rescue from │ │

│ │ │ │drowning. │ │

│=13.= │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │

│=14.= Aug. 3, │Nov. 24, 1903.│Plumbism. │(_a_) │ │

│ 1903. │ │ │Exclusion of │ │

│ │ │ │young persons │ │

│ │ │ │under 18 and │ │

│ │ │ │women from │ │

│ │ │ │manipulation │ │

│ │ │ │of dry │ │

│ │ │ │compounds of │ │

│ │ │ │lead and from │ │

│ │ │ │pasting. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Medical │ │

│ │ │ │examination │ │

│ │ │ │and │ │

│ │ │ │suspension. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) │ │

│ │ │ │Prevention, or│ │

│ │ │ │removal by │ │

│ │ │ │exhaust │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation, │ │

│ │ │ │of dust and │ │

│ │ │ │fumes. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) General │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation │ │

│ │ │ │and ample │ │

│ │ │ │cubic space. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing and │ │

│ │ │ │cloakroom. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) Washing │ │

│ │ │ │facilities. │ │

│=15.= Aug. 9, │Jan. 1, 1909. │Deep and │(_a_) Highly │ │

│ 1907. │ │inflamed burns │technical │ │

│ │ │and destruction│safeguards for│ │

│ │ │of tissue from │construction, │ │

│ │ │continuous │installation, │ │

│ │ │currents. │protection and│ │

│ │ │Sudden arrests │working of │ │

│ │ │of heart’s │apparatus, │ │

│ │ │action or of │conductors, │ │

│ │ │respiration, │motors, │ │

│ │ │violent │switches, etc.│ │

│ │ │muscular │(_b_) │ │

│ │ │contraction │Provision for │ │

│ │ │chiefly from │earthing, │ │

│ │ │alternating │insulating │ │

│ │ │currents. │stands, │ │

│ │ │ │adequate │ │

│ │ │ │space. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) │ │

│ │ │ │Technical │ │

│ │ │ │qualifications│ │

│ │ │ │for operators,│ │

│ │ │ │avoidance of │ │

│ │ │ │solitary │ │

│ │ │ │working. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Instructions │ │

│ │ │ │for treatment │ │

│ │ │ │of the injured│ │

│ │ │ │to be affixed.│ │

│=16.= Sept. │Dec. 22, 1908.│Plumbism. │(_a_) │ │

│ 21, 1908. │ │ │Exclusion of │ │

│ │ │ │young persons │ │

│ │ │ │under 16 years│ │

│ │ │ │of age. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Periodic│ │

│ │ │ │medical │ │

│ │ │ │examination │ │

│ │ │ │with power of │ │

│ │ │ │suspension. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Ample │ │

│ │ │ │cubic space. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Efficient │ │

│ │ │ │lighting. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) Good │ │

│ │ │ │condition of │ │

│ │ │ │floors and │ │

│ │ │ │cleaning of │ │

│ │ │ │same. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) │ │

│ │ │ │Prevention of │ │

│ │ │ │or removal by │ │

│ │ │ │exhaust │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation of│ │

│ │ │ │dust, spray, │ │

│ │ │ │or fumes. │ │

│ │ │ │(_g_) Washing │ │

│ │ │ │facilities. │ │

│=17.= June 6, │Aug. 19, 1902.│Burns and │(_a_) │ │

│ 1902. │ │shock. │Ventilation of│ │

│ │ │ │proofing, and │ │

│ │ │ │stove and │ │

│ │ │ │drying rooms. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) │ │

│ │ │ │Restriction on│ │

│ │ │ │the number of │ │

│ │ │ │wet spirit- │ │

│ │ │ │proofed hats │ │

│ │ │ │per cubic feet│ │

│ │ │ │of air space │ │

│ │ │ │in workroom. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Spirit- │ │

│ │ │ │proofed hats │ │

│ │ │ │to be opened │ │

│ │ │ │out singly and│ │

│ │ │ │exposed before│ │

│ │ │ │placing in │ │

│ │ │ │stoves. │ │

│=18.= Sept. │June 23, 1903.│Plumbism. │(_a_) Cubic │ │

│ 22, 1902. │ │ │space and │ │

│ │ │ │floor space │ │

│ │ │ │prescribed per│ │

│ │ │ │“stock.” │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Flooring│ │

│ │ │ │to be │ │

│ │ │ │substantial, │ │

│ │ │ │washable, and │ │

│ │ │ │in good │ │

│ │ │ │repair. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Good │ │

│ │ │ │general │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) Washing │ │

│ │ │ │facilities. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing to be│ │

│ │ │ │worn. │ │

│=19.= May 11, │Feb. 26, 1906.│Phthisis with │(_a_) │First certified│

│ 1905. │ │dyspnœa and │Maintenance of│Jan. 3, 1894. A│

│ │ │other │prescribed │Departmental │

│ │ │respiratory │standard of │Committee which│

│ │ │trouble. │purity of the │was appointed, │

│ │ │Circulatory and│air. │1911, to │

│ │ │cardiac │(_b_) Exhaust │consider the │

│ │ │oppression from│ventilation │amendment to │

│ │ │moist heat. │for removal of│these │

│ │ │Skin troubles, │dust. │Regulations │

│ │ │eczema, and │(_c_) │reported 1914, │

│ │ │folliculitis. │Hygrometrical │and their │

│ │ │ │control of │recommendations│

│ │ │ │humidity and │were issued as │

│ │ │ │temperature. │an informal │

│ │ │ │(_d_) Purity │draft of │

│ │ │ │of water for │amended │

│ │ │ │humidifying. │Regulation. │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │Further steps │

│ │ │ │Efficient │have not yet │

│ │ │ │splash-boards │been taken. │

│ │ │ │in wet │ │

│ │ │ │spinning. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing and │ │

│ │ │ │respirators to│ │

│ │ │ │be provided. │ │

│ │ │ │(_g_) Sound │ │

│ │ │ │condition of │ │

│ │ │ │floors and │ │

│ │ │ │drainage. │ │

│ │ │ │(_h_) │ │

│ │ │ │Cloakroom │ │

│ │ │ │accommodation.│ │

│=20.= Oct. 14,│Oct. 15, 1909.│Fibroid │(_a_) Removal │ │

│ 1908. │ │phthisis, │of dust by │ │

│ │ │asthma, and │exhaust │ │

│ │ │other │ventilation, │ │

│ │ │respiratory │etc. │ │

│ │ │troubles │(_b_) │ │

│ │ │(excessive │Separation of │ │

│ │ │mortality among│“racing” from │ │

│ │ │grinders). │other │ │

│ │ │Later stages, │processes. │ │

│ │ │frequently │(_c_) │ │

│ │ │tubercular. │Respirators to│ │

│ │ │Eye injuries │be worn while │ │

│ │ │from flying │“racing.” │ │

│ │ │motes and │(_d_) Special │ │

│ │ │sometimes │cleansing of │ │

│ │ │further │floors, belt │ │

│ │ │accidents from │races, and │ │

│ │ │dimmed vision. │walls, │ │

│ │ │ │ceilings, and │ │

│ │ │ │windows. │ │

│=21.= Jan. │Aug. 28, 1907.│Respiratory │(_a_) │ │

│ 29, 1907. │ │troubles. │Maintenance of│ │

│ │ │Tetanus likely │prescribed │ │

│ │ │to follow. │standard of │ │

│ │ │Accidents from │purity of the │ │

│ │ │machinery. │air. │ │

│ │ │Rheumatism │(_b_) Exhaust │ │

│ │ │common. │ventilation │ │

│ │ │ │for removal of│ │

│ │ │ │dust. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Minimum │ │

│ │ │ │temperature in│ │

│ │ │ │certain rooms.│ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Hygrometrical │ │

│ │ │ │control of │ │

│ │ │ │humidity and │ │

│ │ │ │high │ │

│ │ │ │temperature in│ │

│ │ │ │other rooms. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Respirators to│ │

│ │ │ │be provided in│ │

│ │ │ │certain │ │

│ │ │ │processes. │ │

│=22.= Oct. │Dec 29, 1921. │Anthrax │(_a_) First- │First certified│

│ 15, 1920. │ │infection │aid equipment.│June, 1903. The│

│ │ │through │(_b_) │Special Rules, │

│ │ │abrasion of the│Cautionary │1902, were │

│ │ │skin or by │notice │converted into │

│ │ │inhalation of │respecting │Regulations, │

│ │ │infected dust. │anthrax to be │1921. │

│ │ │ │affixed. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Washing │ │

│ │ │ │facilities. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Cloakroom and │ │

│ │ │ │messroom │ │

│ │ │ │accommodation.│ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Provision for │ │

│ │ │ │disinfection │ │

│ │ │ │or destruction│ │

│ │ │ │of wrappers in│ │

│ │ │ │which hides │ │

│ │ │ │and skins have│ │

│ │ │ │been packed │ │

│ │ │ │(in tanneries │ │

│ │ │ │only). │ │

│ │ │ │_Note._—The │ │

│ │ │ │Regulations │ │

│ │ │ │(_a_) and │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) above │ │

│ │ │ │apply to │ │

│ │ │ │docks, │ │

│ │ │ │warehouses, │ │

│ │ │ │and quays, as │ │

│ │ │ │well as │ │

│ │ │ │factories. │ │

│=23.= May 23,│Dec. 20, 1907.│Anthrax. │(_a_) │ │

│ 1907. │ │ │Exclusion of │ │

│ │ │ │persons under │ │

│ │ │ │18 from │ │

│ │ │ │employment on │ │

│ │ │ │material not │ │

│ │ │ │disinfected. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Register│ │

│ │ │ │of prescribed │ │

│ │ │ │particulars of│ │

│ │ │ │disinfection. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Material│ │

│ │ │ │not │ │

│ │ │ │disinfected to│ │

│ │ │ │be stored │ │

│ │ │ │separately, │ │

│ │ │ │and opened and│ │

│ │ │ │sorted │ │

│ │ │ │separately, │ │

│ │ │ │and in │ │

│ │ │ │connection │ │

│ │ │ │with exhaust │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) All │ │

│ │ │ │manipulation │ │

│ │ │ │subsequent to │ │

│ │ │ │opening and │ │

│ │ │ │sorting │ │

│ │ │ │prohibited │ │

│ │ │ │until material│ │

│ │ │ │has been │ │

│ │ │ │disinfected. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Willowing and │ │

│ │ │ │dust- │ │

│ │ │ │extracting │ │

│ │ │ │machines to be│ │

│ │ │ │provided with │ │

│ │ │ │exhaust │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) All dust│ │

│ │ │ │to be │ │

│ │ │ │intercepted │ │

│ │ │ │and burnt. │ │

│ │ │ │(_g_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing to be│ │

│ │ │ │provided and │ │

│ │ │ │respirators. │ │

│ │ │ │(_h_) │ │

│ │ │ │Cloakroom, │ │

│ │ │ │meal rooms, │ │

│ │ │ │and washing │ │

│ │ │ │facilities. │ │

│ │ │ │(_i_) First- │ │

│ │ │ │aid │ │

│ │ │ │requisites. │ │

│ │ │ │(_j_) │ │

│ │ │ │Prohibition of│ │

│ │ │ │work on │ │

│ │ │ │material not │ │

│ │ │ │disinfected if│ │

│ │ │ │having open │ │

│ │ │ │cut or sore. │ │

│ │ │ │(_k_) │ │

│ │ │ │Cautionary │ │

│ │ │ │notice │ │

│ │ │ │respecting │ │

│ │ │ │anthrax to be │ │

│ │ │ │affixed. │ │

│=24.= Dec. 21,│Mar. 31, 1922.│Plumbism. │(_a_) │First certified│

│ 1920. │ │Peripheral │Exclusion of │Dec., 1896. │

│ │ │neuritis or │all young │Special rules │

│ │ │inflammatory │persons under │for vulcanising│

│ │ │condition of │18 and girls │india-rubber by│

│ │ │nerves due to │under 18 from │means of │

│ │ │effects of │any lead │bisulphide of │

│ │ │bisulphide of │process, and │carbon, 1897, │

│ │ │carbon. │of all young │converted into │

│ │ │ │persons and │these │

│ │ │ │women from │Regulations for│

│ │ │ │mixing or │India-rubber, │

│ │ │ │incorporating │1922. │

│ │ │ │dry compound │ │

│ │ │ │of lead with │ │

│ │ │ │rubber. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) │ │

│ │ │ │Exclusion of │ │

│ │ │ │young persons │ │

│ │ │ │under 18 from │ │

│ │ │ │fume process, │ │

│ │ │ │and those │ │

│ │ │ │under 16 from │ │

│ │ │ │a room where │ │

│ │ │ │such process │ │

│ │ │ │is carried on.│ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) │ │

│ │ │ │Limitation of │ │

│ │ │ │employment in │ │

│ │ │ │fume process │ │

│ │ │ │of any person │ │

│ │ │ │for more than │ │

│ │ │ │5 hours a day │ │

│ │ │ │and more than │ │

│ │ │ │2½ hours at a │ │

│ │ │ │time without │ │

│ │ │ │at least 1 │ │

│ │ │ │hour’s │ │

│ │ │ │interval. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) Removal │ │

│ │ │ │of dust and │ │

│ │ │ │fumes by │ │

│ │ │ │exhaust │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation, │ │

│ │ │ │and prevention│ │

│ │ │ │of escape of │ │

│ │ │ │fumes from │ │

│ │ │ │vulcanising │ │

│ │ │ │machines and │ │

│ │ │ │troughs. (_e_)│ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing to be│ │

│ │ │ │provided and │ │

│ │ │ │worn. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) │ │

│ │ │ │Cloakroom and │ │

│ │ │ │messroom │ │

│ │ │ │accommodation.│ │

│ │ │ │(_g_) Washing │ │

│ │ │ │facilities. │ │

│ │ │ │(_h_) Periodic│ │

│ │ │ │medical │ │

│ │ │ │examination │ │

│ │ │ │and power of │ │

│ │ │ │suspension. │ │

│=25.= Sept. 3,│Aug. 23, 1921.│Plumbism. │(_a_) Methods │First certified│

│ 1920. │ │ │of controlling│as dangerous, │

│ │ │ │lead dust │May 9, 1892. │

│ │ │ │prescribed by │These │

│ │ │ │damping, by │Regulations │

│ │ │ │ventilation, │supersede the │

│ │ │ │by careful │Special Rules │

│ │ │ │handling of │for White Lead │

│ │ │ │the materials.│dated June, │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Exhaust │1899. │

│ │ │ │ventilation │ │

│ │ │ │for removing │ │

│ │ │ │fumes or means│ │

│ │ │ │of preventing │ │

│ │ │ │their escape │ │

│ │ │ │into workroom.│ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Periodic│ │

│ │ │ │medical │ │

│ │ │ │examination │ │

│ │ │ │and power of │ │

│ │ │ │suspension. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing │ │

│ │ │ │provided and │ │

│ │ │ │arrangements │ │

│ │ │ │for washing │ │

│ │ │ │same. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Respirators to│ │

│ │ │ │be supplied. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) │ │

│ │ │ │Cloakroom, │ │

│ │ │ │messroom, │ │

│ │ │ │washing │ │

│ │ │ │facilities. │ │

│=26.= Dec. 13,│ Aug. 12, │Plumbism. │(_a_) │ │

│ 1910. │ 1911. │ │Exclusion of │ │

│ │ │ │young persons │ │

│ │ │ │under 16 and │ │

│ │ │ │women from any│ │

│ │ │ │lead process. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) │ │

│ │ │ │Suppression or│ │

│ │ │ │removal of │ │

│ │ │ │dust or fumes │ │

│ │ │ │by exhaust │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation, │ │

│ │ │ │damping, etc. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) │ │

│ │ │ │Provision of │ │

│ │ │ │protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing and │ │

│ │ │ │respirators in│ │

│ │ │ │certain │ │

│ │ │ │processes. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) Periodic│ │

│ │ │ │medical │ │

│ │ │ │examination │ │

│ │ │ │with power of │ │

│ │ │ │suspension. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Exclusion of │ │

│ │ │ │persons from │ │

│ │ │ │furnaces until│ │

│ │ │ │ventilated. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) │ │

│ │ │ │Restriction of│ │

│ │ │ │duration of │ │

│ │ │ │work to 3 │ │

│ │ │ │hours in dry │ │

│ │ │ │flues or │ │

│ │ │ │condensing │ │

│ │ │ │chambers. │ │

│ │ │ │(_g_) │ │

│ │ │ │Provision of │ │

│ │ │ │mealroom, │ │

│ │ │ │clothing, and │ │

│ │ │ │overall │ │

│ │ │ │accommodation,│ │

│ │ │ │washing │ │

│ │ │ │facilities, │ │

│ │ │ │and baths. │ │

│=27.= Aug. │ May 2, 1905. │Injuries to │(_a_) │ │

│ 24, 1906. │ │life and limb. │Technical │ │

│ │ │ │provisions as │ │

│ │ │ │to position, │ │

│ │ │ │and use of │ │

│ │ │ │point rods, │ │

│ │ │ │signal wires, │ │

│ │ │ │condition and │ │

│ │ │ │use of rails, │ │

│ │ │ │supply of │ │

│ │ │ │coupling │ │

│ │ │ │poles, etc. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) │ │

│ │ │ │Provisions │ │

│ │ │ │respecting │ │

│ │ │ │movements of │ │

│ │ │ │persons and of│ │

│ │ │ │locomotives │ │

│ │ │ │and waggons. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) │ │

│ │ │ │Efficient │ │

│ │ │ │lighting after│ │

│ │ │ │dark. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Exclusion of │ │

│ │ │ │young persons │ │

│ │ │ │under 18 from │ │

│ │ │ │employment on │ │

│ │ │ │certain │ │

│ │ │ │capstans and │ │

│ │ │ │as locomotive │ │

│ │ │ │drivers, or as│ │

│ │ │ │a shunter. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protection of │ │

│ │ │ │water gauges │ │

│ │ │ │on boilers │ │

│ │ │ │whether on │ │

│ │ │ │locomotives or│ │

│ │ │ │stationary. │ │

│=28.= June 2,│ │_Note._—The │Special Rules,│ │

│ 1892. │ │White │March 31, │ │

│ │ │Phosphorus │1900, now │ │

│ │ │Prohibition │obsolete, as │ │

│ │ │Act, 1908, │white │ │

│ │ │forbids the use│phosphorus is │ │

│ │ │of white │no longer │ │

│ │ │phosphorus in │allowed in the│ │

│ │ │the manufacture│manufacture. │ │

│ │ │of matches and │ │ │

│ │ │also the sale │ │ │

│ │ │of matches made│ │ │

│ │ │with the same. │ │ │

│=29.= Oct. │Nov. 7, 1904. │Injuries to │(_a_) Special │ │

│ 17, 1905. │ │life and limb │fencing of │ │

│ │ │from machines │machines and │ │

│ │ │in motion. │accessory │ │

│ │ │ │gearing. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Duty │ │

│ │ │ │laid on │ │

│ │ │ │“minder” to │ │

│ │ │ │ensure that no│ │

│ │ │ │child cleans │ │

│ │ │ │any part of │ │

│ │ │ │the mule in │ │

│ │ │ │motion; that │ │

│ │ │ │no woman, │ │

│ │ │ │young person, │ │

│ │ │ │or child works│ │

│ │ │ │between the │ │

│ │ │ │fixed and │ │

│ │ │ │traversing │ │

│ │ │ │parts of the │ │

│ │ │ │mule; and that│ │

│ │ │ │no person is │ │

│ │ │ │between those │ │

│ │ │ │parts unless │ │

│ │ │ │the moving │ │

│ │ │ │part is │ │

│ │ │ │stopped on the│ │

│ │ │ │outward run. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) “Minder”│ │

│ │ │ │responsible │ │

│ │ │ │for the │ │

│ │ │ │starting of │ │

│ │ │ │the mule. │ │

│=30.= Dec. 1,│Jan. 25, 1907.│Plumbism. │(_a_) │First certified│

│ 1906. │ │ │Exclusion of │1892. │

│ │ │ │young persons │Special Rules, │

│ │ │ │and women. │1894, │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Periodic│superseded by │

│ │ │ │medical │these │

│ │ │ │examination, │Regulations. │

│ │ │ │with power of │ │

│ │ │ │suspension. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Exhaust │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation to│ │

│ │ │ │remove dust. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing │ │

│ │ │ │supplied. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Cloakroom, │ │

│ │ │ │messroom, │ │

│ │ │ │washing │ │

│ │ │ │facilities. │ │

│=31.= Oct. │ │ │ │ │

│ 29, 1910. │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │

│=32.= Aug. │Jan. 2, 1913. │Plumbism. │(_a_) │Earthenware and│

│ 25, 1911. │ │Phthisis or │Exclusion of │china │

│ │ │other │women, young │manufacturing. │

│ │ │respiratory │persons, and │First certified│

│ │ │disease or │children from │Dec. 24, 1892. │

│ │ │injury to │certain │Special Rules │

│ │ │health from │processes in │were │

│ │ │inhalation of │the │established, │

│ │ │silica or other│preparation of│1894, amended │

│ │ │dust. │lead glaze, │in 1898, and │

│ │ │Injury to │etc., and from│again in 1903; │

│ │ │health from │cleaning in │after │

│ │ │excessive heat │dipping house,│arbitration │

│ │ │or humidity. │and as regards│these Rules │

│ │ │Strain from │a young person│were in turn │

│ │ │lifting and │and child from│superseded by │

│ │ │carrying │employment as │the present │

│ │ │weights. │a dipper. │Regulations, │

│ │ │ │(_b_) │1913. │

│ │ │ │Exclusion of │ │

│ │ │ │women, young │ │

│ │ │ │persons and │ │

│ │ │ │children from │ │

│ │ │ │certain heavy │ │

│ │ │ │work and work │ │

│ │ │ │involving │ │

│ │ │ │strain without│ │

│ │ │ │a certificate │ │

│ │ │ │of “permission│ │

│ │ │ │to work”; and │ │

│ │ │ │total │ │

│ │ │ │exclusion of │ │

│ │ │ │young persons │ │

│ │ │ │and children │ │

│ │ │ │from │ │

│ │ │ │employment in │ │

│ │ │ │wedging of │ │

│ │ │ │clay, and of │ │

│ │ │ │females from │ │

│ │ │ │carrying │ │

│ │ │ │saggars full │ │

│ │ │ │of ware. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Periodic│ │

│ │ │ │medical │ │

│ │ │ │examination │ │

│ │ │ │with power of │ │

│ │ │ │suspension. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing to be│ │

│ │ │ │supplied, │ │

│ │ │ │washed, │ │

│ │ │ │repaired, and │ │

│ │ │ │kept in proper│ │

│ │ │ │custody. │ │

│ │ │ │Respirators to│ │

│ │ │ │be supplied in│ │

│ │ │ │certain │ │

│ │ │ │processes. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) Washing │ │

│ │ │ │facilities, │ │

│ │ │ │cloakroom, and│ │

│ │ │ │mealroom to be│ │

│ │ │ │provided. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) Milk or │ │

│ │ │ │cocoa to be │ │

│ │ │ │provided for │ │

│ │ │ │all women and │ │

│ │ │ │young persons │ │

│ │ │ │if working │ │

│ │ │ │before 9 a.m. │ │

│ │ │ │in certain │ │

│ │ │ │processes. │ │

│ │ │ │(_g_) Exhaust │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation │ │

│ │ │ │for all │ │

│ │ │ │processes │ │

│ │ │ │giving rise to│ │

│ │ │ │dust (lead or │ │

│ │ │ │flint, etc.), │ │

│ │ │ │and │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation of│ │

│ │ │ │all rooms and │ │

│ │ │ │of drying │ │

│ │ │ │stoves. │ │

│ │ │ │(_h_) Means │ │

│ │ │ │for preventing│ │

│ │ │ │excessive heat│ │

│ │ │ │and humidity │ │

│ │ │ │in workrooms │ │

│ │ │ │and in ovens. │ │

│ │ │ │(_i_) Special │ │

│ │ │ │means for │ │

│ │ │ │cleaning │ │

│ │ │ │floors, │ │

│ │ │ │benches, │ │

│ │ │ │boards, etc., │ │

│ │ │ │where lead │ │

│ │ │ │glaze is used.│ │

│ │ │ │(_j_) Special │ │

│ │ │ │precautions as│ │

│ │ │ │regards lead │ │

│ │ │ │dust and │ │

│ │ │ │splashing of │ │

│ │ │ │lead glaze in │ │

│ │ │ │majolica │ │

│ │ │ │painting, │ │

│ │ │ │aerographing, │ │

│ │ │ │and │ │

│ │ │ │lithographic │ │

│ │ │ │transfers. │ │

│ │ │ │(_k_) │ │

│ │ │ │Limitation of │ │

│ │ │ │hours of men │ │

│ │ │ │as well as │ │

│ │ │ │women in │ │

│ │ │ │dipping and │ │

│ │ │ │some other │ │

│ │ │ │lead processes│ │

│ │ │ │to 48 hours │ │

│ │ │ │per week. │ │

│ │ │ │Intervals │ │

│ │ │ │prescribed in │ │

│ │ │ │certain lead │ │

│ │ │ │processes of ½│ │

│ │ │ │hour every 4 │ │

│ │ │ │hours or 4¾ │ │

│ │ │ │hours for │ │

│ │ │ │every person. │ │

│ │ │ │(_l_) Power │ │

│ │ │ │given to │ │

│ │ │ │inspector to │ │

│ │ │ │take samples │ │

│ │ │ │of any │ │

│ │ │ │material for │ │

│ │ │ │analysis. │ │

│ │ │ │(_m_) Works │ │

│ │ │ │Inspector to │ │

│ │ │ │supervise │ │

│ │ │ │observance of │ │

│ │ │ │regulations. │ │

│=33.= Mar. │ April 26, │Injury to lungs│(_a_) │ │

│ 22, 1918. │ 1919. │from the │Prescribed │ │

│ │ │inhalation of │methods of │ │

│ │ │silica dust. │controlling │ │

│ │ │Tuberculosis. │and removing │ │

│ │ │Silicosis. │dust by │ │

│ │ │ │exhaust │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation, │ │

│ │ │ │damping, etc.,│ │

│ │ │ │and by │ │

│ │ │ │prohibition of│ │

│ │ │ │certain │ │

│ │ │ │methods of │ │

│ │ │ │work. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) │ │

│ │ │ │Provision of │ │

│ │ │ │respirators. │ │

│=34.= Aug. 5,│April 4, 1914.│Injury to life │(_a_) │ │

│ 1913. │ │and limb from │Sufficient │ │

│ │ │falls and │supply of good│ │

│ │ │falling bodies.│materials for │ │

│ │ │ │stages. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) │ │

│ │ │ │Construction │ │

│ │ │ │of stages to │ │

│ │ │ │be of sound │ │

│ │ │ │material, │ │

│ │ │ │secure, and │ │

│ │ │ │erected by │ │

│ │ │ │competent │ │

│ │ │ │persons. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Gangways│ │

│ │ │ │to be fenced, │ │

│ │ │ │also openings │ │

│ │ │ │in decks to be│ │

│ │ │ │provided with │ │

│ │ │ │covers. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) Adequate│ │

│ │ │ │lighting while│ │

│ │ │ │work is in │ │

│ │ │ │progress. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Ambulance and │ │

│ │ │ │first-aid │ │

│ │ │ │provision. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) │ │

│ │ │ │Competent │ │

│ │ │ │person to │ │

│ │ │ │supervise and │ │

│ │ │ │enforce │ │

│ │ │ │observance of │ │

│ │ │ │regulations. │ │

│=35.= Sept. │June 30, 1909.│Plumbism. │(_a_) │First certified│

│ 25, 1908. │ │ │Exclusion of │Jan. 1894. │

│ │ │ │persons under │Special Rules │

│ │ │ │16 from │superseded by │

│ │ │ │tinning. │these │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Exhaust │Regulations, │

│ │ │ │ventilation │1909. │

│ │ │ │for removal of│ │

│ │ │ │dust and fumes│ │

│ │ │ │over dipping │ │

│ │ │ │and wiping, │ │

│ │ │ │and over │ │

│ │ │ │skimmings │ │

│ │ │ │until their │ │

│ │ │ │removal in a │ │

│ │ │ │covered │ │

│ │ │ │receptacle. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Removal │ │

│ │ │ │of dust and │ │

│ │ │ │refuse from │ │

│ │ │ │workrooms. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing and │ │

│ │ │ │cloakroom for │ │

│ │ │ │women. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) Meal- │ │

│ │ │ │room and │ │

│ │ │ │washing │ │

│ │ │ │accommodation.│ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) Periodic│ │

│ │ │ │medical │ │

│ │ │ │examination │ │

│ │ │ │with power of │ │

│ │ │ │suspension. │ │

├──────────────┼──────────────┴───────────────┴──────────────┴───────────────┤

│=36.= │ Lead Compounds=, No. 25.) │

├──────────────┼──────────────┬───────────────┬──────────────┬───────────────┤

│=37.= June │Dec. 18, 1908.│Anthrax. │(_a_) Dust- │ │

│ 17, 1905. │ │ │extracting │ │

│ │ │ │machines to be│ │

│ │ │ │covered over │ │

│ │ │ │and cover │ │

│ │ │ │connected with│ │

│ │ │ │exhaust fan so│ │

│ │ │ │as to │ │

│ │ │ │discharge dust│ │

│ │ │ │into a furnace│ │

│ │ │ │or │ │

│ │ │ │intercepting │ │

│ │ │ │chamber. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing and │ │

│ │ │ │respirators to│ │

│ │ │ │be supplied │ │

│ │ │ │for persons │ │

│ │ │ │who collect │ │

│ │ │ │and remove the│ │

│ │ │ │dust. │ │

│=38.= June │Dec. 12, 1905.│Anthrax. │(_a_) │ │

│ 17, 1905. │ │ │Scheduled wool│ │

│ │ │ │or hair to be │ │

│ │ │ │opened by │ │

│ │ │ │skilled men │ │

│ │ │ │only, and to │ │

│ │ │ │be steeped in │ │

│ │ │ │water or │ │

│ │ │ │alternatively │ │

│ │ │ │opened over a │ │

│ │ │ │screen with an│ │

│ │ │ │exhaust │ │

│ │ │ │according to │ │

│ │ │ │the Schedule. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Sorting │ │

│ │ │ │boards must be│ │

│ │ │ │as prescribed │ │

│ │ │ │and also │ │

│ │ │ │willowing │ │

│ │ │ │machines. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Storage │ │

│ │ │ │of wool or │ │

│ │ │ │hair │ │

│ │ │ │prohibited in │ │

│ │ │ │sorting and │ │

│ │ │ │willeying │ │

│ │ │ │room. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Provision for │ │

│ │ │ │collection and│ │

│ │ │ │removal of │ │

│ │ │ │dust and │ │

│ │ │ │refuse. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) Floors │ │

│ │ │ │to be │ │

│ │ │ │sprinkled and │ │

│ │ │ │swept daily. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing │ │

│ │ │ │supplied and │ │

│ │ │ │not removed │ │

│ │ │ │unless │ │

│ │ │ │disinfected or│ │

│ │ │ │boiled. │ │

│ │ │ │(_g_) Washing │ │

│ │ │ │and mealroom │ │

│ │ │ │accommodation.│ │

│ │ │ │(_h_) First- │ │

│ │ │ │aid requisites│ │

│ │ │ │duty laid on │ │

│ │ │ │workers to │ │

│ │ │ │report any │ │

│ │ │ │open sore or │ │

│ │ │ │cut. │ │

│ │ │ │(_i_) Power of│ │

│ │ │ │inspectors to │ │

│ │ │ │take samples │ │

│ │ │ │of material. │ │

│=39.= Aug. │ │Injury to life │(_a_) │In draft June, │

│ 10, 1920. │ │and limb. │Provision of │1922. │

│ │ │Injury to │efficient │ │

│ │ │health— │stopping and │ │

│ │ │respiratory │starting gear │ │

│ │ │troubles. │on every │ │

│ │ │ │woodworking │ │

│ │ │ │machine. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Special │ │

│ │ │ │fencing of │ │

│ │ │ │machinery, │ │

│ │ │ │particularly │ │

│ │ │ │circular saws │ │

│ │ │ │and planing │ │

│ │ │ │machines. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Spacing │ │

│ │ │ │of machines, │ │

│ │ │ │and │ │

│ │ │ │maintenance of│ │

│ │ │ │surrounding │ │

│ │ │ │floors in good│ │

│ │ │ │condition and │ │

│ │ │ │free from │ │

│ │ │ │obstruction. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) Adequate│ │

│ │ │ │lighting, both│ │

│ │ │ │daylight and │ │

│ │ │ │artificial │ │

│ │ │ │light. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Artificial │ │

│ │ │ │warming of │ │

│ │ │ │workrooms in │ │

│ │ │ │cold weather. │ │

│=40.= June 1,│Aug. 6, 1907. │Plumbism. │(_a_) │ │

│ 1907. │ │ │Exclusion of │ │

│ │ │ │young persons │ │

│ │ │ │under 16. │ │

│ │ │ │(_b_) Exhaust │ │

│ │ │ │ventilation │ │

│ │ │ │for removal of│ │

│ │ │ │dust draught │ │

│ │ │ │to be tested │ │

│ │ │ │and recorded │ │

│ │ │ │quarterly. │ │

│ │ │ │(_c_) Periodic│ │

│ │ │ │medical │ │

│ │ │ │examination │ │

│ │ │ │with power of │ │

│ │ │ │suspension. │ │

│ │ │ │(_d_) │ │

│ │ │ │Protective │ │

│ │ │ │clothing │ │

│ │ │ │supplied. │ │

│ │ │ │(_e_) │ │

│ │ │ │Cloakroom and │ │

│ │ │ │mealroom, if │ │

│ │ │ │required in │ │

│ │ │ │writing by │ │

│ │ │ │chief │ │

│ │ │ │inspector. │ │

│ │ │ │(_f_) Washing │ │

│ │ │ │accommodation.│ │

└──────────────┴──────────────┴───────────────┴──────────────┴───────────────┘

APPENDIX II

TABLE OF REPORTED CASES OF INDUSTRIAL POISONING AND ANTHRAX (SECTION 73

OF THE FACTORY ACT, 1901).

(_Small figures at right-hand corner of larger figures indicate fatal

cases, included in totals_).

┌────────────────┬────────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┐

│ │ 1921 │ 1920 │ 1919 │ 1918 │

│ │ │ │ │ │

├────────────────┼────────┬───────┼────────┬────┼────────┬────┼────────┬────┤

│ „ │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │

├────────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────┼────┼────────┼────┼────────┼────┤

│LEAD │194^{21}│ 36^2│222^{20}│21^3│187^{26}│ 20│124^{11}│ 20│

│ POISONING[260]│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Tinning of │ │ 1│ │ 2│ │ 2│ 1│ 1│

│ metals │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│White lead │ 13^1│ │ 17│ │ 10│ │ │ │

│China and │ 21^9│ 13^2│ 16^{11}│ 8^2│ 13^8│ 8│ 5^1│ 6│

│ earthenware │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Litho-transfers │ │ 1│ │ 1│ │ │ │ │

│Vitreous │ 7│ 1│ 1│ 1│ 1│ │ │ │

│ enamelling │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Coach │ 14^1│ 6│ 12│ 1│ 10^3│ 1│ 12^3│ │

│ painting[261] │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Paints used in │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ other │ 12│ │ 7^1│ 3│ 7^3│ 2│ 12│ 3│

│ industries │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Other industries│ 20^2│10[262]│ 32^2│ │ 24^1│ 1│ 19^1│ 4│

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│MERCURY │ │ │ 4│ 1│ 5│ 2│ 8│ 1│

│ POISONING │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│PHOSPHORUS │ │ │ │ │ 1│ │ 3│ │

│ POISONING │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ARSENIC │ 1│ │ 3│ │ 4│ │ 3^1│ │

│ POISONING │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ANTHRAX │ 21^5│ 4^1│ 42^{10}│ 6^1│ 46^6│11^3│ 46^5│26^3│

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│TOXIC JAUNDICE │ 1^1│ │ 6^3│ │ 2^2│ 1^1│ 7^2│27^8│

└────────────────┴────────┴───────┴────────┴────┴────────┴────┴────────┴────┘

┌────────────────┬─────────────────┬─────────────────┬───────────┐

│ │ 1917 │ 1916 │ 1915 │

│ │ │ │ │

├────────────────┼────────┬────────┼────────┬────────┼────────┬──┤

│ „ │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │F.│

├────────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┤

│LEAD │272^{19}│ 45^2│318^{20}│ 30^1│356^{21}│25│

│ POISONING[260]│ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Tinning of │ 2│ │ 3│ 1│ 2│ 1│

│ metals │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│White lead │ 15│ 2│ 16^1│ 2│ 36│ 4│

│China and │ 8^5│ 7^2│ 15^6│ 8^1│ 13^5│13│

│ earthenware │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Litho-transfers │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Vitreous │ 1│ │ 5│ │ 5^1│ │

│ enamelling │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Coach │ 20^2│ 1│ 33│ │ 39^5│ │

│ painting[261] │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Paints used in │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ other │ 17^1│ 3│ 18│ 2│ 16^2│ │

│ industries │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Other industries│ 57^4│ 19[263]│ 50^3│ 11│ 47^1│ 7│

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│MERCURY │ 6│ 11│ 11│ 7│ 6│ │

│ POISONING │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│PHOSPHORUS │ 3│ │ 2│ │ 3^1│ │

│ POISONING │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ARSENIC │ 0^5│ │ │ │ 3│ │

│ POISONING │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ANTHRAX │ 71^{11}│ 22^1│ 77^{14}│ 28^2│ 45^7│ 5│

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│TOXIC JAUNDICE │ 45^2│145^{42}│ 84^{23}│122^{34}│ │ │

└────────────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴──┘

┌────────────────┬────────────────┬─────────────┬────────────────┐

│ │ _Average_ │ _Average_ │ _Average_ │

│ │ 1912–14 │ 1909–11 │ 1906–08 │

├────────────────┼────────┬───────┼────────┬────┼────────┬───────┤

│ „ │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │

├────────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────┼────┼────────┼───────┤

│LEAD │468^{32}│ 55^1│512^{32}│63^3│524^{28}│ 95^2│

│ POISONING[260]│ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Tinning of │ 10│ 1│ 13│ 4│ 10│ 8│

│ metals │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│White lead │ 24^1│ 3│ 34^1│ 2│ 83^3│ 3│

│China and │ 33^10│ 23^1│ 38^4│38^3│ 52^6│ 57^2│

│ earthenware │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Litho-transfers │ 1│ │ 1│ 1│ 5│ 1│

│Vitreous │ 8│ │ 12│ 1│ 5│ 1│

│ enamelling │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Coach │ 70^4│ 1│ 89^6│ │ 74^4│ 1│

│ painting[261] │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Paints used in │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ other │ 42^2│ 4│ 45^1│ 4│ 39^2│ 5│

│ industries │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│Other industries│ 63^2│14[264]│ 56^3│ 8│ 57^3│10[265]│

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│MERCURY │ 13│ 1│ 10│ │ 5│ 2│

│ POISONING │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│PHOSPHORUS │ │ │ 1│ │ │ │

│ POISONING │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ARSENIC │ 4│ │ 5│ 2│ 11^1│ 1│

│ POISONING │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ANTHRAX │ 50^6│ 7│ 48^9│ 9^2│ 44^{11}│ 13^3│

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│TOXIC JAUNDICE │ │ │ │ │ │ │

└────────────────┴────────┴───────┴────────┴────┴────────┴───────┘

┌────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐

│ │ _Average_ │ 1900 │

│ │ 1903–05 │ │

├────────────────┼────────┬─────┼────────┬─────┤

│ „ │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │

├────────────────┼────────┼─────┼────────┼─────┤

│LEAD │501^{22}│100^1│884^{33}│174^5│

│ POISONING[260]│ │ │ │ │

│Tinning of │ 9│ 4│ 2│ 3│

│ metals │ │ │ │ │

│White lead │ 100^1│ 5^1│ 325^5│ 53^1│

│China and │ 39^3│ 56│ 95^4│105^4│

│ earthenware │ │ │ │ │

│Litho-transfers │ 2│ 7│ 3│ │

│Vitreous │ 1│ 2│ 8│ 3│

│ enamelling │ │ │ │ │

│Coach │ 60^4│ │ 70^5│ │

│ painting[261] │ │ │ │ │

│Paints used in │ │ │ │ │

│ other │ 36^2│ 4│ 50^5│ │

│ industries │ │ │ │ │

│Other industries│ 42^1│ 12│ 68^4│ 18│

│ │ │ │ │ │

│MERCURY │ 6│ │ 7│ 2│

│ POISONING │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │

│PHOSPHORUS │ 1│ 1^1│ 1│ 2│

│ POISONING │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │

│ARSENIC │ 4│ │ 15^3│ 7│

│ POISONING │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │

│ANTHRAX │ 43^{11}│ 9^2│ 28^5│ 9^2│

│ │ │ │ │ │

│TOXIC JAUNDICE │ │ │ │ │

└────────────────┴────────┴─────┴────────┴─────┘

INDEX

Aberdare, Lord, Home Secretary, 6

Abraham, Miss May, Inspector of Factories, vii, 9, 40, 201;

secretary to Lady Dilke, 9;

retirement, 13;

marriage, 13;

member of the Dangerous Trades Committee, 100.

_See_ Tennant

Accidents in factories, 139, 140;

in laundries, 141–146;

treatment, 147;

number, 196

Aerated water, 288

Aeroplanes, varnishing the wings, 129

Akers-Douglas, Rt. Hon. (Lord Chilston), Home Secretary, 192;

on Women Inspectors, 193

Alverstone, Lord, 207

America, “motion study,” 256

Anderson, Adelaide Mary, Inspector of Factories, 9

Anthrax, cases of, 95, 98, 115, 126, 306

Anti-Sweating Movement, 60

Antrim, 177

Ardara, 80

Arsenic, 95, 98, 288, 306

Asbestos industry, 96, 106

Asquith, Rt. Hon. H. H., on Factory Laws, 10;

on Women Inspectors, 191, 192

Baden, Grand Duchy of, silk mills, 139

Bag-woman or carrier system, 90

_Beacon_, the, 252 _note_

Bedford College for Women, 270 _note_

Belfast, textile mill, case of half-timers, 55;

procession of workers, 75;

conference in, 109;

Congress of the Royal Sanitary Institute, 162, 268 _note_;

Health Commission, 175

Belgium, reformatory institutions, 182;

prevention of industrial fatigue, 255

Bentinck, Lord Henry Cavendish, on the work of Women Inspectors, 195

Benzine, 288

Berlin, conference in, 10, 150

Bichromate of potassium, result of, 127, 290

Birmingham, prosecutions, 179;

munition factories, 231;

Congress of the Royal Sanitary Institute, 274

Birtwistle, Mr., Inspector of Textile Particulars, 85

Black Country factories, 43

Blackburn, 155

Board of Trade Wage Census, 63

Bonus system, 76

Bournville, conference at, 269

Branford, Victor, _Interpretations and Forecasts_, 149

Brass, 288

Bricks, glazing of, 120

Brickworks, 134

Briquettes, 288

Bristol, 80;

Women Workers, meeting, 9

Bronzing, dust from, 111, 288

Brooke-Gwynne, Maura, xi

Buffing of plated articles, 109

Burnley, 135, 155

Burns, Rt. Hon. John, on the work of Women Inspectors, 192

Cadbury, Mr., conference at Bournville, 269

Campbell, Dr. Janet, on Health of Women in Industry, 123 _note_;

_War Cabinet Committee on Women in Industry_, 197

Canteens, result of, 257

Carbonic oxide poisoning, 127

Carotting, process of, 126

Celluloid, 290

Cement works, in Scotland, employment of women, 234

Chalmers, Sir Mackenzie, 11

Chapman, S. J., _Labour and Capital after the War_, 64 _note_, 227

_note_, 232 _note_

Chemical works, employment of women, 233

Chemicals, 290

Children, employment in factories, 131, 163–179;

result of lifting heavy weights, 131–135, 171;

examinations, 166, 168–174;

half-time system, 165, 177;

cases of rejection, 167;

in Ireland, 174–177;

number of, 177, 180

China scourers, 96;

mortality, 103–105

Christian Social Union Research Committee, 262

Chromate, lead, 120, 121, 290

Chrome holes, 127

Cleanliness of workshops, 45, 47, 48, 258

Clothing factories, wages, 67;

accidents, 146;

employment of mothers, 154;

number employed, 218, 225 _note_

Cohen, Miss H. F., 158

Colchester, clothing factories, 89;

rate of wages, 67

Collett, Miss Clara, Assistant Commissioner on Labour, 9

Collings, Rt. Hon. Jesse, criticism on the work of Women Inspectors,

193

Collis, Dr. E. L., 96, 110;

Director of the Welfare Department, 274

_Commonwealth_, the, 18

Consumption, compulsory notification, 110

Cooke-Taylor, Whateley, 164;

_The Modern Factory System_, 57

Cornwall, 78, 83

Cotton Cloth Factories Act of 1889, 99

Cotton mills, driving system, 8;

fines, 73

Coventry, factories in, 179, 268

Dangerous Trades Committee 100, 111, 137

Deane, Miss Lucy, Inspector of Factories, 9, 80, 81, 87, 103, 116, 117,

181, 185

_Deane_ v. _Hulbert Beach_, 203;

v. _Wilson_, 76, 77

Dermatitis or inflammation of the skin, case of, 127, 128

Dickie, Mrs., Inspector, 176

Digby, Sir Kenelm, 11

Dilke, Rt. Hon. Sir Charles, on the work of Women Inspectors, 192, 194

Dilke, Lady, 9, 11

Dilution Officers of Munitions, 237

Donegal, experiences of Inspectors in, 213

_Donegal Vindicator_, 81 _note_

Dope poisoning, 129

Down, 177

Drage, Mr. Geoffrey, Secretary of the Labour Commission, 9

Drinking water, supply of, 46

Driving system, in cotton mills, 8

Drury, Mrs., Inspector, xi, 67;

sketch of a day’s work, 219–221.

_See_ Whitworth

Duckering, G. Elmhirst, Inspector of Factories, 101

Dundee, 155, 178

Dungloe, 81

Dust, dangers of, 102–112, 288

Edward IV., King, statute of, 58 _note_

Eight Hours Bill, 8

Electric accumulator industry, 115, 292

Electro-plate works, Sheffield, 109

Elementary Education Act, 166 _note_

Emergency Orders, 230, 239, 241

Employment of Children, Royal Commission of 1841, 103;

Act, 135, 136;

Committee on, in 1901, 168

“Employment of Mothers,” 156

Enamelling of metals, 100, 101, 292

Escreet, Miss, Inspector of Factories, xi, 92, 264

Fabian Society, 8

Factories, Women Inspectors, vii, ix, 1, 5, 7, 9;

number of, 15;

their work, 19;

evils of the system, 24–27;

hours of work, 27–34, 39, 239–244;

evils of overtime, 35–39;

defective sanitation, 39–44;

supply of drinking water, 46;

lighting, 46–50;

system of fines, 68–72;

practice of raffling, 72;

bonus system, 76;

dangerous processes, 94;

special rules, 95–98, 113;

mechanical ventilation, 100;

records, 112;

Women Medical Inspectors, 122;

accidents in, 139;

employment of mothers, 150–163;

number of, 161, 180, 225 _note_;

employment of children, 163–179;

number of, 177;

half-time system, 165, 177;

daily visits of inspection, 216;

substitution of women, 233–239, 245;

welfare movement, 253–272;

women superintendents, 260, 268;

provision for meals, 261–264, 271;

neglect of seats, 265–267;

weight lifting, 267;

first-aid and ambulance work, 267;

hygienic safeguards, 272;

surveys, 273;

orders for welfare condition, 276–278;

committees, 278–281, 284;

series of welfare pamphlets, 281;

improved conditions, 282–285

Factories and Miscellaneous Provisions Act of 1916, 46

Factory Act of 1802, 150;

of 1878, 6, 7, 28 _note_, 49 _note_, 202;

of 1891, 10, 13, 97, 150, 166 _note_;

of 1895, 13, 31, 32, 49, 85, 191;

of 1901, 29, 30 _note_, 31, 33, 45, 49, 92, 94, 97, 127 _note_, 131,

166 _note_, 171, 182, 202, 230 _note_;

of 1907, 33, 186

Factory system, 4;

a workers’ welfare committee in a national factory, 278

Faithful, Miss Emily, letter to _The Times_, 6

Fencing of machinery, the term, 12;

accidents from, 139, 144

Fines, system of, 68–72

Fish-curing industry, 31, 128, 276 _note_;

number employed, 225 _note_

Flax preparation and carding, mortality, 102, 294

Flax scutch mills, 109

Ford, Miss I. O., 8

Foxford Convent, Mayo, 181

France, reformatory institutions, 182, 183;

industrial legislation, 199 _note_, 255

Fruit industry, 32;

number employed, 225 _note_

_Fullers, Ltd._ v. _Squire_, 204

Fustian clothing factories, 89

Gas stoves, unhooded, 49

Gasworks, employment of women, 235

George I., King, statute of, 58 _note_

Germany, reformatory institutions, 182, 183;

industrial legislation, 199 _note_, 255

Gladstone, Viscount, Departmental Committee, 105, 118 _note_;

on the increase of Women Inspectors, 194

Glasgow Trade Union Congress, 7

Glass factories of Sunderland, 135

Goadby, Dr. Kenneth W., _Lead Poisoning and Lead Absorption_, 99, 112

_note_, 114

Goods, payment in, evils of, 59, 62, 78, 80–85

Grimsby, 31

Haldane, Viscount, address to Factory Inspectors, 207

Half-time system, 165, 177

Hanley, 155

Hatch, Sir Ernest, Departmental Committee, 106, 118

Haynes, Miss Dorothy, 200 _note_

Heading yarn dyed in lead chromate, cases of poisoning, 120, 121, 304

Health Commission, in Belfast, Report of the, 175

Health Insurance, National, 121, 158, 162

Health, Ministry of, 152

Health of Munition Workers Committee, 237, 241, 242, 244, 247, 256

_note_, 257 _note_

Hewitt, Dr. E. M., 96

Hill, Dr. Leonard, 99

Hills, Mr., 195

Holland, Canon Scott, on the work of Factory Inspectors, 18

Home Office Memorandum on Substitution of Women, 229 _note_, 236

Homework, Select Committee on, 60

Hood, Thomas, _Song of the Shirt_, 8

Hosiery factories, teazle brushing, 108

Hours of work, 27–34, 39, 239–244;

reduction, 52

Hygiene and Industrial Employment, address on, 162

_Illumination in Factories_, 46

India-rubber works, 125, 298

Industrial Fatigue Research Board, 248

Industrial Law Indemnity Fund, 22

Industries, dangerous and unhealthy, 94, 287;

preventive measures, 288–305

Infant mortality, high rate of, 154

Institutions, reformatory or charitable, method of administration, 151,

182–189

Ireland, letters of thanks to Inspectors, 55;

wages of dressmakers, 80;

payment in goods, 80–83;

prosecutions, 82;

employment of children, 174–177;

convent industries, 181;

institutional laundries, 184

Italy, prevention of industrial fatigue, 255

Joteyko, Dr. Josefa, _Science of Labour_, 198, 246

Kent, Prof. Stanley, 255 _note_

Kid-glove makers, payment of, 84

Kinloch-Cooke, Sir Clement, _Women and Industrial Changes_, 225 _note_

Kippering industry case, 213

Kropotkin, Prince, _Fields, Factories and Workshops_, 280

Labels, injurious practice of licking, 137–139

_Labour and Capital after the War_, 245 _note_

Labour Convention of 1919, 10

Labour, International Conference, at Berlin, 10

Labour, Ministry of, 237

Labour, Royal Commission on, 3, 9, 42

Lace-tinting industry, 110

Lakeman, Mr., on the evils of working overtime, 35

Lancashire, Limited Liability Company, case against, 42;

employment of mothers, 159

Laundries, hours of work, 32–34;

seaside, 38;

carbonic oxide poisoning, 127;

accidents in, 141–146;

remedies against, 142;

number, 143;

prosecutions, 145;

employment of mothers, 151–154;

institutional, 151, 184–188;

women employed, 180, 218, 225 _note_

Lead chromate, 120, 121, 290

Lead poisoning, 96, 100, 298, 304, 306

Leeds, factories, 89;

practice of raffling goods, 72

Legge, Dr. T. M., Senior Medical Inspector, xi, 96, 97, 107, 129;

Occupational Diseases, 99 _note_;

Lead Poisoning and Lead Absorption, 99 _note_, 112 _note_, 114

Lighting of factories and workshops, 46–50;

Committee on, 47

Linen-weaving factory, system of fines, 71

London, factories, 89;

School of Economics, 270 _note_

Longton, 104, 155

Lovibond, Miss, 112, 135.

_See_ Moorcroft

Lowestoft, fishing industry, 31, 276 _note_

Lucifer match factory, case of, 79

Lushington, Sir Godfrey, 11

Lye, bucket industry, 154

Lyttelton, Rt. Hon. Alfred, 195

MacArthur, Miss Mary, 37

Macdonald, Mr. Ramsay, 195

Machinery, fencing of, 12;

accidents from, 139

Manchester, practice of raffling goods, 72;

“making-up” warehouses, 136

Manufacturers, Association of, 71, 75

Martindale, Miss Hilda, x, 23, 55, 56, 71, 80, 83, 109, 116, 119, 134,

156, 174, 176, 179, 185;

_Hygiene and Industrial Employment_, 162, 268 _note_

Mary, H.M. Queen, Fund, 188

Match-making industry, 124

Matthews, Rt. Hon. Henry, Home Secretary, 7

McKenna, Rt. Hon. R., on the work of Women Inspectors, 193

Meals, provision for, in factories, 261–264, 271

Medical Inspectors, 20, 95

Men, number employed in factories, 15, 16;

Inspectors, work of the, 20, 196;

number, 15

Mercerised cotton yarn dust, 108

Mercurial poisoning, cases of, 124–126, 306

Meredith, George, 224

Messrooms, 258, 262

Metals, enamelling and tinning of, 100, 101 _note_, 292, 304

Mill gearing, 12 _note_

Mill girls, deputation of, 222

Mines Acts, 97

Moorcroft, Mrs., 112.

_See_ Lovibond

Morrell, Mr., 195

Mothers, employment of, 150–163;

maternity fund, 157;

cases of, 158–162;

number, 161

Mulhouse, maternity fund, 157

Munition workers, number of, 228, 239;

long hours, 239–244

National Liberal Federation, meeting, 10

National Service, Ministry of, 237

Necrosis, cases of, 125

Needle-puncturing accidents, 146

Nicotine poisoning, 127

Niven, Dr., on the cleanliness of workshops, 48

Oastler, Richard, 3

Oram, Mr. R. E. Sprague, H.M. Chief Inspector, 13, 19;

retirement, 13, 19

Osborn, Mr. E. H., H.M. Superintending Inspector of Factories, 99, 102

Outwork, evil of, 30

Overtime, working, 28;

evils of, 35–39

Owen, Robert, 3, 253

Papworth, Miss Wyatt, Secretary of the Women’s Industrial Council, 36

Paterson, Mrs. Emma Ann, founds the Women’s Protective League, 6

Paterson, Miss Mary, Inspector of Factories, vii, xi, 9, 56, 72, 103,

115, 156, 160, 161, 166, 167, 171, 173, 185, 201;

on insanitary conditions, 41;

case of overcrowding, 44

Paterson, Mr. Thomas, 6

Peace Treaty of 1919, 10

Peel, Sir R., 3

Pendock, Mr. C. R., Inspector of Factories, 99, 101;

_Observations on Ventilation of Potteries and Removal of Dust_, 102

_note_

Pen-making trade, 88, 92;

system of “cards,” 93

Peripatetic Inspectors, 210

Perry, Miss, 145

Phosphorus necrosis, 124, 306

Physical Deterioration, Committee on, 155

Piecework, payment of, 85–93

Plumbism, cases of, 116, 290

Poisoning, cases of, 98, 306

Police Act, the little, 274–278

Police, Factories, etc., Act, 254 _note_

Potteries, records, 112;

Fund, 118

Pottery Code of Regulations, 117

_Power Laundry, The_, 33

Pratt, Mr. Hodgson, 6

Presbyterian Church, General Assembly of the, on child labour, 177

Preston, 155

Public Health Acts, 45, 207

Purdon, Dr., 102

Rabbit skins, dust from, 126, 170 _note_

Raffling, practice of, 72

Reconstruction, Ministry of, 237

_Redgrave_ v. _Kelly_, case of, 75

Reformatory institutions, administration, 151, 182–189

Religious institutions, workers, 181

Rent, deductions for, 79

Ridley, Rt. Hon. Sir Matthew White, Home Secretary, 10;

on Women Factory Inspectors, 191

Rowntree, Mr. Seebohm, Director of the Welfare Department, 232, 273

Royal Sanitary Institute, Congress at Belfast, 162

Rubber articles, 124, 125

Rubber tyre factory, system of fines, 69

Russell, Lord, of Killowen, 207

Sadler, Michael, 3

Sadler, Miss, Inspector of Factories, 114 _note_, 122

Safety-pin factory, system of deductions, 69

Sanitation, defective, in factories and workshops, 39–44

_Schofield_ v. _Schunk_, 146

School Child Leaflet, 274

Scientific instrument making, 236

Scotland, cement works, employment of women, 234

Seats, lack of, in factories, 265–267

_Service Magazine_, 280

Shaftesbury, Earl of, 3, 7, 164

Sheffield, electro-plate works, 109;

conference in, 259;

dinner clubs, 263

Shell factory, 251

Shetland, 78

Shift systems, 242

Silk waste carding and spinning, 107

Simon, Sir John, 104

Slocock, Miss, Inspector of Factories, 85, 178

Smith, Adam, 62

Smith, Sydney, 99

Somerset, 78, 83

Squire, Miss R. E., Inspector of Factories, x, 10, 60, 72, 73, 81, 82,

87, 88, 107, 108, 113, 120, 132, 136, 148, 152, 155, 156, 169, 178,

181, 199 _note_, 203, 271;

member of a Committee on Lighting in Factories, 47;

cases, 53, 54;

on the wages of girls, 65;

in charge of the Women’s Welfare Department, 274

_Squire_ v. _Boyer & Co._, 205;

v. _Midland Lace Company_, 85;

v. _Sweeney_, 83, 85

Staffordshire Potteries, 43, 116, 131, 133, 136, 155

Star, the, 37

Steel works in Yorkshire, employment of women, 234

Stoke-on-Trent, 104

Stourbridge, brick-making, 154

Stuart, Prof. William, _Economic Annals of the Nineteenth Century_, 164

_note_;

_Substitution of Women in Industry_, 229 _note_

Substitutes, women as. _See_ Women Workers

Sunderland, glass factories, 135

Sweated Industries, Exhibition of 1906, 60

Sweating system, 8

Tailoring trade, 89

Tawney, Mr. R. H., _Minimum Rates in the Tailoring Trade_, 67

Taylor, Mr. Stevenson, Inspector of Factories, 99

Taylor, Mr. Theodore, tribute to the work of Women Inspectors, 192

Teazle-brushing machines, guards for, 108, 148

Temperature of workrooms, 44, 50

Tennant, Mrs. H. J., 9, 192, 207;

Chairman of the Industrial Law Indemnity Fund, 22.

_See_ Abraham

Textile factories, number employed, 218, 225 _note_

Theatrical costume industry, 37;

cases of overtime, 38

Time-cribbing, suppression of, 38

Tinning of metals, 100, 101, 304

Tinplate works, loads, 132, 133

Tobacco works, cases of poisoning, 127

Toxic jaundice, cases of, 129, 306

Tracey, Miss A., Inspector of Factories, 9, 23, 121, 143, 148, 185

_Tracey_ v. _Pretty_, 206

Trade Boards Act of 1909, 60

Trade Union Congress, Bristol, 7;

Glasgow, 7;

organisation for women, 3

Troup, Sir Edward, 11

Truck, meaning of the word, 58;

committee on, 60, 69, 76

Truck Acts, 27, 78; of 1831, 58, 73, 75, 85;

of 1887, 58, 75, 85;

of 1896, 58, 70, 73, 75

Tuckwell, Miss Gertrude, Hon. Sec. of the Women’s Trade Union League,

56;

_The Jeopardy of a Department_, 57 _note_

Unemployment, 281

Urwick, Prof., 269

Vandevelde, Mr., the Belgian, 286

Varley, Miss Julia, article in the _Yorkshire Factory Times_, 25 _note_

Ventilation of workrooms, 40, 44, 47, 100

Vines, Miss, Inspector of Factories, 116, 134 _note_, 145, 178, 179

Wage Census of 1886 and 1906, 63

Wages of women, 59, 63–68;

payment in goods, 59, 62, 78, 80–85;

deductions, 64–66, 68–72;

system of fines, 68–72

War, the Great, 14, 16, 27, 85, 113, 128, 178, 188, 253;

women’s work in the, 224, 226–236;

tributes to, 231

War, munitions of, production, 228

War Museum, National, 227, 232

Weaving, art of, 251

Weights, heavy, lifting, 130–136, 267, 302

Welfare Department, 272;

movement in factories, 253–272;

trained women superintendents, 260, 268

Werner, Mr. E. A. R., Inspector of Factories, 106

Whitaker, Dr., 102

White lead industry, cases of poisoning, 114–117, 120–122, 149, 298,

304;

regulations, 118;

preventive measures, 120

Whitelegge, Sir Arthur, M.D., Chief Inspector of Factories, 13, 19, 97

Whitley Report, 123

Whitlock, Miss, M.B., 106, 109, 110, 138, 147, 262, 268;

reports on lead cases, 112, 119, 121;

transferred to the Industrial Schools Department, 113

Whitworth, Miss, 67, 261.

_See_ Drury

Williams, Mr., Superintending Inspector, 99

Wilson, Mr. D. R., _Illumination in Factories_, 46

Women Assistant Commissioners on Labour, 9

Women Dilution Officers, employment of, 198

Women Inspectors, vii, ix, 1, 5;

appointment, 7, 9;

official status, 11;

work, 11–14, 78, 124, 191, 198–223, 270;

number, 14, 192, 218, 237;

testimony to, 18;

detection of cases of overtime, 35–39;

value of their visits, 52;

relations with the workers, 53–55;

letters of thanks, 55;

evidence on the result of low wages, 59, 63;

cases, 80–82, 202, 209;

reports on payment of piecework, 87;

inquiries into dangerous processes, 95;

taking of records, 112;

tributes to their work, 191–195, 222;

study of foreign industrial legislation, 199;

higher education, 201;

prosecutions, 202–210;

address from Lord Haldane, 207;

reading for the Bar, 209;

peripatetic, 210;

experiences in the courts, 214;

daily visits of inspection, 216;

inspection of munitions factories, 235, 239;

reports on the result of long hours of work, 240–244

Women Medical Inspectors, 122

Women superintendents in factories, 260, 268

Women Welfare Officers, 237

Women Workers, National Council of, meeting at Bristol, 9;

number employed in factories, 15, 16, 225 _note_;

characteristics, 22;

courage, 22–24;

evils of the system, 24–27;

hours of work, 27–34, 39;

relations with the Inspectors, 53;

complaints against managers, 53–55;

wages, 59, 63–68;

dangerous processes, 94;

rules for safeguarding, 95–98, 113;

injuries from lead processes on maternity, 116, 149;

result of lifting heavy weights, 132–136, 267;

number employed in laundries, 180;

work in the War, 224, 226–236;

substitutes, 227, 233–239, 245;

tributes to, 231;

in engineering, chemical and gasworks, 231, 233–235;

result of their wartime experiences, 246–249

Women and Young Persons Act, 1920, 115

Women’s Employment Committee, Report, 4, 18, 150, 158, 237

Women’s Industrial Council, 36

_Women’s Industrial News_, 198, 200

Women’s Institute, founded, 226

Women’s Liberal Association, 8

Women’s Protective and Provident League, founded, 6

Women’s Trade Union League, 6, 56

_Women’s Union Journal_, extract from, 7

_Women’s War Work_, 232 _note_

Wörishoffer, Dr., 183

Work, function of, 250

Workers’ Trustees Council, 279

Workers’ Welfare Committee, 278

Working men appointed Inspectors, 7, 8

Workshops, number of, 15;

defective sanitation, 39–44;

ventilation, 40, 44, 47;

lack of heating, 40;

overcrowding, 44;

temperature, 44, 50, 99;

drainage, 45;

cleanliness, 45, 47;

supply of drinking water, 46;

lighting, 46–50

Yarmouth, fish-curing industry, 32, 276

Yarn, heading, dyed in lead chromate, 120, 121, 304

Yeovil, 84

Yorkshire factories, 43, 234

_Yorkshire Factory Times_, 25 _note_

-----

Footnote 1:

See Note, p. 21.

Footnote 2:

Minutes of Evidence, Group C, Vol. I. Questions 4638 and 6830.

Footnote 3:

Report of Women’s Employment Committee, Ministry of Reconstruction,

1919, Cd. 9239, p. 60.

Footnote 4:

_Ibid._

Footnote 5:

Afterwards the Women’s Trade Union League.

Footnote 6:

From an obituary notice by Hodgson Pratt in the _Women’s Union

Journal_, in December, 1886.

Footnote 7:

“Fencing” is a term used but not defined in the Factory Act, in

Section 10 of 1901. Under this section, guards, automatic as well as

fixed, are required for dangerous machinery. Other dangerous parts—

_e.g._, “mill gearing”—if not safe by position must be securely

fenced.

Footnote 8:

Report quoted Cd. 9239, p. 61.

Footnote 9:

Annual Report of the Chief Inspector, 1912, p. 113.

Footnote 10:

Under the chairmanship of Mrs. H. J. Tennant.

Footnote 11:

A carding engine in a cotton mill.

Footnote 12:

Annual Report of the Chief Inspector, 1895, p. 112.

Footnote 13:

Annual Report of the Chief Inspector, 1913, pp. 70, 89.

Footnote 14:

_Yorkshire Factory Times_, September 11, 1896. Article by Julia

Varley.

Footnote 15:

Annual Report of the Chief Inspector, 1895, p. 119.

Footnote 16:

_I.e._, in textile factories from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. or 7 a.m. to 7

p.m., with two hours, which must be specified, taken off for meals;

and on Saturdays 6 a.m. to 1.30 p.m., with an hour for a meal. In non-

textile factories a period, 8 a.m. to 8 p.m., was also permissible.

Footnote 17:

Act of 1878, sect. 53, and third schedule, part three; amended by Act

of 1895, sect. 14, and Act of 1901, sect. 49, second schedule.

Footnote 18:

And even thirteen-year-old workers, when they were qualified by an

educational certificate to rank as a young person.

Footnote 19:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1903, p. 223.

Footnote 20:

_Ibid._, 1910, p. 155. Section 31 of the Factory Act, 1901,

restricting employment inside and outside the factory or workshop on

the same day, had but a limited effect.

Footnote 21:

_Ibid._, 1914, p. 54.

Footnote 22:

See Special Order, dated September 11, 1907.

Footnote 23:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1896, p. 67.

Footnote 24:

_Ibid._, 1903, p. 223.

Footnote 25:

The late Miss Wyatt Papworth, whose constant help I desire gratefully

to record.

Footnote 26:

The legal period closed at 4 p.m.

Footnote 27:

Annual Report, 1902, p. 153; 1903, p. 224.

Footnote 28:

_Ibid._, 1911, p. 152.

Footnote 29:

_Ibid._, 1912, pp. 142, 145.

Footnote 30:

Annual Report of the Chief Inspector, 1900, p. 367.

Footnote 31:

Unsuitable, insanitary, not separate for the sexes, or totally

lacking.

Footnote 32:

Annual Report, 1902, p. 154.

Footnote 33:

Annual Report, 1903, p. 203.

Footnote 34:

Annual Report, 1903, p. 203.

Footnote 35:

_Ibid._, 1902, p. 154.

Footnote 36:

Included in Annual Report of the Chief Inspector, 1911, p. 239.

Footnote 37:

Departmental (Home Office) Committee on Lighting in Factories and

Workshops, 1915, Cd. 8000; 1921, Cd. 118.

Footnote 38:

See Annual Report of the Chief Inspector for 1920, chap. ix., for a

résumé by Miss Squire of the recent advances and parallel delays, in

progress, in this vital matter in factories.

Footnote 39:

Factory and Workshop Act, 1878, sects. 3 and 36.

Footnote 40:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1911, p. 136.

Footnote 41:

For example, neglect to present seventeen little girls for examination

as to physical fitness by the certifying surgeon, of whom five were

subsequently rejected by him and sent for medical treatment; sanitary

conveniences not separate for boys and girls.

Footnote 42:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1912, p. 121.

Footnote 43:

_Ibid._, 1902, p. 153.

Footnote 44:

“The Jeopardy of a Department,” by Gertrude M. Tuckwell. Published by

the Women’s Trade Union League, 1897, p. 7.

Footnote 45:

“The Modern Factory System,” by Whateley Cooke-Taylor, late His

Majesty’s Superintending Inspector of Factories.

Footnote 46:

These words are in a statute of Edward IV.

Footnote 47:

A Franco-Scottish word meaning _barter_ that appeared in a statute of

George I., after the Act of Union. The Act of 1831 was “to prohibit

the payment, in certain trades, of wages in goods or otherwise than in

current coin of the realm.”

Footnote 48:

Extended at this date to Ireland also.

Footnote 49:

Annual Report of the Chief Inspector, 1897, p. 109.

Footnote 50:

Report of Committee on Truck, 1908, vol. i., appendix iv., Cd. 4442.

Footnote 51:

Report from the Select Committee on Homework ordered by the House of

Commons to be printed July 22, 1908.

Footnote 52:

Compare figures given in “Labour and Capital after the War,” edited by

S. J. Chapman, C.B.E., iv., p. 80. London, John Murray, 1918.

Footnote 53:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1898, p. 185.

Footnote 54:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1897, p. 112.

Footnote 55:

_Ibid._, 1901, p. 190.

Footnote 56:

_Ibid._, 1914, p. 49.

Footnote 57:

_Op. cit._ (1915, G. Bell and Sons), p. 127.

Footnote 58:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1908, p. 155.

Footnote 59:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1911, p. 161.

Footnote 60:

_Ibid._, 1912, p. 157.

Footnote 61:

Report of the Committee on Truck, 1908, Cd. 4442. QQ. 7716–8, 8192,

8204, 8234, 17892, etc., and Report, vol. i., p. 25.

Footnote 62:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1898, p. 185.

Footnote 63:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1902, p. 190.

Footnote 64:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1911, p. 162; and 1914, p. 50.

Footnote 65:

_Ibid._, 1905, p. 328.

Footnote 66:

_Ibid._, 1906, p. 239.

Footnote 67:

_Ibid._, 1901, p. 191.

Footnote 68:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1901, p. 190.

Footnote 69:

Report of the Committee on Truck, 1908, vol. i., pp. 28, 89.

Footnote 70:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1897, p. 110; 1906, p. 240; 1908, p.

160.

Footnote 71:

See below, Chapter VI.

Footnote 72:

Truck Act, 1831, sect. 25.

Footnote 73:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1898, p. 182.

Footnote 74:

_Ibid._, 1902, p. 191.

Footnote 75:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1907, p. 200.

Footnote 76:

_Ibid._, 1907, p. 200.

Footnote 77:

The _Donegal Vindicator_, June 29, 1900.

Footnote 78:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1899, pp. 275–7.

Footnote 79:

_Ibid._, 1900, pp. 29–30.

Footnote 80:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1900, pp. 352, 359, 404.

Footnote 81:

_Ibid._, 1907, p. 196.

Footnote 82:

Factory Act, 1895, sect. 40.

Footnote 83:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1896, p. 74.

Footnote 84:

Act of 1891, sect. 24.

Footnote 85:

_Ibid._, 1895, sect. 40 (6).

Footnote 86:

_Ibid._, 1901, sects. 114 and 116.

Footnote 87:

Annual Report of the Chief Inspector, 1898, p. 182.

Footnote 88:

_E.g._, cutting, piercing, marking, raising, grinding, bending,

polishing, etc.

Footnote 89:

Annual Report, 1902, p. 189.

Footnote 90:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1904, p. 279.

Footnote 91:

Miss Slocock in Annual Report, 1907, p. 193.

Footnote 92:

Factory and Workshop Act, 1901, sect. 79.

Footnote 93:

Such as white lead manufacture, lucifer match making, paint and colour

making, hollow ware enamelling.

Footnote 94:

For examination of children and young persons under sixteen years as

to physical fitness for working in a factory, and enquiry into certain

grave and fatal accidents.

Footnote 95:

See especially Fourth Report of the Medical Officer to the Privy

Council, 1861, pp. 29, 31, etc.

Footnote 96:

In “Occupational Diseases,” by T. M. Legge, C.B.E., M.D., etc., p. 68,

and in “Lead Poisoning and Lead Absorption,” by T. M. Legge and

Kenneth W. Goadby, 1912, pp. 98–102.

Footnote 97:

Later amended and in 1911 developed into special regulations under the

Principal Act of 1901.

Footnote 98:

Reports on Enamelling of Metals, 1903 (Cd. 1610), and on Tinning of

Metals, 1907 (Cd. 3793), especially pp. 23 and following.

Footnote 99:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1920, p. 53.

Footnote 100:

“Observations on Ventilation of Potteries and Removal of Dust,” by C.

R. Pendock, 1913, Stoke-on-Trent.

Footnote 101:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1893, pp. 194–5.

Footnote 102:

_Ibid._, 1898, pp. 162–4. See also Annual Reports, 1919 and 1920.

Footnote 103:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1898, pp. 135 and 163.

Footnote 104:

_Ibid._, 1908, p. 144.

Footnote 105:

The Committee reported in 1910, Cd. 5219, Cd. 5278, and Cd. 5385.

Footnote 106:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1898, pp. 135, 171–2.

Footnote 107:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1906, p. 220, and 1920, p. 75.

Footnote 108:

_Ibid._, 1906, p. 221; 1907, p. 173.

Footnote 109:

_Ibid._, 1902, pp. 171–2.

Footnote 110:

_Ibid._, 1909, p. 146.

Footnote 111:

_Ibid._, 1910, p. 129.

Footnote 112:

Which produces the effect of gilding by application of very finely

divided metallic dust (copper, zinc, tin, antimony, being various

ingredients).

Footnote 113:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1911, pp. 150–7. The form of card

record used can be seen on p. 219 of “Lead Poisoning and Lead

Absorption,” by Drs. Legge and Goadby.

Footnote 114:

A vivid description of women’s work in blue beds before conversion

into white lead was given by Miss Sadler in the Annual Report for

1913.

Footnote 115:

Comprising twenty-one factories registered in 1920, as compared with

639 for pottery manufacture and decoration.

Footnote 116:

Regulations for Manufacture of Electric Accumulators, 1903, No. 1004.

Footnote 117:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1897, p. 101.

Footnote 118:

_Ibid._, 1906, p. 214.

Footnote 119:

_Ibid._, 1900, p. 369.

Footnote 120:

Appointed 1908 by Mr. Herbert Gladstone, reported 1910, Cd. 5219, Cd.

5278, and Cd. 5385.

Footnote 121:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1913, p. 89.

Footnote 122:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1913, pp. 137–8.

Footnote 123:

_Ibid._, 1913, pp. 88, 89.

Footnote 124:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1911, p. 145.

Footnote 125:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1920, p. 84, and Report of War

Cabinet Committee on Women in Industry, 1919; Memorandum by Dr. Janet

Campbell on Health of Women in Industry, p. 293, regarding urgent need

for Women Medical Inspectors of Factories.

Footnote 126:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1911, p. 147. The old Special Rules

have been converted into more modern Regulations in 1921.

Footnote 127:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1912, p. 138.

Footnote 128:

_Ibid._, 1913, p. 87.

Footnote 129:

_Ibid._, 1902, p. 168; and Factory Act, 1901, sect. 136.

Footnote 130:

The varnishing was to make the wings impervious to moisture and air.

For the interesting story of the changed methods, see Annual Report of

the Chief Inspector for 1914, chapter xii., and further, regarding

methods of ventilation, the Annual Report for 1917, pp. 18–20.

Footnote 131:

See Medical Research Committee Annual Report for 1916 and 1917 for

experiments in laboratories and studies in factories.

Footnote 132:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1897, p. 104.

Footnote 133:

_Ibid._, 1910, p. 130.

Footnote 134:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1900, p. 375.

Footnote 135:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1901, p. 175.

Footnote 136:

_Ibid._, 1902, p. 173.

Footnote 137:

A small boy was once found by Miss Vines carrying a weight greater

than his own weight.

Footnote 138:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1903, pp. 221–2.

Footnote 139:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1909, p. 147.

Footnote 140:

_Ibid._, 1909, p. 147.

Footnote 141:

Final Report of the Departmental Committee on Dangerous Trades, 1899,

pp. 31–3 (Cd. 9509).

Footnote 142:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1912, p. 142, and for 1913, p. 90.

Footnote 143:

_Ibid._, 1903, pp. 222–3.

Footnote 144:

See explanation in Introduction, p. 12.

Footnote 145:

The figures are given below in Chapter VI., p. 196.

Footnote 146:

Annual Reports of the Chief Inspector, 1896, p. 66; 1900, p. 377;

1901, p. 170, etc.

Footnote 147:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1900, pp. 377–9.

Footnote 148:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1902, pp. 162–7.

Footnote 149:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1913, pp. 82–3.

Footnote 150:

Published as Form 414, price 1d.: “Memorandum on Fencing of Machinery

and Prevention of Accidents in Laundries.” Second edition issued in

1913. No revision has been found necessary since that date.

Footnote 151:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1913, pp. 84 and 110.

Footnote 152:

By 1911 the attention directed to the matter at last produced “an

apparently satisfactory finger guard for the needle,” and in 1912 two

more guards were devised. Such guards had their main effect where

young machinists were trained to their use from the beginning. For

adult trained workers their effectiveness was slight.

Footnote 153:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1909, p. 142.

Footnote 154:

_Ibid._, 1906, pp. 207–8, and 1909, p. 140.

Footnote 155:

Factory Act, 1891, sect. 17; later sect. 61 of the Act of 1901.

Footnote 156:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1897, pp. 96 and 107.

Footnote 157:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1898, p. 181.

Footnote 158:

_Ibid._, 1897, p. 107.

Footnote 159:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1904, pp. 273–4.

Footnote 160:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1907, p. 184.

Footnote 161:

See Annual Report of the Chief Inspector for the years named.

Footnote 162:

See Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1909, p. 159.

Footnote 163:

See above, Chapter II., p. 57.

Footnote 164:

“Economic Annals of the Nineteenth Century,” by Professor William

Stuart, 1910, Preface, p. vii.

Footnote 165:

The Factory Act, 1891, sect. 18, raised the age of entry from ten to

eleven years, but the change took effect only in January, 1893, and

even then not for any children lawfully employed before January 1. The

age was raised to twelve by the Elementary Education Act Amendment

Act, 1899, in England and Wales. The Act of 1901 made the obligation

general.

Footnote 166:

Cd. 849.

Footnote 167:

Annual Reports of Chief Inspector, 1896, p. 69; for 1900, p. 396; for

1902, p. 184.

Footnote 168:

Such as delicate eyes of girls of twelve and fourteen becoming

inflamed and suffering from conjunctivitis when exposed to dust from

rabbit skins dressed with mercury solution in fur-pulling works. See

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1899, pp. 273–4.

Footnote 169:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1901, pp. 186–7.

Footnote 170:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1905, pp. 319–20.

Footnote 171:

In this ancient industry the feature of sub-employment by working

potters obtained, and gave a distinctive quality to the workplace as

compared with that of other more modern industries.

Footnote 172:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1905, p. 314.

Footnote 173:

She had been working there and presenting living pictures of

conditions in industry for several years, and the accompanying Annual

Report for 1906 should be specially studied to see what she did.

Footnote 174:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1908, pp. 154–5.

Footnote 175:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1908, p. 154.

Footnote 176:

_Ibid._, 1906, pp. 230–1.

Footnote 177:

See Annual Reports of Chief Inspector, 1911, pp. 156–7; 1912, p. 149;

1913, p. 98.

Footnote 178:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1917, p. 16.

Footnote 179:

Annual Reports of Chief Inspector, 1901, p. 152, and 1902, pp. 147 and

194–205.

Footnote 180:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1905, p. 258.

Footnote 181:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1913, p. 94.

Footnote 182:

_Ibid._, 1914, pp. 46–7.

Footnote 183:

Annual Reports of Chief Inspector, 1879, p. 98.

Footnote 184:

_Ibid._, 1921, pp. 9 and 10.

Footnote 185:

See footnote, Introduction, p. 12.

Footnote 186:

Debates on Home Office Estimates, August 5, 1901, and June 29, 1903.

Footnote 187:

In 1910 the figures were: Males, 118,822 (fatal 1,049); females 10,728

(fatal 31). The rates of the two do not vary widely.

Footnote 188:

Report published 1919, Cmd. 135. See especially pp. 170 and 253.

Footnote 189:

“Science of Labour,” by Dr. Josefa Joteyko. George Routledge and Sons,

Ltd., 1919.

Footnote 190:

This assertion appears to be supported by the summaries I made for the

Annual Reports for 1894, pp. 33–4, on French laws and orders, and for

1895, pp. 136–219, on German and Austrian industrial codes, and in

various other places, before public interest in comparative labour

legislation had been awakened.

References by Women Inspectors, and particularly by Miss Squire to law

and administration in other industrial countries, appear in my Annual

Reports over and over again, generally where our laws were inadequate

to remedy complaints. For instance, complaints on defective light in

the factory, lack of washing conveniences, on heavy weight carrying

and dangerous processes (see Annual Reports of Chief Inspector for

1897, pp. 103–5; 1898, p. 169; 1899, p. 239; 1904, p. 243).

I also visited continental countries to inspect factories with the

Inspectors of the country, and to study their office methods (see

Annual Reports, 1899, 1901, and 1902), and to take part in Congresses

and International Exhibitions (see Annual Reports, 1903, 1911, and

1920).

I began to study fatigue prevention after conferring with Dr. Josefa

Joteyko in Brussels in 1903.

Footnote 191:

_Women’s Industrial News_, January, 1915; article by Dorothy Haynes,

p. 313.

Footnote 192:

In a few instances, where men and boys were jointly concerned with

women in contraventions—_e.g._, in Truck cases, fencing of machinery

in laundries, or illegal employment of children—a Woman Inspector

would take proceedings for both.

Footnote 193:

Factory Act, 1878, sect. 81; later Factory Act, 1901, sect. 135 (2).

Footnote 194:

From shorthand notes of the case quoted in Annual Report of the Chief

Inspector for 1901, pp. 278–9.

Footnote 195:

See Annual Report of the Chief Inspector for 1900, pp. 360 and 363.

Footnote 196:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1899, p. 249.

Footnote 197:

See Annual Report of the Chief Inspector for 1899, p. 247.

Footnote 198:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1901, p. 161.

Footnote 199:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1912, pp. 142–4.

Footnote 200:

_Ibid._, 1913, pp. 70–3, 100–1.

Footnote 201:

Article on “Women and Industrial Changes,” by Sir Clement Kinloch-

Cooke, M.P., in the _Nineteenth Century and After_, for December,

1915, p. 1405.

Footnote 202:

In 1907, _textiles_ employed 690,834 women and girls and 410,743 men

and boys; _clothing_ employed 487,167 women and girls and 181,862 men

and boys; _laundries_ employed 103,635 women and girls and 11,466 men

and boys; _fish curing_ and _fruit preserving_ 29,677 women and girls

and 11,440 men and boys.

Footnote 203:

See Memorandum on War Office Contracts, Cd. 8447, and “Labour and

Capital after the War,” by S. J. Chapman, C.B.E., pp. 73–6.

Footnote 204:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1914, p. 45.

Footnote 205:

See Annual Reports of Chief Inspector for 1915, 1916, and 1917;

collection of Pamphlets on “Substitution of Women in Industry,” 1917,

and Home Office Memorandum on Substitution of Women in non-Munition

Factories, 1919.

Footnote 206:

These were made under Section 150 of the Act of 1901, providing for

public emergency.

Footnote 207:

See “Labour and Capital after the War,” by S. J. Chapman, C.B.E.,

1919; “Women’s War Work,” issued by the War Office, Chiswick Press;

and Various Reports on Dilution issued by the Ministry of Munitions.

Footnote 208:

See Annual Reports of the Chief Inspector for 1916, p. 9, and for

1918, p. 31.

Footnote 209:

“Rightly unsuccessful are some experiments in unsuitable

directions ... in operating the tilting furnaces in brass casting ...

it was too exhausting even for short spells, and very few men coming

fresh to the work can stand it for long at a time.”—Annual Report of

Chief Inspector, 1917, p. 12.

Footnote 210:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1917, p. 12.

Footnote 211:

_Ibid._, 1917, p. 13.

Footnote 212:

Home Office Memorandum on Substitution of Women, 1919, pp. 7 and 48.

Footnote 213:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1920, p. 16, and the Restoration of

Pre-War Practice in Industry Act, 1919.

Footnote 214:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1917, pp. 11 and 14.

Footnote 215:

_Ibid._, pp. 9 and 13.

Footnote 216:

Who increased until they numbered 900,000 women and girls.

Footnote 217:

Ten and a half hours net and sixty hours weekly maximum.

Footnote 218:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1914, pp. 40–41.

Footnote 219:

Such as two daily 8-hour shifts, three 8-hour shifts in the twenty-

four hours, and two 10 or 10½-hour shifts in the twenty-four hours.

See Annual Report of the Chief Inspector for 1915, p. 9; for 1917, p.

7; and 1918, pp. 2–12.

Footnote 220:

In 1915 a woman working daily in a munition factory from 7 a.m. to

8.30 p.m., on Saturdays from 7 a.m. to 8.45 p.m., and Sundays from 8

a.m. to 5 p.m., besides spending two hours daily in transit to and

from her work, informed an Inspector that she was able to work these

long hours chiefly because of the good food she was able to obtain as

the result of increased wages. She had an invalid husband and six

children under twelve years to support. Although she paid a woman 8s.

a week to mind her children and spent 2s. 6d. on tram fares weekly,

still her wages allowed her to feed better than she had ever done

before.

Footnote 221:

See “Labour and Capital after the War,” already cited, p. 85.

Footnote 222:

See above, p. 198, and “Science of Labour,” by Dr. Josefa Joteyko,

1919 (G. Routledge and Sons, Ltd.).

Footnote 223:

Appointed in the summer of 1915 “to consider and advise on questions

of industrial fatigue, hours of labour, and other matters affecting

the permanent health and physical efficiency of workers in munition

factories.”

Footnote 224:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1919, p. 10.

Footnote 225:

The word “work” appears to be the root in the diverse words “energy,”

“liturgy.”

Footnote 226:

See the Sayings of the Vicar of Morwenstowe in the first number of the

_Beacon_.

Footnote 227:

See Chapter IV., p. 94.

Footnote 228:

Police Factories, etc., (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1916, sect. 7

(1).

Footnote 229:

From France, Belgium, Italy, and Germany; see Annual Report of Chief

Inspector, 1903. In 1913 the Home Office appointed Professor Stanley

Kent to make physiological investigation into fatigue in industry.

Footnote 230:

For textbooks and pamphlets it may suffice to refer readers to the

“Health of the Munition Worker,” a handbook prepared by the Health of

Munition Workers Committee, published in 1917, and to the “Welfare”

pamphlet series issued by the Home Office, 1917–21.

Footnote 231:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1899, p. 258, and for 1904, p. 243.

Footnote 232:

As may be seen in the literary use of the word by Chaucer and in the

Authorized Version.

Footnote 233:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1900, p. 356.

Footnote 234:

_Ibid._, 1907, p. 188.

Footnote 235:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1907, p. 161.

Footnote 236:

_Ibid._, 1911, pp. 138–9.

Footnote 237:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1908, p. 134.

Footnote 238:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1907, p. 173.

Footnote 239:

_Ibid._, 1909, p. 148.

Footnote 240:

“Hygiene and Industrial Employment,” by Hilda Martindale. Address read

at the Congress of the Royal Sanitary Institute in Belfast, January,

1911.

Footnote 241:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1912, pp. 150–1.

Footnote 242:

_Ibid._, 1909, p. 122.

Footnote 243:

At Bedford College for Women and the London School of Economics.

Footnote 244:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1913, p. 100.

Footnote 245:

_Ibid._, 1913, p. 101.

Footnote 246:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1914, p. 52.

Footnote 247:

_Ibid._, 1915, p. 15.

Footnote 248:

6 & 7 Geo. V., c. 31, A.D. 1916.

Footnote 249:

And have with great benefit to the workers been made compulsory in the

fish-curing industry in Yarmouth and Lowestoft.

Footnote 250:

The provisions were for suitable protective clothing, accommodation

for clothing of women and girls under charge of a responsible person,

a suitable messroom separate from the cloakroom, furnished with

sufficient tables and seats with back rests, adequate means of warming

food and boiling water and washing facilities, and the messroom has to

be sufficiently warmed for use during meals and to be placed under the

charge of a responsible person and be kept clean.

Footnote 251:

Since August, 1921, an order has been made regarding welfare

conditions in an individual factory.

Footnote 252:

Annual Report of Chief Inspector for 1916, p. 10. The following and

many more examples can be seen in subsequent Annual Reports, and in an

account of works’ committees issued by the Ministry of Labour, and in

the organ of the Welfare Workers’ Institute.

Footnote 253:

Published by H.M. Stationery Office: (1) Protective Clothing; (2)

Messrooms and Canteens; (3) Welfare Supervision; (4) First-Aid and

Ambulance; (5) Ventilation; (6) Seats for Workers; (7) Lighting in

Factories and Workshops; (8) Cloakrooms, Washing Facilities, Drinking

Water, and Sanitary Accommodation.

Footnote 254:

See Annual Report of the Chief Inspector, 1919, chapter viii., and

Annual Report of Chief Inspector, 1920, chapter vi.

Footnote 255:

See footnote to p. 290.

Footnote 256:

These Chemical Regulations were confirmed on July 11, 1922, and in

consequence the Benzine (No. 3) and Chromate (No. 10) Regulations were

revoked.

Footnote 257:

Under the Anthrax Prevention Act, 1919, provision has been made and of

all wool and animal hair from Egypt. (See also Nos. 37 and 38.)

Footnote 258:

The Women and Young Persons (Employment in Lead Processes) Act, 1920,

prohibits altogether their employment in certain processes connected

with lead manufacture and in any process involving the use of lead

compounds and causing dust and fumes, or in which the workers are

liable to be splashed with a lead compound, subject to medical

examination, provision of exhaust ventilation to remove dust or fumes,

protective clothing, messroom and cloakroom, and cleanliness of tools,

apparatus, and workrooms.

Footnote 259:

See footnote, p. 296.

Footnote 260:

Total cases in factory and workshop.

Footnote 261:

All the female cases in coach painting were due to painting

perambulators, except the one in 1917.

Footnote 262:

All due to heading of yarn.

Footnote 263:

Of these cases four were due to heading of yarn and twelve to bullet

and shrapnel making.

Footnote 264:

In 1913 eighteen cases among women were due to heading of yarn.

Footnote 265:

In 1908 seven cases among women were due to heading of yarn.

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27 grew steadily and rapidly, until grew steadily and rapidly, until

in 1819 a in 1919 a

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297 for the disinfection, on arrival [This line was removed because

in Great Britain, of goat hair there is no related content on

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