[1291] P. 746.
[1292] P. 746.
[1293] P. 750.
[1294] Pp. 744, 750 f.
[1295] P. 751.
[1296] P. 754. To Ratzeberger, Court Physician to the Elector, Aug.
6, 1545: “_credo, nos esse tubam illam novissimam, qua præparatur e
præcurritur adventus Christi_.” Cp. above, vol. v., p. 239.
[1297] P. 740.
[1298] See below, p. 352.
[1299] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 606.
[1300] To Amsdorf, June 15, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 743.
[1301] “Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 513. Cp. also the passage quoted above, vol.
v., p. 237.
[1302] For the breaking off of the sermons in 1530 see above, p. 168. We
read in the “Historien” of Mathesius, that Luther “In [15]39 said wildly
that he would never again get up in the pulpit.”
[1303] “Briefe,” 5, p. 752 f.
[1304] On Catherine’s position at Wittenberg the following words speak
volumes: “After my death the four elements [Faculties] at Wittenberg
will most likely not put up with you, hence it would be better that what
there is to do were done during my lifetime.” Luther was right in his
anticipations. After his decease “the sad fate of a poor parson’s widow
was not spared her. In countless petitions to the King of Denmark, ‘Dr.
Martin’s widow’ had year by year to beg for support now that ‘everyone
looks at me askance and no one comes to my assistance.’” Hausrath,
“Luthers Leben,” 2, p. 497 f.
[1305] Cp. Cruciger, “Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 313.
[1306] Ratzeberger, “Gesch.,” p. 125.
[1307] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 608. What Aurifaber relates in the German
Table-Talk of a conversation of Luther’s on the bigamy of Philip of Hesse
“at Leipzig in 1545 during a convivial gathering” (Erl. ed., 61, p.
302) rests on a false chronology and only repeats a conversation which
took place much earlier. For the incorrectness of the date given, see
Cristiani in the “Revue des questions historiques,” 91, 1912, p. 113.
[1308] “Briefwechsel,” ed. Burkhardt, p. 482 f.
[1309] In Latin in “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, p. 480 _sqq._ German according to
the Wittenberg original ed. of 1545, in Erl. ed., 65, p. 170 ff.
[1310] See above, vol. iii., p. 268.
[1311] Theses 31 and 32, p. 173.
[1312] Cp. Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 609.
[1313] Letter of Jan. 17, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 778.
[1314] See vol. iii., p. 147.
[1315] “Briefe,” 5, p. 761
[1316] Above, vol. v., p. 394 f.
[1317] Cp. “Theol. Stud. und Krit.,” 1894, p. 771 f.
[1318] “Briefe,” 5, p. 764 f.
[1319] Aug. 19, 1545, _ib._, p. 757.
[1320] _Ib._, p. 768.
[1321] P. 769.
[1322] “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 11, p. 325.
[1323] To Amsdorf, Jan. 19, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 780.
[1324] To Prince George, Administrator of Merseburg, Oct., 1545, _ib._,
p. 759.
[1325] To Count Albert of Mansfeld, Dec. 6, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 771.
[1326] Hausrath, “Leben Luthers,” 2, p. 483.
[1327] See above, vol. v., p. 261.
[1328] “Orthodoxa Tigurinæ ecclesiæ ministrorum confessio … cum
responsione ad vanas et offendiculi plenas D. Martini calumnias,
condemnationes et convicia, etc.,” 1545.
[1329] To Jakob Probst, Jan. 17, 1546, “Briefe,” 4, p. 778. Cp. Ps. 1, 1:
“_Beatus vir qui non abiit in consilio impiorum et in via peccatorum non
stetit et in cathedra pestilentiæ non sedit_.”
[1330] April 14, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 728.
[1331] Hausrath, _ib._, 2, p. 469.
[1332] See Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 570. He was referring to Luther’s
attitude towards the lawyers. On Melanchthon’s earlier plan of leaving
the town, see above, vol. iii., p. 370 f.
[1333] Cp. No. 16 of the Theses “Wider die Theologisten zu Löven,” Erl.
ed., 65, p. 171, and the passage from Mathesius quoted in the following
note.
[1334] Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 341 with Kroker’s remarks; the
latter places this important utterance recorded by Besold (1544) in its
right chronological setting, as against Lœsche and Köstlin. Here Luther
says, in condemnation of processions: “_Alia res est circumferri, alia
elevari_.” The Wittenberg Concord says evasively: “The Body of Christ is
present when the bread is received, and is truly given.” Köstlin-Kawerau,
2, p. 346.
[1335] Hausrath, “Leben Luthers,” 2, p. 475. The latter says of the
charges made by the Zwinglians: “It is not surprising that his opponents
found that his (Luther’s) obstinacy and his hatred of everything
Zwinglian was leading him into palpable self-contradiction.”
[1336] Hausrath, _ib._, p. 465.
[1337] Hausrath, _ib._, p. 477 f.
[1338] “Briefe,” 5, p. 715.
[1339] [The 4th Commandment, with the Lutherans as with the Catholics,
is that known as the 5th by Anglicans and the English sects. Note to the
English edition.]
[1340] Köstlin-Kawerau (above, vol. iv., p. 288).
[1341] Weim. ed., 30, 3, p. 207: Erl. ed., 23, p. 95 f.
[1342] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 469 f.
[1343] See vol. iv., p. 289 f.
[1344] “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 292.
[1345] To the Elector Johann Frederick, Jan. 22, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p.
614.
[1346] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 570. The text is embodied in the German
Table-Talk, Erl. ed., 62, p. 240. See in vol. iii., p. 39 ff. some
further utterances of Luther’s on the marriages in question. The allusion
above to “the paternal consent that follows” is probably to be understood
as referring to the unlawfulness of any subsequent ratification by the
parents. Such in any case was Luther’s view: “In his eyes the secret
betrothals were sinful, even when the consent was obtained afterwards,
nay actually invalid,” Kawerau, 2, p. 570. After Luther’s “victory” in
1545 it was, however, decided that such marriages should be null and
void until the parents gave their consent, or until the Consistories had
determined whether the parents’ refusal was based on valid, important or
sufficient grounds.
[1347] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, pp. 571, 687, n. “_Fax domestica_,” see above,
vol. iii., p. 216.
[1348] To Spalatin, Jan. 30, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 626.
[1349] To Caspar Beier, Jan. 27, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 721: “_Responde
amori te amantis et anxie expectantis, nihil moratus Satanæ et
Satanicorum verba, quorum mundus plenus_.”
[1350] Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 340. Cp. “Aufzeichn.,” p. 355 f. and
Erl. ed., 62, pp. 95 and 282.
[1351] Erl. ed., 62, p. 214 ff. and “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 287
_sqq._
[1352] Erl. ed., 62, p. 245.
[1353] To Melanchthon, Feb. 6, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 785.
[1354] Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 3.
[1355] _Ib._, p. 14, and see above, vol. iv., p. 289 f.
[1356] Schlaginhaufen, _ib._, p. 81.
[1357] From the sermon of Feb. 23, 1539, “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p.
295.
[1358] Jan. 9, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 712.
[1359] “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p. 284.
[1360] Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 193.
[1361] Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 290.
[1362] To Wenceslaus Link, Sep. 8, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 399.
[1363] To Anton Lauterbach, Nov. 10, 1541, _ib._, p. 407.
[1364] To Duke Maurice of Saxony, 1541 (not dated), _ib._, p. 417.
[1365] To a Town Councillor, Jan. 27, 1543, _ib._, p. 537.
[1366] To Amsdorf, July 21, 1544, _ib._, p. 675.
[1367] To Lauterbach, April 2, 1543, _ib._, p. 552.
[1368] To Justus Menius, May 1, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 467.
[1369] Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 124.
[1370] Nov. 3, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 598.
[1371] Erl. ed., 62, p. 245.
[1372] “Ratzebergers Gesch.,” p. 131.
[1373] Erl. ed., 62, p. 234.
[1374] “Ratzebergers Gesch.,” p. 132.
[1375] Erl. ed., 20², 2, p. 472 ff.
[1376] _Ib._, p. 479 f.
[1377] P. 479.
[1378] P. 475. This is not the only passage in which Luther labels the
concupiscence “which everyone feels” as a “sin.”
[1379] P. 481.
[1380] P. 480.
[1381] P. 482.
[1382] Jan. 8, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 773: “_Spiritus Munsterianus post
rusticos nunc nobiles invasit_,” etc.
[1383] Feb. 10, 1546, _ib._, p. 789.
[1384] To Beier, see above, p. 359, n. 3.
[1385] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 495.
[1386] Erl. ed., 62, p. 287. Cp. the chapter of the Table-Talk dealing
with the “schools and universities” (_ib._, pp. 285-308), and “Colloq.,”
ed. Bindseil, 2, pp. 13-20 where many excellent thoughts are found.
[1387] See above, vol. iv., p. 228 f.
[1388] Erl. ed., 62, p. 291 f.
[1389] Hausrath, 2, p. 487 f.
[1390] _Ib._, p. 488.
[1391] Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 87.
[1392] _Ib._, p. 135.
[1393] The fragmentary work, ed. E. Thiele in the “Neudrucken deutscher
Literaturwerke,” No. 76, according to the Cod. Ottobon. 3029 in the
Vat. Library. For an older ed. see “Luthers Werke,” ed. Walch, 14, p.
1365 f.—Cp. Luther’s praise of Æsop and hints on its use, in Mathesius,
“Tischreden,” p. 379.
[1394] End of July, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 753. See above, vol iii., pp.
280 f., 307.
[1395] Feb. 7, 1546, _ib._, p. 787.
[1396] Erl. ed., 32, p. 426. The Latin verses begin: “_Dura lues pestis,
sed mors est durior illa_.” One may well ask whether the broadside, which
bears no date, was not perhaps written in Germany by friends of Luther’s
to afford a pretext for inveighing anew against the Catholics.
[1397] Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 323 f., 12, 113.
[1398] Erl. ed., 61, p. 435.
[1399] Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 115.
[1400] To Jonas, Feb. 25, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 439.
[1401] Mathesius, _ib._, p. 113.
[1402] _Ib._, p. 384.
[1403] _Ib._, p. 113.
[1404] Weim. ed., 30, 3, p. 387; Erl. ed., 25², p. 87.
[1405] Erl. ed., 52, p. 36.
[1406] _Ib._, 61, p. 432; 64, p. 289. Cp. _ib._, 3², p. 418 f.; 11², p.
148; Weim. ed., 16, p. 418 f.=Erl. ed., 36, p. 27. “Briefe,” 6, p. 411.
[1407] “Briefe,” 5, p. 780. For the devil’s preference for water see
above, vol. v., p. 285.
[1408] Erl. ed., 20², 2, p. 483 ff.
[1409] Hausrath, 2, p. 493. Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 618.
[1410] To Catherine Bora, Feb. 14, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 792.
[1411] “Briefe,” 5, p. 783 f.
[1412] _Ib._, p. 789 f.
[1413] Erl. ed., 65, 187 ff.
[1414] March 9, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 725.
[1415] “Werke,” Walch’s ed., 21, p. 282.*
[1416] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 619.
[1417] Above, p. 132.
[1418] “Briefe,” 5, p. 791 f.
[1419] _Ib._, p. 792.
[1420] Erl. ed., 61, p. 437.
[1421] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 614.
[1422] To Amsdorf, Jan. 8, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 773.
[1423] The phrase was a popular one and, though not above a suspicion of
frivolity, was certainly not “blasphemous.” The account here is that of
Jonas.
[1424] “Briefe,” 6, p. 414: “_Scripturas sacras sciat se nemo degustasse
satis, nisi centum annis cum prophetis, ut Elia et Elisæo, Ioanne
Baptista, Christo et Apostolis ecclesias gubernavit. Hanc tu ne Æneida
tenta, sed vestigia pronus adora ~[cf. Statius, _Thebaid._ l. 12, v. 816
_sq._]. We are beggars,~ hoc est verum. 16 Februarii anno 1546._”
[1425] The following narrative is based on the account of witnesses who
were present at the death or called in immediately after, viz. on the
letter of Jonas to the Elector of Saxony dated in the night of Luther’s
death (Kawerau, “Briefwechsel des Jonas,” 2, p. 177 ff.), the letters
of Count Albert of Mansfeld and Prince Wolfgang of Anhalt to the same
and sent on the same day (Förstemann, “Denkmale,” 1846, p. 17 f.),
the letter of Johann Aurifaber to Michael Gutt, also of the same date
(Kolde, “Analecta,” p. 427); then on the panegyric of Michael Cœlius on
Feb. 20 at Eisleben, published together with the panegyric of Jonas at
Wittenberg, 1546, and reprinted together with other matter in “Werke,”
ed. Walch, 21, p. 274* ff. and particularly, the “Historia” of the death
written by Jonas, Cœlius and Aurifaber which appeared at Wittenberg in
the middle of March, 1546. It is also reprinted in Walch, _ib._, p.
280* ff. For the report of the apothecary Johann Landau see below, p.
379. Of no importance for the account of the death is the so-called
“Neues Fragment zu Luthers Tod,” given by G. L. Burr in the “Americ.
Hist. Rev.” (July, 1911, pp. 723-736), as it is merely a repetition
by one of Melanchthon’s pupils of the latter’s funeral address. The
account, first made public at Philadelphia by A. Spaeth, and printed
in the “Lutherkalender” for 1911 (p. 88), likewise contains nothing
substantially new.
[1426] Ratzeberger, “Gesch.,” p. 138. That the idea embodied in the verse
was familiar to Luther is clear from other sayings: cp. above, vol.
v., p. 102 and below, p. 394. Ratzeberger’s narrative cannot, however,
compare in value with the other authorities quoted above, p. 376, n. 2,
and Catholic writers have lent too much credence to it. Luther’s prayer,
for instance, which Ratzeberger quotes as having been overheard by a
servant, Johann Sickell, is given only by him (p. 140).
[1427] With the silence of the witnesses present it is rather difficult
to square the statement contained in an Autograph of Paul, Luther’s son,
which according to Köstlin-Kawerau (2, p. 695) lies in the library at
Rudolstadt; it tells how he, and his brother Martin, while standing by
their father’s bedside had heard him repeat three times the text, John
iii. 16.
[1428] In Cochlæus, “Ex compendio actorum M. Lutheri caput ultimum,
etc.,” Moguntiæ, 1548. In 1565 the account was embodied in the larger
work of Cochlæus: “De actis et scriptis M. Lutheri.” To N. Paulus (below,
p. 381, n. 2) belongs the credit of having examined in detail the report
(p. 67 ff.) and pointed out the author.
[1429] For some further remarks of the apothecary see above, vol. iii.,
p. 304.
[1430] “_Visa enim est tortura oris et dexterum latus totum infuscatum._”
[1431] On the grave see Köstlin, “Theol. Stud. und Krit.,” 1894, p. 630
ff, 1897, pp. 192 ff., 824 ff. and in the “RE. f. prot. Th.,” 11³, p. 752
f. Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 626.
[1432] Paulus, “Luthers Lebensende, eine kritische Untersuchung”
(“Erläuterungen und Erganzungen zu Janssens Gesch. des deutschen Volkes,”
vol. i., Hft. 1), 1898, p. 63.
[1433] Paulus, _ib._, pp. 67-82. It may be added that, in the 2nd decade
of the 17th century the fable had no support at Munich, for Ægidius
Albertinus in his work “Der Teutschen Recreation,” printed there in 1613
(which contains many falsehoods about Luther), says he “died a sudden
death”; it is said that “a stroke, _apoplexia_, or the hand of God, smote
him” (p. 85 f.). That his sudden death as the result of a stroke was
known abroad is also plain from the account of Pedro de Gante, Secretary
to the Duke of Najera. This contemporary of Luther’s writes in his
“Relaciones” (Madrid, 1873), p. 149: Luther went to bed without feeling
ill, but, “early in the morning he was found dead in his bed, wearing
such a dreadful countenance that it was impossible to look at him without
being dismayed.” Cp. “Zeitschr. f. KG.,” 14, 1894, p. 454.
[1434] See above, vol. iv., p. 304.
[1435] Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 236. Paulus (p. 27) notes that, according
to Aurifaber in Luther’s Table-Talk (Eisleben, 1566), p. 586, and
Spangenberg in his “Theander Lutherus,” p. 191´, the Papists had told the
same tale of Luther whilst he was still alive. Thus Luther’s own methods
were applied to himself.
[1436] Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 83. Erl. ed., 60, p. 327.
[1437] “Werke,” _ib._, p. 329.
[1438] See the chapter of the Table-Talk entitled “The end of the enemies
of God’s Word,” _ib._, p. 327 ff.
[1439] _Ib._, p. 328.
[1440] Paulus, p. 5 ff.
[1441] Erl. ed., 31, p. 318. Cp. Kawerau, “Briefwechsel des Jonas,” 1, p.
116. Paulus, _ib._, p. 7.
[1442] “Rechte Ausslegung der geheymen Offenbarung” (no place), 1589, p.
19; Paulus, _ib._, p. 21. Staphylus, as Paulus points out, really died a
very edifying death.
[1443] Paulus, _ib._, p. 61, n. 2.
[1444] _Ib._, p. 61 f.
[1445] _Ib._, p. 60, n. 6.
[1446] “Corp. ref.,” 6, p. 58 _sq._
[1447] “Werke,” Walch’s ed., p. 365* ff.
[1448] _Ib._, p. 329* ff.
[1449] Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans., 6, p. 419).
Cp. on the medals M. C. Juncker, “Vita Lutheri nummis illustrata,”
Francof. et Lipsiæ, 1699, e.g. p. 176 (Plate II), and p. 459. Juncker
enlarged this work and published it in German as “Das Guldene und
Silberne Ehrengedächtniss Lutheri,” Franc. and Leipsig, 1706. Cp. on
p. 212 the medal of 1546. On p. 260 he says that at the Wittenberg
Schlosskirche there was “an altar over which was a life-size effigy of
Luther as he stood in the pulpit”; beside him was Melanchthon baptising a
child and Bugenhagen sitting in the confessional. On another picture in
the parish church see F. S. Keil, “Luthers merkwürdige Lebensumstände,”
Leipsig, 1764, p. 280.—Albertinus (above, p. 382, n.) speaks, p. 87, of
a wooden effigy of Luther in the Schlosskirche bearing the inscription:
“_Divus et sanctus doctor Martinus Lutherus, propheta Germaniæ_.”
[1450] We find them in reprints of 1519, 1520 and 1521. One edition with
the Wittenberg imprint contains the picture, but was really printed at
Strasburg. Thomas Murner, writing from Strasburg, refers to the picture
in 1520. See below, section 4.
[1451] “Historien von des ehrwirden in Gott seligen thewren Manns Gottes
Doctoris M. Lutheri Anfang, Lehr, Leben und Sterben,” Nürnberg, 1566, Bl.
200.
[1452] _Ib._, Preface.
[1453] “Studien und Skizzen zur Gesch. der Reformationszeit,” 1874, p.
211.
[1454] See above, vol. iii., p. 228.
[1455] Erl. ed., 57, p. xvi.
[1456] Account of Hieronymus Mencel, dated Nov. 1, 1562, Köstlin-Kawerau,
2, p. 695.
[1457] “Theander Lutherus,” Ursel, pp. 45, 193.
[1458] Flacius, “Clarissimæ quædam notæ veræ ac falsæ religionis,”
Magdeburgi, 1549, end of cap. 15.
[1459] “Luthers Werke,” Jena ed., 1555 ff., vol. i., Preface.
[1460] That the proposition “‘Good works are harmful to salvation’ is a
right, true and Christian one, taught and preached by Saints Paul and
Luther.” 1559.
[1461] “Werke,” Walch’s ed., 24, p. 250.
[1462] _Ib._, 21, p. 380.*
[1463] H. Lietzmann, “Zu Luthers Grabschrift,” in “Zietschr. f. wiss.
Th.,” 1911, p. 171 f., points out that as there can be no doubt that
Luther was born on Nov. 10, 1483, his age as given in the epitaph ANN.
LXIII M(enses) II D(ies) X is “quite wrong,” but that the error can be
explained by the fact that the writer or the workman transposed one of
the strokes from the months to the years; it should read: ANN. LXII M.
III D. X.
[1464] Reprinted in Walch, 24, p. 250 ff. The poem begins: “_Hic prope
Martini rursus victuri Lutheri_.”
[1465] Walch, 24, p. 253 f.
[1466] Walch, 24, p. 258, commencing “_Hœc erat effigies operose facta
Luthero_.”
[1467] Vol. ii., p. 355; vol. v., p. 341.
[1468] Above, p. 29.
[1469] Vol. ii., p. 253; vol. iv., p. 354.
[1470] Vol. ii., p. 335.
[1471] De Rossi, “Inscriptiones christ. Urbis Romæ,” 2, 1, p. 147.
[1472] Weim. ed., 30, 3, p. 279 f.; Erl. ed., 25², p. 8.
[1473] Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 66.
[1474] K. L. Grube, in the “KL.,” 12², Sp. 1720.
[1475] Weim. ed., 15, p. 254; Erl. ed., 24², p. 222.
[1476] Erl. ed., 65, p. 221.
[1477] Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 121.
[1478] Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 119. The Bible passage alluded to (Rom.
vi. 7) says rather that, in the man who is justified, the old man being
crucified with Christ is dead to sin.
[1479] “Werke,” Walch’s ed., 21, p. 383.*
[1480] Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 74.
[1481] Weim. ed., 23, p. 36; Erl. ed., 30, p. 13.
[1482] _Ib._, Erl. ed., 49, p. 359 ff., 1538.
[1483] Weim. ed., 33, p. 626 f; Erl. ed., 48, p. 358 f.
[1484] Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 10.
[1485] To Justus Jonas, Sep. 30, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 591.
[1486] Weim. ed., 23, p. 32; Erl. ed., 30, p. 8.
[1487] _Ib._, p. 27 ff.=2 ff.
[1488] _Ib._, p. 27=3.
[1489] _Ib._, 33, p. 630=48, p. 361.
[1490] _Ib._, p. 634 f.=365.
[1491] Weim. ed. 10, 2, p. 105; Erl. ed. 28, p. 143.
[1492] Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 54.
[1493] See above, vol. iv., p. 44.
[1494] To Lauterbach, Nov. 3, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 598.
[1495] Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 119.
[1496] “Luther, eine Skizze,” pp. 51, 57; “KL.,” col. 339, 343.
[1497] Dec. 22, 1525, to Duke George of Saxony (?), Erl. ed., 53, p. 340
(“Briefwechsel,” 5, p. 281). Cp. Weim. ed., 7, p. 274; Erl. ed., 27, p.
210, where the assertion also occurs that, my doctrine “is not mine but
God’s,” “because it is the very Gospel itself” (1521). The allusion is of
course to Galatians, i. 1 ff.
[1498] Weim. ed., 10, 2, p. 105 f.; Erl. ed., 28, p. 142 f.
[1499] “Luthers Werke,” Erl. ed., 25², p. 159.
[1500] Cp. the 18th-century Protestant historian, G. J. Planck, “Gesch.
der Entstehung des protestant. Lehrbegriffs,” 1², Leipsig, 1791, pp. 2,
3, 41.
[1501] Above, vol. i., p. 45 ff.
[1502] Weim. ed., 8, p. 683; Erl. ed., 22, p. 53.
[1503] _Ib._, p. 684=54.
[1504] On the ecclesiastical and social disorders see above, vol. i. and
ii., _passim_.
[1505] Weim. ed., 10, 1, p. 707 ff.: Erl. ed., 10², p. 464 f.
[1506] _Ib._
[1507] For Luther’s strange idea that the rapid spread of his doctrine
was really a “miracle,” see above, vol. iii., p. 156, etc.
[1508] See, for instance, the passages from Aurifaber and Spangenberg,
below, p. 416.
[1509] See above, vol. v., p. 393.
[1510] “Deutsche Literaturztng.,” 1898, p. 1005.
[1511] M. Spahn, “J. Cochläus,” 1898, p. 90.
[1512] Cp. J. Schlecht, “Hist. Jahrb.,” 19, 1898, p. 938, quoted from
Cochlæus’s “Vorrede zu Hertzog Georgs Entschuldigung,” 1533.
[1513] “De Actis,” etc., Moguntiæ, 1549, Preface.
[1514] Letter to Pirkheimer, Sep. 5, 1525. Quoted by Schlecht, “Jahrb.,”
_ib._
[1515] “De Actis,” etc., p. 318.
[1516] Preface.
[1517] _Ib._
[1518] “De Actis,” p. 317.
[1519] “De Actis,” p. 318.
[1520] Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” Engl. Trans, vii., p. 304.
[1521] See above, vol. iv., p. 475. Characteristic of Amsdorf is his
assurance in the Preface to vol. i. of the Jena ed. of Luther’s works
(1555), that Luther, whose books “could not be paid for with all the
world’s goods and gold,” was especially deserving of praise because
he had eradicated “the worst and most pernicious heresy that had ever
appeared on earth, viz. that good works are necessary for salvation.”
[1522] Kawerau, “RE. f. prot. Th.”³, Art. “Menius.”
[1523] The only one of all the “reformers” who did not regard the Pope as
Antichrist was, according to R. Mumm (“Die Polemik des Martin Chemnitz
gegen das Konzil von Trient,” Part I., p. 41), the Calvinist theologian
Zanchi. The latter, however, protested against such a “calumny,” as he
called it; see Paulus, against Mumm, in the “Theolog. Revue,” 1906, p. 17.
[1524] “Luthers Werke,” Jena ed., vol. i., 1555.
[1525] To Ehrhard Schnepf, Nov. 10, 1553, “Corp. ref.,” 8, p. 171.
[1526] “Corp. ref.,” 8, p. 798.
[1527] Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), 14, p. 157.
[1528] “Theander Lutherus, Vom werthen Gottes Manne D.M. Luther,” 12.
[1529] A. Kluckhohn, “Briefe Friedrich des Frommen, Kurfürsten von der
Pfalz,” 1, p. 478.
[1530] _Ib._, p. 587. Of Luther’s doctrine of the ubiquity of Christ’s
human nature the Prince says, “it degrades the manhood of Christ and
makes it something so intangible that it exists in all stones, wood,
leaves, grass, apples, pears and in all that lives, also in the stinking
swine and, as someone had admitted to the old Landgrave, in the great
wine-tun at Stuttgart.”
[1531] Janssen, _ib._, 8, 175.
[1532] Janssen, _ib._, p. 176.
[1533] Janssen, _ib._, p. 176 f. Cp. the 1571 inscription under Luther’s
memorial at Jena where the Latin verses on the founder of the University
run as follows:
“_Esset ut hæc sanctæ doctrinæ strenue custos_
_Condidit ad Salæ pulcra fluenta scholam_
_Quæ tumidos docto confunderet ore sophistas,_
_Nec sineret falsis dogmata vera premi,_
_Sed quia mox ætas mundi trahet ægra ruinam,_
_Pullulat errorum nunc numerosa seges_, etc.”
[1534] “Tischreden,” Eisleben, 1566, Preface.
[1535] Spangenberg, “Theander Lutherus,” Preface.
[1536] V. E. Löscher, “Ausführliche Historia motuum zwischen den
Evangelisch-Lutherischen und reformierten,” 3², 1723-1724, p. 158.
[1537] H. Heppe, “Gesch. des deutschen Prot. in den Jahren 1555-1581,” 2,
Marburg, 1852, ff., p. 419 f.
[1538] L. Hutter, “Concordia concors,” Wittenbergæ, 1614, c. 8. R.
Calinich, “Kampf und Untergang des Melanchthonismus,” Leipzig, 1866, p.
128 ff.
[1539] Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), 8, p. 189 f.
[1540] G. J. Planck, “Gesch. der Entstehung, usw., des prot.
Lehrbegriffs”, vol. v., Part 2, Leipzig, 1781 ff., p. 600 f.
[1541] Janssen, _ib._, p. 190.
[1542] _Ib._, p. 192.
[1543] _Ib._, p. 193.
[1544] Wagenmann, Art. “Peucer,” “Allg. Deutsche Biographie,” 25, p.
555. An attempt has been made of recent years to exonerate Peucer from
the charge of pure Calvinism. This may possibly prove successful, but
his guilt lay in the fact that, “under the semblance of Lutheranism,
he abandoned Luther’s Christology and his doctrine of the Supper and
advocated something so closely resembling Calvinism that it was easily
mistaken for it.” Kawerau, “RE. f. prot. Th.,”³ Art. “Peucer.”
[1545] See above, vol. v., p. 592 f.
[1546] J. A. Dorner, “Gesch. der prot. Th.,” (“Gesch. der Wissenschaften
in Deutschland,” vol. v.), Munich, 1867, p. 370 f.
[1547] Janssen, _ib._ (Engl. Trans.) 8, p. 406.
[1548] Cp. “Beiträge zur evangel. Concordie,” “Festschrift,” etc., by
Chr. G., no place, 1717, p. 42 f. Janssen, _ib._, p. 413.
[1549] The Landgrave demanded, e.g. that it should be pointed out to
him where in Holy Scripture it was stated that the Body of Christ was
not in heaven, that the Virgin Mary did not bring forth like another
woman, or that the human nature of Christ was everywhere; “all these are
new-fangled dogmas, let them smear and daub them with Luther’s excrement
as much as they please”; “the poor old spoonbill goose did not know what
he was writing about.” Report of the envoys, in L. Hutter, “Concordia
concors,” 1614, p. 215 _sq._ Janssen _ib._, p. 420 f.
[1550] “Symbol. Bücher,”¹⁰ ed. Müller-Kolde, p. 702.
[1551] Heppe, “Gesch. des Prot.,” 3, p. 116.
[1552] _Ib._, 4, p. 150. Janssen, _ib._, p. 419.
[1553] Heppe, _ib._, 3, p. 299 ff. Janssen, _ib._, p. 429.
[1554] Janssen, _ib._, p. 414 f.
[1555] _Ib._, p. 415.
[1556] J. C. Johannsen, “Pfalzgraf Johann Kasimir und sein Kampf gegen
die Concordienformel,” in Niedner’s “Zeitschrift f. hist. Th.,” 31, 1861
(pp. 419-476), p. 461 ff. Janssen, _ib._, p. 436.
[1557] Aurifaber, “Tischreden,” Eisleben, 1566, Cap. I. Cp. Erl. ed., 57,
p. 19, and “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, pp. 47, 48.
[1558] Above, p. 419.
[1559] “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), 14, p. 160 f.
[1560] H. Grauert, “P. Denifle, ein Wort zum Gedächtnis,” etc., p.
6: “The strength and energy of Luther’s personality it was that for
centuries kept wide circles of his followers true to the belief in the
Redeemer of the world, the God-man, Jesus Christ. With a practical and
highly significant inconsequence, for all his principles of freedom
Luther transmitted to his followers a relatively fixed doctrinal system,
and, with it, a summary of the articles of faith which have preserved
even to the present day a certain spiritual community of faith between
the believing Protestant world and Catholicism.”
[1561] Words of Canisius in the passage quoted below, p. 429.
[1562] A. Ehrhard, “Der Katholizismus und das 20ste. Jahrh.,”¹² 1902, p.
126.
[1563] “Votorum monast. Tutor,” in Cod. lat. Monac., 2886, fol. 35´
Denifle, _ib._, 1², p. 9.
[1564] Lemmens, “Pater Augustin von Alfeld,” 1899, p. 72. Denifle, _ib._
[1565] Grauert, _ib._, p. 37.
[1566] The “Exercises” were approved by Pope Paul III in 1540. Cp. the
“Regulæ ad sentiendum vere, sicut debemus, in ecclesia militante,”
which St. Ignatius appended as early as 1541 to the Exercises, reg. 1
and 13. Without naming the new heresy the author gives in these rules
practical hints as to how to counteract the spirit of the age. He urges
that all the commandments of the Church should be zealously upheld,
that the respect due to the authorities both spiritual and temporal
should not be diminished by seditious public censure, since efforts
after reform were more effectual when carried out quietly; also that the
traditional learning of the Church, Scholasticism and positive studies
should be held in honour (“a right understanding of Holy Scripture and
the saintly Doctors is of great advantage to the modern theologians of
the schools,” etc., Reg. 11); prudence too should be exercised in the
matter of controversy, for instance, in sermons and writings grace should
not be exalted at the expense of free-will, or faith emphasised so as
to depreciate good works; the motive of the pure love of God should
be recommended, but at the same time the fear of punishment admitted,
because a “childlike fear is pious and holy and bound up with the love of
God, whilst servile fear, if a man is unable to rise any higher, at least
helps him to forsake mortal sin and to rise to a childlike fear.” At the
same time he recommends all the usual Catholic devotions, not merely the
frequent reception of the sacraments but also the keeping of the feasts
and fasts, the veneration of relics, office in choir, processions, the
use of lights and the beautifying of the churches. Above all, in harmony
with the spirit of the Exercises, the interior virtues are extolled and
vows, virginity and the inward and outward works of penance recommended.
Thus did the founder of the Order, whose ideal was the extension of the
Kingdom of Christ to the utmost limits, provide for the needs of the
day. That the Jesuit Order was founded in order to oppose Protestantism
can only be maintained by one who has not read the first pages of the
Constitutions of St. Ignatius.
[1567] “Memoriale b. Petri Fabri, primi S. Ignatii alumni,” ed. M. Bouix,
Lut. Paris. 1873, p. 19. Cochlæus too wished to go through the Exercises
under Favre. The latter informs Ignatius in a letter from Spires dated
Jan. 23, 1541, that after he had discussed with Cochlæus the distinction
between “_scientia_” and “_sensus spiritualis_” (enjoyment of the higher
truths) the latter, “_subridens cœlesti lætitia_,” had said; “_gaudeo
quod tandem magistri circa affectus inveniantur_.” Braunsberger, “Canisii
Epistulæ,” 1, p. 77 note 2.
[1568] To Francis Borgia from Dillingen, Sep. 8, 1570. Janssen, 8, p.
241. Canisius also pointed out to his General, Aquaviva, the necessity
of “publicly defending the Catholic truths with the pen and thus meeting
with prudence the demands of our day; such a work was of no less
importance than the conversion of the wild Indians.” F. Sachinus, “De
vita Petri Canisii.” Ingolstadii, 1616, p. 361 _sq._
[1569] To the General of the Order, Lainez, April 22, 1559. Janssen,
_ib._, p. 237. Braunsberger, _ib._, 2, 398.
[1570] Memo. for the General of the Order, Aquaviva, Janssen, _ib._, p.
235 f.
[1571] “Opp.,” ed. Lugd., 3, col. 658: “_Ut insanum sit, omnia probare
quæ scripsit aut scripturus sit Lutherus, ita non placet, odio auctoris
damnare quæ vera sunt, ea depravare quæ recta sunt_.”
[1572] _Ib._, 9, p. 1084, “Hyperaspistes,” 1, 1: “_Quis enim est tam
malus scriptor, ut non aliquid admisceat probandum_.”
[1573] _Ib._, 10, col. 1251.
[1574] To the Emperor’s brother Ferdinand, Nov. 20, 1524, _ib._, 3, col.
826.
[1575] To Auerbach, Dec. 10, 1524, _ib._, col. 833.
[1576] To Duke George of Saxony, Dec. 12, 1524, _ib._, col. 838.
[1577] May 20, 1520, “Hist. Jahrb.,” 15, 1894, p. 378 (ed. J. Fijalyek).
On the last sentence cp. John viii. 21 and Ez. xxxvi. 25.
[1578] “An den grossmechtigsten.… Adel tütscher Nation,” etc., Strasburg,
1520 (anonymously published), Bl. K 1´. Murner attributes the contempt
for the Ban to its abuse (D 4) and says, it would be better were some of
the precepts and some of the numerous Church holidays done away with (H
1´).
[1579] “De actis et scriptis Lutheri,” p. 29. He adds, however, that the
good was often all sham.
[1580] _Ib._, p. 55 _sqq._ German ed., Dillingen, 1611, p. 109 ff. Cp.
“Lutheri Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p. 146. “_Nunc omnes artes illustratæ
florescunt._ So too God has now made us a present of the press, _præcipue
ad premendum papam_.” Cp. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl.
Trans.), 14, pp. 498-533.
[1581] W. Friedensburg in the art. “Fortschritte in Kenntnis und
Verständnis der Reformationsgesch.” (“Schriften des Vereins f. RG.,” No.
100, 1910, pp. 1-59), p. 40, where it is true, he says of Cochlæus that
“Vanity as a rule played a great part in his character.”
[1582] “Vormeldunge der Unwarheit Lutherscher Clage,”
Frankfurt-on-the-Oder, 1532.
[1583] Cp. for instance Falk, “Pfarramtliche Aufzeichnungen des
Florentius Diel zu St. Christoph in Mainz, 1491-1518” (“Erläuterungen u.
Erg. zu Janssen,” vol. iv., Hft. 3). Falk, _ib._, p. 5: “The family was
at that time responsible for the religious instruction of the young.” In
many of the schools the Catechism was taught, but the schools were not as
yet generally attended.
[1584] Otto, “Joh. Cochläus,” Breslau, 1874, p. 3.
[1585] He only advises a “_consilium plebani_” when the result of the
instructions to the Communicants was doubtful. “Sermones,” Hagenau, 1510,
“De festivitatibus Christi,” xix., “on Maundy Thursday,” “on preparation
for communion.”
[1586] In the “Deudsche Messe,” Weim. ed., 19, p. 76; Erl, ed., 22, p.
232. Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 50.
[1587] O. Braunsberger, “Entstehung und erste Entwicklung der Katechismen
des sel. Petrus Canisius” (“Ergänzungshefte zu den Stimmen aus
Maria-Laach,” No. 57, 1893). Cp. J. Fijalyek, “Über das wahre Jahr der
Erstlingsgabe des Grossen Katechismus des sel. Petrus Canisius” in the
“Hist. Jahrb.,” 17, 1896, p. 804 ff.
[1588] Published in 1556 as shown by N. Paulus, “Zeitsch. f. kath. Th.,”
27, 1903, p. 172.
[1589] K. Kehr, “Gesch. der Methodik des deutschen Volksunterrichts,” 1,
1877 ff., p. 33.
[1590] Sess. 24, “De reform.,” c. 4.
[1591] See Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vol.
xiii., _passim_.
[1592] Janssen, _ib._, p. 58 ff.
[1593] Janssen, _ib._, p. 129.
[1594] See the statements of Albert of Mayence, of Pflug and Wicel, in
Janssen, _ib._, p. 58.
[1595] W. Bäumker, in Wetzer and Welte’s “KL.,” 7², p. 606 f.
[1596] Cp. Denifle, 1², p. 287 ff.
[1597] To Cardinal Otto Truchsess (Dec. 7, 1560) (Cod. Vat. 6417):
“_Abundat Roma viris doctis et historiarum peritis. Magni profecto
referret, ex his deligi aliquem ad conscribendas pontificum vitas. Nunc
sectarii quæ volunt effingunt, nobis plane stertentibus. Iudicet Rᵐᵃ D.V.
quomodo succurri possit non modo præsenti sed etiam sequenti ecclesiæ.
Ita de catechismis et postillis quoque dixerim, salvo semper iudicio
sapientium. Sed opus plane videtur, ut ad huius ætatis rationem docendi
modus accommodetur_,” etc. Cp. Braunsberger, “B. Petri Canisii epist.,”
3, p. 30, and Jos. Schmid, “Hist. Jahrb.,” 17, 1896, p. 79.
[1598] And yet it would have been better had even Panvinius and Baronius
shown themselves more critical, particularly in dealing with the Saints,
relics, etc. The Council of Trent itself had been most urgent in
demanding the removal of false relics; nor were preachers to be allowed
to relate untrue stories about the souls in Purgatory for filthy lucre’s
sake (“_incerta vel quæ specie falsi laborant, evulgari ac tractari
non permittant_”; Sess. 25; Denzinger-Bannwart, n. 983). The false
indulgences were among the abuses condemned by the Council of Trent in
the Decree “De indulgentiis” (Sess. 25): “_abusus qui in his irrepserunt
et quorum occasione insigne hoc indulgentiarum nomen ab hæreticis
blasphematur_.”
[1599] “Werke,” Weim. ed., 30, 3, p. 530 ff.; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, p. 523
_sqq._ Cp. “Briefwechsel,” 9, p. 252 f.
[1600] “Bibliotheca sanctorum Patrum,” Paris, 1575-79, in 9 folio volumes.
[1601] “Lehrb. der DG.,” 3⁴, p. 810.
[1602] To Thomas Blaurer, Dec. 21, 1521, “Briefwechsel der Brüder Ambr.
und Thom. Blaurer,” 1, 1908, p. 42 ff.
[1603] Cp. Horst Stephan, “Luther in den Wandlungen seiner Kirche,”
Giessen, 1907 (“Stud. zur Gesch. des neueren Protestantismus,” Hft. 1).
This book has been largely utilised in what follows. Cp. J. Schmidlin,
“Luther im Luthertum,” in the “Theol. Revue,” 1908, col. 441 ff. The
words we quote in inverted commas without further reference are from H.
Stephan.
[1604] Stephan, _ib._, pp. 17, 34, 67.
[1605] Schmidlin, _ib._, col. 445.
[1606] Stephan, _ib._, p. 126.
[1607] “Martin Luther und seine Bedeutung für die Wissenschaft und
Bildung,” Giessen, 1883. New ed. 1911, p. 4.
[1608] Stephan, _ib._, pp. 15, 18, 22.
[1609] Stephan, _ib._, p. 23 calls the prophecy on Luther (Rev. xiv.
6) “that most frequently used from Styfel’s time down to Löscher’s
‘Unschuldige Nachrichten.’”
[1610] Sermon of Reisner, pastor of Mittweida near Chemnitz, printed
1677. _Ib._, p. 24. Joh. Alb. Fabricius appeals in his “Centifolium
Lutheranum” (Hamburg, 1728), p. 331, to Bugenhagen’s funeral oration on
Luther where the passage is taken to refer to Luther, and remarks quite
seriously that Samuel Benedict Carpzov had seen in the other two angels
mentioned there Flacius Illyricus and Martin Chemnitz.
[1611] In the “Centifolium Lutheranum” just mentioned, p. 339, Fabricius
quotes from Theophrastus Paracelsus, “Descriptio Carinthiæ” (Argentor.
1616, p. 250), the inscription in question, said to be in a church at
Ingingen in Carinthia, to which some statues had been presented by the
Emperor.—The swan is mentioned in Bugenhagen’s funeral address and in
Mathesius, “Historien,” p. 199.
[1612] Stephan, _ib._, p. 25. Cp. Hutter, “Compendium locorum
theologicorum,” 1610, and “Concordia concors,” 1614.
[1613] Stephan, _ib._, p. 21. Claius, “Grammatica Germanicæ linguæ, ex
bibliis Lutheri,” etc., Lipsiæ, 1578, Præf.
[1614] “Centifolium Lutheranum,” p. 330 ff.
[1615] “Gesch. der deutschen Reformation,” 1, Leipzig, 1872, pp. 178,
179, 399.
[1616] “Unparteiische Kirchenhistorie,” Part II, Frankfurt, 1699-1700,
pp. 42, 45, 48. See the epitaph above, p. 393.
[1617] Zierold, rector at Stargard, quoted by Stephan, _ib._, p. 36.
[1618] See above, vol. v., p. 147 f. Cp. Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 16.
Stephan, _ib._, p. 34, here rightly draws on Ritschl, “Gesch. des
Pietismus.”
[1619] Stephan, _ib._, p. 34.
[1620] _Ib._, pp. 35-38, 43.
[1621] See above, vol. iii., p. 293.
[1622] “Werke,” ed. Suphan, 7, p. 258.
[1623] “Werke,” ed. Suphan, 7, p. 500.
[1624] “Rettungen des Lemnius und Cochläus,” 1754, Stephan, _ib._, p. 73.
Cp. below, p. 448.
[1625] Stephan, _ib._, p. 54.
[1626] _Ib._, p. 46.
[1627] In Nicolai, “Allg. deut. Bibliothek,” 1797. G. Frank, “Luther im
Spiegel seiner Kirche” (“Zeitschr. f. wiss. Theol.,” 1905, p. 465 ff.),
p. 475.
[1628] Ritschl, “Gesch. des Pietismus,” 2, p. 575. Stephan, _ib._, p. 58.
Ritschl adds that, according to this view (Büsching’s), “religion was a
matter of the individual and only incidentally of the congregation.”
[1629] Stephan’s words, _ib._, p. 59.
[1630] _Ib._, p. 74; cp. _ib._, p. 72, Lessing’s high opinion of Luther.
[1631] “Pantheon der Deutschen,” 1, Chemnitz, 1794, p. 232.
[1632] Conversation with Eckermann, March 11, 1832.
[1633] “Novalis’ Schriften,” 2, ed. Minor, Jena, 1907, p. 27 f.
[1634] See vol. i., p. xxxv, f.
[1635] Quoted by Franck, “Gesch. d. prot. Theol.,” 4, p. 144.
[1636] “Luthers Leben,” 1, p. xiii.
[1637] Of the legendary traits common in the popular literature on Luther
there is no lack in Köstlin’s “Martin Luther.” G. Kawerau, who, after the
author’s death, finished the latest edition of the book already in the
press, would doubtless have depicted many things differently had he had a
free hand.
In the long discussion of Luther’s monastic days his later utterances
are accepted implicitly without being submitted to criticism. Thus his
account of his penitential martyrdom, by which he even “endangered
his life,” is taken at its face value, and so is his testimony to
his own saintliness. “Of any more evangelical conception of the road
to salvation,” Luther heard nothing at Erfurt, indeed there was “no
Christian preaching at all,” etc., etc. “In the convent he was left
practically to himself.” “The lax standard by which his scholastic
teachers judged of sin [the motions of concupiscence] did not alleviate
what he had to endure,” viz. “the standard of the law.” In the
theological lectures he heard nothing of “how, in the Man Christ, the
Godhead descends to us”; on the contrary they led him to turn away in
terror from the Master and Judge. It was a cause of deep grief to him
that forgiveness was made “to depend on the worthiness and the works of
the sinner himself,” etc., etc. The Church gave him no “insight into the
meaning of the Mediatorship of Christ.” Even at Erfurt the Bible “had
led him to see many errors in the Papal Church,” but the most important
thing was that, by means of this same Bible he attained “by the gracious
dispensation of God” to the “overthrow of all proud self-righteousness.”
His flying for refuge simply to the merciful Love of God became the
salvation of the quiet, laborious, struggling monk, whose destiny was to
mould the world’s history (pp. 55, 60-66, 72, 75, 77 f.).
According to Köstlin Luther began “this attack on ecclesiastical abuses
straightforwardly, conscientiously, with moderation and prudence” (1,
142). “At last he came forward from the ‘corner’ where he would gladly
have remained and entered upon the struggle” (2, 626). During the
struggle itself he was calm and peaceful, etc., “what would ensue he did
not know, but committed it to Him Who sits on High” (1, 354). This grand
tranquillity was permanent with him. “Of good courage, inwardly peaceful
and confident, we see Luther (after his marriage) living his new life”
(738). Köstlin indeed repeatedly mentions his inward struggles, but,
according to him, Luther conquers the burden of his temptations with “a
bold faith” (2, 178). “He warns his followers against the belief that
the Papacy was to be overthrown by the use of force” (1, 583). He also
demands that no constraint should be used in the “purely interior domain
of faith”; the heretics were to “be resisted only by the Word,” so long
at least as they did not “outwardly manifest” their errors (1, 584),
which, however, they nearly always did.
Luther’s sovereign “merely looked on while the Word and the Spirit did
the work” (1, 603). Luther never “imposed on him either the duty or the
right to protect him and his work against Emperor and Empire.” “Never
did he lend a hand to measures that might have been of advantage to the
furtherance of the evangelical cause, but which would have militated
against his principles” (2, 522).
No trace of false enthusiasm dominates Luther, but rather a
“conscientious sobriety”; the passion that urges him on is merely “fiery
enthusiasm for the faith and his absolute confidence” (cp. 2, 517).
“It is from the religious foundations on which his life is based that
proceeds the freedom to which he has attained with regard to temporal
things, his joyousness in using them and the calmness with which he
renounces them and awaits what is better” (2, 512). “The faith with
which he embraces God, holds intercourse with Him and seeks strength and
victory through Him alone bears a character of childlike simplicity” (2,
513). It is a “bold faith,” a courageous faith, that animates him. “In
heartfelt prayer lies for Luther all his strength” (2, 514).
His “modesty as to his theological achievements” (2, 512) ought not to be
overlooked. He had no fears as to the permanency of his Evangel. “That it
was the Evangel of God for which he was working and that He would not let
His Evangel fall to the ground, of this he was quite sure” etc. (2, 522).
At the time of his death “true religious interests were once more
paramount and Rome’s domination, till then all-powerful, was for ever
shaken to its foundation” (2, 626).
[1638] “Stud. und Skizzen zur Gesch. der Ref.,” Leipzig, 1874, Introd.
and pp. 208, 212 f., 237. Cp. above, vol. i, p. xxix.
[1639] (Anonymous) Schaffhausen, 1857, pp. 104, 111, 113.
[1640] This was the opinion of H. Boehmer, “Luther im Lichte der neueren
Forschung,”¹ p. 115.
[1641] See above, vol. v., p. 432 ff.
[1642] Cp. C. Stange, “Die ältesten ethischen Disputationen Luthers,”
1900, p. vi. ff.
[1643] 4th edition, 1906, Preface, p. vii. f.
[1644] Troeltsch, “Protestantisches Christentum und Kirche in der
Neuzeit,” in “Kultur der Gegenwart,” 1, vol. iv.,²; Stephan, _ib._, p.
128 f.
[1645] J. Schmidlin, “Das Luthertum als historische Erscheinung”
(“Wissenschaftl. Beilage der Germania,” 1909, No. 15), pp. 117, 119.
[1646] “Leitfaden der Dogmengesch.,”³ p. 535.
[1647] Stephan, _ib._, p. 69.
[1648] _Ib._, p. 110 ff.
[1649] Boehmer, _ib._, p. 120.
[1650] _Ib._, 2nd ed., p. 140.
[1651] _Ib._, 2nd ed., p. 153.
[1652] Boehmer, _ib._, p. 153.
[1653] Stephan, _ib._, p. 93.
[1654] In the lecture quoted above, p. 441, n. 4.
[1655] “Fröhliche Wissenschaft,” Pocket edition, 6, p. 202. Stephan,
_ib._, p. 120.
[1656] “Katholizismus und Reformation,” 1905, p. 52 f.
[1657] W. Köhler, “Theol. Literaturztng.,” 1907, p. 303.
[1658] Cp. also H. Boehmer, _ib._,¹ p. 136.
[1659] _Ib._, p. 100; 2nd. ed., p. 139 f.
[1660] _Ib._, p. 10.
[1661] In the lecture mentioned above, p. 441, n. 4.
[1662] “With this knowledge the Holy Ghost inspired me in this cloaca on
the tower.”
INDEX
In this Index “L.” stands for “Luther.”
Abailard, i. 401
Abbots, Prince-, ii. 120, iii. 262 f.
Abel, i. 43
Abortions.
_See_ Misbirths
Abraham, iv. 109, 111, 156, v. 124, 413, vi. 74;
“I am A.,” iii. 273;
his “lie,” iv. 109, 113, v. 501, vi. 514;
his idolatry, iii. 192, v. 124
Absolution.
_See_ Confession
Abstinence.
_See_ Fasts
Abuses in the Church, i. 26, 45 ff., 53, 70, 84, 123 f., 130 ff.,
226 ff., 272, 325, 350 f., ii. 3, 123 ff., 127, 190 ff., 222,
312 f., 338, v. 120 f., vi. 404
Abusive language, i. 69, 72, 83, 209 f., 284, ii. 152 ff., 396,
iii. 172, iv. 188 f., 192, 300, 306-326, 365, 370, v. 88, 116,
342, 383 f., 395, 398 f., 411 f., vi. 109, 214 f.;
shocks Bullinger, v. 409;
Melanchthon, iii. 364 f.;
Zwingli, iii. 380.
_See_ Unseemliness
Acceptation, i. 155.
_See_ Imputation
Accolti, P., ii. 46
Acta Augustana, i. 359
Activity.
_See_ Work
Actual sin.
_See_ Sin
Actus matrimonialis, iv. 137, 151 f., v. 48
Adam, ii. 271, 282 f.
⸺ Melchior, v. 271 f.
Adiaphora, v. 263, vi. 410 ff.
Adrian.
_See_ Hadrian
Adulteration of wine, iii. 297, 313
Adultery, ii. 33, iii. 245, 247, 254 ff., iv. 158 f., 165, 208, v. 25
Ægidius Romanus, i. 13, 129
⸺ Viterbiensis, vi. 497, 503
Æpinus, J., vi. 82, 408
Æsop’s Fables, iv. 246, vi. 16 ff., 368 f.;
“A New F.,” iv. 177
Agnus Dei, iv. 123
Agonies.
_See_ Temptations
Agony in the Garden, v. 363
Agricola, George, ii. 242, iii. 304
⸺ Johann, as L.’s helper, v. 181, 563, n.;
against L., ii. 370, iii. 301 f., iv. 100, 309, vi. 280 f.;
L. on A., iii. 219, 278, 400, 407, 475, v. 15, 25, 238, 276, vi. 281,
289, 343, 354, 398;
and Bugenhagen, v. 275;
and Bora, iii. 216, v. 21;
and Jonas, iii. 414;
and Melanchthon, iii. 444, v. 22.
_See_ Antinomians
⸺ Stephen, iv. 514
⸺ Wolfgang, iii. 284 ff.
Ailly, Cardinal P. d’, i. 13, 132, 141, 155, 157, 161 f., 243
Ailments:
apoplexy, vi. 107, 376 ff., 379 f.;
calculus, ii. 161, iii. 434 f., v. 348, vi. 109, 341, 345;
catarrh, iii. 297, vi. 109;
constipation, ii. 81 f., 95, 164, n., vi. 109, 177;
ear-trouble, ii. 161, v. 236, vi. 104, 106 ff.;
epilepsy?, i. 17, vi. 101;
eye-trouble, iv. 261;
fainting-fits, i. 16 f., ii. 170, vi. 103 ff., 373;
giddiness, i. 278, ii. 161, vi. 106;
gout?, ii. 162, n., vi. 176 f.;
headache, etc., ii. 161, iii. 124, 299, 317 f., v. 346, vi. 130, 170,
341, 371;
heart-trouble, vi. 100 f., 103, 178, 341, 376 f.;
hemorrhoids, vi. 109, 177;
influenza, vi. 110;
insanity? iii. 136, iv. 183, 353, n., vi. 170-186;
nerve-trouble, ii. 390, iii. 299, 317, v. 226, vi. 105 ff., 111;
running wound, vi. 109, 132 f.;
sleeplessness, ii. 163, iii. 305 f., 310;
sweat (English), vi. 109;
syphilis?, i. 37, ii. 161 ff.;
tears as a relief, vi. 104, 108, 132, 169;
vomiting, iii. 300 f.
_See_ Pessimism, Temptations
Alber, Erasmus, iii. 402, 409, iv. 74, 357, vi. 493
Albert of Brandenburg, v. 220
⸺ Mansfeld, ii. 137, 289 f., vi. 350 f., 372, 379 f.
⸺ Mayence; concern in the Indulgence, i. 328, 348 ff.;
L. invites him to wed, ii. 141, 205;
attacks him, ii. 6, 70, 214 f., iv. 98, 292, 319 f., v. 307 f.,
vi. 188, 350;
his “relics,” iv. 292, v. 307 f.;
A. and Erasmus, ii. 248;
and Lemnius, vi. 287;
and Melanchthon, iii. 370;
and Schönitz, iv. 319 f., v. 106;
and Erfurt, ii. 354 f., 359 f.;
residence, vi. 485;
on the schools, vi. 436
⸺ Prussia, ii. 223, iii. 423, iv. 196, vi. 253, 408
Albertinus, Æ., v. 271, vi. 382, n.
Albertus, L., iv. 226
⸺ Magnus, i. 162
Albrecht, B., v. 295
Alderspach, vi. 29 f.
Aleander, ii. 6, 61, 71, 78 f., 256, iii. 303, iv. 355, 357
Alemann, A., ii. 139, 141
Alexander III, iv. 109 f., v. 424, vi. 494
⸺ VI, i. 55, iv. 90 (cp. correction, vi. 516)
⸺ of Hales, i. 162, vi. 503
Alfeld.
_See_ Alveld
Allstedt, ii. 364, iv. 172
Alms.
_See_ Poor-Relief
Altenburg, ii. 314 ff., vi. 49, 52, 240
Alveld, i. 366, ii. 11, iii. 145, iv. 288, v. 124, 307, 520, vi. 426
Ambiguity.
_See_ Dishonesty
Ambrose, St., iii. 250, iv. 335, v. 586;
pseudo-, iv. 174 f., 177
Amen, L.’s use of the word, vi. 511.
_See_ Pope-Ass
Amerbach, B. and V., iv. 183, 364, vi. 170
America, vi. 515
Amsdorf, N., as L.’s henchman, i. 39, 91, 278, 304, 311, ii. 169,
iii. 405;
against good works, iv. 475, vi. 392;
matrimonial agent, ii. 137, 139;
dealings with spirits, v. 282, 315 f.;
“consecration,” v. 191 ff.;
edits L.’s works, ii. 55;
coarseness, iii. 336;
quarrels, vi. 409 ff.;
and Agricola, v. 20;
and Erasmus, iv. 181 f.;
and Melanchthon, iii. 366, v. 257;
ejected from his bishopric, vi. 408
Anabaptists:
their rise, iii. 418 f.;
effect on L., ii, 93, vi. 75 f., 86, 312;
Melanchthon denies their existence, iii. 374, iv. 113;
L. attacks them, ii. 363 ff., iii. 419;
appeals to tradition, iv. 488;
condemns them to death, ii. 365 f., v. 349, vi. 249, 275;
their strictures on L., ii. 130, 367 f., 377, iii. 275.
_See_ Fanatics, Münzer
Andreæ, J., iv. 200, vi. 275, 419, 421, 424
Angels, v. 381, 395, vi. 127 f., 131;
A. guardian, i. 19, v. 279 f., 297, 309, 327, vi. 374;
visions of A.
_See_ Ghosts
Anger.
_See_ Passion
Anhalt, Adolf of, i. 22
⸺ Johann, vi, 226.
_See_ Wolfgang, etc.
Anne, devotion to St., i. 4, iv. 140, vi. 223
Anointing, Last, iii. 7, vi. 410
Antichrist, i. 359, 385, ii. 13, 56 f., 80, 260, iii. 142-148, 355,
431, 436, 439, iv. 81 f., v. 243 f., 420, vi. 154 f.
_See_ Pope
Antinomians, ii. 289, iv. 245, 475, v. 15 ff., 158 f., vi. 279 f.
_See_ Agricola
Antwerp, ii. 167, v. 172, vi. 43
Apel, J., ii. 174, 183
Apocalypse, v. 521 f.
Apocalyptics, ii. 103, iii. 84, 92 f., 140-152, iv. 296, 313 f.
Apocrypha, v. 497, 521 f.
_See_ Bible (Canon)
Apostasy, i. 62 ff., 120 f., 258 f., 385 ff.;
concealment of, i. 146 ff., ii. 15 ff.;
later description of, vi. 187-205
Apostate monks and priests, ii. 115 ff., 123 ff., 138, 317 ff., 342
Apostles described, iii. 191 f., v. 124;
L.’s belief about them, vi. 515
Apothecaries, i. 245, v. 235.
_See_ Landau
Apparitions.
_See_ Ghosts
Appeal to Pope, i. 258;
to Council, i. 356, 359, iii. 432 f., 443, v. 376 f.
Appearance of L., i. 279, ii. 157 ff., iii. 428 f., iv. 230.
_See_ Dress, Eyes, Portrait
Apriolus.
_See_ Eberlin
Aquila, C., iii. 366, vi. 410
Aquinas, i. 85, 131, 137, 141 f., 150, 162 f., 243 f., 270, 370,
iii. 143, vi. 236
Arcimboldi, i. 344, 352
Argula, ii. 173
Aristotle, i. 22, 77, 85 f., 127, 136 f., 149 ff., 159, 211 f., 244,
305, 313, 339, 370, ii. 269, iii. 143, iv. 102, 336, 346, v. 50,
113, 390, 518, vi. 20 f., 235
Arndt, E. M., vi. 456 f.
Arnold, G., iii. 138, iv. 205, vi. 443 ff.
Arnoldi, B.
_See_ Usingen
⸺ F., ii. 392, 396, iv. 101, 191, 306, 355, iv. 267
Arnstadt, iv. 15, vi. 139
Art, works of, ii. 351 f., iv. 198 f., v. 203-224
Asceticism, v. 87.
_See_ Mortification
Astrology, ii. 168, iii. 118, 166, 356, iv. 267.
_See_ Superstition
Athanasius, i. 10, ii. 398 f., vi. 206, 438
Attrition, i. 292 ff.
_See_ Contrition.
Augsburg, Diets of, i. 340 f., ii. 284 f., 383 ff., iii. 65, 123,
328-343, 420 f.;
trial of L., i. 66, 340, 355-359, 384 f., ii. 39, 367, iv. 388,
vi. 190, 299;
Confession, ii. 384, iii. 329 ff., vi. 281
August of Saxony, iv. 209, vi. 413, 415-419
Augustine, St., i. 12, 23 f., 76 f., 90 f., 92, 204, 210 f., 250,
305 f., 400 f., ii. 225 f., 233 f., iv. 108 ff., 331, 335, 439 f.;
pseudo-A., i. 311 f., vi. 501, 515;
L. and Melanchthon disagree with A., iii. 333, vi. 336;
on works, iv. 457-464
Augustinians, i. 4 f., 9 f., 28 f., 68, 81 f., 147, 262 ff., 297 ff.,
315 f., ii. 89, 334, 337; vi. 473 f., 498-504;
Rule of, vi. 202 f.;
and Dominicans, i. 105
Aurifaber, J., i. 184, ii. 289, iii. 218, 224, 230, 239, iv. 269, v. 30,
vi. 372, 387, 391, 410 f., 416, 423
Aurogallus, M., v. 496 f., 499
Authority, ecclesiastical, ii. 31, 73, 74 f., vi. 163 f.;
secular A., ii. 294-312;
“A.” instead of State, v. 584;
L.’s changes of view about, ii. 196-211, 346;
contradictions, v. 601;
has nothing to do with the Church, v. 55;
yet must uphold Lutheranism, v. 56.
_See_ Freedom
Babel, ii. 34, v. 171, vi. 315
Babylon, Roman, ii. 13, 19 f., 56
Babylonian captivity, ii. 20, 27, 37, iii. 146, 407, iv. 510, vi. 302
Bachmann, P., iii. 63, iv. 100, 352 f., v. 123
Bachofen, Fr., vi. 493
Backsliding, i. 289
Balaam, iv. 337
Balduin, F., v. 295
Bamberger, P., ii. 345
Banishment.
_See_ Intolerance
Baptism, infant, ii. 97, 372 f., iii. 277, 391, 395, 421, iv. 487 ff.,
v. 292, 462, vi. 166;
of Jews, v. 412 f.;
is a sacrament, ii. 27;
mark of the Church, vi. 294;
B. and original sin, v. 451;
optional?, iii. 11, iv. 488 ff.;
works through faith, i. 364, iv. 486 f., vi. 310;
lost by L., vi. 197
Barnes, R., iii. 260, 428, iv. 3 f., 8, 11 ff., vi. 488, 492
Barnim XI, Duke, vi. 61
Baronius, C., vi. 437
Basle, ii. 422, vi. 38, 272
Baumgärtner, H., ii. 138 f., iii. 327, 337, iv. 222
Bawdy houses.
_See_ Brothels
Beer, ii. 22, iii. 208 f., 219, 294 ff., 304, 306 f., 313 ff., 317,
v. 354, 364, vi. 373
Beger, L., iv. 71
Beggars, v. 562, vi. 42 ff., 55.
_See_ Mendicancy
Beier.
_See_ Beyer
Belief.
_See_ Faith
Bellarmin, i. 91, vi. 294, 323, 384 f.
Beltzius, iv. 219 ff.
Benevolence.
_See_ Generosity, Poor-relief, Students
Bennet, iv. 7
Benno, St., v. 123 ff., vi. 243 f.
Bergen, Book of, vi. 419
Berlepsch (Berlips), ii. 95, vi. 124 f.
Bernard, St., i. 18, 84, 88, 181, 243, iii. 176, v. 91;
his “perdite vixi,” iv. 88 f.
⸺ the Jew, iii. 301
Berndt, A., iii. 216
Bernhardi, B., i. 65, 310 ff.
Berthold of Chiemsee, iv. 356
⸺ Ratisbon, v. 77
Besler, iv. 221
Besold, H., iii. 218, 221, vi. 360
Beyer, C., iv. 282, vi. 358 f.
⸺ L., i. 66, 316 ff., 334, iv. 222, v. 353, vi. 263
⸺ M., iv. 43
Beza, T., 278
Bible, olden editions and translations, i. 14, 28, v. 542 ff.;
looked down upon by Nominalists, i. 134 f.;
a “heretics’ book,” iv. 396;
“Bible, Bubble,” ii. 365, 370 f.;
Canon, iv. 400 ff., 505, v. 436 f., 521 ff.;
inspiration, iv. 398 ff., v. 437 f.;
interpretation, ii. 235 ff., iv. 387-431;
_see_ Anabaptists, Sacramentarians, etc.;
L.’s translations, iv. 242 f., v. 494-546;
Revised B., v. 523 ff.;
“B. alone,” iv. 387-405;
Lutherans’ use of the B., vi. 431 f.;
the “paper idol,” vi. 271.
_See_ Word
Bibliander, v. 421
Bibra, L. von, i. 334
Bidembach (brothers), iv. 221
Biel, G., i. 13, 91, 125, 132, 135, 140 ff., 151, 224, 243, 311,
345, iv. 119, 440, 508, 516 f., vi. 433, 514 f.
Bigamy, ii. 33.
_See_ Henry VIII, Philip II, Leprosy
Billicanus, i. 316, iii. 447
Bing, S., iv. 15
Bishops, Catholic, i. 46 ff., 224 f., 281, ii. 28, 101, 103, 114,
193, 210 f., 301, 387 f., iii. 440, v. 101, vi. 324, 404, 493;
Lutheran, iii. 428, iv. 126, v. 191, n., 602, vi. 315, 356;
L.’s offer to the B., iii. 330, 337 f., 343, 439 f., v. 190-198,
329, 386, 601, vi. 239;
only B. are forbidden to have several wives, iv. 28
Blasphemy, utterances savouring of, iv. 292, 344, v. 198, 233, 310,
n., 407;
B. to be punished by death, iii. 71, 358, iv. 266, vi. 259.
_See_ Idolatry, Temptations
Blaurer (brothers), i. xvii, ii. 153, 155, 157, iii. 304, 433, iv. 6,
116, 196 f., 323, vi. 278
Bock, H., vi. 265, 313
Bohemian Brethren, ii. 25, iii. 152, vi. 316
Bolsec, J., vi. 385
Bomhauer, i. 244
Bonaventure, St., i. 84, 181 f., 346, iii. 176, 261
Boniface VIII, i. 339, v. 584
Bonn, H., v. 166
Books, on forbidden, ii. 58 f.
Bora, Cath. von, flight from nunnery and marriage, ii. 135, 138, 141,
173-188;
brews the beer, iii. 313;
“too rude,” ii. 379, iii. 229, v. 83;
“go back to the convent,” iii. 268;
gifts from sovereigns, ii. 139, iv. 8, 26;
after L.’s death, vi. 346;
and Agricola, iii. 216, v. 21;
and Cruciger, vi. 359;
in Letters, iv. 281 f., v. 199, 308 f., vi. 369, 372 f.;
Legends, iii. 281 f., v. 372;
and Melanchthon’s wife, iii. 365.
_See_ Will, L.’s last
Borner, C., ii. 258
Bose, M. A. J., v. 271
Bossuet, iv. 71
Bozius, T., vi. 381
Brandenburg, iv. 195, v. 408
Brant, S., iii. 152, v. 540
Braun, J., i. 15, 127, vi. 206
Brenz, J., i. 316, iii. 50, 405, iv. 5 f., 167, 459 f., vi. 257, 408, 482
Brethren of the Common Life, i. 5, 46, vi. 35
Breviary, i. 127, 225, 269, 275-279, ii. 126, iii. 114, v. 316,
vi. 200 f.
Briesmann, J., iv. 155, v. 152
Brothels, ii. 359, iii. 122, 227 f., iv. 176, 229.
_See_ Prostitutes
Brück, C., vi. 40 f.
⸺ G., iii. 87, 123, 216, iv. 36, 40, 44, v. 197, 201, 385, 590,
vi. 372, 385 f.
Brulefer, S., iv. 120
Brunswick, ii. 215, iii. 408, v. 167, 217, 394 f., vi. 35, 276 f.
Bucer, M., joins L., i. 316;
disagrees with L., iv. 99 f., v. 237, vi. 354;
denies sacramental presence, iii. 354, iv. 498, v. 268;
shocked at L.’s language, ii. 155, iii. 417, iv. 326;
intolerance, vi. 271, 277 f.;
in favour of a Protestant Council, v. 176;
serves Landgrave Philip as adviser in the bigamy, iv. 15-62;
suggests a lie, iv. 114;
at Cologne, v. 166;
at Strasburg, vi. 46;
agrees with Calvin, v. 399 f.;
against Schnepf, iv. 198;
allows 12% interest, vi. 98;
a mediator, iii. 383, 417, 420 ff., 446 f., v. 172
Buchholzer, G., v. 313
Buchner, A., vi. 392
Bugenhagen, J., friendship with L., iii. 404-413, 432, v. 22, 173,
175, 262, 328, 335, n., vi. 326, 347, 364;
at L.’s wedding, ii. 174;
untruthfulness, iii. 74;
coarseness, iii. 178, 229 f., v. 304;
“cardinal,” iii. 427;
“ordains” pastors, vi. 265, 313 f.;
disagreement with L., iv. 239, vi. 353;
parish-priest of Wittenberg, ii. 174, iv. 231, 273, v. 136;
L.’s confessor, iii. 437, iv. 249, v. 333, vi. 103;
panegyric on L., vi. 387 f., 443;
intolerance, vi. 273;
is called a Papist, vi. 410;
literary work, ii. 118, 399, v. 489, 499; vi. 438, 476;
missionary work, ii. 323, v. 167, 217;
poor-relief, vi. 57 f.
Bullinger, H., his intolerance, vi. 271, 278;
indignant with L., iii. 277, 417, iv. 325, v. 115, 409;
on L. as translator, v. 520, 523;
on the bigamy, iv. 10, n., 43, 68
Burer, A., ii. 157, iv. 269
Burgos, P. of, i. 243, 401, v. 411
Burkhard, iv. 11
Burning of the Bull, ii. 51, 54, vi. 381
Büttner, W., v. 295
Butz, P., vi. 271
Cahera, G., ii. 112
Cajetan, Cardinal, 340 f., 344, 357, 384, iv. 86, 302, vi. 487;
on polygamy, iii. 261
Calculus.
_See_ Ailments
Calixt, G., iv. 310
Calixtines, ii. 112
Call.
_See_ Mission
Calovius, A., iii. 138
Calumnies:
on olden Church, i. 79, 271, 283, 394, iv. 80-98, 102 f., 117-134,
v. 485, vi. 199;
on the Popes, iv. 90 f. [amend according to vi. 516];
on Erasmus, ii. 251, 294, iii. 135;
on others, iv. 86, v. 106 f.
Calvin, relations with L., v. 399-402;
as an organiser, iv. 280, n.;
“agonies,” v. 75;
predestinarianism, ii. 268, 271, iii. 189, 350;
vocation, iii. 140, n.;
intolerance, iii. 258;
on the Supper, iii. 354, 446 ff., v. 264;
end justifies the means, iv. 111, n.;
at Geneva, vi. 488, 490, 492;
Calvinism, vi. 414
Camerarius, J., relations with L., ii. 256, iv. 220 f., vi. 348;
with Melanchthon, ii. 145 ff., iii. 357, 364, iv. 61 f., 209,
vi. 6, 37;
as editor, ii. 176 ff., 180
Campanus, J., ii. 376, 378, 398, iii. 403, vi. 251, 284
Campeggio, L., ii. 380, 392, iii. 334 ff.
Candles, ii. 321, v. 147, 282, vi. 410
Canisius, P., ii. 253, iii. 238, 376, iv. 385 f., v. 264, 296 f.,
vi. 323, 384, 427 ff., 434, 437
Canon.
_See_ Bible, Mass
Canon Law, i. 227, v. 183, 601, vi. 21, 188 f.
_See_ Lawyers
Canonisation, v. 122 f.
Canus, M., vi. 323
Capella, Galeatius, vi. 491
Capito, W., relations with L., ii. 6 f.;
against L., ii. 242, iv. 99, vi. 280;
on bigamy, iv. 6, 10, n.;
intolerance, vi. 277 f.;
despair, iv. 220;
dishonesty, iv. 115;
relief of poor, vi. 46
Caraccioli, M., ii. 6
Caraffa, vi. 488
Cardinals, iii. 427 f., 443, n., v. 108 f.
Caricatures, in the German Bible, v. 528;
in “Popery Pictured,” in “Das Bapstum mit seinen Gliedern,” in
the “Passional Christi et Antichristi,” v. 421-426
Carlowitz, iv. 69, v. 252
Carlstadt, A. B. von, friendship with L., i. 40, 304, 362 f.;
takes side of the Zwickau Prophets, ii. 97-100;
against L., iii. 183, iv. 336;
against images, v. 208;
Real Presence, iv. 493;
sacraments, iv. 486;
saint-worship, ii. 345;
vows, ii. 83 f.;
on Epistle of James, v. 523;
L. against him, i. 14, 91, 97, 101, ii. 154, 166, 374, iii. 4, 121,
154, 177, 385-400, 409, 424, iv. 87, 308, v. 104, 399, vi. 280,
289. Cp. vi. p. 478
Carpi, A. P., ii. 256
Carpzov, B., v. 264, 295, vi. 443, n.
Carthusians, ii. 335.
_See_ Lening
Casel, G., v. 127
Casimir of Brandenburg, v. 317
Cassian, iv. 110
Catechism, ii. 119, iv. 233 ff., v. 483-494, vi. 263, 433 ff.
Catharinus, A., ii. 57, iii. 142, 276, 279, 303, vi. 323
Catherine of Alexandria, St., iv. 246
⸺ Aragon, iv. 3
⸺ Bologna (and Genoa, SS.), i. 173
Catholic, L.’s Church C., ii. 108, iii. 368
Catholics, act against their conscience, iii. 90, vi. 284;
cannot pray, v. 88;
have a beam in their eye, vi. 332;
know L. to be in the right, ii. 70.
_See_ Calumnies, Church, Intolerance
Cato, vi. 16, 18
Catullus, vi. 18
Celibacy, clergy’s disregard for the law, i. 50;
assailed by L., i. 120, 276, ii. 83-87, 115-129, iii. 246-251,
262, iv. 87, 147-150, v. 112.
_See_ Marriage, Preachers, Vows
Celichius, A., iv. 223
Celtes, C., vi. 45
Centuriators, Magdeburg, vi. 313.
_See_ Flacius
Certainty, need of, i. 308, ii. 368, iii. 9, 47 f., 112, 140-141,
notes, 146, 159, iv. 440 ff., v. 25-43, 323, vi. 283 ff., 302;
our lack of C., i. 95, 97, 207 ff.
Chalice, ii. 99, 110, 321, iii. 10, 371, v. 216
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, vi. 459 f.
Chancery, German, iv. 244
Changelings, v. 292, vi. 140;
L. a C.?, iv. 358
Charity.
_See_ Love of God and Poor-relief
Charles V, L. to, or on, C., ii. 20, 69, iii. 105, n., iv. 270;
at Worms, ii. 61 ff.;
against L., i. 340, ii. 79;
and Erasmus, ii. 256;
Hermann von Wied, v. 166;
Josel of Rosheim, v. 409;
Landgrave Philip, iv. 21 f., 68, v. 396;
the Schmalkalden League, iii. 430;
the Council, iii. 424 f., v. 380;
the Turks, iii. 88 f.
_See also_ Appendix I _passim_
Chastity, Catholic teaching and practice, ii. 120 f., 128 f., iv. 133,
135, 138;
in L.’s view, i. 259, 362, iii. 243 f., iv. 147 f., 473 f., vi. 404;
L.’s C., i. 7, 19;
Melanchthon on C., iii. 325;
temptations against, i. 287, ii. 86, 161, n., vi. 118 f.
_See_ Celibacy
Chemnitz, M., vi. 313, 415, 419, 443, n.
Children, L.’s, iii. 215 f., 232, 280 f., 428, iv. 265, v. 108, 226,
230, vi. 31, 373, 378 f.
_See_ Luther (Hans, etc.)
Chrism, iv. 519, v. 101, 195
Christ, Divinity of, iv. 238 ff., v. 412;
almost forgotten, ii. 245;
darkened by Aristotle, i. 137;
formerly unknown, i. 135, 282, 320, ii. 92;
known only as the Judge, i. 391, ii. 281, iv. 103;
who did not die for our sins, vi. 245, 260;
the “weak” C., ii. 385, iii. 191, v. 227;
His Body omnipresent, iii. 396, iv. 495 f., vi. 253 f., 414 f.;
sole content of Scripture, v. 541;
His preaching in Hell, v. 48;
His “lie,” vi. 514;
“C. our hen,” i. 80, vi. 372, 501 f.
_See_ Faith
Christian III of Denmark, ii. 139, iii. 413, iv. 75
Christians, L.’s title for his followers, ii. 108, 345, v. 172, 518;
what C. must do, iii. 52, 60, 69, 79, 81, v. 44 f., vi. 80, n.;
need no divine worship, vi. 147 f.;
nor government, v. 572 f.;
they are few, iii. 24 f., vi. 292 f.
_See_ Church-Apart, Evangelicals, Temptations, Worship
Christina, Landgravine, iv. 14, 18 f., 24, 69
Chronology of the world, iii. 147, vi. 349
Chrysostom, St. J., i. 243, iv. 335
Church, iii. 22-38, vi. 290-340;
to be esteemed, i. 223 ff., 337, iv. 406, 410, 488;
L.’s view connected with Wiclif’s and Hus’s?, i. 106, vi. 299;
visibility, ii. 304, iii. 28;
criticised by moderns, v. 465 ff.;
_my_ Churches, v. 173, vi. 314, 356;
marks of the C., vi. 293-297, 327;
Church-Apart of the true Believers, ii. 104, 111, 304, ii. 25 f.,
v. 133-140;
Church property, ii. 318, 327, iii. 33-38, 68, 234, 440, v. 203 ff.,
vi. 51, 61.
_See_ Infallibility
Chytræus, iv. 461, vi. 419
Cicero, i. 8, vi. 17, 376
Circumcision, iii. 256
Cistercians.
_See_ Mayer
Civilisation, L. founder of modern, vi. 457 ff.
Claius, J., v. 505, vi. 443
Clandestinity.
_See_ Marriage
Classics, vi. 16 f.
Clavasio, A. de, ii. 51
Clémanges, N. of, i. 50
Clement IV, iv. 89, v. 424
⸺ VI, i. 134
⸺ VII, ii. 392, iii. 424 f., iv. 6
Clergy, i. 46-53, 57, 283 f., iv. 127 ff., 169 f., v. 485
Cleve, W. von, v. 396
Clichtoveus, J., iv. 152, n., 353, n., vi. 437
Cloaca, i. 393, vi. 504-510
Clothes.
_See_ Dress
Coarseness.
_See_ Unseemliness
Coburg, ii. 95, 384 ff., 389 ff., iii. 87 f., 123, 175, 299, iv. 313,
v. 98, 117, 346, 497, vi. 106, 512
Cochlæus, with Luther at Worms, ii. 65, vi. 135, 143 f.;
on L., i. 17, 24, 30, iii. 303, iv. 92, 354, 358, vi. 431;
L. on C., v. 182, 303;
C. on Melanchthon, v. 267;
literary work, ii. 196, 212, iii. 63, 86, 276, n., iv. 380 ff., 522,
v. 591, vi. 405 ff.;
language, ii. 150;
and the Jesuits, vi. 428, n.;
death, vi. 384
Cœlestinus, J. F., vi. 415
Cœlius, M., vi. 132, 374, 377 ff., 387 f.
Coler, M., vi. 255
Cologne, i. 42, v. 166, 233;
L. at C., iv. 171, n.;
Book of Reform, iii. 354, 447
Combats, spiritual.
_See_ Temptations
Commandments, Ten, “unknown to Catholics,” vi. 200;
in L.’s Catechism, v. 485;
a bad law, i. 313;
not to be dwelt on, iii. 175, 226, 394, v. 454;
sermons on the, i. 361;
C. do not justify, i. 43;
need not be kept, ii. 28 f., iv. 454;
indeed cannot, i. 100, 144, 189, 207, 339;
hurtful to salvation, i. 317;
their object, i. 287 f., ii. 271 f.;
C. of the Church, v. 46, 246, vi. 316;
L.’s unwillingness to impose C. and precepts, v. 85 f., 139, 142,
147, 179, 484.
_See_ Counsels
Commerce.
_See_ Merchants
Communicatio idiomatum, iv. 240, v. 456, vi. 420
Communion, under both kinds, ii. 99, 321, iii. 10, 330, 335, iv. 525,
vi. 279, n.;
of the sick, v. 464.
_See_ Eucharist, Mass, Supper
Compostella, iv. 105, vi. 405
Concords (various Protestant), iii. 330 f., 421 f., 434, 436, 441, 447,
v. 176, 259, vi. 412, 419-423
Concubinage, among the German clergy, i. 50 f.;
recommended by L. to the members of the Teutonic Order, iii. 262 f.;
the Landgrave’s “concubine,” iv. 28, 40, 52
Concupiscence, i. 141, 207 ff.;
all-powerful, i. 73 f., 110-117;
destroys freedom, ii. 278 f.;
is a sin, i. 99, 203, 210, ii. 150, vi. 365;
identical with original sin, i. 98
Concurrence, Divine, i. 144, 153 f., ii. 233
Conduct, L.’s safe, i. 334, ii. 62, 66 ff., 69, 367, iv. 85, vi. 188
Confession, i. 10, 99, 208 ff., 290-296, 250, 380, n., 384 f., ii.
59 f., 99, iii. 10, 210, 324, 410, 421, 437, iv. 21, 30-39,
248-256, v. 74, 315, 320, vi. 340, 374, 496 f.
_See_ Penance
Confirmation, vi. 410
Congregational Churches, ii. 98-114, iii. 22-43
Conjugal due, rendering the, a sin, iv. 152.
_See_ Marriage
Conradin, iv. 89, v. 424
Consanguinity, iv. 156 f.
Conscience, iv. 56 f.;
the only true C. is that which agrees with L.’s, v. 66-78;
all the Lutheran’s troubles of C. must be from the devil, v. 328 ff.,
339, 355 f.;
struggles of C., _see_ Temptations;
freedom of C., _see_ Intolerance;
_see also_ Synteresis
Consecration.
_See_ Ordination
Consistories, iii. 29, v. 179-185, 601 f., vi. 314, 356
Constance, Council of, i. 364, ii. 232, iii. 426, iv. 287
Constantine, ii. 309, iii. 71, v. 229, 594;
Donation of C., iii. 145, vi. 489
Constipation.
_See_ Ailments
Consubstantiation, i. 162, ii. 320, iii. 380, iv. 495 f., v. 463,
vi. 415
Contarini, C., ii. 78, iii. 429, iv. 69, 359, vi. 488
Contelori, F., i. 354
Contingent things, i. 193.
_See_ Necessity
Contradictions: the Schoolmen admitted grace, and didn’t, i. 150;
the monks were, and were not, zealous, i. 271;
death was a reason why L. should, and should not, marry, ii. 181;
the Bible errs, and does not, iv. 418;
God is, and is not, author of evil, ii. 281 f.;
hell can, and can’t, be escaped by those predestined, i. 192;
works are, and are not, called for, i. 255, iv. 447, v. 454 f.;
Scripture is, and is not, sole rule of faith, iv. 415 ff.;
God alone does all, i. 255;
yet man must prepare for Grace, i. 213;
freedom of judgment and yet binding creeds, iii. 3;
continence possible, and impossible, iii. 243 f.;
repentance out of fear, good, and yet evil, i. 293;
armed resistance lawful, and not lawful, v. 55 f., 58 f.;
Church has, and has not, any power of her own, ii. 295 ff., v. 597
ff., vi. 329;
for money lent money may, and may not, be taken, vi. 91 f.;
on the Eucharist, v. 464.
_See_ Councils, Opposition
Contrition, not necessary for justification, iv. 433 f. (but cp. iv.
438 f. and v. 15);
nor for confession, iii. 210;
what C. is, i. 290-296, v. 12, 310, n.
Controversy.
_See_ Polemics
Conventuals, vi. 498.
_See_ Observantines
Conviction.
_See_ Certainty
Copernicus, iii. 100, vi. 25
Copes.
_See_ Vestments
Cordatus, C., i. xvii., 395, iii. 178 f., 218, 225, 228, 231, n., 294,
369, 371, 377, 414, 434, iv. 269, 461, vi. 391, 505 ff.
Cordus, E., ii. 125, 220, 256, 342, iv. 176, vi. 28
Corpulence, ii. 157, iii. 296, 309
Corvinus, A., iii. 218, iv. 14, 25, 28, 74, 184, vi. 487 f.
Coster, F., vi. 385
Cotta, K. and U., i. 5, iii. 288 f.
Councils, Œcumenical, L. appeals to one, i. 359;
cannot err, i. 339;
can err, i. 364, v. 378, vi. 299;
a “Christian” C., ii. 50;
Rome’s efforts to assemble a Council, iii. 424-429;
a free German C., v. 379;
the projected Protestant Council, iii. 432 f., 441, v. 170, 175-179,
vi. 424.
_See_ Constance, Trent, etc.
Counsels, Evangelical, vi. 89;
are really commands, ii. 166, 299, v. 46 ff., 56-60, vi. 80, n., 89;
with the exception of chastity, ii. 166.
_See_ Law
Courage, ii. 27, 76 f., 367, v. 131
Craco, C., vi. 415, 417
Cranach, Lucas (the Elder and Younger), ii. 158 f., 174, iii. 300, v.
224, 422 f., 425, 429, 495 f., 498, 519, 528
Cranmer, iv. 10, n.
Creed, iv. 415, 483, v. 360, 473, 485 f., 554
Cricius, A., iii. 370
Critical acumen, i. 90 f., 181, 282 f., 311 f., iv. 174 f., 177, 246,
v. 153, 474, 522, vi. 335.
_See_ Apocrypha
Cromwell, iv. 12
Cronberg, H. von, ii. 325 f.
Cross, sign of the, iii. 83, 435;
mystic particles of the C., i. 88.
_See_ Crucifix, Theology of the C.
Crotus Rubeanus, i. 4 f., 7, 403, ii. 3 f., 62, 256, iii. 403, vi. 28, 31
Crucifix, iii. 84, 132, v. 212, vi. 197, 225, 335;
taken to bed by nuns, iv. 106
Cruciger, C., iii. 171, 371, 377, 433 f., iv. 194, 299, v. 22, 237, 262,
270 f., 499, vi. 5, 346, 359, 364, 417
Crusades, iii. 81, 83
Cryptocalvinism, vi. 414-423
Culsamer, J., ii. 344
Curæus, J., vi. 417
Curia, iii. 128.
_See_ Rome
Curses, i. 209, ii. 13, iv. 295-305.
_See_ Maledictory prayer
Cusa, N. of, i. 50
Cyprian, i. 243, iii. 250, vi. 339
Daniel, ii. 57, iii. 84, 141 f., 148, iv. 134, 315
Dantiscus, iv. 274, n., 357
Dantzig, v. 216
David, v. 300, 579 f., vi. 253
Day, The.
_See_ Last Day
Deacons, Lutheran, vi. 57, 265
Death, vi. 376-386;
Italian pamphlet on L.’s death, vi. 371;
L.’s wish to die, vi. 107, 341;
best d. for Pope and his cardinals, v. 383 f.
_See_ Opponents
Decalogue.
_See_ Commandments
Deceit.
_See_ Dishonesty
Decretals, i. 367, ii. 51, iv. 303, vi. 338
Defiance, ii. 52, iii. 21, 394, iv. 317, 416, 511, v. 369, vi. 168 f.,
318, 396-403
Degree, academical, i. 21, 58, 127 ff., 285, ii. 130, 362, vi. 466.
_See_ Doctorate
Demonology, ii. 389 f., v. 275-305, 427, vi. 111
Denmark, ii. 323, iii. 412 f., vi. 247, 273
Depression.
_See_ Pessimism
Desertion, ground for divorce, iii. 252 ff., 257
Despair, L.’s reason for becoming a monk, i. 4, vi. 224;
necessary, i. 191.
_See_ Fear, Temptations
Dessau, League of, ii. 213
Determinism, i. 116, 183, n., ii. 227, 241, 266, 284, 288
Dettigkofer, D., iv. 75
Deuterocanonical Books.
_See_ Apocrypha
Devils, v. 275-305, vi. 122-140;
white d., ii. 348;
attend L.’s funeral, vi. 385;
“as many devils as tiles on the roofs,” ii. 62, 367;
Devil holds the Jews captive, v. 406 f.;
is a poisoner, v. 235;
a good dialectician, ii. 379;
kidnaps people, vi. 383;
lives in the water, vi. 372;
L.’s vocation, from the d.? i. 16, ii. 86;
cause of L.’s ailments, iii. 317 f., vi. 111;
sorely wounded by L., iii. 122;
the d. as L.’s father, iv. 358;
the d.’s embassy, v. 98, n.
_See_ Exorcism, Ghosts, Possession, Satan
Didymus Faventinus, vi. 26
Diet, L’.s, iii. 211, 305, 309 f., 317 f.
Dietenberger, J., ii. 222, iv. 101, 355, 383, v. 520
Dietrich, V. (Theodoricus Vitus), iii. 58, 216, 218, 317, iv. 12, 180,
vi. 130, 250, 391, 505 ff.
Diller, M., vi. 275
Dionysius “the Areopagite,” i. 181
Diplomacy, i. 365, ii. 15, 21 f., 55, 58 f., 100, 109 f., 295 f.,
302 f., 321, 365 f., iii. 331, n., iv. 6, 39, 97, n., vi. 325-340
Discipline, Church, i. 57, v. 388.
_See_ Clergy and Preachers
Diseases.
_See_ Ailments
Dishonesty, i. 335 f., ii. 15-25, 49, 385 ff., 392, iv. 41, v. 111,
537 f.
_See_ Gospel-proviso, Lies
Dispensations, Papal, i. 271, iv. 3, 5, 18, 20, 156, 319, vi. 497;
Luther’s, i. 9, 358, iv. 30, 38, n., vi. 500, 504
Disputations, i. 310-320, 362-365, vi. 21;
early disputatiousness, i. 58 ff.
Distractions, need of, iii. 179, v. 353 f.
Divorce, ii. 33, 149, iii. 252-258, iv. 3-13, 156 ff.
_See_ Pauline privilege
Doctor, Doctorate, i. 33, 38, 78, 281, ii. 375, iii. 157 f., 297,
315 f., 320, 369 n., 391, iv. 227, 344, 346, v. 103 f., 304,
384, 510 n., vi. 375;
“A great Doctor,” i. 20, iii. 177, iv. 330.
_See_ Degree
Doliatoris, J., ii. 339
Domestic life, iii. 215 ff., iv. 280 ff.
_See_ Family
Dominicans, i. 39, 105, 163, 179, 337, 339, 370 f., ii. 12, iv. 383.
_See_ Cajetan, Tetzel, etc.
Doubts, ii. 79 f., iii. 112, iv. 218-227.
_See_ Temptations
Down-heartedness.
_See_ Pessimism
Draco, J., ii. 124
Draconites, J., ii. 256
Dreams, v. 352, vi. 149, 444
Dress, L.’s, i. 9, 276 f., 285 f., ii. 78, iii. 428, iv. 74
Dressel, M., i. 266 f.
Dringenberg, L., vi. 34
Drink, ii. 87, 94, 131, iii. 294-318.
_See_ Beer, Wine
Dungersheim, i. 24, 26, 168, ii. 145 f., 186, iii. 275, iv. 335, vi. 101
Dürer, A., ii. 40-44, 127, 158, 244, n., iii. 137
Ear-discharge.
_See_ Ailments
Eber, P., vi. 275, 410, 412
Eberbach, P.
_See_ Petreius
Eberlin, J., ii. 124, 129, 162 ff., 189, 354 f., v. 215, vi. 62
Ebner, H., ii. 334
Ecclesiastes by the Grace of God, ii. 102, 345, iv. 329, vi. 400
Eck, J., relations with L., i. 262 ff., 313, iv. 388;
attacks L., i. 336, ii. 147, iv. 86, 101, 377 ff.;
literary work, iv. 457, 502, 513, v. 456, 520, vi. 87, 323;
L. on E., i. 179, 336, ii. 49, 51, 70, iii. 114, iv. 86, 182, 287,
301 f., 319, v. 110, 282, 473;
E. in Rome, ii. 45 f.;
E. and Emser, ii. 222;
and Pirkheimer, ii., 39;
and Melanchthon, iii. 446, v. 267;
his death, vi. 383
Eckhard, iii. 163
Eckhart, Master, i. 172
Economics.
_See_ Usury
Edemberger, L., ii. 170
Education, L.’s, defects of, i. 126 ff.;
of children, i. 362, v. 280.
_See_ Schools
Egranus, iii. 384 f., 402 f., iv. 360, v. 42, vi. 289
Ehem, C., vi. 271
Ehrhardt, J., vi. 78
Eilenburg, ii. 319
Eisenach, i. 5, ii. 68, iii. 288, 421, vi. 125, 276;
Conference, iv. 50-55
Eisleben, i. 5, 262, iii. 159, iv. 361, 497, v. 30 ff., vi. 5, 372 ff.
Election.
_See_ Predestination, Vicar
Eleutherius, i. 314
Elevation of the Elements, iii. 393 f., iv. 195, n., 239 f., v. 153,
397, vi. 353
Elias, the New, ii. 129, 163 f., 189, iii. 141, 165, 322, iv. 348 f.,
v. 426, vi. 347, 391, 442
Elisabeth, Palsgravine, iv. 70
⸺ of Rochlitz, iv. 16, 24, 27, 201
Eliseus, his trick, iv. 113
Eloquence, iii. 103.
_See_ Rhetoric
Emotion, value of, iii. 179
Emperor.
_See_ Kaiser
Emser, H., relations with L., i. 8, 27, 371 ff.;
against L., i. 79, 346, 366, ii. 14, 220 ff., iii. 127, iv. 324,
354, 376;
L. against E., ii. 13, 51, iv. 182, 288, v. 307, 541, vi. 383, 512;
literary work, v. 123, 517, 519, 531;
E. and Melanchthon, vi. 26
End, justifies the means, ii. 156, iv. 110, n., vi. 92, 399;
of World.
_See_ Last Day
Epicure, Epicureans, v. 116, 173
Epicureans.
_See_ Erasmus, Papists, Rome
Epilepsy.
_See_ Ailments
Episcopate.
_See_ Bishops
Epistolæ obscurorum virorum, i. 6 f., 42, 91 f., ii. 3 f.
Epitaph, L.’s, ii. 159, vi. 377, 393
Equivocation, iv. 28 f., 51.
_See_ Dishonesty
Erasmus, secularised, i. 36;
edition of New Testament, i. 242 f., v. 510, vi. 454, 467;
“Colloquia,” iii. 443 f., vi. 16, 38;
for L., i. xxx., ii. 3, 9;
alleged saying, vi. 390;
against L., ii. 126, 154, 242-294, iii. 173, iv. 179-186, 325, 353,
v. 115 f., vi. 32, 36, 170, 429 f.;
on L.’s marriage, ii. 186;
blames L. for the Peasant War, ii. 212;
L. on E., i. 43, 92, ii. 219, 223, 267, iii. 135, 208, 403, iv. 91,
100 f., 287, 329, v. 456, vi. 397, 429 f.;
E. and Charles V, ii. 256;
and Dürer, ii. 41;
and Ferdinand I, ii. 249, vi. 429 f.;
and Duke George, ii. 246, 261;
and Melanchthon, iii. 320, 346, 366, 369, 376, 443 f., v. 268;
and Stadion, v. 273;
and Vives, vi. 44
Erbe, F., vi. 255
Erfurt, i. 3, 6, 21, 58 f., 263, 312, 363, ii, 62 f., 336-362, v.
213 ff., vi. 27 f., 326 f.
Ericeus, iii. 436, n.
Eschatology.
_See_ Apocalyptics, Last Day
Eschwege, iv. 38
Esdras, ii. 235
Esther, iii. 253;
Book of E., v. 521
Ethics, iii. 200 f., v. 3-164, vi. 453;
in Occamism, i. 157.
_See_ Works
Eucharist, iii. 380-384, 393 ff., 444 f., iv. 250 f., 492-499,
v. 74, 149, 462-465;
is a sacrament, ii. 27;
to be adored, iv. 239 f., vi. 353;
not to be reserved, ii. 320 f., v. 222.
_See_ Communion, Consubstantiation, Elevation, Mass, Supper, Zwinglians
Eusebius, v. 411
Eustochium, ii. 121, iii. 243
Eutychianism, v. 81
Evangel.
_See_ Gospel
Evangelical Church Evangelicals, ii. 108, iii. 96, 301, iv. 21,
210, 311, v. 230.
_See_ Christians
Exaggeration, i. 57, 124, 244, 283, iv. 343 f., vi. 22, 200, 216 f.
Excommunication, Church’s use of, against L., ii. 19 f., 45-52, 90;
L. against E., i. 24 f., 51 f., 54, 66, 337, 371, ii. 231 f., iii.
120, 146, iv. 85 f., 320, v. 122;
L.’s own use of E., ii. 335, iii. 324, iv. 209 f., 216 f., 245, v.
19, 139 f., 143, 148, 186 ff., 603, vi. 263, 293, 316
Exegesis.
_See_ Bible interpretation
Exemption, i. 283.
_See_ Dispensations
Exorcism, iii. 411, vi. 137-140
Expectants, iv. 339
Experience, inward, i. 159, 170, 241 f., 323, 377, 380, ii. 233, n.,
277, iv. 391 ff., v. 7, 81, 161 f., vi. 127, 192, 234
Exsurge Domine, ii. 47
Extra ecclesiam.
_See_ Salvation
Extreme Unction, iii. 7, vi. 410
Eyb, A. von, iv. 136
Eyes, L.’s., i. 86, 279, ii. 158 f., iv. 357 f.
Ezechiel, iii. 84, 88
Faber (J.) Stapulensis, i. 63, 92, 243, vi. 437
⸺ J., vi. 494
⸺ J., vi. 498
⸺ (or Fabri), J., of Vienna, ii. 135, iii. 194, 335, 416, iv. 302,
383, 514, v. 266, 529, vi. 323, 384, 516
⸺ P.
_See_ Favre
Fabricius, J., iii. 292, vi. 443
⸺ T., vi. 494
Facienti quod est in se, etc., i. 144, 205, n.
Fainting-fits.
_See_ Ailments
Faith, L. begins to make more of F. than of works, i. 72 f., 121,
133, 221;
what F. means to L., ii. 34, iii. 352 f., v. 38 ff., 444-449;
true F. is humility, i. 219, 252 f.;
it comprises the “fides historica,” i. 76, 377, iii. 14 f., 415,
iv. 413 ff., 432 f.;
and all the elements of Christianity, ii. 72, iii. 13 f.;
such F. is either complete or non-existent, i. 253, iii. 384,
424, v. 398;
F. as a mere assent, iii. 18; iv. 432 f.;
articles of F., iv. 414 f.;
justification, due to Fiducial F., i. 377-400, iv. 431-449;
which is the one thing necessary, iii. 180-186;
and is produced by God alone, ii. 290, n.;
this F. is weak even in L. himself, iii. 201 ff., 415, iv. 275,
441 f., v. 74 f., 130, 357-368;
this F. is Saving F., i. 261, 385;
it includes the love of God, v. 41 f., 477 (but, cp. i. 308, also
excludes it),
yet is no “fides formata caritate” which is a “thing accursed,”
i. 209, iii. 329, v. 12;
“by F. alone,” v. 515;
criticised by Schwenckfeld, v. 160 f.;
Rule of F., iv. 482 ff.;
“vera fides,” i. 170.
_See_ Reason
False charges.
_See_ Legends
Family, L.’s, iii, 42, iv. 232 f., v. 558 f., 561.
_See_ Domestic life
Fanatics, origin, ii. 97 ff.;
they force L. to reconsider his theory of the worthlessness of works,
iv. 474;
and to insist on the rights of the authorities, v. 569 f.;
why don’t they perform miracles? vi. 151 f.;
L.’s attack on them, ii. 167, 363-379.
_See_ Anabaptists, Carlstadt, etc.
Farel, Guil., v. 167
Fasting, i. 227, 339, iii. 226 f., 309, 428, v. 87 ff., 355, vi. 321.
_See_ Mortification, Penance
Fatalism, ii. 263.
_See_ Pessimism
Fathers of the Church, iv. 410;
Erasmus’s work, ii. 243, 253;
L. demands a return to them, i. 138, 320 (_See_ Augustine);
yet he dislikes their praise of chastity, ii. 120 f.;
their belief in free will, ii. 287;
and their ignorance of faith alone, iv. 335;
nevertheless they may be appealed to, iii. 380 f., iv. 409 f., 415,
vi. 336.
_See_ Tradition
Faust, Dr., v. 241
Favre, P., iv. 385 f., vi. 427 f.
Fear of God’s judgments, i. 125, 251, 294 f., 318, iv. 433, 455, 462,
v. 22 f.
Feasts.
_See_ Holidays
Feige, J., iv. 41, 54, 69, 113
Ferber, G., iii. 286 f.
Ferdinand I (Archduke, King and Kaiser), ii. 132, 215, 380, iii. 89,
276, 303, 437, iv. 162, 285, v. 404, vi. 480, 485, 487, 489
Ferinarius, J., v. 193
Ferreri, L., iii. 173 f., vi. 430
Festivals.
_See_ Holidays
Finance, Papal, i. 51 f., 54, 347 ff.
Findling, J., iii. 171 f.
Fischart, v. 295
Fischer, C., vi. 61
⸺ J., vi. 265, 314
Fisher, Bp. of Rochester, iii. 70, 428, iv. 9, v. 110, vi. 246
Flacius Illyricus, ii. 361, iii. 446, iv. 514, v. 219, 263, 426,
vi. 40, 207, 391 f., 407 ff., 412 f., 443, n.
Flasch, S., iv. 160
Fliesbach, C., vi. 61
Florence, hospitals, iv. 481;
tale, v. 318
Florentina, the runaway nun, iii. 159 f.
Fomes peccati.
_See_ Concupiscence
Fontaine, S., vi. 385
Forchheim, ii. 345
Forgiveness of sins, i. 10;
a covering over, i. 99 f., v. 6 f.;
not an actual removal, i. 208, 210 f., iii. 182, v. 37;
St. Augustine’s view, iv. 462;
comes through faith in Christ, i. 115, iii. 183, 192 f.;
believer sins not in doing evil, i. 208, iii. 180 f.;
article of F. is fundamental, vi. 166, n.;
chief article of the creed, v. 95.
_See_ Confession, Contrition, Faith, Sin
Formal principle.
_See_ Bible alone
Forstemius, v. 500
Forster, vi. 271
Fortenagel, L., ii. 158
Fox, Bp. of Hereford, iv. 10
Franciscans, ii. 128, 254, iii. 166, 172, vi. 247
François I., ii, 168, iii. 424, iv. 69, 76, vi. 472, 480, 488, 490, 492
Frank, S., v. 83, 190, vi. 271, 289
Frankenhausen, ii. 365
Frankfurt on Main, iii. 71, v. 377, 400, vi, 35, 61
⸺ ⸺ Oder, vi. 29, 41
Franz, W., iv. 469
Frederick Barbarossa, v. 424, vi. 443, 494
⸺ II of Prussia, vi. 447 f.
⸺ the Wise of Saxony, his character, iv. 205 f.;
praised by L., ii. 7 f., 91, 101, iii. 167 f.;
his familiarity, v. 311;
passion for relics, i. 284 f., 327;
receives the Golden Rose, i. 365, n.;
L.’s strictures on F., i. 81;
F. protects L., i. 334, 340 f., 355, ii. 67;
restrains him, v. 587;
hinders his marriage?, ii. 183;
F. and Carlstadt, ii. 97 f.;
and Erasmus, ii. 246;
and Spalatin, ii. 23
⸺ III of the Palatinate, vi. 414, 420
Freedom of the Gospel, i. 229, 251, ii. 27 ff., 34, 84-87, 241, iii. 9,
v. 476 f., vi. 447.
_See_ Intolerance
⸺ ⸺ Will, i. 100, 204 ff., 207, 318 f., ii. 223-294, iii. 349 f.;
in Augustine, iv. 458 f.;
according to Calvin, v. 400 f.;
Melanchthon, iii. 346 ff., iv. 436, v. 258, vi. 152 f.;
Schwenckfeld, v. 159.
_See_ Determinism
Free-thought, L. the herald of?, iii. 109
Friars.
_See_ Monks
Friedrich, A., vi. 133
Fröschel, S., v. 188, 280, vi. 137
Fugger family, i. 328, 348 ff., 352, vi. 83
Funk, J., vi. 408
Furtenbach, B., vi. 82
Galatians, commentary on, i. 64, 66, 306-310, 386, v. 292
Gallicanism, i. 164
Gallows grief, i. 292.
_See_ Fear of God’s judgments
Gallus, iv., vi. 410
Gangra, Council, vi. 489
Gantner, J., vi. 271
Gebhard of Mansfeld, iii. 64
Geiler of Kaysersberg, ii. 151, iv. 135, v. 290, vi. 46
Generosity, iv. 270 ff.
Genesis, commentary on, i. 395, iv. 14
Geneva, iii. 448.
_See_ Calvin
George, “Junker,” ii. 81, 159
⸺ of Anhalt, iii. 215, v. 167, 192, vi. 347, 366
⸺ of Brandenburg, ii. 384, iii. 50, 62, 314, vi. 263
⸺ Saxony, iv. 187-193;
L.’s mystical advice to G., i. 228, 242;
preaches before him, i. 334, 369 f.;
at the Leipzig Disputation, i. 362 ff.;
L.’s rage with him, ii. 396 f., iii. 121, iv. 287, 302 f., vi. 243;
G. against L., ii. 395 f., iii. 275, iv. 101 f., 159, 192 f., 322,
v. 171, vi. 400 f.;
G.’s severity to peccant clergy, iv. 158;
G. and Arnoldi, ii. 392;
and Erasmus, ii. 246, 261;
and the “Leipzig poets,” iv. 173 ff.;
and Wicel, iv. 362;
G.’s sons, iv. 163;
his death, iv. 27, 194, 302
Gerbel, N., ii. 83
Gerhard, J., iii. 138
Gerhoch of Reichersberg, v. 553
German, Council, v. 379, 382;
G. language a barbarous one, v. 497;
L.’s influence on G., iii. 103, v. 504-510, vi. 15, 416, 443;
makes unseemliness popular, iii. 239;
G. nationalism, i. 403, ii. 10, 26, iii. 93-108, v. 129, vi. 390 f.,
446, 448, 457, 460 f.;
G. theology, i. 66, 87, 177, 180 f., 230, 237, 345, ii. 145, 225
Germans, L.’s unflattering descriptions, v. 534, vi. 4, 72.
_See_ Italians, Prophet of the G., etc.
Gerson, J., i. 13, 84, 134, 142, 159, 173, 179 f., 233, 243, iii. 179,
v. 91, vi. 202
Getelen, A. von, iv. 383
Ghinucci, G., i. 338
Ghost, egg and feathers of the Holy, iv. 292.
_See_ Spirit
Ghosts, etc., i. 19, 176, ii. 81 f., 95 f., 167, 389 f., iii. 118, 160,
356 f., iv. 315, v. 283 f., 346, vi. 122-140;
L.’s ghost, iv. 300.
_See_ Devils
Giddiness.
_See_ Ailments
Giengarius, ii. 164
Gifts to L., i. 285 f., iii. 304, 314 f., iv. 8, 10, 26, 271.
_See_ Talents
Glareanus, H., vi. 31
Glatz, C., ii. 139, 174, n.
Gleichen, E. von, iv. 20
Glosses, i. 62 f., iii. 398
Gluttony, ii. 87, 94.
_See_ Diet
Gnesiolutherans, iii. 375, vi. 415
God: the Hidden G., i. 161, ii. 239, 268 ff., 284, iii. 190;
G. “in se” and “quoad nos,” v. 441 f.;
Occam’s view that His existence is not demonstrable, i. 158, 161;
shared by Melanchthon, v. 269;
“falsehood” of the Catholic opinion of G., i. 190, 301, ii. 269 f.,
284;
L.’s gloomy conception of G., i. 113, 116, 187-197, 381;
fear of G.’s judgments, i. 10, 189, n., 294 f., 393, v. 473;
G. is not bound by justice, i. 196 f., ii. 292 f., n.;
commands impossibilities, i. 144, 188 f.;
works evil in the wicked, ii. 233, 270, 282, iii. 190.
_See_ Will
Gödelmann, J. G., v. 295
Goethe, vi. 448
Golhart, J., vi. 265
Good intention, works, etc.
_See_ Intention, Works
Gospel, rediscovered by L., i. 393 f.;
“my G.,” iv. 334;
content of the G., iii. 186;
G. existed before Christ, v. 8;
rule of G. quite distinct from worldly rule, v. 564 f.;
Gospel-proviso, ii. 384 f., iii. 330, 338, 343, iv. 96.
_See_ Law
Gotha, i. 69 f., 262, vi. 326, 409
Gout.
_See_ Ailments
Government.
_See_ Authority
Grace, semi-Pelagian stamp of Occam’s teaching, i. 132, 141 ff.,
311, vi. 426;
exaggerated by L., i. 151 ff.;
need of G., 72 ff., 83;
means of G., v. 461 f.;
actual grace, v. 36;
G. and predestination, i. 204 ff., ii. 229;
preparation for G., i. 75, 144 f., ii. 226, iii. 210;
Catholics never know whether they are in G., vi. 193.
_See_ Justification
Granvell, iv. 369
Gräter, J., v. 295
Gratian, i. 91, 311, ii. 51
Gravamina nationis Germanicæ, i. 52 f., ii. 66, 77, iii. 98
Great man, a, iv. 260, 330, vi. 211 f., 448, 457;
a G. theologian, vi. 349;
_see_ Doctor, Megalomania;
Greatness, vi. 398-407
Grebel, C., ii. 370 f.
Greek, i. 28, 128, ii. 235, v. 494, 509 f., 606, vi. 12, 19, 36, 38,
431, 504;
G. orthodox, ii. 13, v. 175
Grefenstein, J., i. 25
Gregorian chant, ii. 171.
_See_ Hymns
Gregory I, iv. 335, 464, 525, v. 252, vi. 515
⸺ VII, iv. 110, n., v. 424, n.
⸺ of Rimini, i. 143 f., 159
Greiffenklau, R. von, ii. 65, vi. 383
Greser, D., vi. 61
Groote, G., i. 88, 173
Gropper, J., vi. 492
Gross, C., iii. 218, n.
⸺ E., iv. 128 f., 136
Grynæus, S., iv. 10, n.
Gualther, R., iv. 10, n., 68
Guidiccione, G., iii. 425
Günther, i. 65, 312, vi. 216
Güttel, C., v. 19
Gymnasia, vi. 20
Haarlem, whale of, iii. 148
Habit, supernatural, i. 155 f.
_See_ Virtue
Hadrian IV, v. 424, n., vi. 494
⸺ VI, i. 55, ii. 39, 165, iv. 371
Hagenau conference, v. 400
Hagiolatry.
_See_ Saint-worship
Halberstadt, v. 220
Halle, v. 165, 219, vi. 272, 381, 384 f., 407
Hallucinations, ii. 81, vi. 129 ff., 172-186
Halo.
_See_ Portraits
Hamburg, iii. 408, v. 218
Hamelmann, H., iv. 223
Hammelburg treaty, ii. 360
Hamster, Hans, vi. 255
Haner, J., iv. 470 f.
Hardenberg, A. R., iv. 497
Harnack, A., on L., i. 398, ii. 72, iv. 483 f., v. 432-469, vi.
63, 441
Hasenberg, J., iv. 173 ff., v. 519
Hass, J., i. 344