See his life by Giralduc Cambrensis, in Wharton's Anglia Sacra, t. 2;
also Doctor Brown Willis, and Wilkins, Conc. Britain. & Hibern. t. 1.
About the year 544.
ST. DAVID, in Welsh Dewid, was son of Xantus, prince of Ceretice, now
Cardiganshire. He was brought up in the service of God, and, being
ordained priest, retired into the Isle of Wight, and embraced an ascetic
life, under the direction of Paulinus, a learned and holy man, who had
been a disciple of St. Germanus of Auxerre. He is said by the sign of
the cross to have restored sight to his master, which he had lost by old
age, and excessive weeping in prayer. He studied a long time to prepare
himself for the functions of the holy ministry. At length, coming out of
his solitude, like the Baptist out of the desert, he preached the word
of eternal life to the Britons. He built a chapel at Glastenbury, a
place which had been consecrated to the divine worship by the first
apostles of this island. He founded twelve monasteries, the principal of
which was in the vale of Ross,[1] near Menevia, where he formed many
great pastors and eminent servants of God. By his rule he obliged all
his monks to assiduous manual labor in the spirit of penance: he allowed
them the use of no cattle to ease them at their work in tilling the
ground. They were never suffered to speak but on occasions of absolute
necessity, and they never ceased to pray, at least mentally, during
their labor. They returned late in the day to the monastery, to read,
write, and pray. Their food was only bread and vegetables, with a little
salt, and they never drank any thing better than a little milk mingled
with water. After their repast they spent three hours in prayer and
adoration; then took a little rest, rose at cock-crowing, and continued
in prayer till they went out to work. Their habit was of the skins of
beasts. When any one petitioned to be admitted, he waited ten days at
the door, during which time he was tried by harsh words, repeated
refusals, and painful labors, that he might learn to die to himself.
When he was admitted, he left all his worldly substance behind him, for
the monastery never received any thing on the score of admission. All
the monks discovered their most secret thoughts and temptations to their
abbot.
The Pelagian heresy springing forth a second time in Britain, the
bishops, in order to suppress it, held a synod at Brevy, in
Cardiganshire, in 512, or rather in 519.[2] St. David, being invited to
it, went thither, and in that venerable assembly confuted and silenced
the infernal monster by his eloquence,{492} learning, and miracles. On
the spot where this council was held, a church was afterwards built
called Llan-Devi Brevi, or the church of St. David near the river Brevi.
At the close of the synod, St. Dubritius, the archbishop of Caerleon,
resigned his see to St. David, whose tears and opposition were only to
be overcome by the absolute command of the synod, which however allowed
him, at his request, the liberty to transfer his see from Caerleon, then
a populous city, to Menevia, now called St. David's, a retired place,
formed by nature for solitude, being, as it were, almost cut off from
the rest of the island, though now an intercourse is opened to it from
Milford-Haven. Soon after the former synod, another was assembled by St.
David at a place called Victoria, in which the acts of the first were
confirmed, and several canons added relating to discipline which were
afterwards confirmed by the authority of the Roman church; and these two
synods were, as it were, the rule and standard of the British churches.
As for St. David, Giraldus adds, that he was the great ornament and
pattern of his age. He spoke with great force and energy, but his
example was more powerful than his eloquence; and he has in all
succeeding ages been the glory of the British church. He continued in
his last see many years; and having founded several monasteries, and
been the spiritual father of many saints, both British and Irish, died
about the year 544, in a very advanced age. St. Kentigtern saw his soul
borne up by angels into heaven. He was buried in his church of St.
Andrew, which hath since taken his name, with the town and the whole
diocese. Near the church stand several chapels, formerly resorted to
with great devotion: the principal is that of St. Nun, mother of St.
David, near which is a beautiful well still frequented by pilgrims.
Another chapel is sacred to St. Lily, surnamed Gwas-Dewy, that is, St.
David's man; for he was his beloved disciple and companion in his
retirement. He is honored there on the 3d, and St. Nun, who lived and
died the spiritual mother of many religious women, on the 2d of March.
The three first days of March were formerly holidays in South Wales in
honor of these three saints; at present only the first is kept a
festival throughout all Wales. John of Glastenbury[3] informs us, that
in the reign of king Edgar, in the year of Christ 962, the relics of St.
David were translated with great solemnity from the vale of Ross to
Glastenbury, together with a portion of the relics of St. Stephen the
Protomartyr.
* * * * *
By singing assiduously the divine praises with pure and holy hearts,
dead to the world and all inordinate passions, monks are styled angels
of the earth. The divine praise is the primary act of the love of God;
for a soul enamored of his adorable goodness and perfections, summons up
all her powers to express the complacency she takes in his infinite
greatness and bliss, and sounds forth his praises with all her strength.
In this entertainment she feels an insatiable delight and sweetness, and
with longing desires aspires after that bliss in which she will love and
praise without intermission or impediment. By each act of divine praise,
the fervor of charity and its habit, and with it every spiritual good
and every rich treasure, is increased in her: moreover, God in return
heaps upon her the choicest blessings of his grace. Therefore, though
the acts of divine praise seem directly to be no more than a tribute or
homage of our affections, which we tender to God, the highest advantages
accrue from these exercises to our souls. St. Stephen of Grandmont was
once asked by a disciple, why we are so frequently exhorted in the
scriptures to bless and praise God, who, being infinite, can receive no
increase from our homages. {493} To which the saint replied: "A man who
blesses and praises God receives from thence the highest advantage
imaginable; for God, in return, bestows on him all his blessings, and
for every word that he repeats in these acts, says: 'For the praises and
blessings which you offer me, I bestow my blessings on you; what you
present to me returns to yourself with an increase which becomes my
liberality and greatness.' It is the divine grace," goes on this holy
doctor, "which first excites a man to praise God, and he only returns to
God his own gift: yet by his continually blessing God, the Lord pours
forth his divine blessings upon him, which are so many new increases of
charity in his soul."
Footnotes:
1. This denomination was given to the valley from the territory where
it was situated, which was called Ross. Frequent mention is made of
this monastery in the acts of several Irish saints, under the name
of Rosnat or Rosnant.
2. See Wilkins, Conc. t. 1.
3. Maximes de S. Etienne de Grandmort, ch. 105, p. 228. Item {}
Sententuarum S. Stephani Grand. c. {}05, p. 103.