13. Sedge Sparrow, near
Nantes, 1805
22. Reed Sparrow, near
Nantes, 1805
78. Hawk's Eye,—Spotted
Plover,—France, 18 March, 1805 [?]
97. The Creeper, France, June 7, 1805
86. Shrike, near Nantes, July, 1805
93. Nuthatch, near Nantes, July 9, 1805
Terns, France, July 12, 1805
50. The Redstart, near
Nantes, August, 1805
61. The Great Swallow (Le
martin noir), near
Nantes, 1805
65. The Wagtail, near Nantes, Dec. 22, 1805
69. The Green Finch, near
Nantes, Dec., 1805
92. L'Ecorcheur à tête rouge,
near Nantes, 1805
6. "Grosbec," near Nantes, 1806 [?]
94. Woodpecker, near Nantes, March 8, 1806
Fish Hawk, Perkioming
Creek, 1806
209. Wood Thrush, Mill Grove, August 14, 1806
145. Long-tailed Duck, New
York, Dec. 17, 1806
Golden Eye, New York, Dec. 28, 1806
153. American Widgeon, New
York, Dec. 28, 1806
102. Robin (eggs dated May
8th), New York, Jany. 4, 1807
156. Shelldrake, New York, Jany. 28, 1807
143. Widgeon, New York, Feby. 23, 1807
146. Canvasback, New York, March 22, 1807
163. Shoveller, New York, April 3, 1807
163. Sprig-tail, New York, Feby. 22, 1807
Wood Duck, 1807
48. Orchard Oriole, Falls of
the Ohio, June 5, 1808
214. Chimney Swallow, Falls of
the Ohio, July 27, 1808
188. Kentucky Warbler, 20
miles from Philadelphia, (June?), 1809
109. Passenger Pigeon, Falls of
the Ohio, Dec. 11, 1809
Hooded Merganser, Falls
of the Ohio, March 7, 1810
41. Catbird, Red Banks, June, 1810
105. Red-wing Blackbird, June, 1810
81. The Frog-eater (Hawk),
Red Banks, Nov. 29, 1810
186. Killdeer, 1811
200, 201. Pewit, and Great-crested
Flycatcher,
Henderson, May 22, 1811
207. Carolina Parrot, Henderson, June 9, 1811
49. Swamp Sparrow, Pennsylvania, March 12, 1812
6. Spotted Sandpiper,
Pennsylvania, April 22, 1812
11. Whippoorwill, Pennsylvania, May 7, 1812
10. Nighthawk, May 8, 1812
58. Great American Shrike,
Henderson, Nov. 30, 1812
76. Red-crowned black Woodpecker,
Henderson, Oct. 15, 1814
66. Black-capped Nuthatch,
Henderson, Feby. 16, 1815
Willet, Henderson, May 8, 1815
Snipe, Henderson, March 17, 1816
300. Yellow-billed Rail, Henderson, Oct. 9, 1816
Purple Gallinule, New
Orleans, April 23, 1821
Chuck Wills Widow, Red
River, June, 1821
The Harvard University collections contain the following:
No. 91. L'Ecorcheur,
42. The Sedge-bird, near
Nantes, 1805
43. The Nightingale, near
Nantes, July 6, 1805
57. Brown Thrush, near New
York, May 10, 1807
Excellent examples of Audubon's early work in the collection
of Mr. John E. Thayer are:
No. 96. Woodpecker: prior to
1803 (see note, vol. i, p.
178).
112. Water Thrush, Mill
Grove, Pennsylvania, Aug. 2, 1806
144. 64. Malaga Shell Drake.
Goosander, Mergus
Merganser A. W. Chute
de L'Ohio 17 December, 1809
175. Crested Titmouse, Redbanks, July 1, 1810
71. 44. The Spirit or Butterball-Bufflehead,
Henderson, Mar. 19, 1815
154. Golden Crested Wren A.
W., Sylvia Regulus,
Shippingport, Kentucky;
drawn by J. J.
Audubon—Mistletoe on
Black Walnut. Jany. 28, 1820
Hermit Thrush, opposite
Fredericksburg, Ky., Oct. 16, 1820
315. Rose-breasted Grosbeak
(on spray of dogwood).
Among the drawings of the Harris-Jeanes collection which may be earlier
than 1805, though they bear no date, are "The Black Crow of Buffon,
Corneille noire," also the head of a Jackdaw wholly in crayon and
pastel: "No. 160, Le grand Duc, âgé vingt un an, Buffon,—the large
horned owl, Eagle owl. J. J. L. Audubon," a crayon sketch on paper
measuring eighteen by twenty-six inches, and water-marked "J. Kool";
also "No. 164. La corneille mantelle de Buffon, Royalton crow, Sea
crane, hooded crow, crow—British,—J. J. L. Audubon," a crude sketch in
pastels of the same size as the last.
The following legends appear on the drawing of the Canvasback Duck:
"Cet Oiseau est nommé Canvas Back Canard very much esteemed par les
Americans and very rare ici [c]elui est male et étais beau"; "New York
le 22 Mars 1807—J. J. L. Audubon" "No. 146."
APPENDIX III
"THE BIRDS OF AMERICA"
1. Final Lists of Subscribers to "The Birds of America," folio edition,
as published by Audubon in 1839. (See _Ornithological Biography_, vol.
v, pp. 647-651.)
List of American Subscribers
1. Library of Congress of the United States, Washington City.
2. State Departments, Washington City.
3. Library of the General Court of Massachusetts.
4. Legislature of South Carolina, for the Columbia College.
5. Legislature of Louisiana.
6. Legislature of Maryland.
7. Legislature of New York.
8. Legislature of Michigan.
9. Boston Athenæum.
10. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
11. Providence Athenæum, Rhode Island.
12. Salem Athenæum, Salem, Massachusetts.
13. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
14. Academy of Natural Sciences, do.
15. Columbia College of New York.
16. Boston Natural History Society.
17. Charleston Library, South Carolina.
18. Charleston Natural History Society, South Carolina.
19. Charleston Citizens' Library, do
20. Richard Harlaw [Harlan], Esq., M.D., Philadelphia.
21. John P. Wetherell, Esq. Philadelphia.
22. Mrs. Ford, do.
23. Mrs. Douglas Cruger, New York.
24. Edward Prime Esq., banker, New York.
25. James G. King, Esq. do. do.
26. Cornelius C. Low, Esq. do.
27. P. J. Stuyvesant, Esq., M.D. do.
28. Robert Ray, Esq. do.
29. J. L. Joseph, Esq. do.
30. Richard N. Carman, Esq. do.
31. Mrs. Bailey, do.
32. Stephen Van Rensselaer, Esq., Albany, New York.
33. Hogden Haggerty, Esq. do.
34. W. L. Colman, Esq. do.
35. Samuel Swartout, Esq. do.
36. James Watson Webb, Esq. do.
37. Thomas H. Faile, Esq. do.
38. Lewis Rogers, Esq. do.
39. Jer. Van Rensselaer, Esq. M.D. do.
40. H. C. De Rham, junior, Esq. do.
41. Stephen A. Halsey, Esq. Long Island, do.
42. Edward Harris, Esq. Moorestown, New Jersey.
43. Thomas H. Perkins, Esq. Boston.
44. J. G. Cushing, Esq. do.
45. Samuel Appleton, Esq. do.
46. George C. Shattuck, Esq. M.D. Boston.
47. P. J. Jackson, Esq. do.
48. James Brown, Esq. do.
49. Frederick Tudor, Esq. do.
50. The Honourable Daniel Webster, do.
51. Augustus Thorndike, Esq. do.
52. L. Baldwin, Esq. Civil Engineer, do.
53. E. Greenwood, Esq. Museum, do.
54. George Pratt, Esq. do.
55. William Sturges, Esq. do.
56. Robert Gilmor, Esq. Baltimore.
57. John B. Morris, Esq. do.
58. —— Smith, Esq. Baltimore.
59. Thomas Edmonston, jun. Esq. do.
60. William Gaston, Esq. Savannah, Georgia.
61. James Potter, Esq. do. do.
62. Alexander Telfair, Esq. do. do.
63. Thomas Young, Esq. do. do.
64. John David Mongin, Esq. do. do.
65. Daniel Blake, Esq. do. do.
66. Thomas Butler King, Esq. St. Simon Island, Georgia.
67. Thomas Metcalf, Esq. Augusta, Georgia.
68. E. Geddings, Esq. M.D., Charleston, South Carolina.
69. William J. Rees, Esq. Stateburgh, do.
70. R. O. Anderson, Esq. Georgetown, do.
71. Miss Burley, Salem, Massachusetts.
72. Miss Elizabeth L. Pickman, Salem, Massachusetts.
73. William Oakes, Esq. Ipswich, do.
74. James Arnold, Esq. New Bedford, Rhode Island.
75. Garnet Duncan, Esq. Louisville, Kentucky.
76. John Croghan, Esq. M. D. do. do.
77. Henry Clay, jun. Esq. Ashland, do.
78. James Grimshaw, Esq. New Orleans.
79. Gustavus Schmidt, Esq. do.
80. J. J. Hughes, Esq. Manchester, Mississippi.
81. John Hunt, Esq. Mobile, Alabama.
82. Henry Hunt, Esq. Mobile, Alabama.
Europe
1. Her Most Excellent Majesty, Queen Adelaide, England.
2. (His Most Christian Majesty, Charles X).
3. His Majesty Philippe I. King of the French.
4. Her Royal Highness Mademoiselle d'Orleans.
5. Prince Massena, Paris.
6. His Grace the Duke of Rutland, London.
7. The Honourable W. C. Wentworth Fitzwilliam, London.
8. The Right Honourable the Countess of Ravensworth, Ravensworth
Castle.
9. The University of Edinburgh.
10. The Society of Writers to her Majesty's Signet, Edinburgh.
11. Henry Witham, Esq. of Lartington, Durham.
12. John Rutter, Esq., M.D., Liverpool.
13. Doctor Bickersteth, Liverpool.
14. Armorer Donkin, Esq. Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
15. Yorkshire Philosophical Society, York.
16. John Clough, Esq., Oxton Hall, Yorkshire.
17. Jos. S. Crompton, jun., Esq., Eshott Hall, Bradford, Yorkshire.
18. Thomas Walker, Esq. Killinbeck, near Leeds.
19. Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society.
20. John Marshall, jun. Esq., Headlinglay, Leeds.
21. Samuel Greg [Gregg], Esq., Quarry Bank, near Manchester.
22. Edward Lloyd, Esq., Greenhill, near Manchester.
23. The Manchester Society for the promotion of Natural History.
24. The Reverend Peter Horden, M.A., for the Cheetham Library,
Manchester.
25. G. W. Wood, Esq., Manchester.
26. Mrs. Rattsbone [Rathbone], Greenbank, Liverpool.
27. J. G. Children, Esq., British Museum, London.
28. The Right Honourable the Earl of Carnarvon, London.
29. S. P. Atkins, Esq., Walbrook, London.
30. The Right Honourable the Earl of Derby, P. Z. S.
[President of the Zoological Society], &c. &c. &c.
31. The Right Honourable Earl Spencer, London.
32. John Heathcote, Esq., London.
33. Joseph John Gurney, Esq. Earlham Hall, Norfolk.
34. James Darbyshire, Esq., Manchester.
35. John Blackwell, Esq., Manchester.
36. A. J. Cresswell Baker, Esq., Prowin Park.
37. Reverend Edward Craig, Edinburgh.
38. The College of Glasgow, as Trustees of the Hunterian Museum.
39. John Buddle, Esq., Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
40. The York Subscription Library, York.
41. Kirk Patrick, Esq., London.
42. T. B. L. L. Baker, Esq. Christ Church, Oxford.
43. Doctor Lodge, for the University Library, Cambridge.
44. George Thackeray, D.D., Provost of King's College, Cambridge.
45. The Cambridge Philosophical Society.
46. The Fitzwilliam Museum, by M. Davy, Vice Chancellor.
47. Dr. Kidd, for the Anatomical School, Christ Church, Oxford.
48. Doctor Williams, for the Radcliffe Library, Oxford.
49. James Pickering Ord, Esq., Hedge Hill, near Derby.
50. The Right Honourable Viscount Milton, London.
51. M. Feuillet, for the Library of the Royal Institute of France.
52. Vicounte [Viscount] Simeon, for the Ministry of the Interior,
6 copies.
53. M. Pitois, Paris.
54. Mrs. Warden, London.
55. Mr. Hearne, bookseller, London.
56. Henry Ellisan, Esq., Beverly, Yorkshire.
57. Benjamin Smith, Esq. M. P., London.
58. The Right Honourable the Earl of Bradford, London.
59. Thomas Frost, Esq., Gorton Hall, near Manchester.
60. John G. Reeves, Esq., Birmingham.
61. Birmingham Old Library, by Beilby, Knott, and Beilby.
62. Joseph C. Dyer, Esq., Manchester.
63. Thomas Walker, Esq., Ravensfield, near Doncaster.
64. George Lamb Fox, Esq., Yorkshire.
65. Haarlem Library, Holland.
66. Mrs. [Miss] Euphemia Gifford, Duffield Bank, Derby.
67. Charles Fox, Esq., Perrair, near Truro, England.
68. George Lane Fox, Esq., Yorkshire.
69. Sir John Tobin, Liverpool.
70. His Grace the Duke of Buccleuch, Dalkeith Palace, Scotland.
71. His Imperial and Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Tuscany,
&c. &c. &c.
72. London Institution, by Mr. Bradley, Librarian.
73. Benjamin Phillips, Esq., F. R. S. L., &c. &c. &c., 17 Wimpole
Street, London.
74. Henry G. Bohn, Esq., London.
75. Charles J. Warde, Esq. Welcomb, near Stratford-on-Avon.
76. The British Museum, London (in part).
77. His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, &c. &c. &c.
78. Earl Hardwicke, &c. &c. &c. Wimpole, Arrington, Cambridge.
79. Sir Jacob Hastley, Bart, &c. &c. &c., Cavendish Square,
London.
2. Prospectus of "The Birds of America," as issued in 1828, when ten
Numbers of the original folio were engraved. (Compare _Ornithological
Biography_, vol. i, pp. 1-16, as supplementary text, at the end.)
Under the Particular Patronage and Approbation
of
His Most Gracious Majesty
BIRDS OF AMERICA
from
Drawings
made
During a Residence of Twenty-five Years
in
The United States and its Territories,
by
John James Audubon,
Citizen of the United States.
Member of the Lyceum of New York; Fellow of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh; of the Linnean Society of London;
Member of the Wernerian Natural History Society of
Edinburgh; of the Zoölogical Society, London; Fellow
of the Society of Scottish Antiquaries; Member of the
Society for promoting the useful Arts of Scotland; of
the Literary and Philosophical Societies of Cambridge,
Liverpool, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne; of the Horticultural
Society of Edinburgh; of the Natural History Society
of Manchester; of the Scottish Academy of Painting,
Sculpture and Architecture, &c., &c.
PROSPECTUS.
To those who have not seen any portion of the Author's splendid
Collection of Original Drawings it may be proper to explain, that their
superiority consists in every specimen being of the full size of life,
portrayed with a degree of accuracy as to proportion and outline, the
result of peculiar means discovered and employed by the Author, and
lately exhibited to a meeting of the Wernerian Society. Besides, in
every instance where a difference of plumage exists between the two
sexes, both the Male and Female Birds have been represented. The Author
has not contented himself with single profile views of the originals,
but in very many instances he has grouped them, as it were, at their
natural avocations, in all sorts of attitudes, either on branches
of trees, or amidst plants and flowers: some are seen pursuing with
avidity their prey through the air, or searching diligently their food
amongst the fragrant foliage; whilst others of an aquatic nature swim,
wade, or glide over their allotted element. The Insects, Reptiles, or
Fishes, that form the food of the birds, have been introduced into the
drawings; and the nests of the birds have been frequently represented.
The Plants are all copied from Nature, and the Botanist, it is hoped,
will look upon them with delight. The Eggs of most of the species will
appear in the course of the publication.
The Particulars of the Plan of the Work will be found detailed below:—
1. The Engravings in every instance to be of the
exact dimensions of the Drawings, which, without any
exception, represent the Birds of their natural size.
2. The Plates will be Coloured, in the most careful
manner, from the original Drawings.
3. The Size of the work will be Double Elephant, and
printed on the finest Drawing Paper.
4. Five Plates will constitute a Number; one Plate from
one of the largest Drawings, one from one of the second
size, and three from the smaller Drawings.
5. There are 400 Drawings; and it is proposed that they
shall comprise Three Volumes, each containing about 133
Plates, to which an Index will be given at the end of
each, to be bound up with the Volume.
6. Five Numbers will come out annually.
7. The Price of each Number will be Two Guineas; payable
on delivery.
TEN Numbers being now completed, will give an exact idea of the nature
and style of the Work. All the other Numbers will at least equal these
in interest and execution. It would be advisable for the Subscribers to
procure a Portfolio, to keep the Numbers till a Volume is completed.
⁂Persons desirous of becoming Subscribers are requested to apply to
Mr. Audubon, or Mr. Robert Havell, Jun. (Engraver), 79, Newman Street,
Oxford Street, London.
Where Specimens of the Work may be seen: or, to any of the following
Agents:—Messrs. Treuttel, Würz & Co., Soho Square, and Mr. S.
Highly, Fleet Street, London; MM. Levrault and Pitois, Paris;
Messrs. Robinsons, Liverpool; Mr. T. Sowler, Manchester; Mr. M. A.
Barclay, York; Messrs. Hernaman and Robinson, Leeds; Mr. E. Charnley,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne; and J. B. Kidd, Esq., Edinburgh.
NOTE BY THE AUTHOR. Audubon's first Prospectus was
issued on March 17, 1827, when two Numbers of his
large work were ready, and the last which I have seen
bears the date of 1831, when one hundred plates had
been published. The present citation is from a copy in
possession of the Boston Public Library; it is printed
on two sides of white paper, octavo, and bears the
autograph of "Wm. Everett, Esq., Aug. 7, 1867."
3. Prospectus of the Second (partial) Edition of "The Birds of
America," issued by John Woodhouse Audubon, through Messrs. Trübner &
Company, London, 1859. (See Bibliography, Nos. 9 and 10.)
AUDUBON'S
Celebrated Work
BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA
To be published in Numbers, by Subscription only,
at one half the original price.
The undersigned proposes to publish, by Subscription, this well-known
Work of his late Father, J. J. Audubon, F.R.SS.L.&E., etc., from the
original Copperplates transferred to stone.
This Edition, in softness, finish, and correctness of coloring, will
be superior to the first, and every Plate will be colored from the
original Drawings, still in possession of the family.
It will contain all the Plates and Text of the original Work,
embracing more than one thousand figures of Birds, all of the size of
nature, represented in action amid the scenes or on the plants most
common to their habits,—together with seven volumes royal octavo, of
Ornithological Biography.
The Work will be issued in forty-five numbers viz., forty-four of
Plates and one of Text, each number of Plates containing ten—printed
on seven sheets double-elephant paper, of the best quality for the
purpose, 27 by 40 inches, and will be delivered to Subscribers Monthly,
at £2, 8s. per number; the last Number, comprising seven volumes of
Text, to be delivered bound with the fifteenth number.
It is intended that each Number shall contain as follows: Viz. two
large Plates, each occupying the whole sheet; two of a medium size,
each occupying also the entire sheet; and six of the smaller size,
two Plates on a sheet; thus presenting ten of the original Plates on
seven sheets, giving a variety in each number. The text is properly
and scientifically classified, and when the Work shall be completed the
Plates can be placed and be bound corresponding with the order of the
Text, in either three or four Volumes. The regular issue of the Numbers
will commence so soon as the number of Subscribers will justify the
undertaking.
As the Work will be published for Subscribers alone, few or none being
printed beyond the number subscribed for, it is not possible that
its pecuniary value can ever be much reduced; on the other hand, the
probabilities are that it will rather be increased. Nor will there ever
be a time when it can be published at a less price than the present;
for in estimating the cost the mere expense of manufacturing has been
taken into consideration, without reference to the original cost of
the Copper-plates, which was nearly One hundred thousand Dollars; and
a very small profit has been charged on the expense thus estimated.
The first Number is considered superior in many respects to the
same Plates in the first Edition, and it is confidently hoped that
subsequent Numbers will exhibit still greater superiority as the
Artists gain experience. A full list of Subscribers will be published
with the Work. The Numbers will not be sold separately, except the
first, which will be sent, properly packed, as a Specimen, to any part
of the country, free of expense, on the receipt of £2, 8s.
Orders or communications to Trübner & Co., Booksellers, 60, Paternoster
Row, London.
New York, March 31, 1859.
J. W. AUDUBON.
* * * * *
Trübner & Co. also offer to the Trade and the Public the following
Editions of Audubon's Birds and Quadrupeds of North America:
Birds of North America—Library Edition, 7 vols., royal 8vo., with 500
finely colored Plates, from Drawings made in the United States and
their Territories. Price £25.
Quadrupeds of North America,—By J. J. Audubon and Rev. John Bachman.
Original Edition, 3 vols. imperial folio, bound in half russia.
One hundred and fifty superbly colored Plates. With descriptive
letter-press, in 3 vols., royal 8vo. Price £63. The same work,—Library
Edition, 3 vols. royal 8vo. with one hundred and fifty-five finely
colored Plates. Price £9, 9s.
NOTE BY THE AUTHOR. For the citation of this rare
document, from the only copy known to exist, I am
indebted to the kindness of Mr. Ruthven Deane, who
writes: "I found this Prospectus bound in the first
volume of _The Ibis_ (1859). This copy was previously
in possession of the late Pierre Verreaux, of Paris,
France, and is now in the John Crerar Library, Chicago,
Illinois."
Ornithologists will be pleased to find that it
immediately sets at rest numerous disputed questions
concerning the plates and text of this sole, but
ill-fated, attempt at the republication of the original
folio of _The Birds of America_ in America. (See
Bibliography, Nos. 9 and 10, and Chapter XXXVI, p. 296.)
Mr. Ruthven Deane has written me that an examination
of the account books kept by the Audubons during the
publication of the large and small editions of _The
Birds of America_ showed partial payments on the Folio
by 23 subscribers; the only name among those not listed
in the _Ornithological Biography_ was that of J. R.
Peters, who was credited with a payment of $412.00. Mr.
Deane adds: "I have a list of the subscribers to the
1840, 8vo., edition, of 1,095 names, New York, Baltimore
and Boston taking 501; also a list of subscribers to the
_Quadrupeds of North America_, 3 volume, 8vo., edition,
of 2,004 names, New York, Boston and Charleston, South
Carolina, taking 1,102."
APPENDIX IV
AUTHENTIC LIKENESSES OF JEAN JACQUES FOUGÈRE AUDUBON
1. _1824._—Oil portrait by himself; painted at "Beech Grove,"
William Garrett Johnson's plantation, West Feliciana, Louisiana;
presented by Audubon to Mrs. Johnson; inherited by her daughter
and granddaughter, and now in possession of Dr. D. G. Murrell,
Paducah, Kentucky. Size of original, 12 by 9 inches. Reproduced in
_The Auk_, vol. iii, 1886 (see Bibliography, No. 184).
2. _1826_ (?).—Oil portrait by himself (?), 18 by 32 inches, West
Feliciana; presented by Audubon to Col. Edward Durrive's father,
later acquired by Mr. E. Curtis, and now in the possession of Mr.
Thomas P. Thompson, New Orleans.
My information concerning this doubtful portrait has been derived
entirely from Mr. Ruthven Deane, to whom its present owner recently
wrote: "My Audubon, by himself, attracts much interest, and grows more
real as time makes it familiar."
3. _1826._—Pencil sketch by himself; signed
"Audubon at Green Bank
_Almost_, Happy!!— Sepr 1826."
Made at the home of Mr. William Rathbone, Sr., and presented to
Mrs. Rathbone; now in possession of Mr. Richard R. Rathbone,
Glen-y-Menai, Anglesey; for reproduction see _The Life and
Adventures of John James Audubon_, edited by Robert Buchanan, and
Maria R. Audubon, _Audubon and His Journals_.
4. _1826_ (?).—Oil portrait by W. H. Holmes, 36 by 28 inches; painted
for Audubon's friend, Walter Horton Bentley, Manchester, England,
and in possession of the Bentley family ever since. Audubon is
represented in a green coat, a crimson cloak with deep fur edging
thrown over one shoulder, and with portfolio in hand.
For information concerning this fine but little known portrait, as
well as for the photograph reproduced in Vol. I, p. 412, I am indebted
to Mr. Ruthven Deane. In 1913, Mr. John Conway Bentley, a grandson of
the former owner, formerly of Glasgow, but then living in Cheshire,
England, attempted to dispose of the Holmes portrait in this country.
5. _1826._—Oil portrait by John Syme; painted at Edinburgh, November,
1826; supposed to have been engraved by W. H. Lizars, but no trace
of painting or engraving has been found. See Maria R. Audubon,
_op. cit._, vol. i, pp. 157 and 165.
On November 27, 1826, Audubon wrote: "At twelve I went to _stand up_
for my picture, and sick enough I was of it by two; at the request of
Mr. Lizars I wear my wolf-skin coat, and if the head is not a strong
likeness, perhaps the coat may be." In writing to his son, Victor, in
1833 (see Chapter XXVII, p. 57), Audubon said: "I am glad to hear of
Kidd & Co.'s publication of Parrots, but I regret that my face should
have been there from Syme's picture, which in my estimation is none of
the best."
6. _1828._—Oil portrait painted in London by an American artist named
Parker, in August, 1828; Parker subsequently accompanied Audubon
and Swainson to Paris, where he is said to have executed portraits
of Cuvier and Redouté. On August 25, a few days before starting
on this journey, Audubon wrote: "Mr. Parker has nearly finished my
portrait, which he considers a good one, and _so do I_" (Maria R.
Audubon, _op. cit._, vol. i, p. 303). No further mention of this
painting has been found.
7. _1830-31._—Miniature painted on ivory by Frederick Cruikshank,
probably in London, and before Audubon's return to America on
August 2, 1831. This portrait has become well known through the
excellent engraving of it by C. Turner, A.R.A., first published
in London, "Jany. 12, 1835, for the Proprietor, by Robert Havell,
Print-seller, 77, Oxford Street," with Audubon's characteristic
autograph. Good copies of the original engraving have become very
rare. (See Frontispiece, Vol. I.)
Miss Maria R. Audubon possesses a very faint water-color sketch of the
original, which, as she has recently written me, "was destroyed by fire
at Shelbyville, Kentucky, with many other rare and valuable belongings
of my grandmother's, soon after her death [in 1874]."
8. _1833._—Portrait in oils by Henry Inman; half-length, natural
size; in possession of Miss Harriet B. Audubon. "Mr. Inman
has painted my Portrait in Oil, and _I say_ that it is a truer
portrait of me than even the Miniature" (see Chapter XXVII, p.
39). Engraved by H. B. Hall for the second Octavo Edition of _The
Birds of America_, published in 1856, and the same engraving has
appeared in later editions of _The Life of John James Audubon,
the Naturalist_, edited by Lucy Audubon; for reproduction of a
photograph of the original portrait, see Maria R. Audubon, _op.
cit._, vol. i, p. 206; and for reproduction of the Hall engraving,
Vol. II, p. 130, of the present work.
This portrait, like the Cruikshank miniature, has become well known
through frequent reproduction; both represent the naturalist at
the full meridian of his working powers, and are among the finest
likenesses of him extant.
9. _1834._—"John J. Audubon"; portrait drawn and engraved on steel
by J. Brown; published by Geo. Henderson, 2, Old Bailey, Ludgate
Hill, London, 1834. A poor drawing of Audubon, in hunting dress,
published with a biographical sketch, in an English edition
of Cuvier's _Le régne animal_ (see Bibliography, No. 56). This
drawing served as the basis of a wood engraving, in which Audubon
is represented as a much younger man, three-quarters length,
gun in hand, with thumb on trigger, which appeared in _Gleason's
Pictorial_ for 1852 (see Bibliography, No. 67.).
10. (Before) _1839_.—Life Mask, made in London by Robert Havell,
Junior, and formerly in his possession; acquired from his
daughters, Mrs. Amelia Jane Lockwood and Miss Marion Elington
Havell, by Mr. John E. Thayer, and by him presented to Harvard
University. For reproduction of the mask, for excellent
photographs of which I am indebted to Dr. Samuel Henshaw, Director
of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy, Harvard University, see Vol.
II, p. 188.
The original was made from a dark colored plaster (?), and has a
decidedly coarse texture. Mr. Harry P. Havell, who possesses a replica
of the original in wax, writes that he obtained from the Misses Havell,
his cousins, the information that this mask was made while Audubon was
at their home in London; the matter was treated in a jocular way, as
Audubon lay upon a sofa with straws in his nose, while submitting to
the rather unpleasant ordeal of having a mold made of his countenance.
Mr. Havell, to whom I am indebted for the substance of this note, also
possesses the silver loving cup, which Audubon presented to Robert
Havell upon the completion of the second volume of his illustrations
in 1834 (see Chapter XXXII, p. 192). For notice of another mask by
O'Neill, Edinburgh, 1827, see Maria R. Audubon, _op. cit._, vol. i, p.
205.
11. _1838._—Portrait in oils, three-quarters length, by George P. A.
Healy; represents Audubon in hunting shirt, with flowing collar
open at neck, knapsack at side and gun in hand (see Frontispiece,
Vol. II); painted in London upon the initiative of the artist,
still struggling for recognition.
This portrait, with a number of other paintings, was raffled at Boston,
at a later day, when it was won by the artist, who then gave it to
a former patron, Mr. Bradlee, by whom it was presented to the Boston
Society of Natural History, and it now hangs in the library of that
institution. The present reproduction is from a photograph received
through the kindness of Mr. Ruthven Deane, who still owns the negative,
which was reproduced in Mr. Healy's _Reminiscences_ (see Bibliography,
No. 197).
12. _1840-45_ (?).—Cameo, by John C. King; original intaglio, in shell,
a cast of which was given by the artist to Mr. Kennard, and is
now in possession of Mr. Frederic H. Kennard, of Boston; cast
first reproduced by C. Hart Merriam, in _The Auk_ for 1908 (see
Bibliography, No. 226).
Mr. King was a Scotch artist and sculptor, who died at Boston, April
21, 1882.
13. _1841_ (?).—Portrait in oils, full length and size, by John
Woodhouse Audubon; figure seated, with landscape background; gun
resting on arm, and dog at side. For reproduction, see Maria R.
Audubon, _op. cit._ This or the following used as the basis of a
painting by Alonzo Chappel (see No. 23).
14. _1841_ (?).—Half-length portrait in oils, natural size, by John
Woodhouse and Victor Gifford Audubon. Original presented to the
American Museum of Natural History by Mr. Fordham Morris in 1900;
for reproduction, see Vol. II, p. 226.
15. _1841_ (?).—Full-length portrait, in oils, by John Woodhouse
Audubon; original now in possession of the American Museum of
Natural History; for reproduction, see Vol. II, p. 250.
16. _1842._—Pencil sketch by Isaac Sprague (1811-1895), an artist noted
for his paintings of plants and birds. Sprague accompanied Audubon
on his expedition to the Missouri River in 1843. According to Miss
Maria R. Audubon, the original drawing is still in possession
of the Sprague family, Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts. For
reproduction, see Maria R. Audubon, _op. cit._
17. _1843._—Half-length portrait in oils, by John Woodhouse Audubon,
representing the naturalist as he appeared when returning from his
expedition to the Missouri River in November, 1843, with flowing
white hair and beard; he wears a green overcoat, with fur collar,
and with both hands holds a favorite gun. The original, which was
never quite finished, is now in possession of his granddaughters,
at Salem, New York. For reproduction, see Maria R. Audubon, _op.
cit._, vol. i., frontispiece.
18. _1844._—Cameo by John C. King, now known only from the photograph
made from a cast of the original intaglio, which the artist
presented to the father of Mr. O. A. Farwell, of Detroit, in 1871.
"My father and Mr. King were great friends, and on one occasion, when
father dropped into Mr. King's studio, he found Mr. Audubon sitting
for the cameo. Mr. King introduced the two gentlemen and asked them
to start a conversation, which was continued during the sitting. The
two men became so animated in their very interesting conversation that
they forgot where they were, and thus the artist was enabled to catch
the natural and striking expression of the great ornithologist." See
"The King Cameos of Audubon," by C. Hart Merriam (Bibl. No. 226), who
published the first account of this photograph, and of the previously
mentioned Kennard cast, with reproductions, in 1908. No trace of the
original cameos, which were cut in shell, has yet been found. The
Farwell photograph has been reproduced as a medallion on the covers of
the present work.
19. _1848-49_ (?).—A daguerreotype made by Brady, in New York,
probably before 1850, since it was published in that year, and a
considerable interval of time is clearly represented between this
first camera likeness and the last which was ever made of the
naturalist (see No. 20, and Vol. II, p. 280). This daguerreotype
was first published as a steel engraving by D'Avignon, in
Lester's _Gallery of Illustrious Americans_ (for which it was,
in all probability, originally made), in New York, 1850 (see
Bibliography, No. 62).
The same sun portrait was again engraved on steel (size 4¼ by 3¼
inches) by Nordheim, and published by Hermann J. Meyer, 164
William Street, New York. It also appeared as a wood engraving,
brought out by M. P.-A. Cap, in _Le Muséum D'Histoire Naturelle_,
p. 175, Paris, 1854: a better reproduction, by the same process,
was given in _Scribner's Magazine_, vol. xiii, p. 275 (see
"Audubon's Story of his Youth," by Maria R. Audubon, Bibl. No.
40), in 1893.
The original daguerreotype was finally discovered in the collections at
the National Museum, at Washington, where it had been deposited by Mrs.
Elizabeth Berthoud Grimshaw, a daughter of Mrs. Nicholas Berthoud, and
niece of Mrs. Audubon; it was again published by Dr. R. W. Shufeldt,
and Miss M. R. Audubon, in 1894 (see "The Last Portrait of Audubon,"
Bibl. No. 196). According to the writers just cited, the daguerreotype
was formerly in possession of Mrs. Gordon, a sister of Mrs. J. J.
Audubon, who gave it to the present owner.
20. _1850_ (?).—A daguerreotype, representing Audubon as he appeared
at the close of his career; original in possession of Miss Mary
Eliza Audubon; for reproduction see _Audubon and his Journals_,
vol. I, p. 74, and Vol. II, p. 280, of the present work. As to the
probable date of this picture, see the preceding notice.
21. _1851._—Death mask; profile from original, since destroyed by
fire, reproduced in _Scribner's Magazine_, vol. xiii, by Maria R.
Audubon (Bibl. No. 40), March, 1893.
22. _1851._—Profile of head; pencil sketch, after death, made by John
W. Audubon; reproduced by Maria R. Audubon, _Audubon and his
Journals_, vol. ii, p. 526.
23. _1861._—Oil portrait by Alonzo Chappel, engraved on steel for
Duyckinck's _National Portrait Gallery of Eminent Americans_ (see
Bibliography, No. 74), and published by Messrs. Johnson, Fry &
Company, New York, 1862.
The original of this portrait, which was evidently drawn, with slight
changes, from the large painting of the same subject by John Woodhouse
Audubon, executed about 1841 (see No. 13), is now in possession of Mr.
Ruthven Deane, who has written me that it is done in black and white,
like all of Chappel's work which was designed for the purposes of steel
engraving, and measures 12 by 17 inches. Concerning this artist, Mr.
Arthur Lumley wrote to Mr. Deane on April 26, 1905, as follows: "I knew
Chappel in my boyhood days, when he ranked next to Felix O. C. Darley
as an illustrator; at the same time he was a good portrait painter
in oil. Chappel, in many ways, was a gifted man, and his historical
pictures were fine in composition and color. He held a high rank, and
had no occasion to seek orders, having all he could do, and at his
own terms; most of his work was reproduced by steel-plate engravings":
Chappel, he adds, who died about 1875, was "a quiet, genial gentleman
who was ever ready to help and guide rising aspirants in the field of
art."
24. _1907_ (unveiled).—Bust by William Couper; unveiled at the American
Museum of Natural History, New York, December 29, 1906. Reproduced
through courtesy of the Museum, at p. 160 of Vol. II of the
present work.
25. _1910_ (unveiled).—Statue, by Edward Virginius Valentine; unveiled
in Audubon Park, New Orleans, November 26, 1910; reproduced at p.
14 of Vol. I of the present work.
APPENDIX V
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Besides the published writings of Audubon, I have included in this
Bibliography such references to his life and times as occur in the text
or which possess some degree of merit; all other important literary and
historical authorities are cited in footnotes to the text. The titles
appear in a single numerical series, but the arrangement under each
head is strictly chronological. All references to this list in the text
are indicated usually by title, with the name of the author, and always
by Arabic numerals, in correspondence with the series which follows. If
some chaff has been admitted to this garner, no corn, I hope, has been
thrown into the fire.
a. Principal Works
1. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
_The Birds of America_, from Original Drawings by John James
Audubon, Fellow of the Royal Societies of London & Edinburgh and
of the Linnæan & Zoölogical Societies of London, Member of the
Natural History Society of Paris, of the Lyceum of New York, &c.
&c. &c. 4 vols. colored plates, double elephant folio. Published
by the Author. London, 1827-1838.
Issued without text, titles excepted, to subscribers, in 87 Numbers
of 5 plates each, or 435 copper-plate engravings, colored by hand,
and representing 1,065 life-size figures of 489 supposedly distinct
species of birds. Titles the same, except that in volumes II-IV, after
"New York," in list of societies following author's name, is added,
"of the Philosophical Society and the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia." Begun at Edinburgh in autumn of 1826, and completed in
London, June 20, 1838.
A more detailed citation is:
Vol. I. Parts 1-22, pll. i- cx, 1827-30.
Vol. II. Parts 23-44, pll. cxi- ccxx, 1831-34.
Vol. III. Parts 45-66, pll. ccxxi- cccxxx, 1834-35.
Vol. IV. Parts 67-87, pll. cccxxxi-ccccxxxv, 1835-38.
More exact data on publication of individual plates are:
1827 pll. 1- 25
1828 pll. 26- 50
1829 pll. 51- 75
1830 pll. 76-100
1831 pll. 101(?)-125
1832 pll. 126-155(?)
1833 pll. 156-185
1834 pll. 186-235
1835 pll. 236-285
1836 pll. 286-350
1837 pll. 351-400
1838 pll. 400[401]-435
The first ten plates were executed by William Home Lizars, Edinburgh,
1826-7, but were later retouched or reëngraved (?) by Robert Havell,
Junior, who produced all the rest in London; printed on Whatman's
drawing paper, size (untrimmed), 39½ x 29½ inches, and colored
after the originals. A considerable number of the plain plates were
dispersed, and at least one complete set exists in this state (see
Note, Chapter XXVI, Vol. II, p. 7, and also Chapter XXXII, Vol. II,
p. 190); scientific and common names, with legends of author and
engraver, and eventually the date of publication, were given on each
plate. Issued to subscribers at two guineas a Part, and sold in Europe
at £182, 14s; in America, at $1,000. The Turkey Cock (Plate No. 1) now
brings upwards of $140, and perfect sets upwards of $4,000, according
to binding and state. Total number of original sets probably did not
exceed 190 or 200.
2. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. SS. L. & E. [with list of societies]:
_Ornithological Biography_, or an account of the habits of
the Birds of the United States of America; accompanied by
descriptions of the objects represented in the work entitled
_The Birds of America_, and interspersed with delineations
of American scenery and manners. 5 vols. roy. 8vo. Edinburgh,
1831-1839.
Vol. I (original ed.). Preface dated "March 1831." Pp. i-xxiv,
1-512, and 1-16, including "Prospectus," "Contents" to Vol.
I, and names of subscribers to _The Birds of America_. Text
to accompany plates i-c of the large folio. Adam Black, 55
North Bridge (with names of agents; Neill & Co. Printers, Old
Fishmarket), Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXI.
Vol. I (American reprint). Pagination the same. Judah Dobson,
Agent, 108 Chestnut St., and H. H. Porter, Literary Rooms, 121
Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MDCCCXXXI. Copyright by R. Harlan,
M.D., 1831. Printed by James Kay, Jun. & Co., Printers to the
American Philosophical Society, No. 4 Minor St.
Vol. I (American reprint). The same, but bearing the imprint of E.
L. Carey and A. Hart, Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MDCCCXXXV.
Vol. II (original ed.). Preface dated "1st December 1834." Pp.
i-xxxii, 1-588. Text of plates ci-cc. Adam and Charles Black.
Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXIV.
Vol. II (American reprint). The same, but with imprint of
Hilliard, Gray, and Company. Boston, MDCCCXXXV.
Vol. III (original and only ed., as are IV and V). Preface dated
"1st December 1835." Pp. i-xvi, 1-638, with 9 woodcuts. Text to
plates cci-ccc. Same imprint as Vol. II. Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXV.
Vol. IV. Preface dated "1st November 1838." Pp. i-xxviii, 1-618.
Text to plates ccci-ccclxxxvii. Imprint, the same. Edinburgh,
MDCCCXXXVIII.
Vol. V. Preface dated "1st May 1839." Pp. i-xl, 1-664, with 98
woodcuts. Text to plates ccclxxxviii-ccccxxxv. Same imprint.
Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXIX.
According to Stone, 5 species recognized in the folio are suppressed
in the "Biography"; 26 new names are given, and 502 species are
recognized, but as 11 were more or less hypothetical, 491 remain in
supposedly good standing.
3. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. SS. L. & E. Member of various scientific
associations in Europe and America:
_A Synopsis of the Birds of North America._ Pp. i-xi, 1-359. 8vo.
Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh; Longman, Rees, Brown, Green and
Longman, London. MDCCCXXXIX.
A methodical index to the birds of America, with special reference to
the large folio plates and _Ornithological Biography_; 45 families and
139 genera are defined; 5 new names are added, making the total number
of recognized species 491.
4. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. SS. L. & E. (&c., &c.):
_The Birds of America_ from Drawings made in the United States and
its Territories. 7 vols. of text and plates, roy. 8vo. Published
by the Author and J. B. Chevalier. New York and Philadelphia,
1840-1844.
The "_Birds_ in Miniature," or first octavo edition of text and plates
combined; issued to subscribers in 100 Parts, each with 5 lithographic
colored plates, at $1.00 a Part.
Vol. I. Parts 1-14; pll. 1-70; pp. i-viii, 9-256. 1840.
Vol. II. Parts 15-28; pll. 71-140; pp. i-viii, 9-206. 1841.
Vol. III. Parts 29-42; pll. 141-210; pp. i-viii, 9-236. 1841.
Vol. IV. Parts 43-56; pll. 211-280; pp. i-viii, 9-324. 1842.
Vol. V. Parts 57-70; pll. 281-350; pp. i-viii, 9-348. 1842.
Vol. VI. Parts 71-84; pll. 251[351]-420; pp. i-viii, 9-460. 1843.
Vol. VII. Pts. 85-100; pll. 421-500; pp. i-x, 9[11]-374. 1844.
In this "miniature" edition, the "delineations of American scenery
and manners" are omitted, the text revised, and the nomenclature made
to conform with the _Synopsis_; the plates of the large folio were
broken up, and their accessories reduced, so that but one species
appears on each; 7 species, described in the _Biography_ and _Synopsis_
are figured for the first time in an Appendix, in which also appear
17 species that had been neither figured nor described before, thus
bringing the total number of birds represented on the octavo plates to
500; four of the largest birds receive two plates each, thus leaving
the number of distinct species figured at 496, while the 12 species
herein described brings the total number of species recognized by
Audubon in 1844 to 508. The plates of this edition are rearranged and
renumbered to conform with the new arrangement of the text, which was
considerably improved. The series begins with the California Vulture,
and ends with Baird's Bunting.
Vols. I-V were published by J. J. Audubon, New York, and simultaneously
issued by J. B. Chevalier, Philadelphia; Vols. VI-VII, published by
J. J. Audubon, 77 Williams St., New York, and 34 North First St.,
Philadelphia.
The Numbers or Parts were issued in blue paper covers, or drab when
without plates (7 x 11 inches), on which were printed the "Prospectus,"
lists of subscribers and agents, besides other information which the
author wished to convey to his patrons. The printer's legend at the
right lower corner reads: "Lithd. Printed & Cold. by J. T. Bowen,
Philada." Parts in original covers are extremely rare; a set in this
condition was offered in 1914 at $750.
5. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, and BACHMAN, REV. JOHN:
_The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America._ 2 vols. of 150
lithographic, colored plates; imp. folio. Published by J. J.
Audubon, New York, 1845-1846.
Vol. I. Parts 1-15, pll. 1-75, 1845.
Vol. II. Parts 16-30, pll. 76-150, 1846.
Issued to subscribers in 30 Parts of 5 plates each, size 28 x 22
inches, at $10 a part, or $300, without text except titles, tables of
contents, and names on plates; 76 of the originals by J. J. Audubon,
and 74 by J. W. Audubon, assisted by V. G. Audubon. Author's and
printer's legends read: "Drawn from Nature by J. J. Audubon, F.
R. S. F. L. S.," and "Lith. Printed & Cold. by J. T. Bowen, Phila.
1842[-1845]."
6. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. S. (&c., &c.), and BACHMAN, REV. JOHN, D.
D. (&c., &c.):
_The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America._ 3 vols., roy. 8vo.
Published by J. J. Audubon and V. G. Audubon, New York, 1846-1854.
Issued to subscribers, as text to foregoing:
Vol. I. Pp. i-xvi, 1-390. Text only. Published by J. J. Audubon,
New York, 1846.
Vol. I (European ed.). The same as foregoing with imprint of Wiley
& Putnam, London, 1847.
Vol. II. Pp. 1-336. Text only. Published by V. G. Audubon, 1851.
Vol. III. Pp. i-vi, 1-350. Text, with 6 colored plates. Published
by V. G. Audubon, 1854.
7. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. S. (&c., &c.), and BACHMAN, REV. JOHN, D.
D. (&c., &c.):
_The Quadrupeds of North America_ [in "Miniature"]. 3 vols., roy.
8vo., with 155 colored plates. Published by V. G. Audubon, New
York, 1854.
Vol. I. Nos. 1-10, pll. i-l, pp. i-viii, 1-384.
Vol. II. Nos. 11-20, pll. li-c, pp. 1-334.
Vol. III. Nos. 21-31, pll. ci-clv, pp. i-vi, 1-348.
First and only edition of the text and plates reduced to octavo size;
most of the plates lithographed, printed and colored by J. T. Bowen. In
Vol. I the introduction is cut down, the list of subscribers omitted,
and tables of contents and genera placed at end; Vol. II is same as
first edition, with omission of subscribers' lists; Vol. III same
as in first edition, except for omission of table of genera at back.
All plates in Vol. I, and 28 in Vol. II, or 78 in all, are by J. J.
Audubon, and 77 are by J. W. Audubon.
8. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. S. (&c., &c.):
_The Birds of America_, from Drawings made in the United States
and their Territories. Vols. I-VII, roy. 8vo. Published by V. G.
Audubon, New York, 1856.
The second octavo edition of the _Birds_, with 500 plates, published
without change, except in pagination. The portrait of Audubon, which
appears in this or in some of the later editions, was engraved by H. B.
Hall after the painting by Henry Inman.
9. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
_The Birds of America_; from Original Drawings by John James
Audubon, Fellow of the Royal Societies of London & Edinburgh, &c.,
&c., &c. Reissued by J. W. Audubon. 1 vol. of 106 double elephant
folio plates, in chromolithography, by J. Bien, 180 Broadway,
representing 151 of the original copper plates. Roe Lockwood &
Son, Publishers. New York, 1860.
The only (and partial) reissue of the original folio; plates, in many
instances double, renumbered to correspond with the octavo edition,
with backgrounds often simplified or changed, and much inferior to
the original hand-colored engravings; the plates are dated "1858" or
"1859." Checked by the Civil War, the residual stock of plates found
a ready sale thirty years later. Citation from copy in the Public
Library, New York City. (See Appendix III, Document No. 3).
10. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
_The Birds of America_, from Drawings made in the United States
and their Territories, by John James Audubon, F. R. S., &c., &c.
Reissued by J. W. Audubon. Vols. I-VII, roy. 8vo. Text only. Roe
Lockwood & Son, Publishers. New York, 1861. Vol. I, pp. i-viii,
11-246; Vol. II, pp. i-viii, 11-200; Vol. III, pp. i-viii, 9-234;
Vol. IV, pp. i-viii, 9-322; Vol. V, pp. i-viii, 9-346; Vol. VI,
pp. i-viii, 2-456; Vol. VII (not seen).
Issued as the letterpress of the imperfect folio (see No. 9) described
above. According to Sabin, quoted by Coues (see No. 181 of this
Bibliography), only 4 royal octavo volumes of this text was issued;
the present citation is from the 6 volumes in the Public Library of
New York; all are without plates, and it should be noted that Vols. I
and II, and III and IV are bound as _two_ volumes. In 1914 a set of
this edition, in seven volumes, bound in cloth, was advertised by a
bookseller in New York at $40. (See Appendix III, Document No. 3).
11. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
_The Birds of America_ ... Reissued by J. W. Audubon, in 7 vols.,
imper. 8vo., with 500 colored plates, 10 x 7 inches. Roe Lockwood
& Son. New York, 1861.
Third complete octavo edition, to be distinguished from the 7 vols.
(No. 10) referred to above, and the V. G. Audubon reissue of 1856 (No.
8). Reference partly from Coues.
12. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
_The Birds of North America_: a popular and scientific description
of the Birds of the United States and their Territories. New
edition. New York, 1863.
Not seen, but given on the authority of Coues.
13. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
_The Birds of America_ ... 8 vols. 8vo. New York, 1865.
According to Coues, a later edition of J. W. Audubon's reissue of 1861,
but in 8 instead of 7 volumes.
14. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. S. (&c., &c.):
_The Birds of America_, from drawings made in the United States
and their Territories. Vols. I-VIII, imper. 8vo. George R.
Lockwood, late Roe Lockwood & Son, 812 Broadway, New York. No
date. (1871.) Vol. I, pp. i-viii, i-xv (memoir), 11-246, pll.
1-70; Vol. II, pp. i-vii, 11-199, pll. 71-140; Vol. III, pp.
i-viii, 9-233, pll. 141-210; Vol. IV, pp. i-viii, 9-321, pll.
211-280; Vol. V, pp. i-viii, 9-346, pll. 281-250; Vol. VI, pp.
i-vii, 9-298, pll. 351-394; Vol. VII, pp. i-vii, 9-285, pll.
395-440; Vol. VIII, pp. i-viii, 9-256, pll. 441-500. (Pagination
taken from Coues.)
Sixth and last complete octavo edition of text and plates, being
a reissue of the 1865 edition. In the biography, signed "G. R.
L[ockwood]., 1870," it is stated that Jean Audubon died "at Rochefort
on the Loire [_sic_], where he had a large estate" at the age of
ninety-five, and that J. J. Audubon was born on his father's plantation
at New Orleans in 1780. This memoir was issued separately as an
advertising pamphlet by J. L. Sibole ("Fine Book Dealer, 109 So. 15th.
Street, New York"), to exploit the octavo editions of the _Birds_ and
_Quadrupeds_ (pp. 1-15, paper cover, no date).
b. Minor Papers and Reprints
15. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
"On the Hirundo fulva of Vieillot." _Annals of the Lyceum of
Natural History of New York_, vol. i, pp. 163-166. New York, 1824.
16. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
"Facts and Observations connected with the permanent residence of
swallows in the United States." _Annals of the Lyceum of Natural
History of New York_, vol. i, pp. 166-168. New York, 1824.
17. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES (a citizen of the United States):
"Account of the Habits of the Turkey Buzzard (_Vultur aura_)
particularly with the view of exploding the opinion generally
entertained of its extraordinary power of Smelling." In a letter
to Professor Jameson. [Note.] This communication was originally
intended to be sent to a friend unacquainted with the habits
of birds—J. J. A. _Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, vol. 2
(Oct.-Apr.), pp. 172-184. Edinburgh, 1826-1827. Dated "Edinburgh,
Dec. 7, 1826."
18. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
"Observations on the Natural History of the Alligator." In a
letter to Sir William Jardine, Baronet, &c. _Edinburgh New
Philosophical Journal_, vol. 2, (Oct.-April), pp. 270-280.
Edinburgh, 1826-1827.
Gives the first account of the nesting habits of the American alligator.
19. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
"Account of the Carrion Crow or Vultur atratus." _Edinburgh
Journal of Science_, vol. vi (Nov.-April), pp. 156-161. Edinburgh,
1826-1827.
Notices the nesting and other habits, and maintains that this species,
like the Turkey Buzzard, is guided to its food by sight and not by
smell.
20. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
"Notes on the Habits of the Wild Pigeon of America, Columba
migratoria." _Edinburgh Journal of Science_, vol. vi (Nov.-April),
pp. 256-265. Edinburgh, 1826-1827.
Read before the Royal Society of Edinburgh, February 19, 1827.
21. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
"Notes on the Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), in a letter
addressed to Thomas Stuart Traill, M. D., &c." _Edinburgh New
Philosophical Journal_, vol. 3 (April-Oct.), pp. 21-30. Edinburgh,
1827.
Read before the Wernerian Society of Natural History, February 24,
1827. Reproduced in _Journal of the Franklin Institute and American
Mechanics' Magazine_, vol. ii, N. S., pp. 32-37. Philadelphia, 1828.
Later repudiated by the editor; see Thomas P. Jones, "The Romance of
the Rattlesnake," No. 93 of this Bibliography.
22. AUDUBON, J. J.:
"Account of the Method of Drawing Birds employed by J. J. Audubon,
Esq., F. R. S. E." In a letter to a friend. _Edinburgh Journal of
Science_, vol. viii, pp. 48-54. Edinburgh, 1828.
22a. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
"Journey up the Mississippi." _The Winter's Wreath_ for 1829, pp.
104-127. Liverpool and Philadelphia, 1828.
23. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
"Notes on the Bird of Washington—(Falco Washingtonia) or Great
American Sea Eagle" (with figure). _Loudon's Magazine of Natural
History_, vol. i, pp. 115-120. London, 1828-1829.
Dated "London, April, 1828."
24. AUDUBON, JOHN J.:
"The Flood of the Mississippi." _Edinburgh Literary Journal._
February, 1831, pp. 140-142.
See "Episode" entitled "A Flood," _Ornithological Biography_, vol. i.
25. AUDUBON, J. J.:
"An Account of the Habits of the American Goshawk (Falco
palumbarius, Wils.)." In a letter to Sir William Jardine, Bart.
_Edinburgh Journal of Natural and Geographical Science_, vol. 3
(March), pp. 145-147. Edinburgh, 1831.
26. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
"Improvements in the Navigation of the Mississippi." _Edinburgh
Literary Journal_, March 26, 1831, pp. 194-195.
See _Ornithological Biography_, vol. i.
27. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
"Hunting the Cougar, or the American Lion." _Edinburgh New
Philosophical Journal_, vol. 11, pp. 103-115. Edinburgh, 1831.
See "The Cougar," _Ornithological Biography_, vol. i. "It having
been remarked, and rather sharply, that in our article on 'Audubon's
Ornithological Biography,' we have overrated that gentleman's talents,
we, in our own vindication, and as proofs of Audubon's descriptive
powers, submit to the judgment of our readers the above sketch, taken
at random from his work." (Editor's note.)
28. AUDUBON, J. J.:
"Account of a Hurricane in North America." _Edinburgh New
Philosophical Journal_, vol. 12 (Oct.-April), pp. 278-281.
Edinburgh, 1831-1832.
See "The Hurricane," _Ornithological Biography_, vol. i.
29. AUDUBON, J. J.:
"The Ohio." _Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, vol. 12, pp.
122-126. Edinburgh, 1832.
See the same, _Ornithological Biography_, vol. i.
30. AUDUBON, J. J., and BACHMAN, REV. JOHN, D. D.:
"Descriptions of New Species of Quadrupeds inhabiting North
America." _Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences_, vol. viii,
pt. ii, pp. 280-329. Philadelphia, 1839-1842.
Read, Oct. 5, 1841.
31. AUDUBON, J. J., and BACHMAN, J.:
"Descriptions of New Species of Quadrupeds inhabiting North
America." _Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences_, vol.
i (Oct., 1841), pp. 92-103. Philadelphia, 1843.
32. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, and BACHMAN, JOHN:
"Description of a new North American Fox, genus Vulpes, Cuv.,
(Utah)." _Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences_, vol.
vi, pp. 114-116. Philadelphia, 1852-1853.
33. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
"Earthquake in Kentucky." Reproduced in _Magazine of American
History_, vol. 16, pp. 342-344, with portrait. New York, 1886.
See "The Earthquake," _Ornithological Biography_, vol. i.
c. Epistolary Articles
34. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:
"Letter to the Editor" (No. 1). Dated "St. Augustine, East
Florida, Dec. 7, 1831." _Monthly American Journal of Geology and
Natural Science_, vol. i, pp. 358-363. Philadelphia, 1832.
35. AUDUBON, J. J.:
"Letter from J. J. Audubon to the Editor" (No. 2). Dated
"Bulowville, East Florida, December 31, 1831." _Monthly American
Journal of Geology and Natural Science_, vol. i, pp. 407-414.
Philadelphia, 1832.
36. AUDUBON, J. J.:
"Letter to the Editor" (No. 3). _Monthly American Journal
of Geology and Natural Science_, vol. i (June), pp. 529-537.
Philadelphia, 1832.
37. AUDUBON, J. J.:
"Letter from J. J. Audubon to William MacGillivray." _Edinburgh
Journal of Natural History_, vol. i (for Dec., 1838), p. 171.
Edinburgh, 1835-1839.
Dated, "On board the Crusader, Cote Blanche, 18 April, 1837."
d. Translations
38. BAZIN, EUGÈNE:
_Scènes de la Nature dans les Etats-Unis et le Nord de
l'Amérique._ Ouvrage traduit d'Audubon, avec Preface et Notes du
Traducteur. T. 1-2, pp. 1-460, 1-512. 8vo. Paris, 1857.
Selections from the _Ornithological Biography_, with Introduction;
dedicated to Charles Lucien Bonaparte.
39. (ANON.):
"Drei Ziegenmelker Nordamerika's." _Naumannia: Archiv für die
Ornithologie, vorzugsweise Europas_, herausg. von E. Baldamus, pp.
158-163. Stuttgart und Leipzig, 1858.
e. Autobiography
40. AUDUBON, MARIA R.:
"Audubon's Story of his Youth." _Scribner's Magazine_, vol. xiii,
pp. 267-287, illust. New York, 1893.
First appearance of autobiographical sketch, entitled, "Myself, J. J.
Audubon." Reproduced also in _Audubon and his Journals_ (see No. 86),
vol. i.
f. Journals
41. DEANE, RUTHVEN:
"Extracts from an Unpublished Journal of John James Audubon." _The
Auk_, vol. xxi, pp. 334-338. Cambridge, 1904.
Including entries for fourteen days, extending from October 12, 1820,
to November 25, 1821.
42. (ANON.):
"A Story of Meadville from John J. Audubon, F. R. S., August 28,
1824." Pamphlet (in blue paper cover), pp. 1-4. Dated April 9th,
1846.
An early version, taken from the original journal, and probably given
by Audubon himself to some of his friends, possibly Spencer F. Baird,
who visited him in both early and late April of this year. For passages
not since reproduced, see Vol. I, p. 341. Citation from copy in the
Public Library, New York City.
For fuller journal records, see _Audubon and his Journals_ (No. 86),
including "European Journals," (1826-1827), vol. i, pp. 79-242; the
"Labrador Journal," 1833, vol. i, pp. 343-446; and the "Missouri River
Journals," 1843, vol. i, pp. 447-532, and vol. ii, pp. 1-196.
g. Familiar Letters
43. COUES, ELLIOTT:
"Behind the Veil." _Bulletin Nuttall Ornithological Club_, vol. v,
pp. 193-204. Cambridge, 1880.
Gives interesting letters by Audubon and MacGillivray, which are
reproduced in the present work.
44. GORDON, MRS.:
_"Christopher North": A Memoir of John Wilson._ New York, 1894.
For letter of J. J. Audubon to J. Wilson, no date [Jany. 1, 1836], see
pp. 363-364.
45. SHUFELDT, R. W., and AUDUBON, M. R.:
"The Last Portrait of Audubon, together with a Letter to his Son."
_The Auk_, vol. xi, pp. 309-313. New York, 1894.
46. RHOADS, S. N.:
"Auduboniana," _The Auk_, vol. xx, pp. 377-383. Cambridge, 1903.
Gives three letters to Edward Harris, partly reproduced in the present
work.
47. DEANE, RUTHVEN:
"Unpublished Letters of John James Audubon and Spencer F. Baird,"
_The Auk_, vol. xxi, pp. 255-259. Cambridge, 1904.
First installment.
48. DEANE, RUTHVEN:
(a) "A Hitherto Unpublished Letter of John James Audubon," _The
Auk_, vol. xxii, pp. 170-171. Cambridge, 1905.
(b) See also "An Unpublished Letter of John James Audubon to his
Family," _The Auk_, vol. xxv, pp. 166-169. Cambridge, 1908.
49. DEANE, RUTHVEN:
"Unpublished Letters of John James Audubon and Spencer F. Baird,"
I, _The Auk_, vol. xxiii, pp. 194-209. Cambridge, 1906.
Second installment.
50. DEANE, RUTHVEN:
"Unpublished Letters of John James Audubon and Spencer F. Baird,"
II, _The Auk_, vol. xxiii, pp. 318-334. Cambridge, 1906.
Third installment.
51. DEANE, RUTHVEN:
"Unpublished Letters of John James Audubon and Spencer F. Baird,"
III, _The Auk_, vol. xxiv, pp. 53-70. Cambridge, 1907.
Fourth installment.
52. DALL, WILLIAM HEALEY:
_Spencer Fullerton Baird: A Biography._ Pp. i-xvi, 1-462. 8vo. 19
illust. Philadelphia and London, 1915.
Reproduces eighteen letters of Audubon to Baird, dating from June 13,
1840, to February 11, 1847.
53. THAYER, JOHN E.:
"Auduboniana," _The Auk_, vol. xxxiii, pp. 115-118, 4 plates.
Cambridge, 1916.
Reproduces four original water-color drawings, and two letters
addressed to Dr. George Parkman, dated "New York, June 20th," and
"August 13th 1841."
54. GRINNELL, GEORGE BIRD:
"Some Audubon Letters," _The Auk_, vol. xxxiii, pp. 119-130.
Cambridge, 1916.
Gives two letters written to Victor G. Audubon from New York, April 28
and Sept. 9, 1833.
* * * * *
See also _Caledonian Mercury_, November 3, 1831, for letter to Joseph
B. Kidd (No. 163), Brewer (No. 79), Bachman (No. 191), Günther (No.
204), Deane (No. 225), and Alexander Bliss, in _Autograph Leaves of our
Country's Authors_, for facsimile letter of Audubon to Thomas Sully,
dated "Manchester (England), Sept. 16, 1826" (Baltimore, 1864).
h. Biographies
55. CHRISTOPHER NORTH (JOHN WILSON):
"Noctes Ambrosianae," No. XXX, _Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine_,
vol. xxi (Jan.), pp. 112-105 (_sic_). Edinburgh, 1827.
56. (ANON.):
"Biographical Sketch of John James Audubon," with portrait
(drawn and engraved by J. Brown); insert in G. Cuvier and P. A.
Latreille, _The Animal Kingdom_, vol. i, pp. 197*-204*. London,
1830.
57. LANDER, SIR THOMAS DICK, BART., and BROWN, CAPT. THOMAS:
_Biographical Sketch_, with engravings by Joseph B. Kidd. Pp. i-x,
1-184, 16mo. Edinburgh, 1833.
Mainly extracted from vol. i of the _Ornithological Biography_; refers
to the false rumor of Audubon's death in October, 1831, and to his
plan of forming a Gallery of Paintings in Natural History, started in
association with Kidd.
58. (ANON.):
"Biographical Sketch of J. J. Audubon." _Miscellany of Natural
History_, vol. i. 1833.
Not seen.
59. DUNLAP, WILLIAM:
_History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the
United States._ 2 vols. New York, 1834. For John James Audubon,
see vol. ii, pp. 402-408.
60. (ANON.) GODWIN, PARKE:
"John James Audubon." _United States Magazine and Democratic
Review_, N. S., vol. x, pp. 436-450. New York, 1842.
See also _Out of the Past; Critical and Literary Papers_, pp. 89-110
(New York, 1870), and _Homes of American Authors_; for the last, see
No. 68.
61. GRISWOLD, RUFUS W.:
_The Prose Writers of America_, article "Audubon." Philadelphia,
1847.
62. LESTER, C. EDWARDS (editor):
_The Gallery of Illustrious Americans_, containing the Portraits
and Biographical Sketches of Twenty-four of the most eminent
Citizens of the American Republic since the death of Washington.
Plates from daguerreotypes by Brady; engraved by D'Avignon.
Published from 205 Broadway, New York, by G. P. Putnam, D.
Appleton & Company, and C. S. Francis & Company. New York, 1850.
Issued in 24 Parts. For John James Audubon, see Part No. 7; reproduced
in Spooner's _Biographical History of the Fine Arts_, vol. i, pp. 53-55
(New York, 1867). See also No. 196.
63. PHILARÈTE-CHASLES:
_Etudes sur la Littérature et les Moeurs des Anglo-Américains au
xixe siècle._ Pp. i-viii, 1-516. Paris, 1851. See "Audubon. Le
Voyageur et le Naturaliste," pp. 68-106.
An excellent review by an experienced French critic and author, who
appears to have met Audubon and to have attended one of his exhibitions
in Edinburgh.
64. (ANON.) THORPE, COL. THOMAS B.:
"Incidents in the Life of Audubon," _Godey's Lady's Book_, vol.
xlii, pp. 306-309, with portrait. Philadelphia, 1851.
65. GRISWOLD, RUFUS W.:
"John James Audubon," _International Monthly Magazine_, vol. ii,
pp. 469-474. New York, 1850-1851.
66. CAP, P. A.:
"Jean Jacques Audubon," _L'Illustration_, vol. xviii, pp. 70-71,
illust. Paris, 1851.
67. (ANON.):
"Audubon, the Naturalist," _Gleason's Pictorial_, vol. iii, p.
196, with portrait of Audubon as a young man. Boston, Sept. 25,
1852.
Audubon is said to have been born in New Orleans, May 4, 1780, and "in
1810 he embarked in a skiff with his wife and young child for his only
companions, and with his gun and pencil for baggage, and commenced an
adventurous and wandering life—the life of a hunter and naturalist,
which he did not abandon until 1834."
68. GODWIN, PARKE:
"John James Audubon," in _The Homes of American Authors_. New
York, 1853.
See also "The Home of Audubon," _The Leisure Hour_, vol. 2, pp. 300-303
(London, 1853), and _Little Journeys to the Homes of American Authors_,
New York and London, 1896.
69. SMILES, SAMUEL:
_Brief Biographies._ Boston, 1861. See "Audubon the
Ornithologist," pp. 171-197.
70. ST. JOHN, MRS. HORACE:
_Life of Audubon, the Naturalist in the New World. His Adventures
and Discoveries._ Pp. i-xiv, 1-172. London, 1856.
71. ST. JOHN, MRS. HORACE:
_Life of Audubon, the Naturalist of the New World. His Adventures
and Discoveries._ Revised and corrected, with additions, and
illustrated with engravings by J. W. Orr from original designs.
Pp. 1-24, 1-312. Boston, 1856.
First American edition, followed by others in 1861, 1864, 1870, 1876
and later; citation from edition of 1864.
72. BUCHANAN, ROBERT (editor):
_The Life and Adventures of John James Audubon, the Naturalist._
Edited from materials supplied by his widow. 8vo. Pp. i-viii,
1-366. Portrait and vignette on title. London, 1868.
This was followed by a second and third English edition in 1869, the
latter without frontispiece, but with vignette stamped on cover. The
editor assumed no responsibility for the fidelity of his record, which
was based on a manuscript by the Rev. Charles Coffin Adams, of New
York. Reproduced in "Everyman's Library," with an Introduction by John
Burroughs (originally appearing as a review of Buchanan's work in 1869;
see No. 153). 12mo. Pp. i-xx, 1-336. London and New York (no date).
73. AUDUBON, LUCY (editor):
_The Life of John James Audubon, the Naturalist._ Edited by his
Widow. With an Introduction by James Grant Wilson. 8vo. Pp. i-x,
1-444. Portrait, and vignette on title. New York, 1869.
Reprinted at various times; citation from a copy bearing date of 1906.
This work is a reproduction, with but slight changes, of Buchanan's
rendering of the original Adams manuscript.
74. DUYCKINCK, EVERT AUGUSTUS:
"John James Audubon," in the _National Portrait Gallery of Eminent
Americans_, illustrated from paintings by Alonzo Chappel. 2 vols.,
4to. New York, 1862.
For Audubon, see vol. i, pp. 47-54.
75. PARTON, JAMES:
_Peoples' Book of Biography, or Short Lives of the most
interesting Persons of all Ages and Countries._ Hartford, 1869.
For Audubon, see pp. 163-167.
A second edition appeared under the title _Illustrious Men and their
Achievements_, &c. (New York, 1881).
76. (ANON.):
"Audubon," _Chambers' Journal_, vol. 46, pp. 85-89. London and
Edinburgh, 1869.
A compilation from Buchanan's _Life_.
77. (ANON.):
"The Life of John James Audubon, the Naturalist," _Harper's New
Monthly Magazine_, vol. xxxix, pp. 613-614. New York, 1869.
78. AUDUBON, MARIA R.:
"Reminiscences of Audubon by a Granddaughter," _Scribner's Monthly
Magazine_, vol. xiii, pp. 333-336. New York, 1876.
79. BREWER, THOMAS M.:
"Reminiscences of John James Audubon," _Harper's New Monthly
Magazine_, vol. lxi, pp. 666-675. New York, 1880.
Reproduces a number of interesting letters.
80. (ANON.) LARRABEE, W. H.:
"Sketch of J. J. Audubon," _Popular Science Monthly_, vol. xxxi,
pp. 687-697, with portrait. New York, 1887.
See also reprint in _Pioneers of Science in America. Sketches of their
lives and Scientific Work._ From the _Popular Science Monthly_, with
additions. "John James Audubon, 1780-1851," pp. 152-156. New York,
1896.
81. PENTZ, JACOB:
"The Audubons." _Shooting and Fishing_, May 11, 1893, illust. New
York.
Interesting reminiscences and portraits of John Woodhouse Audubon and
his family, with whom the author lived for a number of years.
82. ELLIOT, DANIEL GIRAUD:
"The Life and Services of John James Audubon," _Transactions of
the New York Academy of Sciences_, vol. xiii, pp. 43-57. New York,
1893.
An address delivered before the New York Academy of Sciences, April 26,
1893.
83. GODWIN, PARKE:
"John James Audubon," in _Commemorative Addresses_, pp. 149-192.
An interesting sketch by one who had known Audubon as early as 1842,
but replete with errors in dates and questions of fact; condensed from
earlier papers. See Nos. 60 and 68.
84. MITCHELL, DONALD G.:
_American Lands and Letters._ 2 vols. London, 1897, 1899. For
Audubon, see vol. i, pp. 204-213.
85. BRADFORD, MARY FLUKER:
_Audubon._ Pp. 1-72, illust. New Orleans, 1897.
Originally read before the Quarante Club, and privately printed in the
interests of a fund for the erection of a monument to Audubon in New
Orleans, a project which has since been realized (see Vol. I, p. 13).
86. AUDUBON, MARIA R.:
_Audubon and His Journals_, with zoölogical and other notes by
Elliott Coues. With 37 Illustrations, including 10 Portraits
of Audubon, and 3 hitherto unpublished Bird Drawings. 2 vols.,
8vo. Vol. i, pp. i-xiv, 1-532; vol. ii, pp. i-viii, 1-554. With
reproduction of diplomas, etc. New York, 1898.
The first volume of this excellent work is devoted to a biography of
the naturalist, pp. 1-78, and to his Journals (see No. 42); the second
continues the Journals, and reproduces most of the "Episodes" from the
_Ornithological Biography_.
87. BURROUGHS, JOHN:
_John James Audubon._ Pp. i-xviii, 1-144. With portrait. 16mo. and
(large paper) 8vo. Boston. 1902.
Citation from second edition of 1904.
88. MERRIAM, C. HART:
"John James Audubon," _Popular Science Monthly_, vol. lxx, pp.
301-303, with portrait. New York, 1907.
Delivered on the occasion of the unveiling of marble busts of ten
eminent scientific men at the American Museum of Natural History,
December 29, 1906.
89. MERRIAM C. HART:
"John James Audubon," _Bird Lore_, vol. 9, pp. 3-5. New York,
1907.
89a. STONE, WITMER:
"John James Audubon," in _Leading American Men of Science_, ed. by
David Starr Jordan, pp. 71-87. New York, 1910.
90. BAKEWELL, REV. GORDON:
"Reminiscences of John James Audubon." _Publications of the
Louisiana Historical Society_, vol. v, pp. 31-41. New Orleans,
1911.
An address delivered before the Louisiana Historical Society, November
16, 1910. Affirms, on the testimony of Bernard de Marigny, that Audubon
was a Louisianian by birth. See Vol. I, p. 69 of the present work.
i. Reviews and Criticism
91. (ANON.) BREWSTER, DAVID:
"Mr. Audubon's Ornithology of the United States of America,"
_Edinburgh Journal of Science_, vol. vi, p. 184. Edinburgh,
1826-1827.
This highly commendatory paper by David Brewster, and that by Robert
Jameson, which follows, gives the first formal announcement of
Audubon's work in the scientific journals of the day.
92. (ANON.) JAMESON, ROBERT:
"Mr. Audubon's great work on Birds of the United States of
America," _Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, vol. 2, pp.
210-211. Edinburgh, 1826-1827.
The editor stated that Audubon had spent twenty-two years in the
study of American birds, and that the engravings, of which several
had already appeared, would be accompanied by a quarto volume of
letterpress, containing all his observations on the natural history of
the species, in the form of letters, an example of which was given in
the paper on the Turkey Buzzard in the present number of that _Journal_
(see No. 17).
93. (ANON.) JONES, THOMAS P.:
"The Romance of the Rattlesnake," _Franklin Journal and
American Mechanics' Magazine_, vol. ii (August), N. S., p. 144.
Philadelphia, 1828.
This notorious attack upon Audubon's veracity was followed by Waterton
(see No. 115), and referred to by Victor Audubon (see No. 118), in his
reply. Audubon's original article (see No. 21) was published by this
editor, who knew so little of its author that not even his name was
given correctly.
93a. CUVIER, GEORGES:
"Rapport verbal fait à L'Académie Royale des Sciences, sur
L'Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux de L'Amérique Septemtrionale, de
M. Audubon," _Le Moniteur_, 1re. octobre. Paris, 1828.
For extracts from Cuvier's report, see Chapter XXIII, p. 413.
94. (ANON.):
"Ueber die Abbildungen von Vögeln," in Froriep, _Notizen_, Bd.
xxi, col. 49-54. Berlin, 1828.
95. W [ILLIAM]. S[WAINSON].:
"Some Account of the Work now publishing by Mr. Audubon,"
_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. i, pp. 43-52 (May).
London, 1828-1829.
Dated at "Tittenhanger Green. April 11, 1828." A highly laudatory
article on Audubon's plates, quoted in his "Prospectus" of _The Birds
of America_.
96. (ANON.):
"Report of a committee appointed by the Lyceum of Natural History
of New York to examine the splendid work of Mr. Audubon upon the
Birds of North America; May, 1829," _American Journal of Science
and Arts_, vol. xvi, pp. 353-354. New Haven, 1829.
Applauds _The Birds of America_, and recommends that the Lyceum become
a subscriber.
97. "ORNITHOPHILUS":
"Remarks on Audubon's Birds of America, and Ornithological
Biography," _Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, vol. 10, pp.
317-332. Edinburgh, 1830-1831.
A highly favorable and elaborate review, mistakenly attributed to
Swainson. Reprinted in the _National Gazette and Literary Register_,
vol. xii (June 10), Philadelphia, 1831. In an editorial note it is
said that the _Ornithological Biography_ is about to be reprinted in
Philadelphia by James Kay, Jr., & Company.
98. CHRISTOPHER NORTH (JOHN WILSON):
"Audubon's Ornithological Biography Introduction," _Blackwood's
Edinburgh Magazine_, vol. xxx, pp. 1-16 (July). Edinburgh, 1831.
The second of Wilson's articles in praise of Audubon; reprinted with
his later reviews of the same work in _Critical and Miscellaneous
Essays_, vol. v, pp. 91-149.
99. CHRISTOPHER NORTH (JOHN WILSON):
"Audubon's Ornithological Biography. Second Survey. Wilson's
American Ornithology," _Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine_, vol. xxx,
pp. 247-280. Edinburgh, 1831.
100. (ANON.):
"Ornithological Biography ... By John James Audubon. &c. &c.
Edinburgh, 1831," _Edinburgh Literary Journal or Weekly Register
of Criticism and Belles Lettres_, April 16, 1831, pp. 248-249.
101. (ANON.) FEATHERSTONHAUGH, G. W.:
"Ornithological Biography." By John James Audubon, F. R. S.
Published by Judah Dobson and H. H. Porter, Literary Rooms,
Philadelphia," _Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural
Science_, vol. i, September, pp. 136-139. Philadelphia, 1831.
102. (ANON.):
"Ornithological Biography," _American Quarterly Review_, vol. x,
pp. 245-258. Philadelphia, 1831.
103. (ANON.):
"The Birds of America ... By John James Audubon, F. R. S. ... vol.
i, folio. London, 1831. Ornithological Biography ... 1 vol. 8vo.
Edinburgh, 1831," _Quarterly Review_, vol. xlvii, pp. 332-366.
London, 1832.
In the same article are reviewed Jameson's edition of Wilson's
_American Ornithology_, and Part II of Swainson's and Richardson's
_Fauna Boreali-Americana_.
104. WATERTON, CHARLES:
"On the Faculty of Scent of the Vulture," _Loudon's Magazine of
Natural History_, vol. v (April), pp. 233-241. London, 1832.
Signed "Walton Hall, Dec. 21, 1831"; the first of nineteen critical and
polemical articles extending over a period of five years, and directed
against Audubon and his friends.
105. (ANON.) PEABODY, W. B. O.:
"Audubon's Biography of Birds. Ornithological Biography of Birds
... Philadelphia, 1831," _North American Review_, vol. xxxiv, pp.
364-405 (April). Boston, 1832.
The first of three able articles by the same anonymous writer which
appeared in this _Review_. See Nos. 130 and 143.
106. (ANON.) FEATHERSTONHAUGH, G. W.:
"Audubon, Author of The Birds of America, and Ornithological
Biography," _Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural
Science_, vol. i, pp. 456-468 (April). Philadelphia, 1832.
A laudatory review, in which the author professes to give "a true
history of a conspiracy, got up to utterly break down and ruin the
reputation of one of the most remarkable men America ever produced."
107. ABERT, JOHN:
"Habits of Climbing of the Rattle-snake. Extract of a letter from
Col. Abert, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, to Dr. Harlan
of Philadelphia," _Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural
Science_, vol. i, pp. 221-223. Philadelphia, 1832.
Dated "Washington, Oct. 21, 1831." Supports Audubon's account of the
climbing habits of the rattlesnake, which had become the subject of
acrimonious dispute.
108. (ANON.):
"Audubon," _The Athenæum_, vol. for 1833, pp. 817-818. London,
1833.
In number for November 23. An account, partly from private sources and
partly from a New York newspaper, of Audubon's present researches and
plans, with detailed comment on his Florida and Labrador expeditions.
109. HUNTER, PERCEVAL:
"Means by which the Vulture (Vultur Aura, L.) traces its Food,"
_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. vi, pp. 83-88.
London, 1833.
Dated "Oxford, Jul. 2, 1832." Defends Audubon's account of lack of
sense of smell in the Vulture, published in 1826 (see No. 17).
110. WATERTON, CHARLES:
"The Means by which the Turkey Buzzard traces its Food," _Loudon's
Magazine of Natural History_, vol. vi, pp. 162-163. London, 1833.
Signed "Walton Hall, Jany. 1, 1833." A caustic reply to the last.
Reprinted in _Essays in Natural History, chiefly Ornithology_, First
Series. London, 1838.
111. WATERTON, CHARLES:
"Remarks on Mr. Audubon's Account of the 'Habits of the Turkey
Buzzard (Vultur Aura), particularly with the View of exploding
the Opinion generally entertained of its extraordinary Powers of
Smelling,'" _Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. vi, pp.
163-171. London, 1833.
A characteristically flippant article, ending thus: "But here I will
stop: I have been too long on carrion,—'_neque enim toluare vaporem
ulterius potui_' (Ovid Met., ii, 301)."
112. WATERTON, CHARLES:
"The Gland on the Rump of Birds," _Loudon's Magazine of Natural
History_, vol. vi, pp. 274-277. London, 1833.
Denial that birds ever oil their feathers in preening, as Audubon had
maintained for the eagle. Reprinted, with many controversial articles,
which follow, in _Essays on Natural History_, First Series, referred to
above.
113. AUDUBON, V. G.:
"[Mr. Audubon, Jr.] in Reply to Mr. Waterton's Remarks on
Audubon's Biography of Birds," _Loudon's Magazine of Natural
History_, vol. vi, p. 369. London, 1833.
Signed "121 Great Portland St., Jn. 7, 1833." Victor Audubon's defense
of his father, who was then in America.
114. R[OBERT] B[AKEWELL]:
"Observations on Mr. Waterton's Attacks on Mr. Audubon," _Loudon's
Magazine of Natural History_, vol. vi, pp. 369-372. London, 1833.
Signed "Hampstead, Jn. 10, 1833."
115. WATERTON, CHARLES:
[Mr. Waterton in reply to Mr. Audubon, Jun.], _Loudon's Magazine
of Natural History_, vol. vi, pp. 464-465. London, 1833.
Signed "Walton Hall, July 6, 1833"; Refers to Dr. Jones' "Romance of
the Rattlesnake" (see No. 93), and quotes a letter by George Ord, in
explaining why Swainson did not write the "Biography of Birds."
116. WATERTON, CHARLES:
"Mr. Audubon again," _Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol.
vi, pp. 465-468. London, 1833.
A reply to Robert Bakewell, in which the author says that his only
object in attacking Audubon was to defend his own account of the
vulture.
117. SWAINSON, WILLIAM:
"Mr. Audubon, and his Work, the 'Biography of Birds': Mr. Swainson
in reply to Mr. Waterton," _Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_,
vol. vi, p. 550. London, 1833.
Dated Sept. 17, 1832.
118. AUDUBON, V. G.:
"Mr. Audubon, and his Work, the 'Biography of Birds': Mr. Audubon,
jun., in Reply to Mr. Waterton," _Loudon's Magazine of Natural
History_, vol. vi, pp. 550-553. London, 1833.
Signed "121 Great Portland, Sept. 19, 1833." Quotes articles by Jones,
Featherstonhaugh and Abert; see Nos. 93, 101, 106 and 107.
119. WATERTON, CHARLES:
"Retrospective Criticism," embracing the following minor
articles: "Mr. Audubon, and his Work, the Biography of Birds"
(signed "Walton Hall, Nov. 7, 1833); "Mr. Audubon, jun."; "Aerial
Encounter of the Eagle and the Vulture" (see the "Biography of
Birds," vol. i, p. 163) (signed "Walton Hall, Nov. 7, 1833");
"Audubon's Humming-bird" (see the "Biography of Birds," vol. i, p.
248) ("Walton Hall, Nov. 19, 1833"); "The Virginian Partridge,"
_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. vii, pp. 66-74.
London, 1834.
The three last reprinted in _Essays on Natural History_, First Series,
referred to above.
120. WATERTON, CHARLES:
"Retrospective Criticism," embracing the following minor articles:
"The Vulture's Nose" ("Walton Hall, March 6, 1834"); "Audubon's
Claim to the Authorship of the Biography of Birds"; "Audubon and
his Ornithology"; "The Passenger Pigeon" ("Walton Hall, Jany.
19, 1834"). _Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. vii, pp.
276-283. London, 1834.
The first and last articles reprinted in _Essays on Natural History_,
First Series, referred to above.
121. (ANON.):
"The Birds of America. No. XXXVII. By J. J. Audubon, Esq. Coloured
Plates. Elephant folio. London, Havell," _Athenæum_, vol. for
1834, p. 350 (May 10). London, 1834.
At the same time was also reviewed Part ii of _A Manual of the
Ornithology of the United States_, by Thomas Nuttall.
122. (ANON.):
"The Birds of America. By J. J. Audubon, F.R.S., F.L.S. Parts
XLI, XLII, XLIII. London, Havell," _Athenæum_, vol. for 1834, pp.
653-654. London, 1834.
Describes the Wood Duck (Plate ccvi) as perfect, and compliments the
engraver, Robert Havell, on "the accuracy with which he has appreciated
and retained the spirit of the originals."
123. (ANON.) HALL, JAMES:
"American Ornithology," _The Western Monthly Magazine_, vol. ii,
pp. 337-350 (July). Cincinnati, 1834.
A comparative review of the ornithological works of Alexander Wilson,
Thomas Nuttall, and John James Audubon, very laudatory of the first two
but condemnatory of the last, by Judge Hall, whose brother, Harrison
Hall, was an interested publisher of Wilson's work. "How shall we
venture to dissent from the almost unanimous expression of public
sentiment, which has set him [Audubon] up as a sort of 'greatest
and best,' against whom to speak in dispraise, would be a species of
treason. Yet it must be done, and it is our vocation to do it: the
critic must not be silent when the interests of science require, and
the honor of his country demands, that he should proclaim the truth....
The exaggerations contained in these sketches ["Episodes"] are such as
to weaken our confidence in the entire work."
124. BACHMAN, JOHN:
"Retrospective Criticism. Remarks in defence of the Author of the
Birds of America," _Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol.
vii, pp. 164-175. London, 1834.
A reply to Waterton, and an appeal for as much justice for Audubon
as was shown to Wilson, his predecessor. Dated "Charleston, Dec. 31,
1833."
125. BACHMAN, JOHN:
"An account of some experiments made on the habits of the Vultures
inhabiting Carolina,—the Turkey Buzzard and the Carrion Crow,
particularly as it regards the extraordinary powers of smelling
usually attributed to them," _Journal of the Boston Society of
Natural History_, vol. i, pp. 15-31. Boston, 1834.
Bachman did not deny the power of smell to the vultures, but maintained
that they were guided to their prey by sight alone.
126. (ANON.):
"Audubon's Birds of America and Ornithological Biography,"
_Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, January, 1835.
"All is life, health, and beauty. Never before were birds so
represented, and if ever again they will be, still Audubon will
be the chief of a school, of whom it will be said that it studied
nature. Turn now to any volume of plates that you can find, and
what presents itself? not a bird surely, but an effigy stuffed
with straw, and more worthy of being burnt, than that of a Tory
statesman by a radical mob."
127. BACHMAN, JOHN:
"Defence of Audubon," _Bucks County Intelligencer_, 1835.
Not seen.
128. (ANON.):
"Ornithological Biography ... Volume ii, published at 25s.,"
_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. viii, pp. 184-190.
London, 1835.
129. TAYLOR, RICHARD C.:
"On the Geology and Natural History of the North-Eastern Extremity
of the Alleghany Mountain Range, in Pennsylvania, United States,"
_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. viii, pp. 529-541.
London, 1835.
Confirms Audubon's account of the climbing habits of the rattlesnake.
130. (ANON.) PEABODY, W. B. O.:
"Audubon's Biography of Birds; Ornithological Biography," _North
American Review_, vol. xli, pp. 194-231. Boston, 1835.
131. CHRISTOPHER NORTH (JOHN WILSON):
"Audubon's Ornithological Biography," _Blackwood's Edinburgh
Magazine_, vol. 37, pp. 107-124. Edinburgh, 1835.
132. WATERTON, CHARLES:
"On Snakes, their Fangs, and their Mode of procuring Food,"
_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. viii, pp. 663-668.
London, 1835.
Reprinted in _Essays on Natural History_, First Series, referred to
above.
133. WATERTON, CHARLES, Esquire, of Walton-Hall:
"A Letter to James [Robert] Jameson, Esq." [followed by 21
lines of fine print, giving titles and membership in scientific
societies]. Pp. 1-14. Wakefield, 1835.
Privately printed, and designed mainly to hit Audubon and his snake
stories over Jameson's shoulders. Signed, "Walton-Hall, January 27,
1835." "Should you honor me—— with a reply, I promise you that I will
take an immediate and dispassionate notice of it; and I will address
to you a second, a third, and a fourth letter, and so on. As you have
first attacked me through Audubon, through him I will continue to point
my dart at you.... This mode of carrying on the warfare will answer
well my ends. It will give me an opportunity of again bringing on the
stage certain individuals with whom I have not yet quite squared up
accounts; and, at the same time, I trust it will be to you a kind ...
of hint, a warning—lest you make another false step in your exertions
to sound again in the public ear, O Candour! whither art thou fled?
Certainly not to Walton Hall.... Pray, sir, where were your brains
(whither had _they_ fled? Certainly not to Walton Hall) when you
received, and approved of, a narrative at once so preposterous and so
palpably fictitious?" Reprinted in _Essays on Natural History_, edited
by Norman Moore (London, 1871). Citation from pamphlet in Library of
British Museum.
134. WATERTON, CHARLES, Esquire, of Walton-Hall:
"Second Letter to Robert Jameson, Esq." [with same titles as in
last]. Pp. 1-16. Wakefield, 1835.
Ridicules in particular Audubon's accounts of the Vulture,
the Passenger Pigeon, and a hurricane in North America. Signed
"Walton-Hall. March 2nd, 1835."
135. WATERTON, CHARLES:
"Audubon's Plates of the Birds of America," _Loudon's Magazine of
Natural History_, vol. viii, pp. 236-238. London, 1835.
Accuses Audubon of misrepresentation in his statements of the time
required to produce his drawings.
136. (ANON.):
"Ornithological Biography, or an Account of the Habits of the
Birds of the United States of America ... By J. J. Audubon. vol.
ii &c. First Notice," _Athenæum_, London, January 3, 1835, pp.
5-7.
The same: "Second Notice," _Athenæum_, January 17, pp. 43-45.
The same: "Third Notice," _Athenæum_, January 31, pp. 87-89.
"There is amply sufficient remaining in Audubon's pages, for fully a
dozen more notices, were we disposed to follow the exhausting system."
137. (ANON.):
"Ornithological Biography ... vol. iii, First Notice," _Athenæum_,
pp. 41-42, January 16, 1836. London.
The same: "Second Notice," _Athenæum_, January 23, 1836, pp.
62-63.
138. WATERTON, CHARLES, Esq., Walton-Hall:
"An Ornithological Letter to William Swainson, Esq., F.R.S. &c.
&c." Pp. 1-16. Wakefield (Richard Nichols, Bookseller), 1837.
Signed "Walton-Hall, March 10, 1837," and reprinted in Moore's edition
of _Essays on Natural History_, referred to above. A long and bitter
tirade against both Swainson and Audubon. "You have seen fit to laud
one man exceedingly, for his zoological acquirements, who to my certain
knowledge, paid other people for the letterpress and drawings, which
were to appear in his work." Citation from pamphlet in British Museum
Library.
139. (ANON.):
"Ornithological Biography ... by John James Audubon. vols. i-iii,"
Oken's _Isis_, Bd. xxx, pp. 922-928. Leipzig, 1837.
140. SELLS, W.:
"On the Habits of the Vultur aura, with notes on the dissections
of the two heads of two specimens by R. Owen," _Proceedings of the
Zoological Society of London_, Pt. v, pp. 33-35. London, 1837.
Favors the view that the vulture is guided to food by the sense of
smell.
141. (ANON.):
"Ornithological Biography ... vol. iv...." _Athenæum_, London,
Dec. 1, 1838, pp. 849-852.
142. (ANON.):
"Ornithological Biography ... vol. v...." _Athenæum_, London, vol.
for 1839, p. 77.
143. (ANON.) PEABODY, W. B. O.:
"Audubon's Ornithological Biography," _North American Review_,
vol. i, pp. 381-404 (April). Boston, 1840.
144. (ANON.):
"Audubon's Ornithology. A Synopsis of the Birds of North America.
Edinburgh, 1839. The Birds of America. London and Edinburgh, vol.
1. New York, 1840," _American Journal of Sciences and Arts_, vol.
xxxix, pp. 343-357. New Haven, 1840.
145. ORD, GEORGE:
[Reply to Audubon's charge against Wilson, and countercharge
against Audubon.] _Proceedings of the American Philosophical
Society_, vol. 1, pp. 272-273. Philadelphia, 1840.
Report of meeting held September 18, 1840.
146. (ANON.):
"The Birds of America ... vol. ii, octavo edition ... published by
J. J. Audubon, and J. B. Chevalier," _American Journal of Science
and Arts_, vol. xlii, pp. 130-136. New Haven, 1842.
"Mr. Audubon has now nearly a thousand subscribers to his work; an
instance of liberal support of a work on natural history certainly
without a parallel in the New World, and hardly with one in the Old."
147. (ANON.):
"A Synopsis of the Birds of North America, by J. J. Audubon.
London, 1839," Oken's _Isis_, Bd. xxxvii, pp. 713-718. Leipzig,
1844.
148. WINTERFIELD, CHARLES:
"American Ornithology (The Birds of America and Ornithological
Biography)," _The American Review: A Whig Journal_, vol. i, pp.
262-274. New York, 1845.
149. WINTERFIELD, CHARLES:
"About Birds and Audubon," _The American Review: A Whig Journal_,
vol. i, pp. 371-383. New York, 1845.
Refers to a meeting with Audubon on a canal boat in Pennsylvania, when
the latter was returning from his Missouri River expedition in 1843.
See No. 173.
150. WINTERFIELD, CHARLES:
"A Talk about Birds and Audubon," _The American Review: A Whig
Journal_, vol. ii, pp. 279-287. New York, 1845.
Interesting reference to "the great fire [of July 19, 1845] which so
lately devastated so large a part of this proud city [New York]," in
which the copper plates of Audubon's _Birds_ were thought to have been
destroyed (see Chapter XXXV, p. 267).
151. (ANON.):
"Audubon, the Naturalist," _Athenæum_, London, vol. for 1856, p.
283.
Review of Mrs. Horace St. John's _Life of Audubon_ (see No. 71).
152. (ANON.):
"The Life and Adventures of John James Audubon," _Athenæum_,
London, vol. for 1868, pp. 833-834. Review of Buchanan's _Life_
(see No. 72).
153. (ANON.) BURROUGHS, JOHN:
"The Life of Audubon ... edited by Mrs. J. J. Audubon" [see No.
73], _The Nation_, vol. ix, pp. 13-14. New York, 1869.
Reprinted in Buchanan's _Life of Audubon_, "Everyman's Library" (see
No. 72).
154. (ANON.):
"The Adventures of Audubon," ... _Edinburgh Review_, vol. cxxxii,
pp. 250-275. Edinburgh, 1870.
Review of Buchanan's _Life_.
155. SHUFELDT, R. W.:
"Shedding Horns of Antelope," _Shooting and Fishing_, New York,
March, 1896.
For critical articles by the same author, see also the following: "On
the Terrestrial Attitudes of Loons and Grebes," _The Ibis_, London,
January, 1898; "Audubon's Figure of the Mountain Partridge," _Field
and Stream_, New York, September 1899; "Scaup Duck," _Shooting and
Fishing_, New York, November 26, 1903; and "The Nest of the Orchard
Oriole," _The Wilson Bulletin_, Oberlin, June, 1903.
156. (ANON.):
"A Great Naturalist," _Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine_, vol.
clxiv, pp. 58-69. Edinburgh, 1898.
Review of _Audubon and his Journals_.
157. (ANON.) MERRIAM, C. HART:
"Audubon," _The Nation_, vol. LXVI, pp. 151-152. New York, 1898.
See also _Science_, N. S., vol. VII, pp. 289-296, with plate. New
York, 1898.
Reviews of _Audubon and his Journals_.
158. M[IALL], L. C.:
"Audubon," _Nature_, vol. lvii, pp. 286-287. London, 1896-1898.
A dour review, in which the writer remarks that Audubon's _Birds of
America_ "has great artistic merit but less scientific value than a
good series of photographs from life."
159. HUTT, W. N.:
"Audubon the Original Nature Fakir," _Scientific American_, vol.
xcviii, p. 59. New York, 1908.
A feeble echo of the slanderous charges brought against Audubon by
Thomas P. Jones in 1828 (see No. 93).
160. COLLES, GEORGE W.:
"A Defense of Audubon," _Scientific American_, vol. xcviii, p.
311. New York, 1908.
An excellent rejoinder to the egregious article quoted above.
161. BURNS, FRANK L.:
"Alexander Wilson," Pts. I-VIII, _The Wilson Bulletin_, vols.
xx-xxii. Oberlin, 1908-1910.
See particularly, I. "The Audubon Controversy," vol. xx, pp. 3-18, and
II. "The Mystery of the Small-headed Flycatcher," vol. xx, pp. 63-79.
j. Auduboniana and Miscellanea
162. (ANON.):
"Wilson the Ornithologist," _The Literary Gazette, and Journal of
Belles Lettres, Arts and Sciences_, London, Saturday, September 3,
1831, p. 574.
A grotesque notice, based on a rumor, said to have originated in
a Philadelphia newspaper, of the death of Audubon in America, but
confounding his identity with that of Alexander Wilson, whose death had
actually occurred at Philadelphia eighteen years before. In the issue
of October 15, the editor acknowledged his error in resurrecting and
then killing Wilson, but explained that the obituary was intended for
Audubon.
163. BROWN, CAPT. THOMAS:
"Mr. Audubon," _Caledonian Mercury_, Edinburgh, Thursday, November
3, 1831.
Quotes a letter written by Audubon, to Joseph B. Kidd and dated "New
York, Sept. 7, 1831," four days after his death had been announced in
England. In its issue of September 8, this paper had already corrected
the London editor's error respecting Wilson.
164. (ANON.) FEATHERSTONHAUGH, G. W.:
"Audubon's Expedition to California and the Rocky Mountains,"
_Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural Science_, vol. i,
p. 229. (November.) Philadelphia, 1831.
165. (ANON.):
"Mr. Audubon," _New York Mirror_, vol. 10, p. 325. New York, April
20, 1833.
166. (ANON.):
"Audubon and his Labrador Expedition." Editorial in the _National
Gazette and Literary Register_, Philadelphia, vol. xiii, No. 3808,
September 10, 1833.
"We wish him a degree of success and prolongation of vigor equal to his
great merits; indeed, for the past at least, success is fully assured."
167. (ANON.):
"Mr. Audubon," _National Gazette and Literary Register_,
Philadelphia (extracted from the _Boston Patriot_), vol. xiii, No.
3919, September 10, 1833.
Welcomes Audubon on his return to Boston, and gives detailed account of
his successful Labrador expedition.
168. MACGILLIVRAY, WILLIAM:
_A History of British Birds, indigenous and migratory_, 5 vols.,
8vo. Illust. London, 1837-1852.
See _Practical Ornithology_, 6th. Lesson: "Ornithologus [Audubon], and
Physiophilus [MacGillivray]," pp. 462-474 (1839).
169. SWAINSON, WILLIAM:
_Taxidermy, Bibliography, and Biography. The Cabinet Cyclopædia_,
conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner. 12mo. London, 1840. For
"J. J. Audubon, Animal Painter," see pp. 116-117.
170. FREILIGRATH, F.:
"Epistel an Audubon nebst einer Antwort aus Amerika." Pp. 1-16,
18mo. Philadelphia, 1844.
This rare little pamphlet bears on its cover a woodcut of an Indian
brandishing a gun and knife: the poem begins:
"Mann der Wälder, der Savannen!
Neben rother Indier Speer,
An des Mississippi Tannen
Lehntest du dein Jagdgewehr!"
and the response:
"Audubon, den Vogelfänger
Sangst du an, mit Herzeleid;
Freiligrath, o grosser Sänger!
Deine Lieder fliegen weit."
See also J. Bayard Taylor, "Audubon. From the German of Ferdinand
Freiligrath," _Graham's American Monthly Magazine_, vol. xxvi, p. 264.
This poem consists of twenty stanzas, the first four and best of which
are:
Man of forests and savannas!
On the Mississippi's tide,
Leanest thou thy hunting-rifle
Oft the Indian spear beside;
With the forest's tawny chieftains
Thou the friendly pipe dost light—
Seest the wandering pigeon's journey
And the eagle's silent flight.
With thy shot thou lam'st his pinion;
And the trackless region through,
On the mighty river's mirror
Pliest thou thy swift canoe.
O'er the green and grassy prairie
Boldly flies thy fiery steed;
Deer and forest-fruits the manna
God has given thee in thy need!
Ferdinand Freiligrath (1810-1876), well known German lyric poet and
apostle of democracy, was more than once forced to flee his native land
on account of his political sentiments; he went to England seven years
after Audubon had finally settled in America, and that country became
his refuge for over twenty years; his translations from the English
included Longfellow's poem of "Hiawatha."
171. (ANON.):
"Mort de Jean Jacques Audubon, célèbre naturaliste américain,"
illust., _L'Illustration_, Paris, vol. xvii, No. 416, February 28,
1851, p. 128.
172. (ANON.):
"John James Audubon," _Harper's New Monthly Magazine_, vol. ii,
pp. 561-563 (March). New York, 1851.
173. WEBBER, CHARLES WILKINS:
_Romance of Natural History; or Wild Scenes and Wild Hunters._
8vo.; pp. 1-8, 17-610. Philadelphia, 1852.
An abridgment of the author's _Wild Scenes and Wild Hunters_, 1851, and
also issued under the title _The hunter naturalist_; also published
as _The Romance of forest and prairie life; narrative of perilous
adventures & wild hunting scenes_ (H. Vizetelly. London, 1853). Gives
an anecdote of meeting Audubon on a canal boat in Pennsylvania, when
he was returning from the Upper Missouri in 1843 (see No. 149) and is
quoted here for no other reason.
174. AUDUBON, JOHN WOODHOUSE:
_Illustrated notes of an expedition through Mexico and
California._ Pp. 1-48, 4 plates, plain or colored. J. W. Audubon.
New York, 1852. Reprinted as Extra Number 41 of _The Magazine
of History, with Notes and Queries_. Pp. 1-83, 4 colored plates
(including frontispiece). W. Abbatt. Tarrytown, 1915.
It was planned to issue this work monthly in ten numbers, if it
should receive sufficient public support. The drawings are exquisitely
reproduced, and as works of art are deserving of the highest praise.
See No. 219.
175. A[NNA]. A[TKINS].:
_Memoir of J. G. Children, Esq._, including some unpublished
poetry of his father and himself. Printed for private
distribution. Pp. 1-314. Westminster, 1853.
Refers to Audubon's relations with Children, and to his naming of
"Sylvia childreni," which later proved to be an error.
176. NOLTE, VINCENT:
_Fifty Years in both Hemispheres: or Reminiscences of a Merchant's
Life._ London, 1854.
English edition of a work originally published at Hamburg in the same
year. See particularly his version of the meeting with Audubon in 1810,
and of their descent of the Ohio in Nolte's flatboat to Louisville in
the winter of that year.
177. WALLACE, W. ROSS:
"Audubon's Hymn in the American Forests," _Harper's New Monthly
Magazine_, vol. xix, p. 619 (October). New York, 1859.
178. STODDARD, CHARLES A[UGUSTUS].:
"A Noble Woman's Life: A Memorial Sermon to the late Madame
Audubon." Printed by request. Pp. 1-24, 18mo. Anson D. F. Randolph
& Co., 770 Broadway, cor. 9th St., New York, 1874.
179. F.:
"Audubon's Birds of America," _Magazine of American History_, vol.
1, pp. 252-253. New York and Chicago, 1877.
Reproduction of a note by J. Prescott Hall concerning Audubon's
subscribers.
180. LOCKWOOD, SAMUEL:
"Audubon's Lily Rediscovered," _Popular Science Monthly_, vol. x
(April), pp. 675-678. New York, 1877.
Records the rediscovery of Audubon's long lost and discredited yellow
water lily, _Nymphæa flava_, by Mrs. Mary Treat, in Florida, in the
summer of 1876. Originally figured by Audubon, with the Common American
swan, on Plate ccccxi, of _The Birds of America_, in 1838.
181. COUES, ELLIOTT:
_Birds of the Colorado Valley_, Bibliographical Appendix: "List of
Faunal Publications relating to North American Ornithology," pp.
567-746. 8vo. Washington, 1878.
Gives full citations of the various editions of Audubon's works. "It
takes an inspired idiot to be a good bibliographer" (Coues).