C. lanceolata
-- tinctoria.
-- verticillata.
-- tenuifolia.
Pl. 35.
[Illustration: _Plate 36._ _Georgina Coccinea._
_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
GEORGINA coccinea.
_Scarlet flowered Georgina._
_Class and Order._--SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
Syn. Georgina Coccinea _Wildenow Enum. Plant._ _Vol._ 2. _p._ 338.
Dahlia Coccinea. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 762.
Root tuberous--stem upright, branched, growing from three to five
feet high. Leaves pinnate, lower leaves sometimes bi-pinnate,
leaflets serrate--flowers terminal, on long purple peduncles--calyx
double, exterior segments somewhat reflexed, obtuse--corolla bright
scarlet--radiated florets ovate, obtuse, furnished with a style
only--florets of the disk, containing both stamens and pistils.
This distinct species, which is perhaps one of the most beautiful of
the genus is readily distinguished by its small flower and foliage--it
is a native of Mexico, and previous to its introduction to this
country, by Mr. Fraser, in 1803, was cultivated in France,--endless
varieties of this genus are constantly raised from seed, and by other
means, and there is no flower to which we are so much indebted for
ornamenting our gardens in the Autumn--the cultivation of this plant
is so easy, and now so well known that little requires to be said on
this point. Particular care, however, must be taken to keep the roots
from frost; a poor soil will cause a smaller growth, and produce more
flowers. The name Georgina was given to this genus by Wildenow, in
honor of G. Georgi, a Russian Botanist, and as it is considered by the
Continental and many English Botanists, to be the most correct, it has
been here adopted, instead of Dahlia, a name very similar to that of
another genus (Dalea) called after Dale the friend of Ray;[1] some of
the most beautiful double Georginas are varieties of the Sambucifolia.
G. frustranea.
-- superflua.
-- alba.
-- flava.
-- purpurea.
-- atro purpurea.
-- rubra.
-- atro-rubra.
-- fulgens.
-- crocea.
[1] See Bot. Mag. page 762, and Sweets British Flower Garden, page 282.
Pl. 36.
[Illustration: _Plate 37._ _Rudbeckia hirta._
_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
RUDBECKIA hirta.
_Hairy Rudbeckia._
_Class and Order._--SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA.
Syn. Rudbeckia hirta. _Pursh. Flo. N. A._ _page_ 574.
Root Fibrous--stem erect, branched, grooved. Radical leaves broad,
lanceolate, cauline leaves sessile, unequal, margins undulate
peduncles one flowered, terminal--calyx many segments, lanceolate,
obtuse--corolla bright yellow--radiated florets, linear, lanceolate
recurved, barren--florets of the disk fertile--whole plant hairy.
The genus Rudbeckia (called after Professor Rudbeck of Upsal who
died in 1702) is a very ornamental one, its different species making
a gay appearance in the Autumn. R. hirta is perhaps one of the most
desirable, from its moderate size, seldom growing higher than two
feet--it was introduced about the year 1714, it is a native of N.
America, and is found on the mountains from Virginia to Florida--it
likes a light rich soil, and is propagated by parting the roots,
which should be done in the spring, as it flowers so late in Autumn
as to prevent the removal in sufficient time for the plants to be
well established before winter--it is rather tender, sometimes being
destroyed by too much wet. The following are pleasing species:--
R. purpurea.
-- fulgida.
-- columnaris.
-- speciosa.
-- pinnata.
Pl. 37.
[Illustration: _Plate 38._ _Scabiosa Caucasea._
_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
SCABIOSA Caucasea.
_Caucasean Scabious._
_Class and Order._--TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Syn. Scabiosa Caucasea. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 886.
Root fibrous--stem erect, rising to the height of two feet or
more--radical leaves on long channelled footstalks, lanceolate, acute,
margins undulate, cauline leaves, connate, pinnatifid--peduncles one
flowered, flowers terminal--involucre from eight to ten segments,
lanceolate, acute--corolla delicate purple, segments trilobed, lobes
obtuse, margins undulate, florets of the disk tubular, margins
five-cleft--Calyx double--stamens four, anthers oblong, of a bright
red, style longer than the stamens; stigma globose; germen downy.
This is perhaps the most beautiful species of the genus; and a highly
ornamental plant in the Autumnal months, during which time it continues
long in beauty, it is a native of Mount Caucasus, and according to the
Bot. Mag. p. 886, was raised by Messrs. Loddiges from seeds received
by them about the year 1803--a light soil suits it best, and it may be
increased by parting its roots in the spring--it is quite hardy.
The genus Scabiosa is not a favorite one for a flower garden, though a
few species may deserve a place in our collections--some of the most
desirable are
S. alpina.
-- tatarica.
-- atropurpurea.
-- lœvigata.
Pl. 38.
[Illustration: _Plate 39._ _Lobelia fulgens._
_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
LOBELIA fulgens.
_Refulgent Lobelia._
_Class and Order._--PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Syn. Lobelia fulgens. _Bot. Rep._ _pl._ 659.
Root fibrous--stem erect, leafy, occasionally drooping at the
summit, downy. Leaves alternate sessile, broad lanceolate, undulate,
denticulate near the point, veined, becoming smaller towards the
top of the stem--peduncles very short--calyx five segments, acute,
downy--corolla monopetalous, very brilliant scarlet--tube oblong,
inflated at the base, segments five, three lower ones, oblong,
lanceolate, acute; two upper, small, linear, acute, recurved--stamens
five--anthers oblong, style filiform--stigma compressed.
This brilliant ornament to the flower garden is a native of Mexico,
and was raised from seeds sent by Humboldt and Bonpland, to this
country, about the year 1809--it is a plant of easy cultivation, and
is readily increased by parting the roots in Spring--it is hardy, but
in the winter requires to be kept dry, as it is liable to decay from
too much moisture, it is therefore the safest plan to put a few plants
in a frame, divide them, and plant them about April, in a stiff soil,
and moist situation, where they will flourish exceedingly, and make
a splendid appearance until destroyed by frost--This species differs
little from L. Splendens, which has its foliage more tinged with red
and is devoid of that pubescence which distinguishes L. fulgens.
There are several beautiful species of this genus, but few are hardy,
those most desirable for a flower garden are
L. splendens.
-- cardinalis.
-- amæna.
-- tupa.
Pl. 39.
[Illustration: _Plate 40._ _Aster Amellus._
_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
ASTER amellus.
_Italian aster._
_Class and Order._--SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
Syn. Aster Amellus. _Hortus Kewensis_, _vol._ 5, _page_ 54.
Root fibrous--stem erect, branched, sometimes two feet
high--leaves sessile, alternate, ovate lanceolate, obtuse--margins
undulate. Flowers purple, corymbose, on short peduncles; calyx
imbricated--radiated florets, linear, obtuse, furnished with a style
only--florets of the disk fertile containing both stamens and pistils.
Few autumnal plants are more deserving of cultivation than the Aster
Amellus--the beauty of the flower, its moderately low growth, and late
flowering, rendering it a valuable plant for the season, and perhaps
preferable to any of the genus--it is a native of the South of Europe,
and was cultivated in this country, as long since as 1596, by Gerard,
it will grow in any soil or situation, and flowers from September until
destroyed by severe frost--it may be increased by dividing the roots,
which according to Miller should not be moved oftener than every third
year.
The genus aster is a very numerous one, and affords some ornamental
species
A. alpina.
-- blandus.
-- elegans.
-- grandiflorus.
-- nova angliæ.
-- spectabilis.
-- pulcherrimus.
Pl. 40.