POETICAL WORKS
of
ROBERT BRIDGES
Volume I
[Illustration]
London
Smith, Elder & Co
15 Waterloo Place
1898
OXFORD: HORACE HART
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
_POETICAL WORKS OF ROBERT BRIDGES_
_VOLUME THE FIRST CONTAINING_
_PROMETHEUS THE FIREGIVER_ _p._ 1
_EROS AND PSYCHE_ 71
_THE GROWTH OF LOVE_ 217
_NOTES_ 289
LIST OF PREVIOUS EDITIONS
_PROMETHEUS._
1. _Private Press of H. Daniel. Oxford, 1883._
2. _Chiswick Press. Geo. Bell & Sons, 1884._
_EROS AND PSYCHE._
1. _Chiswick Press. Geo. Bell & Sons, 1885._
2. _Do. do. Revised, 1894._
_This last volume is still on sale._
_GROWTH OF LOVE._
1. _XXIV Sonnets. Ed. Bumpus, 1876._
2. _LXXIX Sonnets. Daniel Press, 1889._
_This edition was copied in America._
3. _Do. do. Black letter. 1890._
PROMETHEUS
THE
FIREGIVER
A MASK IN THE
GREEK MANNER
_ARGUMENT_
PROMETHEUS COMING ON EARTH TO GIVE FIRE TO MEN APPEARS BEFORE THE
PALACE OF INACHUS IN ARGOS ON A FESTIVAL OF ZEUS · HE INTERRUPTS THE
CEREMONY BY ANNOUNCING FIRE AND PERSUADES INACHUS TO DARE THE ANGER
OF ZEUS AND ACCEPT THE GIFT · INACHUS FETCHING ARGEIA HIS WIFE FROM
THE PALACE HAS IN TURN TO QUIET HER FEARS · HE ASKS A PROPHECY OF
PROMETHEUS WHO FORETELLS THE FATE OF IO THEIR DAUGHTER · PROMETHEUS
THEN SETTING FLAME TO THE ALTAR AND WRITING HIS OWN NAME THEREON IN THE
PLACE OF ZEUS DISAPPEARS
THE CHORUS SING (1) A HYMN TO ZEUS WITH THE STORIES OF THE BIRTH OF
ZEUS AND THE MARRIAGE OF HERA WITH THE DANCES OF THE CURETES AND THE
HESPERIDES (2) THEIR ANTICIPATION OF FIRE WITH AN ODE ON WONDER (3) A
TRAGIC HYMN ON THE LOT OF MAN (4) A FIRE-CHORUS (5) A FINAL CHORUS IN
PRAISE OF PROMETHEUS
ALL THE CHARACTERS ARE GOOD · PROMETHEUS PROLOGIZES · HE CARRIES A LONG
REED
DRAMATIS PERSONÆ
_PROMETHEUS._
_INACHUS._
_ARGEIA._
_SERVANT._
_IO_ (_persona muta_).
_CHORUS: Youths and maidens of the house of
Inachus._
_The SCENE is in ARGOS before the palace of Inachus.
An altar inscribed to Zeus is at the
centre of the stage._
PROMETHEUS THE FIREGIVER
_PROMETHEUS._
From high Olympus and the ætherial courts,
Where mighty Zeus our angry king confirms
The Fates’ decrees and bends the wills of the gods,
I come: and on the earth step with glad foot.
This variegated ocean-floor of the air,
The changeful circle of fair land, that lies
Heaven’s dial, sisterly mirror of night and day:
The wide o’er-wandered plain, this nether world
My truant haunt is, when from jealous eyes
I steal, for hither ’tis I steal, and here 10
Unseen repair my joy: yet not unseen
Methinks, nor seen unguessed of him I seek.
Rather by swath or furrow, or where the path
Is walled with corn I am found, by trellised vine
Or olive set in banks or orchard trim:
I watch all toil and tilth, farm, field and fold,
And taste the mortal joy; since not in heaven
Among our easeful gods hath facile time
A touch so keen, to wake such love of life
As stirs the frail and careful being, who here, 20
The king of sorrows, melancholy man,
Bows at his labour, but in heart erect
A god stands, nor for any gift of god
Would barter his immortal-hearted prime.
Could I but win this world from Zeus for mine,
With not a god to vex my happy rule,
I would inhabit here and leave high heaven:
So much I love it and its race of men,
Even as he hates them, hates both them, and me
For loving what he hates, and would destroy me,
Outcast in the scorn of all his cringing crew,
For daring but to save what he would slay:
And me must first destroy. Thus he denieth
My heart’s wish, thus my counsel sets at naught,
Which him saved once, when all at stake he stood
Uprisen in rebellion to overthrow
The elderseated Titans, for I that day
Gave him the counsels which his foes despised.
Unhappy they, who had still their blissful seats
Preserved and their Olympian majesty, 40
Had they been one with me. Alas, my kin!
But he, when he had taken the throne and chained
His foes in wasteful Tartarus, said no more
Where is Prometheus our wise counsellor?
What saith Prometheus? tell us, O Prometheus,
What Fate requires! but waxing confident
And wanton, as a youth first tasting power,
He wrecked the timeless monuments of heaven,
The witness of the wisdom of the gods,
And making all about him new, beyond 50
Determined to destroy the race of men,
And that create afresh or else have none.
Then his vain mind imagined a device,
And at his bidding all the opposèd winds
Blew, and the scattered clouds and furlèd snows,
From every part of heaven together flying,
He with brute hands in huge disorder heaped:
They with the winds’ weight and his angry breath
Were thawed: in cataracts they fell, and earth
In darkness deep and whelmèd tempest lay, 60
Drowned’neath the waters. Yet on the mountain-tops
Some few escaped, and some, thus warned by me,
Made shift to live in vessels which outrode
The season and the fury of the flood.
And when his rain was spent and from clear skies
Zeus looking down upon the watery world,
Beheld these few, the remnant of mankind,
Who yet stood up and breathed; he next withdrew
The seeds of fire, that else had still lain hid
In withered branch and the blue flakes of flint 70
For man to exact and use, but these withdrawn,
Man with the brutes degraded would be man
No more; and so the tyrant was content.
But I, despised again, again upheld
The weak, and pitying them sent sweet Hope,
Bearer of dreams, enchantress fond and kind,
From heaven descending on the unhindered rays
Of every star, to cheer with visions fair
Their unamending pains. And now this day
Behold I come bearing the seal of all 80
Which Hope had promised: for within this reed
A prisoner I bring them stolen from heaven,
The flash of mastering fire, and it have borne
So swift to earth, that when yon noontide sun
Rose from the sea at morning I was by,
And unperceived of Hêlios plunged the point
I’ the burning axle, and withdrew a tongue
Of breathing flame, which lives to leap on earth
For man the father of all fire to come.
And hither have I brought it even to Argos 90
Unto king Inachus, him having chosen
Above all mortals to receive my gift:
For he is hopeful, careful, wise, and brave.
He first, when first the floods left bare the land,
Grew warm with enterprise, and gathered men
Together, and disposed their various tasks
For common weal combined; for soon were seen
The long straight channels dwindling on the plain,
Which slow from stagnant pool and wide morass
The pestilent waters to the rivers bore: 100
Then in the ruined dwellings and old tombs
He dug, unbedding from the wormèd ooze
Vessels and tools of trade and husbandry;
Wherewith, all seasonable works restored,
Oil made he and wine anew, and taught mankind
To live not brutally though without fire,
Tending their flocks and herds and weaving wool,
Living on fruit and milk and shepherds’ fare,
Till time should bring back flame to smithy and hearth,
Or Zeus relent. Now at these gates I stand, 110
At this mid hour, when Inachus comes forth
To offer sacrifice unto his foe.
For never hath his faithful zeal forborne
To pay the power, though hard, that rules the world
The smokeless sacrifice; which first today
Shall smoke, and rise at heaven in flame to brave
The baffled god. See here a servant bears
For the cold altar ceremonial wood:
My shepherd’s cloak will serve me for disguise.
_SERVANT._
With much toil have I hewn these sapless logs. 120
_Pr._ But toil brings health, and health is happiness.
_Serv._ Here’s one I know not--nay, how came he here
Unseen by me? I pray thee, stranger, tell me
What would’st thou at the house of Inachus?
_Pr._ Intruders, friend, and travellers have glib tongues,
Silence will question such.
_Serv._ If ’tis a message,
To-day is not thy day--who sent thee hither?
_Pr._ The business of my leisure was well guessed:
But he that sent me hither is I that come.
_Serv._ I smell the matter--thou would’st serve the house? 130
_Pr._ ’Twas for that very cause I fled my own.
_Serv._ From cruelty or fear of punishment?
_Pr._ Cruel was my master, for he slew his father.
His punishments thou speakest of are crimes.
_Serv._ Thou dost well flying one that slew his father.
_Pr._ Thy lord, they say, is kind.
_Serv._ Well, thou wilt see.
Thou may’st at once begin--come, give a hand.
_Pr._ A day of freedom is a day of pleasure;
And what thou doest have I never done,
And understanding not might mar thy work. 140
_Serv._ Ay true--there is a right way and a wrong
In laying wood.
_Pr._ Then let me see thee lay it:
The sight of a skill’d hand will teach an art.
_Serv._ Thou seest this faggot which I now unbind,
How it is packed within.
_Pr._ I see the cones
And needles of the fir, which by the wind
In melancholy places ceaselessly
Sighing are strewn upon the tufted floor.
_Serv._ These took I from a sheltered bank, whereon
The sun looks down at noon; for there is need
The things be dry. These first I spread; and then
Small sticks that snap i’ the hand.
_Pr._ Such are enough
To burden the slow flight of labouring rooks,
When on the leafless tree-tops in young March
Their glossy herds assembling soothe the air 155
With cries of solemn joy and cawings loud.
And such the long-necked herons will bear to mend
Their airy platform, when the loving spring
Bids them take thought for their expected young.
_Serv._ See even so I cross them and cross them so:
Larger and by degrees a steady stack 161
Have built, whereon the heaviest logs may lie:
And all of sun-dried wood: and now ’tis done.
_Pr._ And now ’tis done, what means it now ’tis done?
_Serv._ Well, thus ’tis rightly done: but why ’tis so
I cannot tell, nor any man here knows;
Save that our master when he sacrificeth,
As thou wilt hear anon, speaketh of fire;
And fire he saith is good for gods and men;
And the gods have it and men have it not: 170
And then he prays the gods to send us fire;
And we, against they send it, must have wood
Laid ready thus as I have shewn thee here.
_Pr._ To-day he sacrificeth?
_Serv._ Ay, this noon.
Hark! hear’st thou not? they come. The solemn flutes
Warn us away; we must not here be seen
In these our soilèd habits, yet may stand
Where we may hear and see and not be seen.
[_Exeunt R._
_Enter_ CHORUS, _and from the palace_ INACHUS _bearing cakes: he comes
to stand behind the altar_.
_CHORUS._
God of Heaven!
We praise thee, Zeus most high, 180
To whom by eternal Fate was given
The range and rule of the sky;
When thy lot, first of three
Leapt out, as sages tell,
And won Olympus for thee,
Therein for ever to dwell:
But the next with the barren sea
To grave Poseidôn fell,
And left fierce Hades his doom, to be
The lord and terror of hell. 190
(2) Thou sittest for aye
Encircled in azure bright,
Regarding the path of the sun by day,
And the changeful moon by night:
Attending with tireless ears
To the song of adoring love,
With which the separate spheres
Are voicèd that turn above:
And all that is hidden under
The clouds thy footing has furl’d 200
Fears the hand that holdeth the thunder,
The eye that looks on the world.
_Semichorus of youths._
Of all the isles of the sea
Is Crete most famed in story:
Above all mountains famous to me
Is Ida and crowned with glory.
There guarded of Heaven and Earth
Came Rhea at fall of night
To hide a wondrous birth
From the Sire’s unfathering sight. 210
The halls of Cronos rang
With omens of coming ill,
And the mad Curêtes danced and sang
Adown the slopes of the hill.
Then all the peaks of Gnossus kindled red
Beckoning afar unto the sinking sun,
He thro’ the vaporous west plunged to his bed,
Sunk, and the day was done.
But they, though he was fled,
Such light still held, as oft 220
Hanging in air aloft,
At eve from shadowed ship
The Egyptian sailor sees:
Or like the twofold tip
That o’er the topmost trees
Flares on Parnassus, and the Theban dames
Quake at the ghostly flames.
Then friendly night arose
To succour Earth, and spread
Her mantle o’er the snows 230
And quenched their rosy red;
But in the east upsprings
Another light on them,
Selêné with white wings
And hueless diadem.
Little could she befriend
Her father’s house and state,
Nor her weak beams defend
Hypérion from his fate.
Only where’er she shines, 240
In terror looking forth,
She sees the wailing pines
Stoop to the bitter North:
Or searching twice or thrice
Along the rocky walls,
She marks the columned ice
Of frozen waterfalls:
But still the darkened cave
Grew darker as she shone,
Wherein was Rhea gone 250
Her child to bear and save.
_[They dance._
Then danced the Dactyls and Curêtes wild,
And drowned with yells the cries of mother and child;
Big-armed Damnámeneus gan prance and shout:
And burly Acmon struck the echoes out:
And Kermis leaped and howled: and Titias pranced:
And broad Cyllenus tore the air and danced:
While deep within the shadowed cave at rest
Lay Rhea, with her babe upon her breast.
_INACHUS._
If any here there be whose impure hands 260
Among pure hands, or guilty heart among
Our guiltless hearts be stained with blood or wrong,
Let him depart!
If there be any here in whom high Zeus
Seeing impiety might turn away,
Now from our sacrifice and from his sin
Let him depart!
_Semichorus of maidens._
I have chosen to praise
Hêra the wife, and bring
A hymn for the feast on marriage days
To the wife of the gods’ king. 271
How on her festival
The gods had loving strife,
Which should give of them all
The fairest gift to the wife.
But Earth said, Fair to see
Is mine and yields to none,
I have grown for her joy a sacred tree,
With apples of gold thereon.
Then Hêra, when she heard what Earth had given,
Smiled for her joy, and longed and came to see:
On dovewings flying from the height of heaven,
Down to the golden tree:
As tired birds at even
Come flying straight to house 285
On their accustomed boughs.
’Twas where, on tortured hands
Bearing the mighty pole,
Devoted Atlas stands:
And round his bowed head roll
Day-light and night, and stars unmingled dance,
Nor can he raise his glance.
She saw the rocky coast
Whereon the azured waves
Are laced in foam, or lost
In water-lighted caves;
The olive island where,
Amid the purple seas
Night unto Darkness bare
The four Hesperides: 300
And came into the shade
Of Atlas, where she found
The garden Earth had made
And fenced with groves around.
And in the midst it grew
Alone, the priceless stem,
As careful, clear and true
As graving on a gem.
Nature had kissèd Art
And borne a child to stir 310
With jealousy the heart
Of heaven’s Artificer.
From crown to swelling root
It mocked the goddess’ praise,
The green enamelled sprays
The emblazoned golden fruit.
[_They dance._
And ’neath the tree, with hair and zone unbound,
The fair Hesperides aye danced around,
And Ægle danced and sang ‘O welcome, Queen!’
And Erytheia sang ‘The tree is green!’ 320
And Hestia danced and sang ‘The fruit is gold!’
And Arethusa sang ‘Fair Queen, behold!’
And all joined hands and danced about the tree,
And sang ‘O Queen, we dance and sing for thee!’
_In._ If there be any here who has complaint
Against our rule or claim or supplication,
Now in the name of Zeus let it appear,
Now let him speak!
_Prometheus reenters._
_Pr._ All hail, most worthy king, such claim have I.
_In._ May grace be with thee, stranger; speak thy mind. 330
_Pr._ To Argos, king of Argos, at thy house
I bring long journeying to an end this hour,
Bearing no idle message for thine ears.
For know that far thy fame has reached, and men
That ne’er have seen thee tell that thou art set
Upon the throne of virtue, that good-will
And love thy servants are, that in thy land
Joy, honour, trust and modesty abide
And drink the air of peace, that kings must see
Thy city, would they know their peoples’ good 340
And stablish them therein by wholesome laws.
But one thing mars the tale, for o’er thy lands
Travelling I have not seen from morn till eve,
Either from house or farm or labourer’s cot,
In any village, nor this town of Argos
A blue-wreathed smoke arise: the hearths are cold,
This altar cold: I see the wood and cakes
Unbaken--O king, where is the fire?
_In._ If hither, stranger, thou wert come to find
That which thou findest wanting, join with us
Now in our sacrifice, take food within, 351
And having learnt our simple way of life
Return unto thy country whence thou camest.
But hast thou skill or knowledge of this thing,
How best it may be sought, or by what means
Hope to be reached, O speak! I wait to hear.
_Pr._ There is, O king, fire on the earth this day.
_In._ On earth there is fire thou sayest!
_Pr._ There is fire.
_In._ On earth this day!
_Pr._ There is fire on earth this day.
_In._ This is a sacred place, a solemn hour,
Thy speech is earnest: yet even if thou speak truth,
O welcome messenger of happy tidings,
And though I hear aright, yet to believe
Is hard: thou canst not know what words thou speakest
Into what ears: they never heard before 365
This sound but in old tales of happier times,
In sighs of prayer and faint unhearted hope:
Maybe they heard not rightly, speak again!
_Pr._ There is, O king, fire on the earth this day.
_In._ Yes, yes, again. Now let sweet Music blab
Her secret and give o’er; here is a trumpet 371
That mocks her method. Yet ’tis but the word.
Maybe thy fire is not the fire I seek;
Maybe though thou didst see it, now ’tis quenched,
Or guarded out of reach: speak yet again
And swear by heaven’s truth is there fire or no;
And if there be, what means may make it mine.
_Pr._ There is, O king, fire on the earth this day:
But not as thou dost seek it to be found.
_In._ How seeking wrongly shall I seek aright?
_Pr._ Thou prayest here to Zeus, and him thou callest 381
Almighty, knowing he could grant thy prayer:
That if ’twere but his will, the journeying sun
Might drop a spark into thine outstretched hand:
That at his breath the splashing mountain brooks
That fall from Orneæ, and cold Lernè’s pool
Would change their element, and their chill streams
Bend in their burning banks a molten flood:
That at his word so many messengers
Would bring thee fire from heaven, that not a hearth
In all thy land but straight would have a god 391
To kneel and fan the flame: and yet to him,
It is to him thou prayest.
_In._ Therefore to him.
_Pr._ Is this thy wisdom, king, to sow thy seed
Year after year in this unsprouting soil?
Hast thou not proved and found the will of Zeus
A barren rock for man with prayer to plough?
_In._ His anger be averted! we judge not god
Evil, because our wishes please him not.
Oft our shortsighted prayers to heaven ascending
Ask there our ruin, and are then denied 401
In kindness above granting: were’t not so,
Scarce could we pray for fear to pluck our doom
Out of the merciful withholding hands.
_Pr._ Why then provokest thou such great goodwill
In long denial and kind silence shown?
_In._ Fie, fie! Thou lackest piety: the god’s denial
Being nought but kindness, there is hope that he
Will make that good which is not:--or if indeed
Good be withheld in punishment, ’tis well
Still to seek on and pray that god relent. 411
_Pr._ O Sire of Argos, Zeus will not relent.
_In._ Yet fire thou sayst is on the earth this day.
_Pr._ Not of his knowledge nor his gift, O king.
_In._ By kindness of what god then has man fire?
_Pr._ I say but on the earth unknown to Zeus.
_In._ How boastest thou to know, not of his knowledge?
_Pr._ I boast not: he that knoweth not may boast.
_In._ Thy daring words bewilder sense with sound.
_Pr._ I thought to find thee ripe for daring deeds.
_In._ And what the deed for which I prove unripe?
_Pr_. To take of heaven’s fire.
_In._ And were I ripe,
What should I dare, beseech you?
_Pr._ The wrath of Zeus.
_In._ Madman, pretending in one hand to hold
The wrath of god and in the other fire. 425
_Pr._ Thou meanest rather holding both in one.
_In._ Both impious art thou and incredible.
_Pr._ Yet impious only till thou dost believe.
_In._ And what believe? Ah, if I could believe!
It was but now thou saidst that there was fire,
And I was near believing; I believed:
Now to believe were to be mad as thou.
_Chorus._ He may be mad and yet say true--maybe
The heat of prophecy like a strong wine
Shameth his reason with exultant speech. 435
_Pr._ Thou say’st I am mad, and of my sober words
Hast called those impious which thou fearest true,
Those which thou knowest good, incredible.
Consider ere thou judge: be first assured
All is not good for man that seems god’s will.
See, on thy farming skill, thy country toil 441
Which bends to aid the willing fruits of earth,
And would promote the seasonable year,
The face of nature is not always kind:
And if thou search the sum of visible being
To find thy blessing featured, ’tis not there:
Her best gifts cannot brim the golden cup
Of expectation which thine eager arms
Lift to her mouthèd horn--what then is this
Whose wide capacity outbids the scale 450
Of prodigal beauty, so that the seeing eye
And hearing ear, retiring unamazed
Within their quiet chambers, sit to feast
With dear imagination, nor look forth
As once they did upon the varying air?
Whence is the fathering of this desire
Which mocks at fated circumstance? nay though
Obstruction lie as cumbrous as the mountains,
Nor thy particular hap hath armed desire
Against the brunt of evil,--yet not for this 460
Faints man’s desire: it is the unquenchable
Original cause, the immortal breath of being:
Nor is there any spirit on Earth astir,
Nor ’neath the airy vault, nor yet beyond
In any dweller in far-reaching space,
Nobler or dearer than the spirit of man:
That spirit which lives in each and will not die,
That wooeth beauty, and for all good things
Urgeth a voice, or in still passion sigheth,
And where he loveth draweth the heart with him.
Hast thou not heard him speaking oft and oft,
Prompting thy secret musing and now shooting
His feathered fancies, or in cloudy sleep 473
Piling his painted dreams? O hark to him!
For else if folly shut his joyous strength
To mope in her dark prison without praise,
The hidden tears with which he wails his wrong
Will sour the fount of life. O hark to him!
Him mayst thou trust beyond the things thou seest.
For many things there be upon this earth
Unblest and fallen from beauty, to mislead
Man’s mind, and in a shadow justify
The evil thoughts and deeds that work his ill;
Fear, hatred, lust and strife, which, if man question
The heavenborn spirit within him, are not there.
Yet are they bold of face, and Zeus himself, 486
Seeing that Mischief held her head on high,
Lest she should go beyond his power to quell
And draw the inevitable Fate that waits
On utmost ill, himself preventing Fate
Hasted to drown the world, and now would crush
Thy little remnant: but among the gods 492
Is one whose love and courage stir for thee;
Who being of manlike spirit, by many shifts
Has stayed the hand of the enemy, who crieth
Thy world is not destroyed, thy good shall live:
Thou hast more power for good than Zeus for ill,
More courage, justice, more abundant art,
More love, more joy, more reason: though around thee
Rank-rooting evil bloom with poisonous crown,
Though wan and dolorous and crooked things 501
Have made their home with thee, thy good shall live.
Know thy desire: and know that if thou seek it,
And seek, and seek, and fear not, thou shalt find.
_Sem._ (_youths_). Is this a god that speaketh thus?
_Sem._ (_maidens_). He speaketh as a man
In love or great affliction yields his soul.
_In._ Thou, whencesoe’er thou comest, whoe’er thou art,
Who breakest on our solemn sacrifice
With solemn words, I pray thee not depart
Till thou hast told me more. This fire I seek 510
Not for myself, whose thin and silvery hair
Tells that my toilsome age nears to its end,
But for my children and the aftertime,
For great the need thereof, wretched our state;
Nay, set by what has been, our happiness
Is very want, so that what now is not
Is but the measure of what yet may be.
And first are barest needs, which well I know
Fire would supply, but I have hope beyond,
That Nature in recovering her right 520
Would kinder prove to man who seeks to learn
Her secrets and unfold the cause of life.
So tell me, if thou knowest, what is fire?
Doth earth contain it? or, since from the sun
Fire reaches us, since in the glimmering stars
And pallid moon, in lightning, and the glance
Of tracking meteors that at nightfall show
How in the air a thousand sightless things
Travel, and ever on their windswift course
Flame when they list and into darkness go,--530
Since in all these a fiery nature dwells,
Is fire an airy essence, a thing of heaven,
That, could we poise it, were an alien power
To make our wisdom less, our wonder more?
_Pr._ Thy wish to know is good, and happy is he
Who thus from chance and change has launched his mind
To dwell for ever with undisturbèd truth.
This high ambition doth not prompt his hand
To crime, his right and pleasure are not wronged
By folly of his fellows, nor his eye 540
Dimmed by the griefs that move the tears of men.
Son of the earth, and citizen may be
Of Argos or of Athens and her laws,
But still the eternal nature, where he looks,
O’errules him with the laws which laws obey,
And in her heavenly city enrols his heart.
_In._ Thus ever have I held of happiness,
The child of heavenly truth, and thus have found it
In prayer and meditation and still thought,
And thus my peace of mind based on a floor 550
That doth not quaver like the joys of sense:
Those I possess enough in seeing my slaves
And citizens enjoy, having myself
Tasted for once and put their sweets away.
But of that heavenly city, of which thou sayest
Her laws o’errule us, have I little learnt,
For when my wandering spirit hath dared alone
The unearthly terror of her voiceless halls,
She hath fallen from delight, and without guide
Turned back, and from her errand fled for fear. 560
_Pr._ Think not that thou canst all things know, nor deem
Such knowledge happiness: the all-knowing Fates
No pleasure have, who sit eternally
Spinning the unnumbered threads that Time hath woven,
And weaves, upgathering in his furthest house
To store from sight; but what ’tis joy to learn
Or use to know, that may’st thou ask of right.
_In._ Then tell me, for thou knowest, what is fire?
_Pr._ Know then, O king, that this fair earth of men,
The Olympus of the gods, and all the heavens
Are lesser kingdoms of the boundless space 571
Wherein Fate rules; they have their several times,
Their seasons and the limit of their thrones,
And from the nature of eternal things
Springing, themselves are changed; even as the trees
Or birds or beasts of earth, which now arise
To being, now in turn decay and die.
The heaven and earth thou seest, for long were held
By Fire, a raging power, to whom the Fates
Decreed a slow diminishing old age, 580
But to his daughter, who is that gentle goddess,
Queen of the clear and azure firmament,
In heaven called Hygra, but by mortals Air,
To her, the child of his slow doting years,
Was given a beauteous youth, not long to outlast
His life, but be the pride of his decay,
And win to gentler sway his lost domains.
And when the day of time arrived, when Air
Took o’er from her decrepit sire the third
Of the Sun’s kingdoms, the one-moonèd earth,
Straight came she down to her inheritance. 591
Gaze on the sun with thine unshaded eye
And shrink from what she saw. Forests of fire
Whose waving trunks, sucking their fuel, reared
In branched flame roaring, and their torrid shades
Aye underlit with fire. The mountains lifted
And fell and followed like a running sea,
And from their swelling flanks spumed froth of fire;
Or, like awakening monsters, mighty mounds
Rose on the plain awhile.
_Sem._ (_maidens_). He discovers a foe. 600
_Sem._ (_youths_). An enemy he paints.
_Pr._ These all she quenched,
Or charmed their fury into the dens and bowels
Of earth to smoulder, there the vital heat
To hold for her creation, which then--to her aid
Summoning high Reason from his home in heaven,—
She wrought anew upon the temperate lands.
_Sem._ (_maidens_). ’Twas well Air won this kingdom of her sire.
_Sem._ (_youths_). Now say how made she green this home of fire.
_Pr._ The waters first she brought, that in their streams
And pools and seas innumerable things 610
Brought forth, from whence she drew the fertile seeds
Of trees and plants, and last of footed life,
That wandered forth, and roaming to and fro,
The rejoicing earth peopled with living sound.
Reason advised, and Reason praised her toil;
Which when she had done she gave him thanks, and said,
‘Fair comrade, since thou praisest what is done,
Grant me this favour ere thou part from me:
Make thou one fair thing for me, which shall suit
With what is made, and be the best of all.’ 620
’Twas evening, and that night Reason made man.
_Sem._ (_maidens_). Children of Air are we, and live by fire.
_Sem._ (_youths_). The sons of Reason dwelling on the earth.
_Sem._ (_maidens_). Folk of a pleasant kingdom held between
Fire’s reign of terror and the latter day
When dying, soon in turn his child must die.
_Sem._ (_youths_). Having a wise creator, above time
Or youth or change, from whom our kind inherit
The grace and pleasure of the eternal gods.
_In._ But how came gods to rule this earth of Air?
_Pr._ They also were her children who first ruled,
Cronos, Iapetus, Hypérion, 632
Theia and Rhea, and other mighty names
That are but names--whom Zeus drave out from heaven,
And with his tribe sits on their injured thrones.
_In._ There is no greater god in heaven than he.
_Pr._ Nor none more cruel nor more tyrannous.
_In._ But what can man against the power of god?
_Pr._ Doth not man strive with him? thyself dost pray.
_In._ That he may pardon our contrarious deeds.
_Pr._ Alas! alas! what more contrarious deed,
What greater miracle of wrong than this, 642
That man should know his good and take it not?
To what god wilt thou pray to pardon this?
In vain was reason given, if man therewith
Shame truth, and name it wisdom to cry down
The unschooled promptings of his best desire.
The beasts that have no speech nor argument
Confute him, and the wild hog in the wood
That feels his longing, hurries straight thereto, 650
And will not turn his head.
_In._ How mean’st thou this?
_Pr._ Thou hast desired the good, and now canst feel
How hard it is to kill the heart’s desire.
_In._ Shall Inachus rise against Zeus, as he
Rose against Cronos and made war in heaven?
_Pr._ I say not so, yet, if thou didst rebel,
The tongue that counselled Zeus should counsel thee.
_Sem._ (_maidens_). This is strange counsel.
_Sem._ (_youths_). He is not
A counsellor for gods or men.
_In._ O that I knew where I might counsel find,
That one were sent, nay, were’t the least of all
The myriad messengers of heaven, to me! 662
One that should say ’This morn I stood with Zeus,
He hath heard thy prayer and sent me: ask a boon,
What thing thou wilt, it shall be given thee.’
_Pr._ What wouldst thou say to such a messenger?
_In._ No need to ask then what I now might ask,
How ’tis the gods, if they have care for mortals,
Slubber our worst necessities--and the boon,
No need to tell him that.
_Pr._ Now, king, thou seest
Zeus sends no messenger, but I am here.
_In._ Thy speech is hard, and even thy kindest words
Unkind. If fire thou hast, in thee ’tis kind
To proffer it: but thou art more unkind
Yoking heaven’s wrath therewith. Nay, and how knowest thou 675
Zeus will be angry if I take of it?
Thou art a prophet: ay, but of the prophets
Some have been taken in error, and honest time
Has honoured many with forgetfulness.
I’ll make this proof of thee; Show me thy fire--
Nay, give’t me now--if thou be true at all,
Be true so far: for the rest there’s none will lose,
Nor blame thee being false--where is thy fire?
_Pr._ O rather, had it thus been mine to give,
I would have given it thus: not adding aught
Of danger or diminishment or loss; 686
So strong is my goodwill; nor less than this
My knowledge, but in knowledge all my power.
Yet since wise guidance with a little means
Can more than force unminded, I have skill
To conjure evil and outcompass strength.
Now give I thee my best, a little gift
To work a world of wonder; ’tis thine own
Of long desire, and with it I will give
The cunning of invention and all arts 695
In which thy hand instructed may command,
Interpret, comfort, or ennoble nature;
With all provision that in wisdom is,
And what prevention in foreknowledge lies.
_In._ Great is the gain.
_Pr._ O king, the gain is thine,
The penalty I more than share.
_In._ Enough,
I take thy gift; nor hast thou stood more firm
To every point of thy strange chequered tale,
Revealing, threatening, offering more and more,
And never all, than I to this resolve. 705
_Pr._ I knew thy heart would fail not at the hour.
_In._ Nay, failed I now, what were my years of toil
More than the endurance of a harnessed brute,
Flogged to his daily work, that cannot view
The high design to which his labour steps?
And I of all men were dishonoured most
Shrinking in fear, who never shrank from toil,
And found abjuring, thrusting stiffly back,
The very gift for which I stretched my hands.
What though I suffer? are these wintry years
Of growing desolation to be held 716
As cherishable as the suns of spring?
Nay, only joyful can they be in seeing
Long hopes accomplished, long desires fulfilled.
And since thou hast touched ambition on the side
Of nobleness, and stirred my proudest hope,
And wilt fulfil this, shall I count the cost?
Rather decay will triumph, and cold death
Be lapped in glory, seeing strength arise 724
From weakness, from the tomb go forth a flame.
_Pr._ ’Tis well; thou art exalted now, the grace
Becomes thy valiant spirit.
_In._ Lo! on this day
Which hope despaired to see, hope manifests
A vision bright as were the dreams of youth;
When life was easy as a sleeper’s faith
Who swims in the air and dances on the sea;
When all the good that scarce by toil is won,
Or not at all is won, is as a flower
Growing in plenty to be plucked at will:
Is it a dream again or is it truth, 735
This vision fair of Greece inhabited?
A fairer sight than all fair Iris sees,
Footing her airy arch of colours spun
From Ida to Olympus, when she stays
To look on Greece and thinks the sight is fair;
Far fairer now, clothed with the works of men.
_Pr._ Ay, fairer far: for nature’s varied pleasaunce
Without man’s life is but a desert wild,
Which most, where most she mocks him, needs his aid.
She knows her silence sweeter when it girds 745
His murmurous cities, her wide wasteful curves
Larger beside his economic line;
Or what can add a mystery to the dark,
As doth his measured music when it moves
With rhythmic sweetness through the void of night?
Nay, all her loveliest places are but grounds
Of vantage, where with geometric hand,
True square and careful compass he may come
To plan and plant and spread abroad his towers,
His gardens, temples, palaces and tombs. 755
And yet not all thou seest, with trancèd eye
Looking upon the beauty that shall be,
The temple-crownèd heights, the wallèd towns,
Farms and cool summer seats, nor the broad ways
That bridge the rivers and subdue the mountains,
Nor all that travels on them, pomp or war
Or needful merchandise, nor all the sails
Piloting over the wind-dappled blue
Of the summer-soothed Ægean, to thy mind
Can picture what shall be: these are the face
And form of beauty, but her heart and life
Shall they be who shall see it, born to shield
A happier birthright with intrepid arms,
To tread down tyranny and fashion forth
A virgin wisdom to subdue the world, 770
To build for passion an eternal song,
To shape her dreams in marble, and so sweet
Their speech, that envious Time hearkening shall stay
In fear to snatch, and hide his rugged hand.
Now is the birthday of thy conquering youth,
O man, and lo! thy priest and prophet stand
Beside the altar and have blessed the day.
_In._ Ay, blessed be this day. Where is thy fire?
Or is aught else to do, ere I may take?
_Pr._ This was my message, speak and there is fire.
_In._ There shall be fire. Await me here awhile.
I go to acquaint my house, and bring them forth.
[_Exit._
_Chorus._
Hearken, O Argos, hearken! 783
There will be fire.
And thou, O Earth, give ear!
There will be fire.
_Sem._ (_maidens_). Who shall be sent to fetch this fire
for the king?
_Sem._ (_youths_). Shall we put forth in boats to reap,
And shall the waves for harvest yield
The rootless flames that nimbly leap 790
Upon their ever-shifting field?
_Sem._ (_maidens_). Or we in olive-groves go shake
And beat the fruiting sprays, till all
The silv’ry glitter which they make
Beneath into our baskets fall?
_Sem._ (_youths_). To bind in sheaves and bear away
The white unshafted darts of day?
_Sem._ (_maidens_). And from the shadow one by one
Pick up the playful oes of sun?
_Sem._ (_youths_). Or wouldst thou mine a passage deep
Until the darksome fire is found, 801
Which prisoned long in seething sleep
Vexes the caverns underground?
_Sem._ (_maidens_). Or bid us join our palms perchance,
To cup the slant and chinkèd beam,
Which mounting morn hath sent to dance
Across our chamber while we dream?
_Sem._ (_youths_). Say whence and how shall we fetch
this fire for the king?
Our hope is impatient of vain debating.
_Sem._ (_maidens_). My heart is stirred at the name of 810
the wondrous thing,
And trembles awaiting.
_ODE._
A coy inquisitive spirit, the spirit of wonder,
Possesses the child in his cradle, when mortal things
Are new, yet a varied surface and nothing under.
It busies the mind on trifles and toys and brings
Her grasp from nearer to further, from smaller to greater,
And slowly teaches flight to her fledgeling wings.
Where’er she flutters and falls surprises await her:
She soars, and beauty’s miracles open in sight,
The flowers and trees and beasts of the earth; and later 820
The skies of day, the moon and the stars of night;
’Neath which she scarcely venturing goes demurely,
With mystery clad, in the awe of depth and height.
O happy for still unconscious, for ah! how surely,
How soon and surely will disenchantment come,
When first to herself she boasts to walk securely,
And drives the master spirit away from his home;
Seeing the marvellous things that make the morning
Are marvels of every-day, familiar, and some
Have lost with use, like earthly robes, their adorning,
As earthly joys the charm of a first delight, 831
And some are fallen from awe to neglect and scorning;
Until--
O tarry not long, dear needed sprite!
Till thou, though uninvited, with fancy returnest
To hallow beauty and make the dull heart bright:
To inhabit again thy gladdened kingdom in earnest;
Wherein--
from the smile of beauty afar forecasting
The pleasure of god, thou livest at peace and yearnest
With wonder everlasting.
SECOND PART
_Reenter from the palace_ INACHUS, _with_ ARGEIA _and_ IO.
_INACHUS._
That but a small and easy thing now seems,
Which from my house when I came forth at noon
A dream was and beyond the reach of man.
’Tis now a fancy of the will, a word,
Liberty’s lightest prize. Yet still as one
Who loiters on the threshold of delight,
Delaying pleasure for the love of pleasure,
I dally--Come, Argeia, and share my triumph!
And set our daughter by thee; though her eyes
Are young, there are no eyes this day so young
As shall forget this day--while one thing more
I ask of thee; this evil, will it light 851
On me or on my house or on mankind?
_Pr._ Scarce on mankind, O Inachus, for Zeus
A second time failing will not again
Measure his spite against their better fate.
And now the terror, which awhile o’er Earth
Its black wings spread, shall up to Heaven ascend
And gnaw the tyrant’s heart: for there is whispered
A word gone forth to scare the mighty gods;
How one must soon be born, and born of men, 860
Who shall drive out their impious host from heaven,
And from their skyey dwellings rule mankind
In truth and love. So scarce on man will fall
This evil, nay, nor on thyself, O king;
Thy name shall live an honoured name in Greece.
_In._ Then on my house ’twill be. Know’st thou no more?
_Pr._ Know I no more? Ay, if my purpose fail
’Tis not for lack of knowing: if I suffer,
’Tis not that poisonous fear hath slurred her task,
Or let brave resolution walk unarmed. 870
My ears are callous to the threats of Zeus,
The direful penalties his oath hath laid
On every good that I in heart and hand
Am sworn to accomplish, and for all his threats,
Lest their accomplishment should outrun mine,
Am bound the more. Nay, nor his evil minions,
Nor force, nor strength, shall bend me to his will.
_ARGEIA._
Alas, alas, what heavy words are these,
That in the place of joy forbid your tongue,
That cloud and change his face, while desperate sorrow 880
Sighs in his heart? I came to share a triumph:
All is dismay and terror. What is this?
_In._ True, wife, I spake of triumph, and I told thee
The winter-withering hope of my whole life
Has flower’d to-day in amaranth: what the hope
Thou knowest, who hast shared; but the condition
I told thee not and thou hast heard: this prophet,
Who comes to bring us fire, hath said that Zeus
Wills not the gift he brings, and will be wroth
With us that take it.
_Ar._ O doleful change, I came
In pious purpose, nay, I heard within 891
The hymn to glorious Zeus: I rose and said,
The mighty god now bends, he thrusts aside
His heavenly supplicants to hear the prayer
Of Inachus his servant; let him hear.
O let him turn away now lest he hear.
Nay, frown not on me; though a woman’s voice
That counsels is but heard impatiently,
Yet by thy love, and by the sons I bare thee,
By this our daughter, our last ripening fruit, 900
By our long happiness and hope of more,
Hear me and let me speak.
_In._ Well, wife, speak on.
_Ar._ Thy voice forbids more than thy words invite:
Yet say whence comes this stranger. Know’st thou not?
Yet whencesoe’er, if he but wish us well,
He will not bound his kindness in a day.
Do nought in haste. Send now to Sicyon
And fetch thy son Phorôneus, for his stake
In this is more than thine, and he is wise.
’Twere well Phorôneus and Ægialeus 910
Were both here: maybe they would both refuse
The strange conditions which this stranger brings.
Were we not happy too before he came?
Doth he not offer us unhappiness?
Bid him depart, and at some other time,
When you have well considered, then return.
_In._ ’Tis his conditions that we now shall hear.
_Ar._ O hide them yet! Are there not tales enough
Of what the wrathful gods have wrought on men?
Nay, ’twas this very fire thou now would’st take,
Which vain Salmoneus, son of Æolus, 921
Made boast to have, and from his rattling car
Threw up at heaven to mock the lightning. Him
The thunderer stayed not to deride, but sent
One blinding fork, that in the vacant sky
Shook like a serpent’s tongue, which is but seen
In memory, and he was not, or for burial
Rode with the ashes of his royal city
Upon the whirlwind of the riven air.
And after him his brother Athamas,
King of Orchomenos, in frenzy fell
For Hera’s wrath, and raving killed his son;
And would have killed fair Ino, but that she fled
Into the sea, preferring there to woo 934
The choking waters, rather than that the arm
Which had so oft embraced should do her wrong.
For which old crimes the gods yet unappeased
Demand a sacrifice, and the king’s son
Dreads the priest’s knife, and all the city mourns.
Or shall I say what shameful fury it was
With which Poseidon smote Pasiphaë,
But for neglect of a recorded vow:
Or how Actæon fared of Artemis
When he surprised her, most himself surprised:
And even while he looked his boasted bow
Fell from his hands, and through his veins there ran
A strange oblivious trouble, darkening sense
Till he knew nothing but a hideous fear
Which bade him fly, and faster, as behind
He heard his hounds give tongue, that through the wood 950
Were following, closing, caught him and tore him down.
And many more thus perished in their prime;
Lycaon and his fifty sons, whom Zeus
In their own house spied on, and unawares
Watching at hand, from his disguise arose,
And overset the table where they sat
Around their impious feast and slew them all:
Alcyonè and Ceyx, queen and king,
Who for their arrogance were changed to birds:
And Cadmus now a serpent, once a king: 960
And saddest Niobe, whom not the love
Of Leto aught availed, when once her boast
Went out, though all her crime was too much pride
Of heaven’s most precious gift, her children fair.
Six daughters had she, and six stalwart sons;
But Leto bade her two destroy the twelve.
And somewhere now, among lone mountain rocks
On Sipylus, where couch the nymphs at night
Who dance all day by Achelous’ stream,
The once proud mother lies, herself a rock, 970
And in cold breast broods o’er the goddess’ wrong.
_In._ Now hush thy fear. See how thou tremblest still.
Or if thou fear, fear passion; for the freshes
Of tenderness and motherly love will drown
The eye of judgment: yet, since even excess
Of the soft quality fits woman well,
I praise thee; nor would ask thee less to aid
With counsel, than in love to share my choice.
Tho’ weak thy hands to poise, thine eye may mark
This balance, how the good of all outweighs 980
The good of one or two, though these be us.
Let not reluctance shame the sacrifice
Which in another thou wert first to praise.
_Ar._ Alas for me, for thee and for our children,
Who, being our being, having all our having,
If they fare ill, our pride lies in the dust.
_In._ O deem not a man’s children are but those
Out of his loins engendered--our spirit’s love
Hath such prolific consequence, that Virtue
Cometh of ancestry more pure than blood, 990
And counts her seed as sand upon the shore.
Happy is he whose body’s sons proclaim
Their father’s honour, but more blest to whom
The world is dutiful, whose children spring
Out of all nations, and whose pride the proud
Rise to regenerate when they call him sire.
_Ar._ Thus, husband, ever have I bought and buy
Nobleness cheaply being linked with thee.
Forgive my weakness; see, I now am bold;
Tell me the worst, I’ll hear and wish ’twere more.
_In._ Retire--thy tears perchance may stir again.
_Ar._ Nay, I am full of wonder and would hear.
_Pr._ Bid me not tell if ye have fear to hear;
But have no fear. Knowledge of future things 1004
Can nothing change man’s spirit: and though he seem
To aim his passion darkly, like a shaft
Shot toward some fearful sound in thickest night,
He hath an owl’s eye, and must blink at day.
The springs of memory, that feed alike
His thought and action, draw from furthest time
Their constant source, and hardly brook constraint
Of actual circumstance, far less attend
On glassed futurity; nay, death itself,
His fate unquestioned, his foretasted pain,
The certainty foreknown of things unknown,
Cannot discourage his habitual being 1016
In its appointed motions, to make waver
His eager hand, nor loosen the desire
Of the most feeble melancholy heart
Even from the unhopefullest of all her dreams.
_In._ Since then I long to know, now something say
Of what will come to mine when I am gone.
_Pr._ And let the maid too hear, for ’tis of her
I speak, to tell her whither she should turn
The day ye drive her forth from hearth and home.
_In._ What sayst thou? drive her out? and we? from home? 1026
Banish the comfort of our eyes? Nay rather
Believe that these obedient hands will tear
The heart out of my breast, ere it do this.
Pr. When her wild cries arouse the house at night,
And, running to her bed, ye see her set 1031
Upright in trancèd sleep, her starting hair
With deathly sweat bedewed, in horror shaking,
Her eyeballs fixed upon the unbodied dark,
Through which a draping mist of luminous gloom
Drifts from her couch away,--when, if asleep,
She walks as if awake, and if awake
Dreams, and as one who nothing hears or sees,
Lives in a sick and frantic mood, whose cause
She understands not or is loth to tell--
_Ar._ Ah, ah, my child, my child!--Dost thou feel aught? 1041
Speak to me--nay, ’tis nothing--hearken not.
_Pr._ Ye then distraught with sorrow, neither knowing
Whether to save were best or lose, will seek
Apollo’s oracle.
_In._ And what the answer?
Will it discover nought to avert this sorrow?
_Pr._ Or else thy whole race perish root and branch.
_In._ Alas! alas!
_Pr._ Yet shall she live though lost; from human form
Changed, that thou wilt not know thy daughter more.
_In._ Woe, woe! my thought was praying for her death. 1051
_Pr._ In Hera’s temple shall her prison be
At high Mycenæ, till from heaven be sent
Hermes, with song to soothe and sword to slay
The beast whose hundred eyes devour the door.
_In._ Enough, enough is told, unless indeed,
The beast once slain, thou canst restore our child.
_Pr._ Nay, with her freedom will her wanderings
Begin. Come hither, child--nay, let her come:
What words remain to speak will not offend her,
And shall in memory quicken, when she looks
To learn where she should go;--for go she must,
Stung by the venomous fly, whose angry flight
She still will hear about her, till she come 1064
To lay her sevenfold-carried burden down
Upon the Æthiop shore where he shall reign.
_In._ But say--say first, what form--
_Pr._ In snow-white hide
Of those that feel the goad and wear the yoke.
_In._ Round-hoofed, or such as tread with cloven foot?