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T
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U
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Ezra Wells
Gideon Wells
Joseph Wells
Peter Wells
Richard Wells
William Wells
Joseph Welpley
David Welsh
John Welsh
Patrick Wen
Isaac Wendell
Robert Wentworth
Joseph Wessel
William Wessel
John Wessells
Benjamin West
Edward West
Jabez West (3)
Richard West (2)
Samuel Wester
Henry Weston
Simon Weston
William Weston
Philip Westward
Jesse Wetherby
Thomas Whade
John Wharfe
Lloyd Wharton
Michael Whater
Jesse Wheaton
Joseph Wheaton
Henry Wheeler
Michael Wheeler
Morrison Wheeler
William Wheeler (2)
Michael Whelan
Michael Whellan
James Whellan
Jesse Whelton
John Whelton
Horatio Whethase
John Whila
Benjamin Whipple (2)
Samuel Whipple
Stephen Whipple
Christopher Whippley
Benjamin White (2)
Ephraim White
Ichabod White
James White
John White (7)
Lemuel White
Joseph White
Lemuel White
Richard White
Robert White
Sampson White (2)
Samuel White (2)
Thomas White (2)
Timothy White
Watson White
William White (3)
Jacob Whitehead
Enoch Whitehouse
Harmon Whiteman
Luther Whitemore
William Whitepair
Card Way Whithousen
George Whiting (2)
James Whiting
William Whiting
John Whitlock
Joseph Whitlock
William Whitlock
Samuel Whitmolk
George Whitney
Isaac Whitney
James Whitney
John Whitney
Peter Whitney
Joseph Whittaker
Jacob Whittemore
Felix Wibert
Conrad Wickery
Joseph Wickman
Samuel Wickward
Leron Widgon
John Wier (2)
John Wigglesworth
Irwin Wigley
Michael Wiglott
Stephen Wigman
John Wigmore
Edward Wilcox (2)
Isaac Wilcox
Obadiah Wilcox
Pardon Wilcox
Robert Wilderidger
Charles Wilkins
Amos Wilkinson
William Wilkinson
George Willard
John Willard
Julian Willard
John Willeman
Benjamin Willeroon
James Willet
Conway Willhouse
Amos Williams
Barley Williams
Benjamin Williams
Cato Williams
Charles Williams
Dodd Williams
Edward Williams
Ephraim Williams
Ethkin Williams
George Williams (3)
Henry Williams (2)
Isaac Williams (2)
James Williams (4)
Jeffrey Williams
John Williams (9)
Jonathan Williams (2)
Moses Williams
Nathaniel Williams
Nicholas Williams
Peter Williams
Richard Williams
Samuel Williams (2)
William Williams (2)
William Williamson
John Foster Willian
John Williman
Day Willin
Abel Willis
Frederick Willis
John Willis (2)
Jesse Willis
Abraham Williston
Joseph Willman
Abraham Willor
Guy Willoson
Benjamin Willshe
Benjamin Willson
Francis Willson
James Willson (2)
John Willson
Martin Willson
Thomas Willson
Timothy Willson
W. Willson
William Willson
Samuel Wilmarth
Luke Wilmot
Benjamin Wilson (2)
Edward Wilson
George Wilson
John Wilson
Lawrence Wilson
Nathaniel Wilson
Patrick Wilson
William Wilson
George Wiltis
Vinrest Wimondesola
Guilliam Wind
Edward Windgate
Joseph Windsor
Stephen Wing
Jacob Wingman
Samuel Winn
Jacob Winnemore
Seth Winslow
Charles Winter
George Winter
Joseph Winters
David Wire
John Wise
Thomas Witham
John Witherley
Solomon Witherton
William Withpane
William Witless
Robert Wittington
W. Wittle
John Woesin
Henry Woist
Henry Wolf
John Wolf
Simon de Wolf
Stephen de Wolf
Champion Wood
Charles Wood (3)
Daniel Wood (4)
Edward Wood (2)
George Wood
Jabez Wood
John Wood
Jonathan Wood
Joseph Wood (2)
Justus Wood
Matthew Wood
Samuel Wood (2)
William Wood
Herbert Woodbury (3)
Jacob Woodbury
Luke Woodbury
Nathaniel Woodbury
Robert Woodbury
William Woodbury
Thomas Woodfall
David Woodhull
Henry Woodly
Nathaniel Woodman
James Woodson
Joseph Woodward
Gideon Woodwell
Abel Woodworth
Edward Woody
John Woody
Michael Woolock
Michael Woomstead
James Woop
William Wooten
James Worthy
John Wright
Robert Wright
Benjamin Wyatt
John Wyatt (2)
Gordon Wyax
Reuben Wyckoff
William Wyer
Henry Wylie
X
John Xmens
Y
Joseph Yalkington
Joseph Yanger
Joseph Yard
Thomas Yates
Francis Yduchare
Adam Yeager
Jacob Yeason
Jacob Yeaston
Pender Yedrab
George Yoannet
Edward Yorke
Peter Yose
Alexander Young
Archibald Young
Charles Young
George Young
Ichabod Young
Jacob Young
John Young (2)
Marquis Young (2)
Seth Young
William Young
Charles Youngans
Louis Younger
Z
Jean Peter Zamiel
Pierre Zuran
APPENDIX B
THE PRISON SHIP MARTYRS OF THE REVOLUTION, AND AN UNPUBLISHED DIARY OF
ONE OF THEM, WILLIAM SLADE, NEW CANAAN, CONN., LATER OF CORNWALL, VT.
The following extremely interesting article on the prisoners and prison
ships of the Revolution was written by Dr. Longworthy of the United
States Department of agriculture for a patriotic society. Through his
courtesy I am allowed to publish it here. I am sorry I did not receive
it in time to embody it in the first part of this book.
D D
Doubtless all of us are more or less familiar with the prison ship
chapter of Revolutionary history, as this is one of the greatest, if
not the greatest, tragedies of the struggle for independence. At the
beginning of the hostilities the British had in New York Harbor a number
of transports on which cattle and stores had been brought over in 1776.
These vessels lay in Gravesend Bay and later were taken up the East
River and anchored in Wallabout Bay, and to their number were added from
time to time vessels in such condition that they were of no use except
as prisons for American troops The names of many of these infamous ships
have been preserved, the Whitby, the Good Hope, the Hunter, Prince of
Wales, and others, and worst of all, the Jersey.
It was proposed to confine captured American seamen in these ships, but
they also served as prisons for thousands of patriot soldiers taken
in the land engagements in and about New York. The men were crowded in
these small vessels under conditions which pass belief. They suffered
untold misery and died by hundreds from lack of food, from exposure,
smallpox and other dreadful diseases, and from the cruelty of their
captors. The average death rate on the Jersey alone was ten per night. A
conservative estimate places the total number of victims at 11,500. The
dead were carried ashore and thrown into shallow graves or trenches of
sand and these conditions of horror continued from the beginning of the
war until after peace was declared. Few prisoners escaped and not many
were exchanged, for their conditions were such that commanding officers
hesitated to exchange healthy British prisoners in fine condition for
the wasted, worn-out, human wrecks from the prison ships. A very large
proportion of the total number of these prisoners perished. Of the
survivors, many never fully recovered from their sufferings.
In 1808, it was said of the prison ship martyrs: “Dreadful, beyond
description, was the condition of these unfortunate prisoners of war.
Their sufferings and their sorrows were great, and unbounded was their
fortitude. Under every privation and every anguish of life, they firmly
encountered the terrors of death, rather than desert the cause of their
country. * * *
“There was no morsel of wholesome food, nor one drop of pure water. In
these black abodes of wretchedness and woe, the grief worn prisoner lay,
without a bed to rest his weary limbs, without a pillow to support his
aching head--the tattered garment torn from his meager frame, and vermin
preying on his flesh--his food was carrion, and his drink foul as the
bilge water--there was no balm for his wounds, no cordial to revive his
fainting spirits, no friend to comfort his heart, nor the soft hand of
affection to close his dying eyes--heaped amongst the dead, while yet
the spark of life lingered in his frame, and hurried to the grave before
the cold arms of death had embraced him. * * *
“‘But,’ you will ask, ‘was there no relief for these victims of misery?’
No--there was no relief--their astonishing sufferings were concealed
from the view of the world--and it was only from the few witnesses of
the scene who afterwards lived to tell the cruelties they had endured,
that our country became acquainted with their deplorable condition. The
grim sentinels, faithful to their charge as the fiends of the nether
world, barred the doors against the hand of charity, and godlike
benevolence never entered there--compassion had fled from these mansions
of despair, and pity wept over other woes.”
Numerous accounts of survivors of the prison ships have been preserved
and some of them have been published. So great was popular sympathy
for them that immediately after the close of the Revolutionary War an
attempt was made to gather the testimony of the survivors and to provide
a fitting memorial for those who had perished. So far as I have been
able to learn most of the diaries and journals and other testimony
of the prison ship victims relates to the later years of the war and
particularly to the Jersey, the largest, most conspicuous, and most
horrible of all the prison ships.
I have been so fortunate as to have access to a journal or diary kept
by William Slade, of New Canaan, Conn, a young New Englander, who early
responded to the call of his country and was captured by the British in
1776, shortly after his enlistment, and confined on one of the prison
ships, the Grovner (or Grovesner). From internal evidence it would
appear that this was the first or one of the first vessels used for the
purpose and that Slade and the other prisoners with him were the first
of the American soldiers thus confined. At any rate, throughout his
diary he makes no mention of other bands of prisoners in the same
condition The few small pages of this little diary, which was always
kept in the possession of his family until it was deposited in the
Sheldon Museum, of Middlebury, Vt, contain a plain record of every-day
life throughout a period of great suffering. They do not discuss
questions of State and policy, but they do seem to me to bring clearly
before the mind’s eye conditions as they existed, and perhaps more
clearly than elaborate treatises to give a picture of the sufferings of
soldiers and sailors who preferred to endure all privations, hardships,
and death itself rather than to renounce their allegiance to their
country and enlist under the British flag.
The first entry in the Slade diary was made November 16, 1776, and the
last January 28, 1777, so it covers about ten weeks.
The entries were as follows:
Fort Washington the 16th day November A.D. 1776. This day I, William
Slade was taken with 2,800 more. We was allowed honours of War. We then
marched to Harlem under guard, where we were turned into a barn. We
got little rest that night being verry much crowded, as some trouble
[illegible]. * * *
Sunday 17th. Such a Sabbath I never saw. We spent it in sorrow and
hunger, having no mercy showd.
Munday 18th. We were called out while it was still dark, but was soon
marchd to New York, four deep, verry much frownd upon by all we saw. We
was called Yankey Rebbels a going to the gallows. We got to York at
9 o’clock, were paraded, counted off and marched to the North Church,
where we were confind under guard.
Tuesday 19th. Still confind without provisions till almost night, when
we got a little mouldy bisd [biscuit] about four per man. These four
days we spent in hunger and sorrow being derided by everry one and calld
Rebs.
Wednesday, 20th. We was reinforsd by 300 more. We had 500 before. This
causd a continual noise and verry big huddle. Jest at night drawd 6 oz
of pork per man. This we eat alone and raw.
Thursday, 21st. We passd the day in sorrow haveing nothing to eat or
drink but pump water.
Friday, 22nd. We drawd 3/4 lb of pork, 3/4 lb of bisd, one gil of peas,
a little rice and some kittels to cook in. Wet and cold.
Saturday, 23rd. We had camps stews plenty, it being all we had. We had
now spent one week under confinement. Sad condition.
Munday, 25th. We drawd 1/2 lb of pork a man, 3/4 of bisd, a little peas
and rice, and butter now plenty but not of the right kind.
Tuesday, 26th. We spent in cooking for wood was scarce and the church
was verry well broke when done, but verry little to eat.
Wednesday, 27th. Was spent in hunger. We are now dirty as hogs, lying
any and every whare. Joys gone, sorrows increase.
Thursday, 28th. Drawd 2 lbs of bread per man, 3/4 lb of pork. A little
butter, rice and peas. This we cooked and eat with sorrow and sadness.
Friday, 29th. We bussd [busied] ourselves with trifels haveing but
little to do, time spent in vain.
Saturday, 30th. We drawd 1 lb of bread, 1/2 lb of pork, a little butter,
rice and peas. This we eat with sorrow, discouragd.
Sunday, 1st of Decembere 1776. About 300 men was took out and carried on
board the shipping. Sunday spent in vain.
Munday, 2nd. Early in the morning we was calld out and stood in the
cold, about one hour and then marchd to the North River and went on
board The Grovnor transport ship. Their was now 500 men on board, this
made much confusion. We had to go to bed without supper. This night was
verry long, hunger prevaild much. Sorrow more.
Tuesday, 3rd. The whole was made in six men messes. Our mess drawd 4
lb of bisd, 4 oz of butter. Short allow. We now begin to feel like
prisoners.
Wednesday, 4th. We drawd 4 lb of bisd. After noon drawd 2 quarts of peas
and broth without salt, verry weak.
Thursday, 5th. We drawd 4 lb of bisd at noon, a little meat at night.
Some pea broth, about one mouthful per man. We now feel like prisoners.
Friday, 6th. of Decr. 1776. We drawd 1/2 of bisd, 4 oz of butter at noon
and 2 quarts of provinder. Called burgo, poor stuff indeed.
Saturday, 7th. We drawd 4 lb of bisd at noon, a piece of meat and rice.
This day drawd 2 bisd per man for back allowance (viz) for last Saturday
at the church. This day the ships crew weighd anchor and fell down the
river below Govnors Island and saild up the East River to Turcle Bay
[Turtle Bay is at the foot of 23rd street], and cast anchor for winter
months.
Sunday, 8th. This day we were almost discouraged, but considered that
would not do. Cast off such thoughts. We drawd our bread and eat with
sadness. At noon drawd meat and peas. We spent the day reading and in
meditation, hopeing for good news.
Munday, 9th. We drawd bisd and butter at noon, burgo [a kind of porrige]
the poorest trade ever man eat. Not so good as provinder or swill.
Tuesday, 10th. We drawd bisd at noon, a little meat and rice. Good news.
We hear we are to be exchangd soon. Corpl. Hawl verry bad with small
pox.
Wednesday, 11th. We drawd bisd. Last night Corpl Hawl died and this
morning is buryd. At noon drawd peas, I mean broth. Still in hopes.
Thursday, 12th. We drawd bisd. This morning is the first time we see
snow. At noon drawd a little meat and pea broth. Verry thin. We almost
despair of being exchangd.
Friday, 13th of Decr. 1776. We drawd bisd and butter. A little water
broth. We now see nothing but the mercy of God to intercede for us.
Sorrowful times, all faces look pale, discouraged, discouraged.
Saturday, 14th. We drawd bisd, times look dark. Deaths prevail among us,
also hunger and naked. We almost conclude (that we will have) to stay
all winter At noon drawd meat and rice. Cold increases. At night suffer
with cold and hunger. Nights verry long and tiresome, weakness prevails.
Sunday, 15th. Drawd bisd, paleness attends all faces, the melancholyst
day I ever saw. At noon drawd meat and peas. Sunday gone and comfort. As
sorrowfull times as I ever saw.
Munday, 16th of Decr. 1776. Drawd bisd and butter at noon. *Burgo poor.
Sorrow increases. The tender mercys of men are cruelty.
Tuesday, 17th. Drawd bisd. At noon meat and rice No fire. Suffer with
cold and hunger. We are treated worse than cattle and hogs.
Wednesday, 18th. Drawd bisd and butter. At noon peas. I went and got a
bole of peas for 4. Cole increases Hunger prevails. Sorrow comes on.
Thursday, 19th., Drawd bisd the ship halld in for winter quarters. At
noon drawd meat and peas. People grow sick verry fast. Prisoners verry
much frownd upon by all
Friday, 20th. of Decr. 1776. Drawd bisd and butter this morn. Snow and
cold. 2 persons dead on deck. Last night verry long and tiresom. At noon
drawd burgo Prisoners hang their heads and look pale. No comfort. All
sorrow.
Saturday, 31st. Drawd bisd. Last night one of our regt got on shore but
got catched. Troubles come on comfort gone. At noon drawd meat and rice.
Verry cold Soldiers and sailors verry cross. Such melancholy times I
never saw.
Sunday, 22nd. Last night nothing but grones all night of sick and dying.
Men amazeing to behold. Such hardness, sickness prevails fast. Deaths
multiply. Drawd bisd. At noon meat and peas. Weather cold. Sunday gone
and no comfort. Had nothing but sorrow and sadness. All faces sad.
Munday, 23rd. Drawd bisd and butter. This morning Sergt Kieth, Job March
and several others broke out with the small pox. About 20 gone from here
today that listed in the king’s service. Times look verry dark. But
we are in hopes of an exchange. One dies almost every day. Cold but
pleasant. Burgo for dinner. People gone bad with the pox.
Tuesday, 24th. Last night verry long and tiresom. Bisd. At noon rice and
cornmeal. About 30 sick. (They) Were carried to town. Cold but pleasant.
No news. All faces gro pale and sad.
Wednesday, 25th. Lastnight was a sorrowful night. Nothing but grones
and cries all night. Drawd bisd and butter. At noon peas. Capt Benedict,
Leiut Clark and Ensn Smith come on board and brought money for the
prisoners. Sad times.
Thursday, 26th. Last night was spent in dying grones and cries. I now
gro poorly. Terrible storm as ever I saw. High wind. Drawd bisd. At noon
meat and peas. Verry cold and stormey.
Friday, 27th. Three men of our battalion died last night. The most
malencholyest night I ever saw. Small pox increases fast. This day I was
blooded. Drawd bisd and butter. Stomach all gone. At noon, burgo. Basset
is verry sick. Not like to live I think.
Saturday 28th. Drawd bisd. This morning about 10 cl Josiah Basset died.
Ensn Smith come here about noon with orders to take me a shore. We got
to shore about sunset. I now feel glad. Coffee and bread and cheese.
Sunday, 29th. Cof. and bread and cheese. This day washed my blanket and
bkd my cloathes. The small pox now begins to come out.
Munday, 30th. Nothing but bread to eat and coffee to drink. This day got
a glass of wine and drinkd. Got some gingerbread and appels to eat.
Tuesday, 31st. Nothing good for breakt. At noon verry good. I grow
something poorly all day. No fire and tis cold. Pox comes out verry full
for the time. The folks being gone I went into another house and got the
man of the same to go and call my brother. When he came he said I wanted
looking after. The man concluded to let me stay at his house.
Wednesday 1st of Jany 1777. Pox come out almost full. About this time
Job March and Daniel Smith died with the small pox.
Thursday, 2nd. Ensn Smith lookd about and got something to ly on and
in. A good deal poorly, but I endeavourd to keep up a good heart,
considering that I should have it (the small pox) light for it was verry
thin and almost full.
Friday 3d. This morning the pox looks black in my face. This day Robert
Arnold and Joshua Hurd died with the small pox. This day Ensn Smith
got liberty to go home next morning, but omitted going till Sunday on
account of the prisoners going home.
Saturday, 4th. Felt more poor than common. This day the prisoners come
on shore so many as was able to travel which was not near all.
Sunday, 5th. This morning Ensn Smith and about 150 prisoners were set
out for home. The prisoners lookd verry thin and poor.
Monday 6th. Pox turnd a good deal but I was very poorly, eat but litte.
Drink much. Something vapery. Coughd all night.
Tuesday 7th. Nothing reml [remarkable] to write. No stomach to eat at
all. Got some bacon.
Wednesday, 8th. Feel better. This day I went out of doors twice. Nothing
remarkl to write.
Thursday, 9th. Tryd to git some salts to take but could not. Begin to
eat a little better.
Friday, 10th. Took a portion of salts. Eat water porrage. Gain in
strength fast.
Saturday, 11th. Walk out. Went and see our Connecticut officers. Travld
round. Felt a good deal better.
Sunday, 12th. Went and bought a pint of milk for bread. Verry good
dinner. Gain strength fast. Verry fine weather Went and see the
small-pox men and Samll.
Munday, 13th. Feel better. Went and see the officer. Talk about going
home.
Tuesday, 14th. Went to Fulton market and spent seven coppers for cakes.
Eat them up. Washd my blanket.
Wednesday 15. Cleand up all my cloathes. Left Mr. Fenixes and went to
the widow Schuylers. Board myself.
Thursday, 16th. Went to Commesary Loring. Have incouragement of going
home. Signd the parole.
Friday, 17th. In expectation of going out a Sunday. Verry cold. Buy milk
and make milk porrage. Verry good liveing. Had my dinner give.
Saturday, 18t. Verry cold. Went to see Katy and got my dinner. Went to
Mr. Loring. Some encouragement of going hom a Munday, to have an answer
tomorrow morning. Bought suppawn (some corn?) meal and Yankey.
Sunday, 19th. Went to Mr. Lorings. He sd we should go out in 2 or
3 days. The reason of not going out now is they are a fighting at
Kingsbridge. Went to Phenixes and got my dinner. Almost discouraged
about going home. To have answer tomorrow.
Munday, 20th. Nothing remarkable. Mr. Loring sd we should have an answer
tomorrow. An old story.
Tuesday, 21st. Still follow going to Mr. Lorings. No success. He keeps a
saying come tomorrow. Nothing remarkable.
Wednesday, 22. Mr. Loring says we should have a guard tomorrow, but it
fell through. The word is we shall go out in 2 or 3 days.
Thursday, 23d. Nothing remarkl. Almost conclude to stay all winter.
Friday, 24th. Encouragement. Mr. Loring say that we shall go tomorrow.
We must parade at his quaters tomorrow by 8 oclok.
Saturday, 25th. We paraded at Mr. Lorings by 8 or 9 oclk. Marchd off
about 10 oclk. Marchd about 6 miles and the officers got a waggon and
4 or 5 of us rid about 4 miles, then travl’d about 1-1/2, then the offr
got a waggon and broght us to the lines. We were blindfolded when we
come by Fort Independency. Come about 4/5 of a mile whare we stay all
night. Lay on the floor in our cloathes but little rest.
Sunday, 26th. We marchd by sun rise. March but 8 miles whare we got
supper and lodging on free cost. This day gave 18 pence for breekft, 19
pence for dinner.
Munday, 27th. Marchd 2 miles. Got breekft cost 19 pence. Travld 2 or 3
miles and a waggon overtook us a going to Stamford. We now got chance
to ride. Our dinner cost 11 count lawful. About 3 oclok met with Capt
Hinmans company. See Judea folks and heard from home. This day come 13
miles to Horse neck. Supper cost 16. Lodging free.
Tuesday, 28th. Breekft cost 11. Rode to Stamford. Dinner 16. Travld 3
miles, supr and lodg free.
Here the diary ends when Slade was within a few miles of his home at New
Canaan, Conn., which he reached next day.
* * * * *
Perhaps a few words of his future life are not without interest. He was
one of the early settlers who went from Connecticut to Vermont and made
a home in what was then a frontier settlement. He lived and died at
Cornwall, Vt., and was successful and respected in the community.
From 1801 to 1810 he was sheriff of Addison County. Of his sons, one,
William, was especially conspicuous among the men of his generation for
his abilities and attainments. After graduation from Middlebury College
in 1810, he studied law, was admitted to the bar, and filled many
offices in his town and county. After some business reverses he secured
a position in the State Department in Washington in 1821. He was on the
wrong side politically in General Jackson’s campaign for the presidency,
being like most Vermonters a supporter of John Quincy Adams. Some time
after Jackson’s inauguration, Slade was removed from his position in
the State Department and this so incensed his friends in Vermont that
as soon as a vacancy arose he was elected as Representative to Congress,
where he remained from 1831 to 1843. On his return from Washington he
was elected Governor of Vermont in 1844, and in his later years was
corresponding secretary and general agent of the Board of National
and Popular Education, for which he did most valuable work. He was a
distinguished speaker and an author of note, his Vermont State Papers
being still a standard reference work.
To revert to the prison ship martyrs, their suffering was so great and
their bravery so conspicuous that immediately after the War a popular
attempt was made in 1792 and 1798 to provide a proper resting place
for the bones of the victims, which were scattered in the sands about
Wallabout Bay. This effort did not progress very rapidly and it was
not until the matter was taken up by the Tammany Society that anything
definite was really accomplished. Owing to the efforts of this
organization a vault covered by a small building was erected in 1808
and the bones were collected and placed in the vault in thirteen large
coffins, one for each of the thirteen colonies, the interment being
accompanied by imposing ceremonies. In time the vault was neglected, and
it was preserved only by the efforts of a survivor, Benjamin Romaine,
who bought the plot of ground on which the monument stood, when it was
sold for taxes, and preserved it. He died at an advanced age and was, by
his own request, buried in the vault with these Revolutionary heroes.
Early in the last century an attempt was made to interest Congress in
a project to erect a suitable monument for the prison ship martyrs
but without success. The project has, however, never been abandoned
by patriotic and public spirited citizens and the Prison Ship Martyrs’
Society of the present time is a lineal descendant in spirit and purpose
of the Tammany Club effort, which first honored these Revolutionary
heroes. The efforts of the Prison Ship Martyrs’ Association have proved
successful and a beautiful monument, designed by Stanford White, will
soon mark the resting place of these prison ship martyrs.
APPENDIX C
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The writer of this volume has been very much assisted in her task by Mr.
Frank Moore’s Diary of the Revolution, a collection of extracts from the
periodicals of the day. This valuable compilation has saved much time
and trouble. Other books that have been useful are the following.
Adventures of Christopher Hawkins.
Adventures of Ebenezer Fox. Published in Boston, by Charles Fox, in
1848.
History of Brooklyn by Stiles.
Bolton’s Private Soldier of the Revolution.
Bigelow’s Life of B. Franklin, vol II, pages 403 to 411.
Account of Interment of Remains of American Prisoners. Reprint, by Rev.
Henry R. Stiles.
Elias Boudinot’s Journal and Historical Recollections.
Watson’s Annals.
Thomas Dring’s Recollections of the Jersey Prison Ship, re-edited by H.
B. Dawson, 1865.
Thomas Andros’s Old Jersey Captive, Boston, 1833.
Lossing’s Field Book of the Revolution.
Memoirs of Ethan Allen, written by himself.
Journal of Dr. Elias Cornelius.
Dunlap’s New York.
Narrative of Nathaniel Fanning.
Narrative of Jabez Fitch.
Valentine’s Manual of New York.
The Old Martyrs’ Prison. A pamphlet.
Jones’s New York.
Poems of Philip Freneau.
Prison Ship Martyrs, by Rev. Henry R. Stiles.
A Relic of the Revolution, by Rev. R. Livesey, Published by G. C. Rand,
Boston, 1854.
Memoirs of Alexander Graydon.
Memoir of Eli Bickford.
Martyrs of the Revolution, by George Taylor, 1820.
Memoirs of Andrew Sherburne.
Mrs. Ellet’s Domestic History of the Revolution, pages 106-116.
Irving’s Life of Washington, vol. III, p. 19.
Experiences of Levi Handford. C. I. Bushnell, New York, 1863.
Onderdonk’s Suffolk and King’s Counties, New York.
Philbrook’s Narrative in Rhode Island Historical Society’s Proceedings,
1874 and 1875.
Harper’s Monthly, vol. XXXVII.
Historical Magazine, vol. VI, p. 147.
Mrs. Lamb’s New York.
Jeremiah Johnson’s Recollections of Brooklyn and New York.
Life of Silas Talbot, by Tuckerman.
Ramsey’s History of the Revolution, vol. II, p. 9.
Narrative of John Blatchford, edited by Charles I, Bushnell, 1865.
Irish-American Hist. Miscellany, published by the author, 1906, by Mr.
John D. Crimmins.