Mr. Philip A. Nolan, General Secretary of the Catholic Total Abstinence
Union of America, writes: "Within a month we may expect the promulgation
of the Decrees of the Baltimore Council, when it is the purpose of the
Executive Council to inaugurate such a crusade in America that before
long will sweep like the mighty armies of old across the entire
continent and be felt in the remotest parishes." Mr. Nolan is an
enthusiast in the cause of cold water, says _The Catholic Columbian_.
A Touching Custom prevails in many of the parishes of Normandy, where
the adult male population are for the most part engaged in the vocation
of fishing. When, as at certain seasons of the year, these poor
fishermen are far away from their homes, and unable to assist at Mass on
Sundays, each one's family has a candle burning in the church before the
statue of Our Lady, Star of the Sea. These candles represent the
husbands, sons, and fathers who at that moment are braving the terrors
of the deep, and the flame of each burning offering is the hymn and
prayer to Heaven on the part of the absent one.
_Catholic Columbian_:--It is something for us to be proud of that in
this great State of Ohio, where we form so small a minority of the
people, two of the members of the present Legislature chosen to receive
its honors are Catholics and Irishmen. In the organization of the House,
Hon. Daniel J. Ryan, of Scioto, was made President pro tem., and to the
same position in the Senate Hon. John O'Neill, of Muskingum, was called
by the voice of his party associates. May they both live to be
Governors!
LITTLE COMPANY OF MARY.--During his recent visit to Rome the
Cardinal-Archbishop of Sydney made the acquaintance of the Rev.
Mother-General of the Society of the Little Company of Mary, and also
had numerous opportunities of witnessing the good done by the sisters in
nursing the sick in their own homes; and his Eminence was so much
impressed by their work, that he applied to the Superioress for some
sisters to accompany him to Australia to carry on the work there, with
the result that six sisters are now in the diocese of Sydney. The
sisters have lost no time in commencing their good work, and they
announce that they are now fully prepared to receive invitations to
nurse the sick without distinction of creed, at their own residences in
any part of the city or suburbs. It is the rule of the sisters to remain
in constant charge of the patients in every kind of illness.
AMERICAN RENT PAYERS.--The _National Republican_, Washington, D. C., of
January 5, makes the following uncomfortable statement: "The generally
prevalent impression is that the farming of this country is really
carried on by farmers, who, in great measure, are the owners of the
farms they till. On the contrary, Mr. Thomas P. Gill, in the _North
American Review_, points out that at the census of 1880 there were found
to be 1,024,601 farms rented by tenants in the United States, and he
claims that in the five years since this census was taken the number of
tenant holdings has increased 25 per cent. raising the number of tenant
holdings at present in the United States to 1,250,000. In England,
Ireland, Scotland and Wales at the present day the total number of
tenant farmers is 1,069,127. So the United States contains 250,000 more
tenant farmers to-day than the three kingdoms and the principality
together. These statements are not radiantly cheerful. Our country is
being Europeanized at an uncomfortably rapid rate."
THE CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES. Archbishops, 12; bishops, 62; priests,
7,296; ecclesiastical students, 1,621, of which the largest number, 335,
belong to the archdiocese of Milwaukee; churches, 6,755; chapels, 1,071;
stations, 1,733; diocesan seminaries and houses of study for regulars,
36; colleges, 85; Baltimore having the largest number, 8; academies,
618; New York having the largest number, 34; parochial schools, 2,621,
attended by 492,949 pupils; charitable institutions, 449.
GOOD FOR AN M. P.--The trustees of the fund subscribed to indemnify
William O'Brien, M. P., editor of Dublin _United Ireland_, against the
losses he sustained in the famous Bolton, French and Cornwall libel
suits, have published a balance sheet, which shows that the total amount
of the subscriptions received was L7,619. Of this L6,495 odd was
expended directly in litigation, and L98 went for miscellaneous expenses
and advertising. The balance of L1,025 was handed over by Mr. O'Brien,
for distribution among the poor of Mallow.
His Holiness the Pope has conferred on Prince Bismarck the ancient
Portuguese Order of Christ, which was founded by King Denis of Portugal
in 1317, and adopted by King John XXII. three years later. The
decoration, which is only conferred upon the most distinguished and
exalted persons, was accompanied by an autograph letter from his
Holiness.
Mr. Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, who, as a Conservative Catholic contested
North Camberwell at the recent Parliamentary election, in a forcible
letter to the _London Times_ gives his views on the Irish question. He
holds that there is no middle course now between Home Rule and martial
law, between Mr. Parnell Prime Minister at Dublin and Mr. Parnell a
traitor in the tower. And how long, he asks, would the country support a
policy of blood and iron? Would even the Whigs go through with it for
two sessions? I say no. One party or other would rebel, and we should
in the end be forced to give in shame what we could now give in honor.
CHURCH FREED OF DEBT.--The congregation of St. Ann's Church, Gloucester,
Mass., was informed by the priest in charge, the Rev. J. J. Healy, that
the church is now free of all indebtedness. The building was completed
in 1876 with the exception of the spire, which was added during the
summer of 1884. The church is built of granite, with a seating capacity
of about one thousand, and is valued at $100,000. The church will be
consecrated in July.
ST. PATRICK'S DAY IN BOSTON.--The Irish societies of Boston held a
meeting to decide the manner in which St. Patrick's Day should be
celebrated in this city. Fourteen societies, represented by sixty-two
delegates, were in attendance. President Edward Riley presided. The
motion made at a previous meeting to invite Dr. Croke, Archbishop of
Cashel, to lecture, in preference to having a street parade, was adopted
by a vote of thirty-eight to six, and the convention adjoined, subject
to the call of officers. Most Rev. Dr. Croke sent a despatch saying it
was impossible for him to accept the invitation.
HOME.--The annual meeting of the directors of the Home for Destitute
Catholic Children on Harrison Av., was held on the evening of the 14th
of January. During the past year 414 children were admitted into the
Home. Three died, two absconded, 401 were placed in families, and 186
boys and girls remain in the Home. Since the Home was organized it has
received and provided for the large number of 6,364 poor children. The
officers of the corporation elected for the present year are: John B.
O'Brien, President; Charles F. Donnelly, Vice-President; P. F. Sullivan,
Treasurer; James Havey, Secretary; James W. Dunphy, John W. McDonald,
and John Miller, Executive Committee.
ADVICE TO YOUNG WOMEN.--A writer in a household periodical recommends
washing dishes as the best thing to put the hands in the soft and
pliable condition most favorable to piano practice. Mothers should give
this recipe a good long trial on their girls who assault the keyboard,
but shun the dish pan.
_Lake Shore Visitor_: Ambition, as it is now understood, is not made of
very stern stuff. There are men regarded as ambitious, who are puffed up
with vanity, and who look upon themselves as very important. Death would
make such men an irreparable loss to themselves, but not much of a loss
to any one or anything else.
A YEAR OF JUBILEE.--We give elsewhere the Encyclical of Our Holy Father
the Pope, proclaiming an Extraordinary Jubilee. The translation is made
by Rev. Dr. Mahar, for the _Catholic Universe_, Cleveland, O.
March is the month of St. Patrick. On the 17th, the children of Ireland,
wherever located, celebrate the day. Their hearts revert back to the
dear old land of their birth and the happy days of their childhood.
"The lilies and roses abandon the plain;
Tho' the summer's gone by, yet the shamrock remains,
Like a friend in misfortune, it blooms o'er the snow;
Oh, my heart's in old Ireland wherever I go."
Hon. John Finnerty in a recent utterance said, after he had read the
Queen's speech, "The Irish people must make up their minds to meet the
English with a courage displayed by the American colonists in dealing
with the Queen's grandfather, George the Third. The Queen of England has
a personal grudge against Ireland because Dublin refused a site for the
statue of her husband, who once said of the Irish that they ought to
live on grass."
The first Hungarian Catholic church erected in America was recently
dedicated at Hazleton, Pa., by the Rt. Rev. Bishop O'Hara, of Scranton,
same State.
GRAND ARMY RECORD.--This is the name of an eight-page paper issued by
Thomas Keefe, at 31 Cornhill, Boston. As its name indicates, it is
devoted to the interests of the Grand Army of the Republic, all soldiers
and sailors of the late war, sons of veterans and the women's relief
corps. The price is only $1 a year.
NEWLY ARRIVED EMIGRANTS.--The Rev. John J. Riordan's efforts at forming
a home, employment, and inquiry bureau, to benefit friendless and poor
Irish immigrant girls and women, have met with wonderful success.
Matron Boyle moved from 7 Broadway, where the Mission of the Rosary was
started less than two years ago, to the home at 7 State Street, New
York, purchased for $75,000 by Father Riordan. This property consists of
a building and lot facing the Battery. On it Father Riordan expects
eventually to erect a chapel, mission and home. The money thus far
raised has come from 25-cent annual subscriptions.
John Kelly, the politician, is seriously ill at his residence in New
York.
Oliver Wendell Holmes attributes his years and good health to an early
morning walk or horseback ride before breakfast. He was naturally of a
delicate constitution, and when he married Doctor Jackson's daughter the
father-in-law said to him: "If you have the necessary physique to stand
horseback riding, do it: if not, take an early walk each day." He
scrupulously followed the advice.
Lord Erskine, while going circuit, was asked by the landlord of his
hotel how he slept. He replied dogmatically: "Union is strength, a fact
of which some of your inmates appear to be unaware; for had they been
unanimous last night they could easily have pushed me out of
bed."--"Fleas?" the landlord exclaimed, affecting great astonishment. "I
was not aware that I had a single flea in my house."--"I don't believe
you have," retorted his lordship, "they are all married, I think, and
have uncommonly large families."
JUBILEE YEAR.--See Encyclical of our Holy Father the Pope. Let every
Catholic in the land peruse it.
The Boards of Guardians throughout Ireland have resolutely set
themselves to the task of erecting laborers' cottages under the Laborers
Act. Here and there some of the landlords are obstructing the
performance of this good work, especially by resisting the extension of
taxation for the purpose over the unions at large. But the days of the
landlord's power on boards of guardians are very nearly at an end, and
they are fast retreating before the determined attitude of the national
guardians and the laborers, who are strenuously supported by the
organized public opinion of the country as expressed through the various
branches of the National League.
Farmers in Wales are now demanding a permanent reduction of twenty-five
per cent. in rents, fixity of tenure and compensation for making
improvements on their holdings. This is considerably in advance of what
the Irish farmers asked when they began their Land League movement; yet
they were denounced as plunderers by English writers who now say the
Welsh must get what they claim.
HELP THE PRISONERS.--Father Kehoe of St. Joseph's Cathedral, Columbus,
Ohio, who has charge of the Ohio State Penitentiary, appeals through the
_Columbian_ to those blessed with the means to send him some assistance,
be it ever so trifling, towards securing a better provision for the
religious interests of the Catholic prisoners in that institution. There
is surely no better way in which people can show proofs of their
benevolence in a good work, and none in which their charity is sure of
being more fruitfully exercised. The demands are more than ordinarily
urgent just now, and the Chaplain appeals with confidence to the people
and to Catholic publishers for their practical sympathy. He has the
consent and authorization of the Right Rev. Bishop of the diocese to
this course of procedure. Good books on any subject, pamphlets,
magazines, papers, etc., would be welcome additions to the Catholic
Prisoners' Library, which has been already established by the zeal of
former chaplains and by the generosity of subscribers. At present the
particular need is for prayer books or for funds that will enable Father
Kehoe to purchase a sufficient supply of these and other religious
articles. Donations of beads, scapulars, etc., would be most thankfully
received.
The new boot and shoe store of Brennan & Co., 21 Tremont Street, and 851
Washington Street, Boston, announce a mark-down sale that merits
attention. For one month, they offer to sell all goods at 20 per cent.
discount from market rates. As the goods are of recent manufacture, and
therefore stylish and new, the sale is a _bona-fide_ one, and one where
bargains may be looked for.
OUR MAGAZINE.--Baltimore _Catholic Mirror_: DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE (Boston)
has occupied a field exclusive to itself from the start--it is the
popular magazine for the Catholic masses. It is not like those flimsy
ventures which, under the title of "popular," get the people's money
without giving them adequate returns. On the contrary, it is ample in
scope, and its well-stored pages are carefully selected by its veteran
editor. The leading article in its January issue is that on Cardinal
McCloskey, by John Gilmary Shea.
A Belfast paper says: "As regards opposition from the minority in
Ulster, it will soon subside. An Irish Parliament, once established,
will have no warmer supporters than Protestants of the North." The
Orangemen are but a small fraction of the Protestants of that part of
Ireland.
A BAD OUTLOOK.--At the present time there are in London about one
hundred and fifty thousand persons in want and penury. There are nearly
forty thousand men out of employment, and some ten thousand persons are
sunk so low, physically and mentally, that many of them are in dire
necessity, and were it not for the timely aid of the charitable, their
hard fate would soon increase the number of those who die from
starvation in the streets of the richest city in the world.
SMOTHERING CHILDREN.--In a recent inquest in London a physician
testified that the practice to which young mothers are addicted, of
lying over their infants at night, caused the death of about five
hundred children a year in London alone.
MUNSTER BANK.--Two of the directors of the late "Munster," have appeared
in the Bankruptcy Court:--William Shaw, whose indebtedness to the bank
is stated to amount to over L129,000; and Nicholas Dan Murphy, indebted
in the sum of over L24,000. A manager, other than Mr. Farquharson, who,
by the way, is _not_ dead, will probably find himself in the hands of
the liquidators before long.
TOBACCO.--The "paternal" government of Ireland prohibits the raising of
tobacco. Mr. Thomas Power O'Connor, Nationalist Member for Liverpool,
gave notice that he would introduce a bill to repeal the prohibition of
the cultivation of tobacco in Ireland.
Father Burke was often heard to say that he could never speak at home as
in America. "I never knew what freedom was," he declared, "until I set
foot on the emancipated soil of Columbia. Then I said, 'I am a free man,
and I will speak my soul.'"
President Cleveland has signed the Presidential Succession bill. The law
now lodges the presidential succession in the cabinet, and puts seven
men in the line of eligibility for the place. It so happens that all of
the present cabinet are Americans by birth, and over thirty-five years
of age.
The returns from the late ball of the Charitable Irish Society is
estimated to be about $800. At this rate it will take a long time to
build that hall.
The Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster has written to Rome in favor of
the canonization of Joan of Arc.
Says our esteemed contemporary, the _Catholic Record_, of London,
Ontario:--"The number of Catholics in the new British Parliament is 76,
the greatest since Emancipation. They are all Irishmen. The Anti-Irish
English "Cawtholics" could not elect a man in their own country to the
office of pound-keeper without the aid of the Irish whom they affect to
despise."
The California millionnaires set an example in charity that might well
be imitated by their Eastern contemporaries. At Christmas James C. Flood
donated $1,000 to the Catholic Orphan Asylum of San Francisco, and
$1,000 to the Catholic Orphan Asylum of San Rafael, Cal., and $500 to
the Magdalen Asylum, San Francisco. James Mervyn Donahoe donated $100
apiece to the Catholic Orphan Asylum, Presentation Convent, and Youth's
Directory, all of San Francisco. Mrs. Maria Coleman $1,600 to the San
Francisco Catholic Orphan Asylum. A magnificent altar, composed of
Carrara marble and onyx, costing $5,000, has just been completed in St.
Joseph's Church, San Jose, Cal. It is the gift of Mrs. Catherine Dunne.
COLUMBUS.--It is announced from Corsica that the preparations for the
celebration of the fourth centenary of Christopher Columbus are far
advanced. The principal display will be made at Calvi. The latest works
of the Abbe Casanova, establish beyond doubt the fact that it was here
the illustrious navigator was born, and this opinion is shared by the
majority of Italian historians. The United States propose to take a
special part in the ceremonies, and it is expected that by a special
decree on that occasion the Corsicans will be declared American
citizens.
Father Burke had an ardent admiration for Cardinal Manning, saying on
one occasion that he was the greatest cardinal living in the church at
this day, dwelling on his activity, accomplishments, and readiness on
all public occasions; and also his capacity for every work to which he
turned his attention.
The Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus was celebrated at the Cathedral of
the Holy Cross, Boston, on the 17th of January, by the society of that
name. After the usual exercises, Rev. Father Bodfish, the director, gave
a brief review of the past year, and exhorted the members to persevere
in the good work which characterized its members. This is an excellent
society, and we would advise all, both young and old, to join it. Its
grand object is the discountenance of blasphemy, impurity and all the
vices to which poor human nature are addicted. The officers for the year
1886 are: Rev. Father Bodfish, director; Patrick Donahoe, president;
William Connolly, Treasurer; Andrew P. Lane, Secretary.
A London correspondent of the Dublin _Evening Mail_, writes of Mr.
Parnell:--"A friend tells me that one of the prettiest sights on the
Hastings promenade on Christmas Day was the Irish chief gamboling with
two little girls. One would have thought from his appearance that he had
no thought of a Constitutional crisis. His face 'sicklied o'er with the
pale cast of thought,' he seemed more like a modest usher of a school
frolicking with his master's children than the moving spirit of a
National rebellion."
Joseph Milmore, a well-known sculptor of Boston, died recently at
Geneva, Switzerland, whither he had gone for his health. He belonged to
a family of sculptors, the most distinguished of whom was Martin M.
Milmore, who died some three years ago. Joseph was engaged with his
brother Martin in many important works. Joseph Milmore was born in
Sligo, Ireland, and came to Boston when hardly more than a babe. At the
close of his school-life he became an apprentice to a cabinet-maker.
Later he engaged in marble cutting, and developed his taste for
sculptural work. His last work of consequence was on the statue of
Daniel Webster, at Concord, N. H.
The following Irish members returned to the new Parliament have declared
themselves in favor of women's suffrage, according to a list in the
_Women's Suffrage Journal_:--Joe Biggar, Cavan, West; Sir T. Esmonde,
Dublin County, South; E. D. Gray, Dublin City, St. Stephen's Green; T.
M. Healy, Monaghan, North; Londonderry, South; R. Lalor, Queen's County,
Leix; J. Leahy, Kildare, South; E. Leamy, Cork, North-East; J. McCarthy,
Longford, North; Sir J. McKenna, Monaghan, South; B. C. Molloy, King's
County, Birr; J. P. Nolan, Galway, North; W. O'Brien, Tyrone, South; A.
O'Connor, Donegal, East; T. P. O'Connor, Liverpool, Scotland, W. Galway
City; C. S. Parnell, Cork City; R. Power, Waterford City; J. E. Redmond,
Wexford, North; W. Redmond, Fermanagh, North; T. D. Sullivan, Dublin
City, College Green.
The Tory Ministry was defeated in England by a resolution offered by
Jesse Collings, an English reformer, the nature of which was, that a
certain amount of land should be set apart for the use of agricultural
laborers. On this minor English measure, the Salisbury government was
ingloriously defeated by a vote of 329 to 250. The Irish eighty-six
voted against the Tories, and thus ends this last attempt at coercion.
As Mr. Sexton said in his great speech, "Mr. Parnell was too old a
parliamentary bird to be caught with such thinly spread chaff as that."
Probably the Tories will adopt obstructive tactics. They hope, by
encouraging the Irish landlords to carry out ruthlessly wholesale
evictions, to provoke disorder and crime in Ireland, with a view to
compel Mr. Gladstone to revert to coercion, and so bring about a
conflict between the Liberals and the Irish party. This shameful scheme
will probably fail. The Parnellites will make vigorous efforts to
prevent disorder in Ireland, in order to give Mr. Gladstone a fair
chance.
Mr. Gladstone sees how the wind is veering, and begins to trim his
sails. He announces to his tenants reductions in their rent, varying
from twenty to thirty per cent. It is an ominous incident. Evidently,
the "Grand Old Man" is preparing to take off his coat to deal with the
land question, as well as with Home Rule.
The _Dublin Freeman's Journal_ says: The Queen's speech, opening
Parliament, was an opportune attempt to please both the Irish parties.
It has a tendency to propitiate the stronger party and disappoint the
Loyalists or Orangemen.
Justin McCarthy, M. P., says: It is out of the question for Mr. Parnell
to take a seat in the Gladstone cabinet. The conditions to be accepted
by the one could not be offered by the other. The Irish National members
regard the whole situation as satisfactory, and are convinced, that, no
matter who comes in, or who stays out, Home Rule is certain.
THE CUNARD LINE.--After the 17th of April, the Cunard Steamers will sail
weekly from Boston, on Wednesdays, in place of Saturdays as formerly.
The company have placed their best steamers on the Boston service,--the
OREGON, GALLIA, BOTHNIA, and SCYTHIA. With this fleet, Boston is the
place to get the most rapid passage between America and Europe. The
_Oregon_ is already favorably known to the travelling public for the
superiority attained in speed, and when running to or from Boston, will
certainly cross the ocean in six days. The _Oregon_, on her last trip
from New York to Queenstown, made the run in six days and seventeen
hours.
HOLYDAYS OF OBLIGATION.--According to the request of the Fathers of the
late Council of Baltimore, the Holy Father has intimated by letter to
the American Episcopate that the number of holydays of obligation, to be
observed by all Catholics in this country, has been reduced to the
following six, viz., Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin,
Nativity of our Lord, Ascension of our Lord, Circumcision of Our Lord,
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, and the Feast of All Saints. The
Feasts of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin, Epiphany, and Corpus
Christi, as festivals of obligation, have been abrogated; but the
solemnity of the last-named feast the Holy Father desires to be
celebrated on the Sunday within its octave. This arrangement of feasts
makes the practice of their observance a general one. The days named are
of obligation in every diocese, and now every diocese has six holydays;
formerly, many had as many as nine. By lessening the number the Holy
Father made it certainly more easy for the laborer, who felt that he
could but poorly afford to observe the day, as his earnings were about
all he had.
CARDINALS.--_Lake Shore Visitor_: Just now we are having a few newspaper
Cardinals. Baltimore, Boston, and New York want the honor, and the
papers seem to think that there should be a proper selection made on the
part of the Holy Father. Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, and several
other small places have not been heard from yet. This country could
supply on newspaper more than enough of Cardinals. The Americans are by
no means greedy.
The lecture of Hon. A. M. Keiley, at the Boston Theatre, on Sunday
evening, January 31, in aid of the House of the Good Shepherd, netted
the handsome sum of over seven hundred dollars.
Vick's Floral Guide, for January, 1886, is beautifully illustrated. All
lovers of flowers, plants, etc., should procure this issue. Address,
James Vicks, Rochester, N. Y.
The _Catholic Mirror_, Baltimore, Md., has issued a supplement in the
shape of an annual for 1886. It is profusely illustrated and contains
besides the Almanac a good portrait of the Archbishop of Baltimore with
other engravings.
* * * * *
The Papal Mediation.
We give the text of the Sovereign Pontiff's proposal of arbitration
between Germany and Spain; so that it may be seen at a glance how
closely the protocol followed its suggestions, merely amplifying in a
technical and explicit sense the scheme of His Holiness:
_Proposal of His Holiness Leo XIII., Mediator in the Question
of the Archipelago of the Carolines and the Palaos, pending
between Spain and Germany:_
The discovery made by Spain, in the sixteenth century, of the islands
forming the archipelago of the Carolines and the Palaos, and the series
of acts accomplished in these same islands by the Spanish government for
the benefit of the natives, have created, in the conviction of the said
government and of the nation, a title of sovereignty, founded upon the
principles of international law which are quoted and obeyed in our days
in similar cases.
And, in fact, when we consider the sum of the above-mentioned acts, the
authenticity of which is confirmed by various documents in the archives
of Propaganda, we cannot mistake the beneficent course of Spain in
regard to these islanders. It is, moreover, to be observed that no other
government has exercised a like action towards them. This explains what
must be kept in mind--the constant tradition and conviction of the
Spanish people in respect to that sovereignty--a tradition and a
conviction which were manifested, two months ago, with an ardor and an
animosity capable of compromising for an instant the internal peace of
two friendly governments and their mutual relations.
On the other hand, Germany, as well as England, declared expressly in
1875 to the Spanish government that she did not recognize the
sovereignty of Spain over these islands. The imperial government holds
that it is the effectual occupation of a territory which constitutes the
origin of the right of sovereignty over it, and that such occupation has
never been realized by Spain in the case of the Carolines. It has acted
in conformity with that principle in the Island of Yap; and in this the
mediator is happy to recognize--as the Spanish government has also
done--the loyalty of the imperial government.
In consequence, and in order that this divergence of views between the
two States may be no obstacle to an honorable arrangement, the mediator,
having weighed all things, proposes that the new arrangement should
adopt the formulas of the protocol relating to the archipelago of Jolo,
signed at Madrid on the 7th of March last by the representatives of
Great Britain, of Germany and of Spain; and that the following points be
observed:
1. Affirmation of the sovereignty of Spain over the Carolines and the
Palaos.
2. The Spanish government, in order to render this sovereignty
effectual, undertakes to establish as quickly as possible in the
archipelago in question a regular administration, with a sufficient
force to guarantee order and the rights acquired.
3. Spain offers to Germany full and entire liberty of commerce, of
navigation, and of fishery within the islands, as also the right of
establishing a naval and a coaling station.
4. Spain also assures to Germany the liberty of plantation within the
islands, and of the foundation of agricultural establishments upon the
same footing as that of undertakings by Spanish subjects.
L. CARDINAL JACOBINI,
_Secretary of State to His Holiness_.
* * * * *