about ten weeks, smell like _Spirit_ of _Harts Horn_, or of _Urine_.
The green _Leaves_ of _Roses_ infused in water, have a mild, but
pleasant _Smell_. Neither is that of _Savine_ unpleasant, upon the like
_Infusion_.
7. §. _Scurvygrass Juyce_ kept about ¾ of a year in bottles, with the
green _Sedement_, in a warm _Room_, stinks like Humane _Excrements_.
And _Scurvygrass Wine_, made only of the _Juyce_, smells like some
_Issues_.
8. §. The _Flowers_ of _Yarrow_, smell not much unlike to those of
_Southernwood_. And the _Flowers_ of _Crowfoot_ almost like those of
_Scurvygrass_. Some _Flowers_ are of a weaker _Smell_ in the _Bud_, as
those of _Mallow_. But many have a stronger, than when they are blown
open; as those of _Lavender_, _Rosemary_, &c.
9. §. The _Buds_ of _Vervaine Mallow_, while they are young, and the
_Flowers_ unseen, have a very pleasant _Smell_, like that of _Geranium
Moschatum_: but when afterwards they are opened they have an unpleasant
_Smell_. Common _Mallow Flowers_ dryed and bottled up for some time,
acquire, though not a strong, yet very noysom _Smell_.
10. §. The _Purple Pouch_ of _Dragon_ which covers the _Seed_, being
broken, smells just like a _Lobster_. But permitted to lie in a warm
_Room_ for some days, smells exactly like _Carrion_; and scents the
_Room_ with the same _Smell_.
11. §. Some _Seeds_ as those of _Cumine_, _Daucus_, being powdered and
laped up only in _Papers_, do notwithstanding retein their _Smell_.
But many others, as of _Sweet Fenil_, in a short time, lose it. Some
_Seeds_, when they first begin to sprout, become _Odorous_, which were
not so before; as the _Garden Bean_.
_Tabula, quâ perspicuè videre est, quot Triplicati Sapores,
ex solummodo decem Simplicibus numerantur._
AMARUS
Am.du.ac.
am.du.sa. am.ac.sa.
am.du.ca. am.ac.ca. am.sa.ca.
am.du.fr. am.ac.fr. am.sa.fr. am.ca.fr.
am.du.ar. am.ac.ar. am.sa.ar. am.ca.ar. am.fr.ar.
am.du.ma. am.ac.ma. am.sa.ma. am.ca.ma. am.fr.ma. am.ar.ma.
am.du.as. am.ac.as. am.sa.as. am.ca.as. am.fr.as. am.ar.as. am.ma.as.
am.du.pu. am.ac.pu. am.sa.pu. am.ca.pu. am.fr.pu. am.ar.pu. am.ma.pu.
am.as.pu.
DULCIS
Du.ac.sa.
du.ac.ca. du.sa.ca.
du.ac.fr. du.sa.fr. du.ca.fr.
du.ac.ar. du.sa.ar. du.ca.ar. du.fr.ar.
du.ac.ma. du.sa.ma. du.ca.ma. du.fr.ma. du.ar.ma.
du.ac.as. du.sa.as. du.ca.as. du.fr.as. du.ar.as. du.ma.sa.
du.ac.pu. du.sa.pu. du.ca.pu. du.fr.pu. du.ar.pu. du.ma.pu. du.as.pu.
ACIDUS
Aci.sal.cal.
aci.sal.fri. aci.cal.fri.
aci.sal.aro. aci.cal.ar. aci.fri.ar.
aci.sal.mal. aci.cal.ma. aci.fri.mal. aci.ar.mal.
aci.sal.ast. aci.cal.ast. aci.fri.ast. aci.ar.ast. ac.ma.ast.
ac.sal.pu. aci.ca.pun. aci.fr.pun. aci.ar.pun. ac.ma.pu. ac.ast.pu.
SALSUS
Sal.cal.fri.
sal.cal.aro. sal.fri.aro.
sal.cal.mal. sal.fri.mal. sal.aro.mal.
sal.cal.ast. sal.fri.ast. sal.aro.ast. sal.ma.ast
sal.cal.pun. sal.fri.pun. sal.aro.pun. sal.ma.pu. sal.ast.pun.
CALIDUS
Cal.fri.aro.
cal.fri.mal. cal.aro.mal.
cal.fri.ast. cal.aro.ast. cal.mal.ast.
cal.fri.pun. cal.aro.pun. cal.mal.pun. cal.ast.pun.
FRIGIDUS
Fri.aro.mal.
fri.aro.ast. fri.mal.ast.
fri.aro.pun. fri.mal.pun. fri.ast.pun.
AROMATICUS
Aro.mal.ast.
aro.mal.pun. aro.ast.pun.
MALIGNUS
ASTRINGENS
PUNGENS
_Tabula, quæ Genericas omnes Saporum differentias
comprenhedit._
SAPORES, ratione
Sensationis ipsius, distinguuntur per
Species. Sunt enim alii
Simplices, qui sunt
⎧Amarus
⎩Dulcis
⎧Acidus
⎩Salsus
⎧Calidus
⎩Frigidus
⎧Aromaticus
⎩Malignus
⎧Æqualis
⎩Tremulus
Mollis
Vapidus
Unctuosus
Durus
Penetrans
Stupifaciens
Astringens
Pungens
Continuus
Intermittens
Compositi, qui sunt
Nominati; seil.
Acerbus
Austcrus
Acris
Muriaticus
Lixivus
Nitrosus
Iñominati quamplurimi, ut Amaro-dulcis, &c.
Gradus. Ita enim sunt
Remissi ve Intensi a gradu
3º ad 1ᵘᵐ·
4º ad 10ᵘᵐ·
Durationis, sunt
Breves
Diuturni
Motûs, sunt
Celeres⎫
Tardi ⎭in Principio Augmento Statu Declinatione.
Est autem Sapor in
Principio
Quartarius
Binarius
Trinarius
Minutarius
Minuto-quartarius, &c.
Bi-minutarius
Bino-quartarius, &c.
Triminutarius
Augmento
Quartarius, &c.
Bi-minutarius
Statu.
Quartarius, &c.
Quadrinarius.
Declinatione
Quartarius, &c.
Quadrino-quartarius, &c.
Quinarius
Senarius, &c.
Vicenarius
Viceno-quinarius
Tricenarius
Triceno-quinarius
Quadragenarius
Subjecti, sunt
Fixi
Labiales
Linguales qui ad Linguæ
Apicem
Verticem
Radicem percipiuntur
Palatales,
Gutturales,
Oesophagei.
Mobiles
Diffusivi.
Transitivi.
EXPERIMENTS
IN
CONSORT
UPON THE
Solution of Salts
IN
WATER.
Read before the _Royal Society_, _January, 18. 1676/7_.
CHAP. I.
_In which is shewed, the Compleat or Utmost_ Impregnation _of WATER
with several kinds of_ Salt, _both together, and apart._
IN discourse upon a _Lecture_ formerly read, concerning the _Lixivial
Salts_ of _Plants_; It was mentioned, as a thing asserted by some
_Phylosophers_, That _Water_ having been fully impregnated with one
kind of _Salt_, so as to bear no more of that kind; it would yet bear,
or dissolve some portion of another; and so of a third. And it was
referred to Me by this Honourable Chair, to examine and produce the
_Experiment_. The doing whereof brought into my mind divers other
_Experiments_ hereunto relating.
2. §. As next, With what difference of quantity this _Superimpregnation_
would be made, upon the _Solution_ of different _Salts_?
3. §. _Thirdly_, Whether the _Solution_ of a smaller quantity of
several _Salts_, doth consist with the _non-increase_ of the bulk of
the _Water_? Because this also is affirmed by some.
4. §. _Fourthly_, What quantity of the several kinds of _Salt_, may be
dissolved severally, in the same quantity of _Water_?
5. §. _Fifthly_, Whether by dissolving a _Salt_ in _Water_, there be
any _Space_ gained, or not? That is, whether the _Bulk_ of the _Water_
be greater, before the _Salt_ lying in it be fully dissolved, than
it is afterwards? Or if a _Cubick Inch_ of _Salt_ be dissolved in
nine _Cubick Inches_ of _Water_; Whether the _Water_ will then fill a
_Vessel_ of ten _Cubick Inches content_?
6. §. _Sixthly_, Whether the _Space_ be equally gained, by an equal
encrease of the same _Salt_?
7. §. _Seventhly_, Whether upon the _Solution_ of several kinds of
_Salts_, be gained so many several quantities of _Space_? That is, if
the _Solution_ of common _Salt_ gains, suppose, an _Inch_, whether the
_Solution_ of _Salt Armoniack_ gains as much, or more, or less? and so
for other _Salts_.
8. §. _Eighthly_, What that just space may be, which any _Salt_ gaineth
with respect to its own _Bulk_, or that of the _Water_?
9. §. And first, for the _Superimpregnation_ of _Water_; I put into
a bottle ℥ij of fair _Water_; adding thereto, first half an Ounce of
_Nitre_; and afterwards more, as the _Water_ would dissolve it; and
(that I might be sure the _Impregnation_ was full) some portion above
what the _Water_ would bear. Then having separated this remaining
portion; I put to this _Solution_ of _Nitre_, two Drachms of _Sal
Armoniac_; which wholly and easily dissolved in the said _Solution_;
though it would not bear a grain more of _Nitre_. I then added a third
Drachm of _Sal Armoniac_, after that a fourth, and a fifth; all which,
within the space of half an hour, were perfectly dissolved in the said
_Solution_, without any precipitation of the _Nitre_.
10. §. In the making of this Experiment, two things, to render it
infallacious, are to be noted. That the said _Salts_ were not dissolved
by the help of _Fire_, but only by a strong and continued _Agitation_.
And that this was done upon a warm day: which I mention, because that
even the changes of the weather will somewhat alter the _Solubility_ of
the _Salts_.
11. §. Having made the Experiment upon two _Salts_, I proceeded to
repeat it upon three. And first I dissolved as much common _Salt_ in
℥ij of _Water_, as that quantity would bear. Then having separated the
subsiding portion; I put to the _Solution_, no less than five Drachms
of _Nitre_, which by a continued _Agitation_, was wholly dissolved
therein, neither the _Nitre_ nor the common _Salt_ being in the least
precipitated. Then adding a Scruple more, it would not dissolve, but
subsided. This second subsiding portion, I again separated; and then
put to this _Superimpregnation_, near ʒj of _Sal Armoniac_, which
was also dissolved as the former. And if as many more _Salts_ had
been added, ’tis probable that the same _Water_ would have born some
quantity of them all.
12. §. From this Experiment, it is a Conclusion demonstrated, That not
only the visible _Crystals_, but the very _Atomes_ of every _Salt_, at
least those _Particles_ which are ultimately dissolved in _Water_, have
a different _Figure_ one from another. Because that if they were all of
one _Figure_; there would be no _Superimpregnation_, but the _Pores_
of the same _Water_, would imbibe as much of one _Salt_, as answers
to the total of two more _Salts_ imbibed: that is to say, it would as
well imbibe two Ounces of common _Salt_, as one Ounce of common _Salt_
and another of _Nitre_: which yet is contrary to the Experiment. And
it is the same thing, whether we suppose the _Pores_ of _Water_ to be
also different, or not. Because, that if the _Figure_ of all the said
_Atomes_ be the same; then their respect to the _Pores_ of the _Water_
must be the same, how different so ever those _Pores_ be: which is also
contrary to the Experiment. Besides it is a great presumption, to say,
that the _Pores_, and therefore the _Atomes_ of _Water_ have different
_Figures_; and yet not those of _Salts_.
13. §. From the same Experiment we may go upon good ground in
_Compounded Infusions_; whether of _Purgative_, or other _Materials_.
As not doubting, but that the same _Menstruum_ may be highly
impregnated with several _Ingredients_ at once, whose operative
parts may be therein copiously dissolved, without hindring either an
_Extraction_, or causing a _Precipitation_ one of an other.
14. §. The _Second_ Enquiry is, With what difference this
_Superimpregnation_ of _Water_ is made? which I find considerable. For
a _Solution_ of above five Drachms of _Nitre_ may be _superimpregnated_
with no less quantity of _Sal Armoniac_. And a _Solution_ of five
Drachms of common _Salt_, may be _superimpregnated_ with as much
_Nitre_. Yet neither a strong _Solution_ (as of five Drachms) of common
_Salt_, will bear above two Scruples of _Sal Armoniac_: nor will a
strong _Solution_ (as of five Drachms) of _Sal Armoniac_, bear above
a Drachm of common _Salt_: for if above the said quantities of either
of them be mixed together: they are both copiously and forthwith
precipitated to the bottome of the _Glass_.
15. §. Whence, notwithstanding the former Experiment, yet are
we admonished, not to infuse all manner of _Ingredients_ in any
proportion. Because though some do not, yet others will precipitate one
another.
16. §. The _Third_ Enquiry was this, Whether the _Solution_ of
a smaller quantity of several _Salts_, doth consist with the
_non-increase_ of the _Bulk_ of the _Water_? For this I took a
_Bolthead_ with a slender _Neck_, conteining about a pint and a quarter
of _Water_; and dissolved therein about ℥jß of _Nitre_. And marking the
place to which the _Water_ ascended in the _Neck_ of the _Bolthead_:
I then dissolved in the same _Water_ about a Drachm of _Sal Gemmæ_:
which little quantity, raised the _Water_ above half an Inch higher
then it was before. The like I observed in the addition of _Nitre_ to a
_Solution_ of _Sal Armoniac_. So that to suppose the variation of the
_Salt_ doth prevent the increase of the _Bulk_ of the _Water_, is a
manifest Error.
17. §. From the same Experiment it also appears, That the ascent of the
_Water_ upon a _Superimpregnation_, is the same, by whatsoever _Salt_
the first _Impregnation_ be made. For instance, Let a _Solution_ of
_Nitre_ ascend in the _Neck_ of the _Bolthead_, suppose, to 10 Inches,
then add ½ an Ounce more of _Nitre_, so as to raise the _Water_,
suppose, 12 Inches or more, or less, according to the _Bore_ of the
_Neck_. In like manner, let a _Solution_ of _Sal Armoniac_ reach to ten
Inches: then add again half an Ounce of _Nitre_; and it will reach just
12 Inches, or more or less, as before.
18. §. The _Fourth_ Enquiry is, What quantity of the several kinds of
_Salt_, may be dissolved severally in the same quantity of _Water_:
that is to say, by agitation alone, without the help of fire, as I
noted before. And upon tryal it appears, First, that two Ounces of
_Water_ will dissolve three Ounces of _Loaf-Sugar_ and no more, except
the _Water_ be heated.
19. §. The same quantity of _Water_ that is, two Ounces will dissolve
above two Ounces of _Salt_ of _Tartar_. I say above, for how much more,
want of a greater quantity of _Salt_ which I could confide in, made me
that I could not finish the Experiment.
20. §. The same quantity, _sc._ two Ounces of _Water_, dissolveth an
Ounce and a Drachm of _Green Vitriol_.
21. §. The like quantity dissolveth six Drachms and a Scruple or above
¾ of an Ounce of common _Salt_.
22. §. Of _Nitre_, Five Drachms two Scruples and an half.
23. §. Of _Sal Armoniac_, five Drachms and two Scruples.
24. §. Of _Alum_, not above two Drachms and a Scruple.
25. §. And of _Borax_, not above a Drachm and half a Scruple.
26. §. Of these note, That although Common _Salt_ be very dissoluble,
and will presently catch the moysture of the _Aer_: yet a much greater
quantity not only of _Salt_ of _Tartar_, but even of _Loaf Sugar_, and
of _Green Vitriol_ it self, may be dissolved in _Water_ than of Common
_Salt_.
27. §. Again, as the great _Solubility_ of some, so the less
_Solubility_ of other _Salts_ is also observable, as of _Alum_, and
_Borax_. For the same quantity of _Water_ will dissolve near four times
as much of _Green Vitriol_, as it will of _Alum_. And of _Sugar_ more
than ten times as much. Of _Green Vitriol_ near eight times as much as
of _Borax_; and of _Sugar_, twenty times as much.
28. §. From this Experiment we are likewise cautioned, not only in the
_Infusion_ of several _Ingredients_ together, but of any one singly;
that such a proportion thereof to the _Menstruum_, be not exceeded. For
all that is over and above what the _Menstruum_ will bear, is either
not extracted, or will be precipitated. As is evident not only in the
_Dissolution_ of the _Salts_ above named, but in the _Infusion_ of
_Plants_ themselves: as, for instance, of _Senna_; two Drachms whereof
will impregnate four Ounces of _Water_ as strongly, as if twice the
quantity were infused; because the _Water_ will bear no more of the
_Purgative Parts_ of that _Body_.
29. §. There is only one _Salt_ more remaineth to be spoken of under
this Experiment; and that is, the _Crystals_ of _Tartar_. Whereof, it
is somewhat strange to observe, that it will scarce at all dissolve
in _Water_: not more, than even divers _Resinous Gums_, as _Mastick_,
_Tolu_, _Tacchamahacca_, and some others will do. For if two Drachms,
suppose of these _Crystals_, of _Tartar_ (commonly sold for _Cremor
Tartari_) be put to one Ounce of _Water_, scarce five Grains thereof
will, by _Agitation_, be therein dissolved.
CHAP. II.
_In which is shewed, that by the_ Solution _of_ Salts _in_ Water,
_some certain space, more or less, is gained. That the space is
different according to the Nature of the_ Salt. _And what the
just space is, which is gained._
THE _Fifth_ Enquiry is, Whether by dissolving of a _Salt_ in _Water_,
there be any space gained, or not. That is, whether the _Bulk_ of the
_Water_ be greater before the _Salt_ lying in it be fully dissolved,
than afterwards. For tryal whereof, I took a _Bolt-head_ with a slender
_Neck_, holding somewhat more than a pint; and filling it up to a
certain place in the _Neck_; I then put in an Ounce or two of _Salt_.
And observing the hight of the _Water_, both before it was dissolved,
and afterwards; It plainly appeared, that there was some, and that a
considerable space, gained by the _Dissolution_; the _Water_ thereby
sinking several Inches below the place, where it stood after the _Salt_
was first put into it.
2. §. From this Experiment it is plain, that there are _Vacuities_
in _Water_. That is to say, that all the parts of _Water_ are not
contiguous, but that either betwixt, or in the _Atomes_ of the _Water_
themselves, there are certain _Pores_, either absolutely void, or at
least filled up with another more subtile body which is easily excluded
by the particles of _Salt_: by possessing the room of which the above
said space is gained.
3. §. The _Sixth_ Enquiry is, Whether the space be equally gained, by
an equal encrease of the same _Salt_.
4. §. For this I made two tryals; the first was this. Two half Ounces
of _Salt Armoniac_, being successively dissolved in the same _Water_;
both of them raised up the _Water_ in the _Neck_ of the _Bolt-head_,
equally; the first 3 Inches ⅝, and so the second.
5. §. The other was this. Four half Ounces of _Nitre_, being
successively dissolved in the same _Water_, they all of them raised
up the _Water_ in the _Neck_ of the _Bolt-head_, equally; the first a
little above two Inches, and the 2ᵈ, 3ᵈ, and 4ᵗʰ, just as much.
6. §. The _Seventh_ Enquiry is, Whether upon the _Dissolution_ of
several kinds of _Salts_, be gained so many several quantities of
space. For this I made tryal upon Eleven several _Salts_, sc. _Salt_
of _Tartar_, _Common Salt_, _Sal Gemmeus_, _Roman Vitriol_, _Nitre_,
_White Vitriol_, _Green Vitriol_, _Alum_, _Borax_, _Loaf-Sugar_, and
_Sal Armoniac_; of all which, I dissolved an equal quantity _sc._ two
Ounces, in an equal quantity of _Water_, severally; that is, taking
fresh _Water_ for every _Solution_. The success was, That the _Sal
Armoniac_ raised the _Water_ 15 Inches. The _Loaf-Sugar_, 13 Inches
and ⅜ᵗʰˢ· The _Borax_, a Foot. The _Alum_ 11 Inches, and ⅝ᵗʰˢ. _Green
Vitriol_, 9 Inches and ⅝ᵗʰˢ· _White Vitriol_, 9 Inches and ⅛ᵗʰ.
_Nitre_, 8 Inches, and ⅜ᵗʰˢ· _Roman Vitriol_, 7 Inches and ⅝ᵗʰˢ· _Sal
Gemmæ_, 6 Inches, and ⅝ᵗʰˢ· _Common Salt_, 6 Inches and ⅜ᵗʰˢ· _Salt_ of
_Tartar_, not above 4 Inches and ⅛ᵗʰ. All which differences are plain,
and most of them very remarquable: Two Ounces of _Sal Armoniac_ raising
the _Water_ near four times as high, as the same quantity of _Salt_ of
_Tartar_.
7. §. From this and the fourth Experiment, compared, it also appears,
That the several spaces gained by the several _Salts_, though
sometimes they do, yet do not always answer to the _Solubility_ of
the said _Salts_. As to give some Instances; _Loaf-Sugar_ is the most
dissoluble of any other _Salt_; yet it gaineth less space than all the
rest, save only _Sal Armoniac_. So _Green Vitriol_ is more dissoluble
then either _Nitre_ or _Common Salt_; yet gaineth less space than
either, especially than the latter. And _Sal Armoniac_, which is more
dissoluble than _Alum_ or _Borax_, yet gaineth less space than either
of them. The _Cause_ whereof is not easily assigned.
8. §. Note also, that by the same Experiment, as well as by the _Taste_
and other Circumstances, it is plain, That _Sal Gemmæ_ is nothing else
but _Common Salt_, coagulated or _Crystalliz’d_ under _Ground_.
9. §. Again, as the Fifth Experiment sheweth, That there are
_Vacuities_ in _Water_: so doth this Last, that those _Vacuities_,
are of differing kinds. Because, otherwise, it should seem, That the
_Bulk_ of the _Water_ would increase, more or less, according to the
_Solubilitie_ of every _Salt_, and not be alternately differenced as it
is; Some _Salts_, more dissoluble, increasing the _Bulk_ of the _Water_
less, and others less dissoluble, increasing it more. I say, that this
difference dependeth not only upon the different _Figures_ of the
_Atomes_ of _Salt_; because then every _Salt_ which is more dissoluble,
would (quantity for quantity) take up less room in the _Water_: which
is contrary to the Experiment.
10. §. From the same Experiment, howsoever _paradoxical_ it may seem,
yet is it also manifest, That although _Water_ be a _Fluid_, yet the
_Particles_ thereof are _hard_ and _consistent_, and unalterable in
their _Figure_. Otherwise it is plain, That all manner of _Salts_ would
be dissolved in the same manner, and take up the same room in the
_Water_. For let the _Figures_ of the _Salts_ be never so various, yet
if the _Particles_ of _Water_ were themselves _Fluid_ or _Inconsistent_
and _Alterable_, they would always so conforme to those _Figures_,
as to fill up all _Vacuities_; and so upon the _Solution_ of several
_Salts_, if of equal quantity, the _Water_ would still retein an
equal _Bulk_. As suppose an Ounce of _Iron_ were drawn into _Wyer_,
another beaten into _Plates_, a third made into _Hooks_, a fourth into
_Needles_, a fifth into _Nails_; every one of these five Ounces, being
put severally into _Water_ will encrease its _Bulk_ equally. I conclude
therefore, That the _Atomes_ of _Water_ are hard and unalterable.
11. §. The _Eighth_ Enquiry was this, What that just space might be,
which any _Salt_ gaineth upon _Dissolution_, with respect to its
own _Bulk_, or the _Bulk_ of the _Water_? For the making of this
Experiment, _Water_ will not serve, nor yet _Spirit_ of _Wine_; because
they both of them dissolve more or less of those _Salts_ which are put
into them; whereby the observation of the true _Bulk_ of the _Salt_,
and consequently of the just space it gaineth by _Dissolution_ is
lost. I took therefore _Oyl_ of _Turpentine_, and pouring it into
a _Bolt-head_, marked the place of its ascent in the _Neck_. Then
pouring likewise into it two Ounces of _Common Salt_, I marked the
second ascent of the _Oyl_; and found it to be 10 Inches and 6 eighths.
Repeating the Experiment in like manner with two Ounces of _Nitre_, I
found the ascent of the _Oyl_ to be 11 Inches and ⅛ᵗʰ. Repeating it
again with two Ounces of _Alum_, the ascent of the _Oyl_ was 13 Inches
and 2/8ᵗʰˢ· And making it once more with _Sal Armoniac_, the _Oyl_
ascended to 15 Inches: the said several ascents of the _Oyl_ being
the true spaces which the Four abovesaid _Salts_ take. From which,
the space which the same _Salts_ take up upon _Dissolution_, being
deducted; the remainder is the space gained by that _Dissolution_. And
so it appears, first, that _Sal Armoniac_ gaineth nothing; being the
only _Salt_ of all I have tryed, which causeth the equal ascent both of
the _Water_ and the _Oyl_ _sc._ just 15 Inches in both. _Alum_ causeth
the ascent of the _Oyl_ to 13-2/8ᵗʰˢ, of the _Water_, to 11 Inches and
⅝ᵗʰˢ: So that it gains about 1 Inch and ½ out of 13. _Nitre_ causeth
the ascent of the _Oyl_, to 11 Inches and ⅛ᵗʰ; of the _Water_, to 8
Inches and ⅜ᵗʰˢ· So that _Nitre_ by _Dissolution_ gets almost the space
of 3 Inches in 11. _Common Salt_ causeth the ascent of the _Oyl_, to 10
Inches and 6/8ᵗʰˢ; of the _Water_, 6 Inches and ⅜ᵗʰˢ· So that _Common
Salt_ gains by _Dissolution_ 4 Inches in 10, which is very considerable.
12. §. By this way the _Specifick Gravity_ of all kinds of _Salts_
may be easily taken, and the difference betwixt them is somewhat
surprizing. For it appears by the Ascent of the _Oyl_, that _Nitre_,
quantity for quantity, is about a 22ᵗʰ part lighter than _Common Salt_.
_Alum_ about a 6ᵗʰ part lighter. And _Salt Armoniac_, almost a 4ᵗʰ
part lighter than _Common Salt_. The like estimate may be made of the
_Gravity_ of all other _Salts_.
13. §. By the same Experiment it also appears, That according to the
_Specifick Gravity_ of _Salts_ they are many times at least more or
less _Volatile_; as in the four last _Salts_ is plain. For _Common
Salt_ which of all the four is the most fixed, is also the heavyest.
_Nitre_ which is somewhat less fixed is somewhat lighter. But _Alum_
which is still less fixed is much lighter. And _Sal Armoniac_ which is
wholly _Volatile_, is the lightest of all the _Salts_ above mentioned.
CHAP. III.
_Wherein, from the Experiments in the foregoing_ Chapter, _is
shewed, the_ Cause _of the_ Motion _of the Mercury in the
BAROMETER._
FOR the doing of this, it will first be acknowledg’d, That not
only several sorts of _Sulphur_, but also of _Volatile Salts_, are
continually sublimed from most _Bodies_ into the _Aer_. So _Lightning_,
from the celerity of the ascension, appears to be made of a _Meteor_,
which is _Nitro-Sulphureous_. _Snow_ dependeth upon a _Mixture_ of
_Nitrous_, and other _Salts_; as is evident, from the regularly and
differently _Figur’d Parts_, which compose the whole Body of a _Snowy
Cloud_, before it clusters into _Flakes_. And one reason, why _Rain_
is the best _Water_ for any _Soyl_, is because it is impregnated with
divers _Volatile_ and _Fruitful Salts_. And so from other _Meteors_.
2. §. And next, that these _Salts_, are not always in the same
_Quantity_, _Proportion_, and _State_, in the _Aer_: but that sometimes
they are more copious; at others, less: sometimes, one more copious,
than an other: sometimes, more plentifully dissolved; at others,
more sparingly: and that, either as they are more or less pure and
dissoluble; or according to the quantity of the _Vaporous Parts_ in the
_Aer_, in which they are incorporated or dissolved.
3. §. Thus much being granted, from the _Experiments_ in the foregoing
_Chapter_ compared together, we may resolve our selves about some
_Phænomena_ in the _Barometre_. Which seems to vary, not so much with
the meer _Weight_ of the _Aer_, which hitherto hath been supposed:
as by the different pressure it makes, in being _crowded_ more at
one time, than at another. That is, according as certain _Nitrous_,
or other _Saline Bodies_, take up less _Space_ in the _Aer_, when
dissolved in the _Watery Parts_ therein, than while they are
undissolved.
4. §. And therefore it is especially to be observed, That as the
_Mercury_ commonly riseth in the _Cylinder_ for some days, but always
for some time, before the change of the _Weather_, whether for _Snow_
or _Rain_: So, that then it presently falleth again, even before the
_Snow_ or _Rain_ falls. Whereas, if the _Weight_ of the _Aer_, were
the only, or the chief _Cause_ of the ascent of the _Mercury_; than as
it riseth all the while the _Weather_ is gathering, so it would keep
its standing or heighth, until the _Weather_ breaks and falleth down:
which yet it never doth, but always falls before it; sometimes no
less than a whole day. The _Cause_ whereof is, in that all the while
the _Mercury_ riseth in the _Cylinder_, the _Aer_ is _crowded_ with
more and more _Saline Parts_, which by the _Winds_, or otherwise,
are carryed into it; and so causeth it to press upon the _Mercury_
in the _Box_: but after that in some time the _Salts_ are dissolved
or incorporated in the _Aqueous Parts_ of the _Aer_, as in _Rain_ or
_Snow_; so soon as that is done, there is some _Space_ gaind; and so,
before any _Weather_ falleth, the _Aer_ is less crowded, and presseth
less upon the _Mercury_ in the _Box_, which gives way to its descent in
the _Cylinder_.
5. §. From hence also it is, that the _Mercury_ riseth higher with
_Cold Winds_, than it doth with those which are _Warme_. Both because
that in _cold Winds_ there is the greatest quantity of _Nitre_: and
that the _coldest Winds_, are usually the dryest. So that the _Nitre_
wanting _Moysture_ fully to dissolve it; it takes up so much the
greater space, and so causeth a greater pressure in the _Aer_, as hath
been said.
6. §. _Lastly_, For the same reason it comes to pass, that the
_Mercury_ first riseth higher, and then falleth lower before _Snow_,
than it doth before _Rain_. Because that for the production of _Snow_,
the _Aer_ is crowded with a greater quantity of _Nitre_, or some other
like _Salts_; which before they are dissolved, take up so much the more
space; and afterwards so much the less, even before the _Snow_ falls:
as hath been proved.
_FINIS._
AN
INDEX
OF THE
Chief Matters,
_In which,_ Id. _signifies_ Idea. An. Anotmy. _The Figures before
§. the Page. The Figures following §. the Section in that Page._
A.
Acid, _commonly the predominant Principle in Plants_, 240. §. 8.
_That is of the Parenchyma_, Id. §. 48.
Aer, _how to be examined, as relating to Vegetation_, Id. §. 60.
Aer, _in Plants, How made_, An. 93. §. 61.
_Where it enters the Plant_, 127. §. 1.
_Its Motion and Course in Plants_, ibid.
Aereal _Salt_, Id. §. 60.
Aer-Vessels, _their Structure_, 115. §. 16, &c.
_see_ Root _and other Parts._
Affinities _of Plants_, Id. 6. §. 11.
_Age of Roots, See_ Roots.
Agitation, _a Cause of Mixture_, 230.§. 6.
Akern, 186.
Albumen, _see_ Seed.
Alkaline Salt, _in many Plants in their natural estate_, 240.§. 9.
_This the predominant Principle of the true Wood of a Plant_,
Id. §. 52.
Anagallis, _of what Taste_, 284. §. 10.
Angellica _Roots, when dry, full of Rosin_, Id. §. 41.
Anatomy _of Plants, why fit to be made_, Id. §. 17.
_In what manner_, §. 18.
_What to be observed thereby_, §. 19.
_Of what use_, §. 20.
Animals, _their Parts mixed with several Menstruums_, 247. to 253.
_Cantharides, of what nature_, 249.
Antimony, _of what nature_, 245. §. 23.
Apertures _of Seeds_, An. 2. §. 5. & 200.§. 1.
Apple _described_, An. 40. §. 2. & 179.
Aprecock, 148.
Arsmart, _coded, how its Seed ejaculated_, 188. §. 18.
Arenulæ _in Pears_, An. 41. §. 4. & 241. §. 20.
Arum-Root, _of what Taste_, 281. §. 21.
_The Pestil of what Scent_, Id. §. 28.
Aqua-fortis _double, mixed with Spirit of Wine, what remarquable
thereupon_, 242. §. 26.
_With Steel_, 244. §. 22.
_With Tin_, 245. §. 27.
Asa fœtida, _of what nature_, 258.
Query, 2.
Ascent _of the Trunk, how made_, An. 22. §. 21.
_A Magnetick Motion_, 136.
Ascent _of the Sap, how made_, An. 24. §. 29. & 126. §. 13.
Asparagus, _of what Taste_, 284. §. 10.
Attire _of Plants see_ Flower.
B.
Barbado _Nut_, Id. §. 30.
Barque _of the Root, see_ Root.
_Of the Trunk, see_ Trunk.
Bawme, _its Tincture in Water_, 274. §. 11.
_In Spirit of Wine_, 275. §. 14.
Beams _of the Sun, different from the Heat of Common Fire_, Id. §. 61.
Bean _dissected_, An. §. 1.
Beech-Wood, An. 20.
Berry, _see_ Fruits.
Bezoar, _its nature_, 252. §. 49.
Bezoardicum minerale, 245. §. 25.
Bleeding _of Plants_, Id. §. 23., An. 124. §. 8.
Bolus, _what_, 242. §. 2.
Bonus Henricus, _of what Taste_. 284. §. 10.
Bones, _their different nature_, 249. §. 18.
Branch, _how made_, An. 28. §. 3.
_Its Claspers_, An. 27. _see_ Trunks.
Bud _of a Branch, how originated, nourished, and kept_, An. 28. §. 1.
_How kept_, 145. §. 2.
Bud _of the Seed, see_ Seed.
Butyr _of Flax_, Id. §. 51.
C.
Calamus Aromaticus, _of what Tast_, 283. §. 6.
Cantharides, _their nature_, 249. §. 14.
Case _of the Seed, of several manners_, An. 45. §. 2. & 186.
Carduus _green Leavs, their scent_, Id. §. 28.
Castor, 250. §. 28.
Celandine, _little, where tasted_, 284. §. 10.
Cherry, 185.
Circulation _of the Sap_, An. 17. §. 30.
Claspers, An. 27.
Clematis peregrina, _the Seed-Case of what Tast_, 283. §. 3.
Coats _of the Seed, see_ Seed.
Colocynthis. _Its nature_, 240. §. 13. & 257. Query 5.
_Where tasted_, 284. §. 8.
Colours _of Plants, To what Parts of Plants they belong_, Id. §. 26.
_How to be observed_, Id. §. 27.
Colours _of Roots_, An. 94. §. 65. & 270. §. 5.
_Of Leavs_, 270. §. 6.
_Of Flowers_, 271. §. 15.
_By Infusion, in Oyl_, 273.
_In Water_, 274.
_In Spirit of Wine_, ibid.
_By their Mixture with other Bodies_, 275.
_By Cultivation_, 277.
_Their Causes summed up_, 276.
Compression _a Cause of Mixture; and of Dissolution_, 229. §. 3.
232. §. 4. & 237. §. 3, 4.
Contents _of Plants, in what Method to be examined_, Id. §. 21 to 26.
& 31 to 47.
_Of what kind_, §. 21.
_Their Receptacles_, §. 22.
_Motions_, §. 23.
_Quantities_, §. 24.
_Consistence_. §. 25.
_How made in the several Parts of a Plant_, An. 92. §. 57.
_What in the Seed_, 208. §. 15.
Contrayerva, _of what Taste_, 283. §. 6.
Convolution _of the Trunk a Magnnetick Motion_, 137.
Copper, _its nature_, 245. §. 28.
Copperas, 246. §. 38.
Coral, _the Magistery_, 244. §. 15.
_Tincture_, Id. §. 28.
Corin _white_, 285.
Cortical _Body, see_ Barque.
Covers _of the Seed, see_ Seed.
Cucumer, An. 181.
_Leavs of the wild, of what Taste_, 280. §. 11. & 283. §. 6.
_Where tasted_, 284. §. 4, 8.
D.
Daisy _leaves, where tasted_, 284. §. 10.
Descent _of the Root, how made_, An. 34. §. 3.
Diametral _Rays, see_ Roots.
Digester, _the nature of that invented by_ Mons. Pappin, 237.
Dissolution _of Bodies promoted by Compression_, 237.
Dissimilar _Leavs, see_ Leavs.
Dragon _Root_, 59. §. 13.
Dung _of Pigeons_, 251. §. 37.
E.
Earth, _how to be examin’d, as relating to Vegetation_, Id. §. 57.
_How nature prepares it for the growth of Plants_, 11. §. 8.
Empalement, _see_ Flower.
Emulsions, _sometimes for Glysters_, Id. 39.
Enula, _of what Taste_, 283. §. 3, 4.
Essential _Salts of Plants, see_ Salts.
Evergreen, 156. §. 2.
Euphorbium, _of what nature_, 200. §. 1. 241. §. 19. &. 258. Query 2.
_Of what Taste_, 283. §. 6.
F.
Fat, _how made by Art or Nature_, 233. §. 3.
Fermentation, 253. §. 55.
Fibers _of the Leaf, see_ Leavs.
_Of the Seed, see_ Seed.
Figures, _of Plants_, Id. §. 11.
_Of Roots_, An. 58. §. 4.
_Of Trunks_, 135.
_Of Leavs_, 150. §. 1.
_Of Seeds_, 195.
Figs, _their Sugar_, Id. §. 41.
Flax, _its nature_, 258. Query 1.
Flower, _its Empalement_, An. 35. §. 2. & 163.
Foliature, _its Foulds_, An. 36. §. 5. & 164. §. 1.
_Protections_, An. 36. §. 7.
_Hairs_, An. 36. §. 8. & 168. §. 8.
_Globulets_, An. 37. §. 10. & 165. §. 9.
_Number of Leavs_, 165. §. 11.
_Parts of the Leavs_, 166. §. 15.
_Use_, An. 37. §. 11. & 166. §. 18.
_Shape or Figure_, 167. §. 20.
Attire, _Seminiform_, An. 37. §. 13. & 167.
_Florid_, An. 38. §. 17. & 170.
_Globulets or Sperme of both_, An. 38. §. 15. 39. §. 21. 168 §. 9.
& 170. §. 5.
_Use of the Attire_, An. 39. §. 22. & 171.
Flower, _when formed_, 173.
_Colours of the Flower_, 271.
_How by the Flower to find out to what sort a Plant belongeth_,
175. §. 13.
Fœtus, _see_ Seed.
Foulds _of Leavs, see_ Leavs.
Formation _of the Root, see_ Root.
Fruits; _Apple_, An. 40. §. 2. & 179.
_Limon_, 180.
_Cucumber_, 181.
_Pear_, An. 41. §. 3. & 182.
_Quince_, 183.
_Plum_, An. 42. §. 5. & 183.
_Aprecock_, 184.
_Peach_, 184.
_Cherry_, 185.
_Walnut_, ibid.
_Grape_, ibid.
_Gooseberry_, An. 43. §. 9. & 185.
_White Corin_, 185.
_Filbert_, An. 43. §. 8. & 186.
_Akern_, 186.
_The Use of the Fruit_, An. 44. §. 10.
_Of its Parts to its self_, 189.
_To the Seed_, 191 & 209.
_When the Fruit formed_, 192. §. 9.
Furr _of a Hare_, 247. §. 3.
G.
Gall-Stones, 252. §. 47.
Generation _of the Seed, and other Parts_, see _the_ Seed, _and
other Parts_.
Gentian _Root, where tasted_, 284. §. 5.
Germen, _see_ Bud.
Glysters, _sometimes best made of Emulsions_, Id. §. 39.
Globulets, _see_ Leavs _and_ Flowers.
Gold, _its nature_, 245. §. 31.
Gooseberry, 185.
Grape, 185.
Gravel, _its nature_, 251. §. 40.
Gums, _of three kinds_, 134. §. 15.
H.
Hairs, _see_ Leavs _and_ Flowers.
Hares _Furr_, 247. §. 3.
Harts-Horn, 248. §. 8.
Hazel _Nut, see_ Fruits.
Hellebore, _black, of what Taste_, 280. §. 12. & 283. §. 3. &c.
_where tasted_, 284. §. 4.
Hoglice, 249. §. 15.
Horses _Hoofe_, 247. §. 5.
I.
Jalap, _of what Taste_, 283. §. 6. 284. §. 10.
Insertions, _in the Root, and other Parts, see_ Root _and other
Parts_.
Iris _Root described_, 60. §. 14.
Irish _Slate, its nature_, 243. §. 4.
Iron, _see_ Steel.
L.
Lapis Calaminaris, _its nature_, 243. §. 9.
Lapis Lazuli, 243. §. 7.
Lapis Tuthiæ, 243. §. 9.
Lead, _its nature_, 244. §. 16.
Lead _Spar_, 244. §. 12.
Leavs, _the two first which come of every Seed, what_, An. 8. §. 42,
&c.
_Their Use_, An. 10. §. 46.
Leavs; _their Protections_, An. 32. §. 17. & 145. §. 2.
_Foulds_, An. 31. §. 14. & 147. §. 9.
_Shapes and Measures_, An. 30. §. 17. & 150. §. 1.
_Globulets_, An. 34. §. 7. & 148. §. 1.
_Hairs_, An. 34. §. 4. 149. §. 8.
_Spots_, 148. §. 4.
_Thorns_, 148. §. 6.
_Their Compounding Parts_, An. 29. §. 7.
_Skin_, 153. §. 1.
_Parenchyma or Pulp_, 153. §. 5.
_Fibers or Vessels, Their Position In the Body of the Leaf_,
152. §. 19.
_In the Stalk_, 154. §. 9.
_The Lignous Vessels_, 155. §. 16.
_The Aer-Vessels_, 155. §. 19.
_Texture of a Palm Leaf or Bag_, 156. §. 20.
_Duration of the Leaf_, 156. §. 2.
_Time and manner of its Generation_, 156. §. 4. & 174.
_Colour of the Leaf_, 270.
_How by this to find out to what sort a Plant belongeth_, 174. §. 1.
Lignous _Body_, _see_ Trunk _and other Parts_
Lilium convalle, _its nature_, Id. §. 30.
Limor, _described_, 180.
Lithosperm _the Seed, its nature_, 241. §. 21.
Lixivial _Salts_, _see_ Salts.
Lobes _of the Seed_, _see_ Seed.
Lympha _out of which the Seed is first nourished_, _see_ Seed.
Lympheducts _their Structure_, 111. §. 30.
M.
Magistery _of Corals_, 244. §. 15.
_Of Pearls_, 252. §. 43.
Mallow, _its nature_, 257. Query 5.
Marine _Salt of Plants_, _see_ Salts.
Mastick, _its nature_, 258. Query. 2.
Measures _of Leavs_, 150. §. 1.
Mechanick _uses of Timber_, 137.
Membranes _of the Seed_, _see_ Seed.
Menstruum _of the Stomach_, 253. § 53.
Metals; _Lead_, 244. § 16.
_Mercury_, 244. §. 16.
_Steel_, 244. § 20.
_Antimony_, 245. § 23.
_Tin_, 245. § 26.
_Copper_, 245. § 28.
_Silver_, 245. § 29.
_Gold_, 245. §. 31.
Milks _of Plants_, Id. § 21. & 26.
_How made_, An. 67. § 19. & 93. §. 60. & 133. § 12.
Milk-Vessels, _their Structure_, 112. § 35.
Millipedes, 249. § 15.
Minerals _of all sorts, how easily tryed_, 247. § 48.
Mixture; _the received Doctrine hereof_, 222.
_Its nature explained_, 225.
_Causes_, 229.
_Power and Use_, 231.
Mixture _of the Parts of Plants with several Menstruums_, 239, &c.
_Of Minerals_, 247, &c.
_Of Animals_, 247, &c.
Motions, _Of Plants_, Id. § 16.
_Of Roots, and other Parts_, _see_ Roots, _and other Parts_.
_Of the Sap_, _see_ Sap.
_Of the Aer_, _see_ Aer.
Muciducts, An. 66. § 18.
Mucilages, Id. § 21. & An. 201. § 4.
Musk, _its nature_, 250. §. 29.
N.
Nature _of Bodies, how discoverable_, 235.
Navel-_Fibers_, _see_ Seed.
Nightshade _deadly, of what Tast_, 284. § 9.
Nitre, _of what Tast_, 280. § 6.
Noli me tangere, _how the Seed ejaculated_, 188. § 18.
Number _of Leavs in Flowers_, 165. § 11.
Number _of Seeds_, 198.
Nut _Barbado_, Id. § 30. & 205. § 17.
_Hazel Nut_, 43. § 8. & 186.
O.
Oak-Wood, _described_, An. 20. & 21.
Odors _of Plants, how to be observed_, Id. § 28.
_Some Instances how made_, An. 94. § 64.
_Imitated_, 235.
Olibanum, _its nature_, 258. Query, 2.
Oyls _stillatitious, how mingled with Water &c._, 232. § 7. & 237.
Oyly _Sap, how made_, 132. § 6.
P.
Parenchyma _or Cortical, Pithy, and Pulpy parts of a Plant, their
predominant Principle_, Id. § 48.
_Described in the Root and other parts_, _see_ Root, &c.
_How formed_, _see_ Roots _and_ Leavs.
Peach, _see_ Fruits.
Pear, _see_ Fruits.
Pearls, _their Magistery_, 252. § 43.
Philosophy, _begins and ends with Theology_, 79. § 1.
Pimpinel, _where tasted_, 284. §. 10.
Pith, _its structure_, 76. §. 7. & 120. §. 10, &c.
Plants, _their Natural History how far cultivated_, Id. §. 3.
_Wherein defective_, § 2.
_Fit to be further improved_, § 3. § 63.
_What to be enquired of_, § 6.
_The usefulness hereof_, §. 8.
Plants, _their Nature and Virtue how judged of_, _see_ Virtues.
Plants, _their places of Growth_, Id. 15.
_Proportions_, § 13.
Plants, _their Parts only Two Essentially distinct_, 47. § 14.
Plants; _the general structure of their Parts_, 120. § 11, &c.
Plants, _their Principles how to be observed_, Id. §. 48.
_For what purpose_, § 53.
_What predominant therein_, 240. § 8.
Plants, _how to find out to what kind any one belongs_, 174.
Plum, _see_ Fruits.
Principles _of Bodys_, 223.
_which predominant in the true wood of a_ Plant, Id. § 52.
Principles _of Principles_, Id. § 62.
Protections _of the Leaf and Flower_. _see_ Leaf and Flower.
Pyrethrum _the Root, of what Tast_, 281. §-- _&_ 284. § 7.
R.
Radicle, _see_ Seed.
Raisins, _their Sugar_, Id. § 41.
Rings _annual in the Trunk_, An. 19. § 6.
Roots; _their Original_, 57. § 1.
_Shapes or Figures, & Sizes_, 58. § 4, & 89. § 41.
_Motions_, An. 15. § 24. &c. 34. § 3. 59. § 9. &c. 90. § 48 &c.
_Ages_, 60. § 16. & 91. § 54.
Parts, _the_ Barque, _its Skin_, An. 11, § 2. & An. 61.
Parenchyma _described_, An. 11. § 3. & 63. § 2.
_How form’d_, 87. § 34.
_Its Diametral rays_, 64. § 7.
_Vessels_, 65, 66, 67.
_The_ Wood, _Herein the Insertions_, An. 12. § 10 & 17. § 28. &
70. § 2.
_Lignous Fibers or Vessels_, 70. § 4, 8, 9.
_Aer-Vessels_, An. 12. §. 7. & 71. § 5, 6, 10, &c.
_The_ Pith, An. 13. § 16. & An. 16. § 27. & An. 75, 76. § 7.
Root, _how it grows_, An. 14. § 23.
The Sap, _how imbibed and distributed to its several Parts_,
82. § 15 &c.
_How circulated_, An. 17. § 29.
_How all the parts are form’d_, 84. § 26. &c.
_And differently disposed_, 88. § 36, &c.
_The Colours of Roots_, 170. § 5.
_How made_, 94. § 65.
Root _of Wormwood, where tasted_, 285. § 12.
Rosin, _how made by Art_, 233. § 4.
Rosin _in dryed Roots of Angelica_, Id. § 41.
Common Rosin, _its nature_, 258. Query 2.
S.
Salt _aereal_, Id. § 60.
Salt Alkaline, _in many Plants in their natural estate_, 240. § 9.
Salt _Armoniac_, 246. § 44.
Salt, _essential of Plants, How made_, 262. § 3 &c. & 265. § 3. &c.
_Of several sorts_, Id. § 48.
_Instanced also in those of Rosemary, Black Thorn, Scurvey-Grass,
Wormwood, Ash_, 264. § 6. &c.
_Tastable in good Rhubarb_, Id. § 41.
Salt _fixed, of what use in Purgation_, 260.
Salt Lixivial _of_ Plants, _how imitated_, 233. § 6.
_Of different nature_, 264. § 2.
Salt _of Ash, of what nature_, 267. § 22.
_Of Tartar_, Ib.
_Yielded in different quantitys by the Barque of Ash, Rosemary,
Black-Thorn, Agrimony_, 256. Query 1.
_Garden and Sea Scurvy-grass_, 256. Query 2.
_Mint distill’d, and not_, 256. Query 3.
_Majorane, Oak-Barque, Liquorish, Aniseeds, Sorrel, Garden
Scurveygrass, Mint, Sea Scurveygrass_, 256. Query 4.
_Majorane, Agrimony, Mugwort, Mint, Mallow, Rhubarb, Sena, Jalap,
Colocynthis_, 257. Query 5.
_Flax_, 258. Qu. 1.
_Gum Arabick, Euphorbium, Myrrh, Opium, Aloe, Scammony, Gutta
gamba_, 258. Query 2.
Salt Marine, _its nature_, 246. § 43.
Salt Marine _of Plants, how made by Nature or Art_, 234. § 8,
263. § 12, &c. 266. § 16.
_Of several sorts, instanced in those of Rosemary, Scurveygrass,
Black Thorn, Wormwood_, 266. § 17, &c.
Salt _of the dead Sea_, 263. § 14.
Saps _of_ Plants, _how to be observed_, Id. § 21. _to_ 26. and 31.
_to_ 47.
_Their several kinds_, § 21.
_Receptacles_, § 22.
_Motions_, § 23.
_Quantitys_, § 24.
_Consistence_, § 25.
Sap, _how imbibed, and distributed to the several parts of the Root._
An. 82. § 15. &c.
_Its Circulation therein_, An. 17. § 29.
_where, and how it ascends in the Trunk_, An. 24. § 29. & An. 124.
Sap _and other contents of the several Parts how made_, An. 92. § 57
&c. & 131.
_How a Milky Sap_, An. 67. § 19. & 93. § 60. & 133. § 12 &c.
_How a Winy_, 93. § 62. § 132. § 3 &c.
_How one very Oyly_, 132. § 6 &c.
Scurveygrass Garden, _of what Tast_, 283. § 6.
Scurvey-grass Sea, _its Nature_, 256. Query 4.
Seasons _of_ Plants, Id. § 14.
Secundine, _see_ Seed.
Seeds; _their Case or Uterus_, An. 45, § 2.
_of several manners_, 186.
_Figures_, An. 45. § 3. &c. 195.
_Number_, 198.
_Motions_, 188. § 18 & 199 § 3, &c.
_Stones_, 201. § 2. & 209.
_Mucilages_, 201. § 4.
_Coats or Membranes_, An. 2. § 3. 45. § 3. &c. 46. § 10. 47. § 15 &
201. § 6. 210 &c.
_Apertures_, An 2. § 5. & 200 § 1.
Vitellum, 20. 2. § 9.
_The Fœtus, or true Seed, its Radicle and Lobes,_ An. 2 & 3.
§ 9 _to_ 12. & 203.
_Plume or Bud_, An. 3. § 13. & 206.
_Skin_, An. 4. § 16. & 207. § 9.
_Parenchyma_, An. 4. § 18. & 207. § 10.
_Seminal Root or Vessels_, An 5. § 21. &c. & 207. § 11, &c.
_Navle Fiber_, An. 48. § 17. & 212.
_Content_, 208. § 15.
_The manner of its Vegetation,_ An. 6. § 30, &c.
_Of its Generation,_ An. 48. § 18 &c. & 209 &c.
Shape _of_ Roots, _and other_ Parts, _see_ Roots _and other parts_.
Shells, _their Nature_, 248. § 9, 10, 11.
Skin, _see_ Seed _and other Parts_.
Silver, _its Nature_, 245. § 29.
Smell _of green Carduus_, Id. § 28.
_Of the Pestil of Arum._ Ib.
Soyl, _see_ Earth.
Sperme _of_ Plants, _see_ Flower.
Spirit _of Salt_, 247. § 46.
Spirit _of Salt Armoniac_, 247. § 47.
Spirit _of Peas-Cods_, Id. § 30.
Spirits urinous, _how made less offensive_, Id. § 45.
Spirit _of Wine mixed with Aqua fortis, what thereupon remarkable_,
242. § 26.
Stalks, _see_ Trunks _and_ Branches.
Steel, _its nature_, 244. § 20.
_Mixed with double Aqua fortis, what thereupon remarkable_,
244. §. 22.
Stillatitious Oyls, _how mixed with water_, 232. § 7. & 237.
Stomachick menstruum, 253. § 53.
Stones; _a strange one bred in the stomach_, 252. § 48.
_Others probably bred there_, 253. § 51.
_Of the Kidneys or Bladder, of what nature_, 251. § 32.
_How prevented_, 251. § 41. & 252. § 42.
Gall Stone, _its nature_, 252. § 47.
Bezoar, _its nature_, 252. § 49.
Lead-Spar, 244. § 12.
Lapis Calaminaris, 243. § 9.
Tuthiæ, ibid.
Lazuli, 244. § 12.
Structure _of a Plant_. 120. § 11, _&c._
Sugar _of Raisins and Figs_. Id. § 41.
Sulphur _predominant in the true wood of a Plant_, Id. § 52.
Sun, _its Influence on Plants how to be examined_, Id. § 61.
T.
Tasts of Plants; _how to be observed_, Id. § 29.
_Simple_, 280. § 6.
_Compounded_, 281.
_Their Degree_, 282.
_Motions or Terms_, 283.
_Seat_, 284.
_Causes_, An. 95. § 68 _&c. &_ 286 _&c._
Tast _of Arum Root_, 281. § 21.
_Asparagus Root_, 284. § 10.
_Bonus Henricus_, 284. § 10.
_Calamus Aromaticus_, 283. § 6.
_Celandine little_, 284. § 10.
_Clematis peregrina the Seed-Case_, 283. § 3.
_Colocynthis_, 284. § 8.
_Contrayerva_, 283. § 6.
_Cucumer wild, the Leavs_, 284. § 4, 8.
_Daisy Leavs_, 284. § 10.
_Enula_, 283. § 3, 4.
_Euphormium_, 283. § 6.
_Gentian Root_, 284. § 5, 8.
_Hellebore black, the Root_, 280. § 12. 283. § 3. 284. § 4.
_Jalap_, 283. § 6. 284. § 10.
_Nightshade deadly_, 284. § 9.
_Nitre_ 280. § 6.
_Pimpinel_, 284. § 10.
_Pyrethrum the Root_, 281. § 15. & 284. § 7.
_Tamarisk-Leavs_, Id. § 29.
_Wormwood-Root_, 285. § 12.
_Yarrow_, 283. § 6.
Texture _of a Plant_, 120. § 11, &c.
Thorns, _their kinds_. An. 33. § 1.
Timber, _see_ Trunk.
Tin, _its nature_, 245. § 26.
Tin _mixed with strong Aqua fortis, what thereupon observable_,
245. § 27.
Tincture _of Bawme in Water_, 274. § 11.
_In Spirit of Wine_, 275. §. 14.
Tincture _of Corals, a cheat_, Id. § 28.
Trunks, _and Branches several described as they appear to the naked
Eye_, sc. _of Indian Wheat, Dandelyon, Borage, Colewort,
Holyoak, wild Cucumer, Scorzonera_, _Burdock_, _Endive_, _Vine_,
_Sumach_ 103, &c.
Trunk, _Skin_, An. 19. § 2. & 107. § 2 to 5.
_The Barque_, An. 19. § 3.
_Its Parenchyma_, 108. §. 7.
_Vessels_, 108. § 8. to p. 113.
_The Lympheducts their Structure_, 111. §. 30, &c.
_Milk-Vessels, their Structure_, 112. § 35, &c.
_Different Surface of the Barque how made_, 129. § 4.
_How united to the Wood_, 129. §. 2, 3.
_How this always keeps moyst, not the Pith_, An. 20. § 7. & 93.
§ 58. & 124. §. 2.
_The Wood_, An. 19. § 4. to 11. & An. 20 & 21.
_Its Annual Rings_, An. 19. § 6.
_Insertions_, An. 19. §. 5. 12. to 15. 17. & 128. § 8. &c.
_True wood_, 114. § 10, &c.
_How dilated_, An. 22. § 22, 23.
_And why_, § 24, &c.
_Aer-Vessels_, An. 20. § 8, 9. & 115. § 16, &c.
_How less in the Trunk, than in the Root, and whence formed late in
the year_ &c. 130. § 10. & 131. § 16.
_The Pith_, An. 19. § 5, 18, 19, 20. & 119. to 122 & 129. § 5. &c.
Trunks, _their different Structure whence_, 129.
_Shapes, whence_, 135.
_Motions, whence_, An. 22. § 21. & 136.
Trunks, _how fitted for Mechanick use_, 137.
Trunks, _of their Bleeding_, Id. § 23. & 124. § 3, &c.
Trunk-Roots, An. 27, 28.
Turnep, _described_, An. 13.
V.
Valves, _no where in Plants_, An. p. 21. §. 16.
Vegetables, _see_ Plants.
Vegetation _of the Seed_, _see_ Seed.
_The manner of Vegetation, how judged of_, Id. §. 53.
Vessels _of the Root and other Parts, see_ Root _and other Parts._
Virtues _of Plants, how to be observed and judged of_, Id. §. 12, 30,
47. & p. 236. 290.
_Imitable_, 235.
_The reason of them, how knowable_, Id. §. 55.
Vitriols, _their nature_, 246. §. 38.
Uterus _of Plants, fleshy or membraneous_, 186.
W.
Wallnut, 185.
Water, _how to be examined as relating to Vegetation_.
Water, _how mingled with stillatitious or other Oyls_, 237.
Wood _of the Root and other Parts, see the_ Parts.
Wood _of Beech_, An. 20. & 21.
_Of Oak_, Ibid.
_Its predominant Principle_, Id. §. 52.
Y.
Yarrow _Leavs, their Tast_, 283. §. 6.
THE
EXPLICATION
OF THE
TABLES,
Reduced to a narrow compass; as serving to clear those Particulars,
chiefly, which the _Descriptions_ before given, have not reached.
_The TABLES to the_ First
BOOK, _are Four._
TAB. I.
Figure 1. a, _The Foramen._
F. 2. a, _the Radicle lodged in the Body of the Iner Coat._
F. 3. a, _the Radicle_,
b, _the Plume or Bud_.
F. 4. a, _the Seed covered_;
c, _the Seed open_;
e, _the same magnified_.
F. 5. a, _the Corn covered_;
c, _naked and a little magnified_.
F. 6. a, b, _the two Lobes_;
e, _the Radicle_;
c, _the Radicle and Bud_;
d, _the Hollow in which the Bud lies_.
F. 7. a, _the Seed covered_;
c, _naked_;
e, _open_.
F. 8. a, _one Lobe_;
b, _the Bud_;
b, _magnified_.
F. 9. _the Slice a little magnified_.
F. 10. _The Radicle_ a, _cut transversly_ c.
F. 11. _The Plume or Bud_ a,
_cut transversly_ c.
F. 12. _Cut by the Length._
F. 13. _A Lobe cut transversly._
F. 14. _Both the Lobes pared by the Length, to shew the Seminal Root._
F. 15. a, _the convex side of one Lobe, shewing the Seminal Root
without cuting_;
c, _the flat side_.
TAB. II.
F. 1, 2, & 3. _shew the gradual conversion of the Lobes of the Seed,
into Leavs_.
F. 4. a, _the Radicle cut by the length_;
b, _transversly_.
F. 5. _The white Wedges, are the Insertions; the black, are the Wood;
the pricks are the Aer-Vessels; and the black half ovals, the
Lympheducts in the Barque._
F. 6. _The three black Rings, are the terms of three years growth._
F. 7. a, _the upper part_;
b, _the lower_.
F. 8. _A Turnep cut transversly, and part of the Rind cut off._
F. 9. _sheweth the gradual growth of the Pith_.
TAB. III.
F. 1. _The Bud cut transversly, and part of the Radicle by the Length,
in a Bean newly sprung up._
F. 2. _sheweth the Wood as it appears to the naked Eye._
F. 3. _the Cane split down._
F. 4. _the Corn newly sprouted._
F. 5. _A Branch of five years growth. From the Circumference, to the
utmost black Ring, goes the Barque._
F. 6. a, _a piece of the Stalk_;
b, _magnified_.
F. 7. a, _a piece of Oak-Wood cut transversly_;
b, _the same magnified. The white Lines are the lesser and greater
Insertions. The Pricks, are the Wood. The little and great
Holes two sorts of Aer-Vessels._
F. 8. _Part of a Branch ten years old, with the Barque stripped off,
and cut both transversly and down the length, to shew how the
Barque is inserted into the Wood._
TAB. IV.
F. 1. _shewing how the Insertions appear, in a piece of Beech-Tree
split down, to be braced or woven in together with the Wood._
F. 2 _to_ 11. _shew the different position and Figure of the Lignous
Fibers._
F. 12. a, _one of the Thecæ Seminiformes in a Lily, with the
spermatick Powder therein, as apparent to the naked Eye._
F. 13. a, _one of the suits in the Florid Attire, as it appears to
the naked Eye_;
b, _the Floret_;
c, _the Sheath_;
d, _the Blade_.
F. 14. _Wherein the white Pentangular Acetary is bounded by the
Calculary._
F. 15. _The Branches which run through the Stone to the Flower and
Seed._
F. 16. _The Innermost Cover of the Seed, as shaped when it is ripe._
F. 17. _The Coats cut open._
F. 18. _The Seminal Root._
The _TABLES_ to the _Second BOOK_ are Thirteen.
TAB. V. _sheweth the generation of Roots out of the Descending Trunk.
So_ F. 6. _is a treble Root of three years descent; the
lowermost, half-roted off._
TAB. VI.
F. 1. _sheweth the Surface of the Barque._
F. 2. _the midle part._
F. 3. _the Barque striped._
F. 4. _the Root cut down the length._
F. 5. _the Barque striped off._
F. 6. _the Network both of the Lympheducts, and of the Aer-Vessels._
F. 7. _the Generation of a Bud._
F. 8, 9, 10, 11. _The Root split down, to shew the Position of the
Vessels, and the Figure of the Pith at the top of the Root._
TAB. VII.
_The Roots all cuttransversly, and their Varieties described,
in the second Book, as they appear to the naked Eye._
TAB. VIII.
_Other Roots cut transversly, and the varieties of their Parts also
described in the second Book._
TAB. IX. _More Roots cut transversly._
TAB. X.
F. 1. _A Slice of the Root cut transversly; but a little too big for
the life._
F. 2. A A, _One half of a like slice._
b b, _The Skin._
A A D D, _The Barque or all that part of the Root analogous to it._
G D, _The Lympheducts on the inner edge of the Barque._
G G, _The Wood._
G T, _The Aer-Vessels therein._
T T, _The Pith._
TAB. XI.
F. 1. _The Neck of the Root cut transversly._
F. 2. _One half of the same split down._
F. 3. _Magnified._
A B, _The Skin._
A E, _The Barque._
E E, _The Lympheducts._
_The black Columns under them, are the Wood._
_The Holes in the Columns are the Aer-Vessels._
_The white Columns_ E L, _are Insertions betwixt the Barque and
the Pith._
L e, _The Pith._
e e, _The angular Bladders of the Pith._
TAB. XII.
A, _one half of_ F. 1. _magnified._
A b, _The Skin._
A G, _The Barque, or all that part of the Root which answers to it._
_In which the round black spots, are the Muciducts._
D G, _The common Lympheducts_.
D T, _The Pithy Part of the Root._
T T, _More Lympheducts._
_In both which, the black Holes are the Aer-Vessels._
TAB. XIII.
A, _One half of_ F. 1. _magnified._
A C, _The Skin._
A G, _The Barque, or that part of the Root which answers to it._
D D, _The Milk-Vessels placed in Rings._
E E, _The Parenchymous Rings betwixt them._
G T, _The Bladders streaming in Rays, by the mixture of the
Lympheducts with the Lacteals._
G G, _To the Centre, the Wood._
_In which the Holes are the Aer-Vessels._
TAB. XIIII.
A b, _The skin, which should have been thicker._
A F, _The Barque._
G b, _The Bladders in the outer part of the Barque, oblong and
postured circularly._
S S, _The Bladders in the inner part, standing in Arches._
F F, _A Ring of Sap-Vessels._
d d, _Parenchymous Insertions._
d ld, _The Wood._
_In which, the Holes edged with white Rings are the Aer-Vessels._
TAB. XV.
A A, _The Skin._
A B, _The Barque._
B L, _The Sap-Vessels in the form of a Glory._
B E, _The Wood._
_In which, the Holes are the Aer-Vessels._
G E, _A Ring of more Sap-Vessels._
E E, _The Pith._
TAB. XVI.
A b, _The Skin._
A C, _The Barque._
_In which the round Holes_ B, _are Balsame-Vessels._
B C, _Parcels of Lympheducts._
_In which there are more Balsame-Vessels._
C D, _Parenchymous Insertions._
D E, _Parcels of Wood._
_In which the Holes are the Aer-Vessels._
TAB. XVII.
A, _the Skin._
A B, _The Barque._
L S, _A parcel of Sap-Vessels._
L I, _A Parcel of Wood._
_In which the Holes great and small are Aer-Vessels._
B B, _Parenchymous Insertions betwixt the parcels of Wood._
D D, _Others within them._
The _TABLES_ to the _Third BOOK_ are 23.
TAB. XVIII. _Hereof see the Description in the Third Book_, Chap. I.
TAB. XIX.
F. 1. _A Branch of Corin Tree._
A, _sheweth the surface of the Barque._
B, _Of the wood._
F. 2. _Stalk of Sonchus split down._
F. 3. _Branch of Vine split down._
_In both, the several Storys or Chambers of the Pith._
F. 4. _Branch of Walnut._
A. _an older._
B, _a younger: in both, the Pith parted into transvers Membrans._
TAB. XX.
F. 1. _Sheweth the Surface of a Walking Cane._
_And the Clusters of Aer-Vessels, surrounded with Rings of
Succiferous._
F. 2. _The surface of the Skin of Borage Stalk._
F. 3. _The Turpentine Vessels running through the length of the
Barque; one of them cut down the middle, the other entire._
F. 4. _The Milk-Vessels shewed in the same manner._
TAB. XXI. _Sheweth the Woody and Aer-Vessels by the length of the
Branch, part of the Barque, and wood, being taken away._
TAB. XXII.
A B, _The Skin._
A C, _the Barque._
Q, _the Parenchymous part._
H I, _Parcels of Muciducts in a Ring._
D C, _Common Lympheducts._
C D E F, _the Wood of 3 years growth._
K L M N, _The second years growth._
O ρ, _the great Insertions._
P ρ, _the smaller._
X X, _Lignous parcels._
_Within which the Holes are the Aer-Vessels._
E F G, _the Pith._
TAB. XXIII.
A B, _the Skin._
A C, _the Barque._
Q, _the simple Parenchyma._
H I, _a Ring of special Vessels._
P, _common Sap-Vessels._
C D E F, _the Wood of 3 years growth._
K L M N, _one years growth._
X, _great Insertions._
P O, _lesser between them._
_The black parcels are the wood._
_In which the Holes are the Aer-Vessels._
E F G, _the Pith._
TAB. XXIV.
A B, _the Skin._
A B C D, _the Bark._
N N, _the Parenchyma._
H I, _a Ring of special Sap-Vessels._
D M C, _Parcels of Lympheducts._
C D E F, _the Wood._
E F L K, _one years growth._
K P Q L, _the larger Aer-vessels in the several parcels of Wood._
ρ ρ, _the lesser Aer-vessels._
M T, _the insertions._
E F G, _the Pith._
TAB. XXV.
A B, _the Skin._
A B C D, _the Barque._
H I, _Special Sap Vessels in arched parcels._
O O, _the common Sap-vessels which begin to turn into Wood._
C D E F, _the Wood._
K L M N, _one years growth._
_The Holes are the Aer-vessels in the wood._
ρ ρ, _the true wood._
O z, O y, _the Insertions._
E F, _other Sap-vessels._
E F G, _The Pith._
TAB. XXVI.
A B, _the Skin._
A B C D, _the Barque._
Q Q, _the Parenchyma._
H I, _Special Sap-vessels in arched parcels._
D C, _a Ring of common Lympheducts._
D C F E, _the Wood._
K L M N, _one years growth._
_The Holes are the Aer-Vessels._
O O, _the greater Insertions._
P O, _the smaller._
E F, _other Sap-vessels._
E F G, _the Pith._
TAB. XXVII.
A B, _the Skin._
A B C D, _the Barque._
W V, _the Parenchyma._
H I, _round parcels of Sap-Vessels._
D C, _the common Sap-Vessels._
D C E F, _the Wood of 5 years growth._
Q R F E, _one years growth._
X X, _the true wood._
_The Holes both great and small are the Aer-Vessels._
S S, _The great insertions._
T S, _the smaller._
E F G, _the Pith._
TAB. XXVIII.
A B, _the skin._
A B C D, _the Barque._
H T I, _special Sap-Vessels in round Parcels._
D S C, _common Sap-Vessels._
D C E F, _the Wood of five years growth._
ρ ρ, _the true wood._
K L &c., _the great Aer-Vessels._
D C, _the smaller._
S S, _the Insertions._
E F S, _the Pith._
TAB. XXIX.
A B C D, _the Barque._
A B, _a Ring of Sap-Vessels in round parcels next the Skin._
H I, _the Parenchyma._
_Another Ring of round parcels._
D O C, _Common Lympheducts._
D C E F, _the wood._
M N E F, _one years growth._
S S, _the true wood._
K L, _the great Aer-Vessels._
P Q, _the lesser._
O O, _the Insertions._
E F G, _the Pith._
e, _the Bladders of the Pith._
TAB. XXX.
A B, _the Skin._
A B C D, _the Barque._
R R, _the Parenchyma._
H R I, _two Rings of special Sap-Vessels._
D C, _Common Lympheducts._
D C E F, _the wood of four years growth._
d d, _the true wood._
Q d, _part of it whiter, by the mixture of special Sap-Vessels
represented by the transvers Lines._
M N, _the great Aer-Vessels._
c e, _parcels of lesser ones._
E F, _a Ring of other Sap-Vessels._
E F G, _the Pith._
TAB. XXXI.
A B C D, _the Barque._
m m, _the Parenchyma._
H m I, _Milk Vessels in arched parcels._
D K C, _Lympheducts._
D C E F, _the wood of one years growth._
S T, _probably milk Vessels heretofore._
_The Holes in the Aer-Vessels._
K K, _the Insertions._
E v F, _other Milk-Vessels._
E F G, _the Pith._
TAB. XXXII.
A B C D, _the Barque._
M N, _the Parenchyma._
D L C, _the Lympheducts._
H I, _the Vessels which carry the Turpentine._
D C F E, _the Wood._
L L, _the Insertions._
E F G, _the Pith._
_The greater Holes both in the Wood and Pith, are more Turpentine
Vessels._
TAB. XXXIII.
A B C D, _the Barque._
X Y, _The Parenchyma._
K X Y L, _Special Vessels in round parcels._
H I, _others in a Ring._
D C, _Common Lympheducts._
D C E F, _the wood._
S Z T, _probably one sort of Sap-Vessels heretofore in the Barque._
Q M Q N, _small Aer-Vessels._
M N, _great Aer-Vessels._
R Q, _the small Insertions._
Q Q, _the great ones._
E F G, _the Pith._
TAB. XXXIV.
A B a a, _the hairy Skin._
A B C D, _the Barque._
H w I, _the Parenchyma._
D M C, _the common Lympheducts._
K L, _the Milk Vessels._
v, _one Vessel._
H I, _Another sort of Lympheducts, arched over the Milk Vessels._
X X, _seems to be a third sort of Lympheducts._
D C F E, _the Wood._
M M, _the Insertions._
X X, _the true Wood._
_The Holes therein are the Aer-Vessels._
E F, _a Ring of Lympheducts._
E F G, _the Pith._
TAB. XXXV.
A B C D, _the Barque._
A M B, _the Parenchyma._
H M I, _Balsam Vessels._
K L, _another sort of Sap-Vessels in parcels._
K L D C, _Lympheducts._
D C E F, _The Wood._
_In which the Holes are the Aer-Vessels._
M M, _the Insertions._
E F, _more Balsame-Vessels._
E F G, _the Pith._
TAB. XXXVI.
a a, _part of a Vine-Branch cut transversly, and also split half
way down the midle._
B B, _The same magnified. Shewing the Position of the Bladders in
the Barque and Pith in perpendicular Rows; in the Insertions,
in Horizontal Rows._
_And the Vessels or Parcels of Wood not raced as in many other
Trees._
TAB. XXXVII.
_Sheweth the bracing of the Vessels. And how the several Parcels
of Vessels or Wood are interwoven with the Insertions._
TAB. XXXVIII. A B C D, _the Barque._
H I, _The Parenchyma._
e e, _A sort of Sap-Vessels._
a a, _Another sort._
c c, _Milk Vessels._
D C E F, _the Wood._
V V, _the Aer-Vessels._
t t, _More Lympheducts._
s s, _More Milk-Vessels._
a t, _The Insertions._
E F G, The Pith, _composed of angular Bladders, the Bladders of
Threds, and the Threds of single Fibers._
ρ, _One of the single Fibers._
TAB. XXXIX. _Sheweth the Structure of the Lympheducts or of the
Lignous Fibers both in the Barque, and the Wood._
F. 1. a, & F. 2, _A single Vessel in the Barque of Flax, composed of
a great number of other Lignous Fibers; with which also the
Parenchymous are intermixd. Not visible, except very highly
magnified._
F. 3. _A parcel of the same Vessels in Wood._
F. 4, & F. 5. _shew the manner of the Ascent of the Sap, both in the
Lympheducts, and in the Lactiferous and other larger Vessels._
TAB. XL. _The Fibers which hang down from the Barque are the
Lympheducts; one of which is composed of a great many other
smaller Fibers._
_The large Tubes are the Milk-Vessels composed of Bladders._
_The Fibers which hang down from the wood, are some of them the old
Lympheducts turn’d to wood._
_And some, Aer-Vessels unroav’d._
_The thin Plate between the two wedges of wood, is one of the
Insertions, composed of Bladders, and those Bladders of Threds._
_The remainder, is part of the Pith, composed of Thredy or Fibrous
Bladders._
The _TABLES_ to the _Fourth BOOK_ are 42.
TAB. XLI.
b, _a Dock-Leaf covered with the Veil._
d, _the Leaf naked._
a c, _the Veil spred open._
_In Clary, the Bud is embraced by the Curled Leavs._
_In Sumach, the Bud lies within the Stalk, as an Egg or Kernel
within a shell._
TAB. XLII.
F. 1. _sheweth how the Pipes are inclosed one within another._
F. 2. a, _the Leaf foulded up._
b, _opened._
F. 3. a b, _the Bud._
b, _a little magnified._
F. 4. a b, _the Leaf rowled up, inward._
c, _a little magnified and cut transversly, to show the Rowl._
F. 5. a, _the Leaf rowled up._
b, _magnified and cut transversly._
F. 6. a, _the Leaf rowled backward._
b, _magnified and cut transversly._
TAB. XLIII.
F. 1. _sheweth the Tenter-Hooks, by which the Leaf climbs._
F. 2. _sheweth the Globulets, turned to a white powder._
_The Leaf of Jerusalem Cowslip sheweth the Way of the Insect
under the Skin._
TAB. XLIV. & XLV. _sheweth the Measures of Leavs by the Circumference._
Tab. XLVI & XLVII. _sheweth the proportion between the chief Fibers;
and also the Angles they usually make together._
TAB. XLVIII.
F. 1, 2, & 3. _shew the Apertures in several Leavs._
F. 4. _sheweth the same. And likewise, the peculiar composure of the
Bladders and Fibers of the Leaf._
TAB. XLIX.
_showeth the difference in the Bladders, and in the Position of the
Lignous Fibers in the Stalks of Leavs._
TAB. L.
_sheweth the Pulp of a Borage-Leaf and many others composed of
Bladders; the sides of which Bladders, are made of other smaller
ones._
_And the distribution of the Lignous Fibers (and of the Aer-Vessels
sheathed within them) not like that of Veins in Animals, but of
the Nervs, &c. See the description of the Leaf._
TAB LI.
F. 1. _The appearance of the Aer-Vessels like Cobwebs to the naked
Eye, upon breaking the Leaf._
F. 2. _A small piece cut off of the Leaf._
F. 3. _The same magnified in which the same Vessels look like spiral
wyers stretched out._
F. 4. _The same as they stand entire within the Wood._
TAB. LII. _Representeth the Aer-Vessels of Scabious, as in_ Tab. LI.
TAB. LIII.
_Sheweth the manner of the Generation of the Leaf; chiefly, by the
help of several Salts, wherewith the Sap is impregnated._
F. 5. (1) _The Foundation of the work._
F. 6. (1 & 2) _strengthened._
F. 7. (1 & 3); _in which (3) is set with the square end to end: and
with the point-side of one, to that of another._
F. 8. _The same, directing the Position of the Lignous Fibers at very
Acute Angles._
F. 9. _At less Acute Angles._
F. 10. _The greater Fibers at Acute, and the smaller at Right Angles._
F. 11. _The greater at Right Angles with the help of (1) (2) or (3)._
F. 12. (3) _directing the Fiber in the Edge of the Leaf into a greater
Circle._
F. 13. _Into a less, and with divers Diameters._
F. 14. (4) _directing the Parenchymous Fibers in making the Bladders._
F. 15. _In winding from one Bladder to another._
F. 17. _Or about the Lignous Fibers._
F. 16. _In making the Aer-Vessels._
TAB. LIV.
_sheweth how Nature manages the Folds of Flowers according to
their Shape._
TAB. LV.
F. 1. _sheweth the Edges of the Leaf fastned by their Indented Hairs._
F. 2. _The Balsamick Knobs in the place of Hairs._
F. 3. _The number 5 running 3 times into its self in 13._
F. 4. _And five times in_ 21.
F. 5. &c. _The Seminiform Attire in Clematis Austriaca. With one of
the Thecæ magnified; of which, there are about 30 or 40 in one
Flower._
F. 8, &c. _The same in Blattaria, with one of the Thecæ magnified;
of which are there about 5 in one Flower._
TAB. LVI.
_The same in yellow Henbane._
_With one of the Thecæ magnified; of which there are about 5 in one
Flower._
_And the Column on the top of the Seed-Case._
TAB. LVII.
_The same in St. Johns wort, entire, together with the Seed-Case or
Uterus._
TAB. LVIII.
_The Varieties of the Spermatick Particles in the Seminiform Attire._
TAB. LIX.
_The Florid Attire of Golden Rod_;
_In which, the several suits consist but of two pieces. And of which
Attire, the Flower doth almost wholly consist._
TAB. LX.
F. 1, &c. _The same Attire in French Marigold or Flos Africanus, with
one suit magnified. Of which, there are about 12, in one Flower;
and every suit consisting of 3 Pieces._
F. 5. _One of another Flower, consisting also of 3 Pieces._
TAB. LXI.
_One suit of the same Attire in Marigold, and Knapweed, each of them
consisting of three Pieces._
F. 5. a, _The Attire of one Piece, proper to each Leaf in a Marigold
Flower, besides that in the bosome of the Flower._
F. 8. a b, _the Seed-Case or Uterus at the bottom of every suit._
TAB. LXII.
_The Attire (of 3 Pieces) proper to each Leaf in the Flower of
Cichory._
TAB. LXIII.
_sheweth the Flower of Mezereon perfectly formed in all its Parts,
in the year before it appears. But differs in Shape, as a
Fœtus doth when newly formed._
TAB. LXIV. _sheweth the same in the Flower of Asarum._
TAB. LXV.
_sheweth the position of the 20 chief Branches in an Apple._
_Their Production from the Stalk to the Seeds and Flower._
_And a part of the Parenchyma magnified,_ sc. _that which is
pricked out from the Coar to the Skin; shewing the oblong
Figure of the Bladders, and the Divisions in every Bladder._
TAB. LXVI.
F. 1, &c. _sheweth the Bladders in the Rind of a Limon conteining
the Oyl._
_The Bags and Bladders of the Pulp, conteining the sower Juyce._
_And the Position of the Vessels belongeth to the Fruit, Seed, and
Flower._
F. 5. _shews the same Vessels, and treble Parenchyma in a Cucumer._
TAB. LXVII.
_Representeth the Parts of a Pear._
_The position and production of the Vessels._
_The Chanel from the top of the Pear to the botome of the Coar._
_The Tartareous Knots._
_And the Bladders radiated to them._
TAB. LXVIII.
_See the Descriptions of Fruits; and the last Chapter of the
Generation of the Seed._
TAB. LXIX.
F. 5. _Sheweth the Parts of a Goosberry._
_The darker part is the sower Rind. Consisting of two sorts of
Bladders, of which some very small, and others very great._
_The white pieces on the circumference of the Berry, are the
Lignous Fibers._
_The two opposite white and radiated Bodys are the Midle Parenchyma._
_And the oblong Bags round about the several Seeds or Seed-Cases,
are the sweet Pulp._
TAB. LXX.
_Sheweth the Seed-Case of Radish opened, and the Seeds hanging on
two Ropes._
_That of Poppey both entire, and split down the midle._
_A slice of the Cod of Garden-Bean, while very young; and therein
the Bladders and Threds of the Spongy Parenchyma._
_And the gradual ripening and opening of that of yellow Henbane._
TAB. LXXI.
_Sheweth the Seed Case of Tulip entire, cut transversly, and split
downe._
_A slice of Thorn-Apple, or of the Seed-Case of Stramonium, while
young._
_That of Pimpinel naturally divided into two Hemisphers; with the
Button, on which the Seeds grow, erected in the middle._
_The manner of the ejaculation of the Seed, in Coded Arsmart._
_And the Coats of the Seed of Azarum formed the year before it
ripens._
TAB. LXXII.
_sheweth the measures of Plum-stones._
_The Apertures, and Divisions, of the covers of the Seed._
_The Seed and Seed-Case of Harts Tongue, opened with a Spring._
_And other contrivances both for the Motion, and Arrest of other
Seeds._
TAB. LXXIII & LXXIV. _See the Descriptions._
_In_ Tab. 74. _the corners and edges of that of Fox-glove should
have been rounder._
_The Figures are all done pretty near a Scale._
TAB. LXXV.
_The Belly and Back of a Datestone, and the small sprouting Node
taken out of the Hole in the back cut open._
_The Shapes and Foulds of divers Seeds._
_The Vitellum of Orach, and Rhapontick._
_In great blew-Lupine_, d, _the Navle_; b, _the descending part of
the Radicle._
TAB. LXXVI.
_Flag._ 1, _the Seed._
2, _split open._
3, _the true Seed which lies in the hollow made in the Cover._
(2) 4, _one half of_ (2) _magnifyd._
5, _the Seed (3) magnifyd._
_Purging Angola Nut._ 1, _with the shell on._
2, _taken off._
3, _the soft Cover split down._
4, _the Seed which lies in it; the Lobes hereof answerable to two
Leaves, and Radicle to the Stalk._
_And so in the rest._
TAB. LXXVII.
_Coffee Berry stone._
1, _The belly of the Stone._
2, _the Back._
3, _pared a little._
4, _the Kernel taken out of it._
5, _the same magnifyd._
_Goosgrass._
1, _the entire Seed._
2, _the back of the hard Cover._
3, _the belly._
4, _cut in two._
5, _the same magnifyd._
6, _the true Seed taken out of it._
_Staphisagria._
1, _the entire Seed._
2, _the hard Cover._
3, _Split in two._
4, _the true Seed taken out of it._
5, _The same magnifyd._
_Peony_,
1, _the Seed commonly so call’d._
2, _one half of it split down._
3, _the other half._
4, _the true seed taken out of it._
5, _the same magnifyd._
_Stramonium._
1, _the Seed entire._
2, _the iner thick cover._
3, _the same split in two._
4, _the true seed taken out of it._
5, _half the thick Cover (3) magnifyd._
6, _the Seed (4) magnifyd._
TAB. LXXVIII.
_Some examples of the Buds of Seeds before they are sown._
_Sena._ 1, _the naked Seed._
2, _the Lobes divided to shew the Bud._
3, _one Lobe with the Bud magnifyd._
_Carduus Benedictus._ 1, _the entire Seed._
2, _with the outer Covers off._
3, _naked._
4, _divided._
5, _that half with the Bud, magnifyd._
_Hemp._ 1, _the naked Seed divided._
2, 3, _the same magnifyd._
_Almond._ 1. _one half of the Kernel._
2, _the Radicle and Bud at the bottom of it._
3, _the same broken off._
4, _magnifyd._
5, _opened._
TAB. LXXIX.
F. 1. a b, _Part of the outer Coat._
c d, _Part of the Inner Coat._
c d e, _one Lobe cover’d with the Skin._
f g, _the other, with the Skin and part of the Parenchyma pared
off._
f f, _the Skin._
h h, _the Parenchyma._
i i, _the Seminal Root._
k k, _the Radicle._
k l, _where it is cut off from the Lobes._
M, _the Plume or Bud._
N, _The Cavitys in which it is lodg’d._
F. 2. _Sheweth the Barque, Vessels and Pith of the Radicle._
TAB. LXXX.
F. 1. _A Slice of a young Apricock, cut transversly, near the lower
end; shewing the duplicature of the Skin half way through the
Stone._
F. 2. _A Slice, cut near the upper end; shewing the duplicature of
the Skin quite through the Stone._
F. 3. _A well-grown Apricock cut by the length._
F. 4, 5, _The Membranes of a Filbert full ripe._
F. 6. _The Membranes of a young Apricock, with part of the
Seed-branch._
F. 7. _the two Membranes cut by the length._
TAB. LXXXI.
F. 1, _The outer and midle Coats or Membranes; with the Chanel, oval
at both ends, now formed in the latter._
F. 2, _Part of the same, with the upper Oval grown larger, and the
inmost Cover now also formed therein._
F. 3. _the same with the inmost cover grown larger._
F. 4. _the Inmost Cover more magnified, and the hollow in the smaller
end, laid open, to shew the Seed it self, newly begun in a
round Node._
F. 5. _the same; in which the Node begins to be divided into two
Lobes._
F. 6, 7, 8, _the gradual forming of the Lobes._
F. 9, _next the forming of the Radicle._
f. 10, 11, _Its gradual contraction at the point, into a short and
slender Navle string._
_Which in the further growth of the Seed, breaks and disappears._
TAB. LXXXII.
a a, _the Pulp, or open Parenchyma._
b b, _the close Parenchyma or ground of the Stone._
c c, _the Flower-Branch running through the body of the Stone._
d d, _the Seed-Branch striking into the hollow of the Stone, and
so running round the outer Membrane_ e e.
f f, _the middle Membrane._
g g, _the Chanel._
h, _the inner Membrane, in which lies the Seed._
TAB. LXXXIII.
F. 1, _the manner of the generation of the Essential Salts of Plants._
F. 2, _a Crystal of the Essential Salt of Rosemary, a little magnifyd._
F. 3, a b, _two of Wormwood_,
a, _upon the second Solution_;
b, _upon the first_.
F. 4, _one of G. Scurvygrass_;
a, _one side_;
b _the other_.
F. 5, _a Crystal of the Marine Salt of Rosemary._
F. 6, _of Garden Scurvy-grass_;
a _the upper side_;
b. _the nether_.
F. 7, _of Wormwood._
F. 8, _of Black Thorn._
F. 9, _another of the same._
F. 10, _of Firne._
F. 11, _another of Wormwood._
FINIS.
[Illustration: _Tab. 1._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 2._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 3._]
[Illustration: _Tab. IV._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 5._]
[Illustration: _Tab. VI._]
[Illustration: _Tab. VII._]
[Illustration: _Tab. VIII._]
[Illustration: _Tab: 9._]
[Illustration: _Tab. X._]
[Illustration: _Tab. XI._]
[Illustration: _Tab. XII._]
[Illustration: _Tab. XIII._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 14._]
[Illustration: _Tab: 15._]
[Illustration: _Tab. XVI._]
[Illustration: _Tab XVII_]
[Illustration: _Tab 18_]
[Illustration: _Tab 19._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 20._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 21._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 22._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 23._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 24._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 25._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 26._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 27._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 28._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 29._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 30._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 31_]
[Illustration: _Tab. 32_]
[Illustration: _Tab. 33_]
[Illustration: _Tab. 34_]
[Illustration: _Tab. 35_]
[Illustration: TAB XXXVI.]
[Illustration: _Tab. 37._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 38_]
[Illustration: _Tab XXXIX._]
[Illustration: _Tab: XL_]
[Illustration: TAB. XXXXI]
[Illustration: _Tab. 42._]
[Illustration: _Tab: 43_]
[Illustration: _Tab_ XLIIII.]
[Illustration: _Tab._ XLV.]
[Illustration: _Tab. 46._]
[Illustration: _TAB. XLVII._]
[Illustration: TAB. XLVIII.]
[Illustration: TAB. XLIX.]
[Illustration: _Tab. 50._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 51._]
[Illustration: _Tab. LII_]
[Illustration: _Tab. LIII_]
[Illustration: _Tab. LIV_]
[Illustration: _Tab. 55._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 56._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 57._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 58._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 59._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 60._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 61._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 62._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 63._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 64._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 65._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 66._]
[Illustration: TAB. LXVII]
[Illustration: _Tab. 68._ (_See Tab. 80. &c._)]
[Illustration: _Tab. 69._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 70._]
[Illustration: _Tab._ LXXI.]
[Illustration: _Tab_ LXXII.]
[Illustration: TAB LXXIII.]
[Illustration: _Tab_ LXXIIII]
[Illustration: _Tab: 75._]
[Illustration: _Tab: 76_]
[Illustration: Tab. 77.]
[Illustration: _Tab. 78._]
[Illustration: _Tab: LXXIX._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 80_]
[Illustration: _Tab. 81._]
[Illustration: _Tab 82._]
[Illustration: _Tab. 83._]