lighter colored sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Of common occurrence throughout the state.
HABITAT.--Prefers a rich, moist, loamy soil, but grows in any
well-drained situation; common along stream-beds.
NOTES.--Grows rapidly. Easily transplanted. Fairly free from disease.
Leaves appear late in spring.
[Illustration: +Red Ash+
1. Winter twig, × 1.
2. Leaf, × 1/3.
3. Staminate flowering branchlet, × 1/2.
4. Staminate flower, enlarged.
5. Pistillate flowering branchlet, × 1/2.
6. Pistillate flower, enlarged.
7. Fruit, × 1.]
+OLEACEAE+
+Red Ash+
_Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh._ [_Fraxinus pubescens Lam._]
HABIT.--A medium-sized tree 30-50 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 1-2
feet; stout, upright branches and slender branchlets form a compact,
broad, irregular crown.
LEAVES.--Opposite, pinnately compound, 10-12 inches long. Leaflets 7-9,
3-5 inches long, 1-1-1/2 inches broad; short-stalked; oblong-lanceolate
to ovate; slightly serrate or entire; thin and firm; glabrous,
yellow-green above, pale and silky-downy beneath. Petioles stout,
pubescent.
FLOWERS.--May, with the leaves; dioecious; borne in compact, downy
panicles on shoots of the previous season; calyx cup-shaped, 4-toothed;
corolla 0; stamens 2, rarely 3; ovary 2-celled.
FRUIT.--Early autumn, persistent on the branches throughout the winter;
samaras 1-2 inches long, in open, paniculate clusters.
WINTER-BUDS.--Small, rounded; bud-scales rounded on the back, 3 pairs,
rusty-brown, tomentose.
BARK.--Twigs pale-pubescent at first, lasting 2-3 years or often
disappearing during the first summer, finally ashy gray or brownish and
often covered with a glaucous bloom; brown or dark gray on the trunk,
with many longitudinal, shallow furrows; somewhat scaly.
WOOD.--Heavy, hard, strong, brittle, coarse-grained, light brown, with
thick, yellow-streaked sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Not a common tree. Most frequent in the southern half of
the Lower Peninsula, but has been reported further north, i.e.,
Drummond's Island and Keweenaw County, Upper Peninsula.
HABITAT.--Prefers wet or moist, rich loam; river-banks; swampy lowlands.
NOTES.--A rapid grower in youth. Fairly immune from insect and fungous
diseases.
[Illustration: +Green Ash+
1. Winter twig, × 1.
2. Leaf, × 1/3.
3. Staminate flowering branchlet, × 1/2.
4. Staminate flower, enlarged.
5. Pistillate flowering branchlet, × 1/2.
6. Pistillate flower, enlarged.
7. Fruit, × 1.]
+OLEACEAE+
+Green Ash+
_Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg._ [_Fraxinus lanceolata
Borkh._] [_Fraxinus viridis Michx. f._]
Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, and by others a
variety of _F. pennsylvanica Marsh._, which it resembles. The main
points of difference are:
The usual absence of pubescence from the branchlets,
the underside of the leaflets, and the petioles.
The rather narrower, shorter, and more sharply
serrate leaflets.
The color of the leaves, which is bright green on both
sides.
A very hardy tree, of rapid growth and desirable habit, making it useful
for ornamental and street planting. Easily transplanted.
Of rare occurrence in Michigan, but has been reported from several
localities.
[Illustration: +Blue Ash+
1. Winter twig, × 1.
2. Leaf, × 1/2.
3. Flowering branchlet, × 1.
4. Flower, enlarged.
5. Fruit, × 1/2.]
+OLEACEAE+
+Blue Ash+
_Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx._
HABIT.--A large tree 50-80 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 1-3 feet;
small, spreading branches and stout, 4-angled, more or less 4-winged
branchlets form a narrow crown.
LEAVES.--Opposite, pinnately compound, 8-12 inches long. Leaflets 5-9,
usually 7, 3-5 inches long, 1-2 inches broad; short-stalked;
ovate-oblong to lanceolate, long-pointed; coarsely serrate; thick and
firm; yellow-green above, paler beneath, glabrous. Petioles slender,
glabrous.
FLOWERS.--April, before the leaves; perfect; borne in loose panicles on
shoots of the previous season; calyx reduced to a ring; corolla 0;
stamens 2; ovary 2-celled.
FRUIT.--September-October, falling soon after; samaras 1-2 inches long,
in long, loose, paniculate clusters.
WINTER-BUDS.--Short, rather obtuse; bud-scales rounded on the back, 3
pairs, dark red-brown, somewhat pubescent.
BARK.--Twigs orange, rusty-pubescent, becoming brownish or grayish; on
the trunk light gray tinged with red, irregularly divided into large,
plate-like scales, often with the shaggy appearance of a Shagbark
Hickory.
WOOD.--Heavy, hard, close-grained, brittle, light yellow-streaked with
brown, with thick, light yellow sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Occasionally in the southern half of the Lower Peninsula.
Nowhere abundant.
HABITAT.--Prefers rich, limestone hills, but grows well in fertile
bottom-lands.
NOTES.--Hardy and grows rapidly. A blue dye is made by macerating the
inner bark in water.
[Illustration: +Black Ash+
1. Winter twig, × 1.
2. Leaf, × 1/3.
3. Staminate flowering branchlet, × 1/2.
4. Staminate flower, enlarged.
5. Pistillate flowering branchlet, × 1/2.
6. Pistillate flowers, enlarged.
7. Fruit, × 1.]
+OLEACEAE+
+Black Ash+
_Fraxinus nigra Marsh._ [_Fraxinus sambucifolia Lam._]
HABIT.--A tall tree 60-80 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 1-2 feet;
slender, upright branches form in the forest a narrow crown, in the open
a rounded, ovoid crown.
LEAVES.--Opposite, pinnately compound, 12-16 inches long. Leaflets 7-11,
3-5 inches long, 1-2 inches broad; sessile, except the terminal; oblong
to oblong-lanceolate, long-pointed; remotely, but sharply serrate; thin
and firm; dark green above, paler beneath, glabrous. Petioles stout,
grooved, glabrous.
FLOWERS.--May, before the leaves; polygamo-dioecious; borne in loose
panicles on shoots of the preceeding season; calyx 0; corolla 0; stamens
2; ovary 2-celled.
FRUIT.--August-September, falling early, or sometimes hanging on the tree
until the following spring; samaras 1-1-1/2 inches long, in open,
paniculate clusters 8-10 inches long.
WINTER-BUDS.--Ovoid, pointed; bud-scales rounded on the back, 3 pairs,
almost black.
BARK.--Twigs at first dark green, becoming ashy gray or orange, finally
dark gray and warted; thin, soft ash-gray and scaly on the trunk. Bark
flakes off on rubbing with the hand.
WOOD.--Heavy, tough, coarse-grained, weak, rather soft, dark brown, with
thin, lighter colored sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Common throughout most portions of Michigan.
HABITAT.--Prefers deep, cold swamps and low river-banks, but grows in any
good soil.
NOTES.--Hardy throughout the state. Not easily transplanted. Foliage
falls early in autumn.
+SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CATALPA+
a. Leaves 5-8 inches long, thick; flowers 1-1/2 inches across,
prominently yellow-spotted; seeds with _pointed_, fringed
wings at each end; branches rather crooked and straggling;
bark thin, separating into thin scales on the trunk. _C.
bignonioides_, p. 227.
aa. Leaves 8-12 inches long, thin; flowers 2-1/2 inches
across, not prominently spotted; seeds with _rounded_,
wide-fringed wings at each end; branches not crooked and
straggling; bark thick, separating into thick scales on the
trunk. _C. speciosa_, p. 225.
+WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CATALPA+
a. Fruiting capsules about 1/4 inch thick; seeds with
_pointed_, fringed wings at each end; branches rather crooked
and straggling; bark thin, separating into thin scales on the
trunk. _C. bignonioides_, p. 227.
aa. Fruiting capsules about 1/2 inch thick, seeds with
_rounded_, wide-fringed wings at each end; branches not
crooked and straggling; bark thick, separating into thick
scales on the trunk. _C. speciosa_, p. 225.
[Illustration: +Hardy Catalpa+
1. Winter twig, × 1.
2. Leaf, × 1/4.
3. Panicle of flowers, × 3/8.
4. Fruit, × 1/2.
5. Seed, × 1.]
+BIGNONIACEAE+
+Hardy Catalpa+
_Catalpa speciosa Warder._
HABIT.--A tree 50-75 feet high, with a short, often crooked trunk and a
broad, rounded crown of slender, spreading branches and thick
branchlets.
LEAVES.--Opposite or whorled, simple, 8-12 inches long, 6-8 inches broad;
heart-shaped; entire or sometimes slightly lobed; thick and firm;
glabrous, dark green above, downy beneath, with clusters of dark,
nectariferous glands in the axils of the primary veins, turning black
and falling with the first severe frost; petioles long, stout, terete.
FLOWERS.--June-July, after the leaves are full grown; perfect; borne on
slender, purplish pedicels in open, few-flowered panicles 5-6 inches
long; calyx 2-lobed, purple; corolla white with inconspicuous yellow
spots, campanulate, 5-lobed, 2-1/2 inches broad; stamens 2, staminodia
3; ovary 2-celled.
FRUIT.--Ripens in early autumn; slender, 2-celled, cylindrical capsule
10-20 inches long and about 1/2 inch thick; hangs on tree all winter,
opening in spring before falling; seeds light brown, 1 inch long, with
rounded, wide-fringed wings at each end.
WINTER-BUDS.--Terminal bud absent; lateral buds brownish, globose,
inconspicuous.
BARK.--Twigs greenish, often with purple tinge, becoming orange or
red-brown and covered with a slight bloom the first winter, finally
darker with age; thick, red-brown, broken into thick scales on the
trunk.
WOOD.--Light, soft, weak, coarse-grained, light brown, with very thin,
almost white sapwood; very durable in contact with the soil.
NOTES.--A native of Illinois, Indiana, and the states adjoining on the
south, but much planted in Michigan as a shade and ornamental tree.
Closely resembles _C. bignonioides_, but is a larger and hardier tree.
[Illustration: +Catalpa+
1. Winter twig, × 1.
2. Leaf, × 3/8.
3. Panicle of flowers, × 1/3.
4. Fruit, × 1/2.
5. Seed, × 1.]
+BIGNONIACEAE+
+Catalpa+
_Catalpa bignonioides Walt._ [_Catalpa catalpa (L.) Karst._]
HABIT.--A tree 40-30 feet high, with a short, thick trunk and a broad,
irregular crown of long, crooked branches and coarse, upright
branchlets.
LEAVES.--Opposite or whorled, simple, 5-8 inches long, 4-5 inches broad;
heart-shaped; entire or sometimes slightly lobed; thin and firm;
glabrous, light green above, downy beneath, with dark, nectariferous
glands in the axils of the primary veins, turning black and falling with
the first severe frost; petioles long, stout, terete.
FLOWERS.--June-July, after the leaves are full grown; perfect; borne on
slender, hairy pedicels in compact, many-flowered panicles 8-10 inches
long; calyx 2-lobed, green or purple; corolla white with yellow spots,
campanulate, 5-lobed, 1-1/2 inches broad; stamens 2, staminodia 3; ovary
2-celled.
FRUIT.--Ripens in early autumn; slender, 2-celled, cylindrical capsule
8-20 inches long and about 1/4 inch thick; hangs on tree all winter,
opening in spring before falling; seeds silvery gray, 1 inch long, with
pointed, fringed wings at each end.
WINTER-BUDS.--Terminal bud absent; lateral buds, brownish, globose,
inconspicuous.
BARK.--Twigs greenish purple, becoming red-brown and marked by a network
of thin, flat ridges; thin, red-brown on the trunk, separating into
large, thin, irregular scales.
WOOD.--Light, soft, weak, coarse-grained, light brown, with very thin,
whitish sapwood; very durable in contact with the soil.
NOTES.--A native of the Lower Mississippi River Basin, but naturalized in
southern Michigan, where it is a popular shade and ornamental tree.
Foliage appears very tardily in spring.
[Illustration: +Sheepberry. Nannyberry+
1. Winter twig, with leaf buds, × 1.
2. Winter twig, with flower bud, × 1.
3. Leaf, × 3/4.
4. Flower, enlarged.
5. Fruiting branchlet, × 1/2.]
+CAPRIFOLIACEAE+
+Sheepberry. Nannyberry+
_Viburnum lentago L._
HABIT.--A low tree or shrub 15-25 feet high, with a short trunk 6-10
inches in diameter; numerous tortuous branches form a wide, compact,
rounded crown.
LEAVES.--Opposite, simple, 2-4 inches long, one-half as broad; ovate to
suborbicular; finely and sharply serrate; thick and firm; lustrous,
bright green above, pale and marked with tiny black dots beneath;
petioles broad, grooved, more or less winged, about 1 inch long.
FLOWERS.--May-June, after the leaves; perfect; small; cream-white, borne
in stout-branched, scurfy, flat, terminal cymes 3-5 inches across; calyx
tubular, 5-toothed; corolla 5-lobed, cream color or white, 1/4 inch
across; stamens 5, with yellow anthers; ovary 1-celled, with short,
thick, green style and broad stigma.
FRUIT.--September; a fleshy drupe, 1/2 inch long, ovoid, flattened,
blue-black, borne in few-fruited, red-stemmed clusters; stone oval,
flat, rough; flesh sweet, edible.
WINTER-BUDS.--Leaf-buds narrow, acute, red, scurfy-pubescent, 1/2 inch
long; flower-buds swollen at the base, with spire-like apex, grayish
with scurfy pubescence, 3/4 inch long.
BARK.--Twigs at first light green, rusty-pubescent, becoming dark
red-brown; red-brown on old trunks and broken into small, thick plates.
WOOD.--Heavy, hard, close-grained, ill-smelling, dark orange-brown, with
thin, whitish sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.--Frequent throughout the state.
HABITAT.--Prefers rich, moist soil along the borders of forests;
roadsides; river-banks.
NOTES.--Too small for street use. Propagated from seed or by cuttings.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote A: See page xviii.]
[Footnote B: See page xviii.]
[Footnote C: Although formerly classed under PINACEAE, recent
investigations show it to be the type of a distinct family.]
[Footnote D: It is not intended that this key shall serve as a means of
identification of any species of _Salix_ found in Michigan, but it has
added simply to give a ready comparison of the four species which are
described.]
[Footnote E: It is difficult to distinguish between these species in the
absence of summer characters. If leaves can be found on or beneath a
tree which is sufficiently segregated from similar trees as to avoid any
chance for error, the summer key on the opposite page may be used.]
[Footnote F: A discussion has recently arisen as to whether _Betula
lenta_ actually exists in the state, some botanists preferring the name
_B. alleghanensis Britt._ for the tree we have so long called Black
Birch. Pending further investigation the authors have thought best to
retain the old name.
Ref.--Britton: North American Trees, pp. 257-8.]
[Footnote G: [1] means that the acorns mature in the autumn of the first
season, hence mature acorns will not be found on the tree, but on the
ground beneath the tree.
[2] means that the acorns mature in the autumn of the second season,
hence immature acorns will be found on the last season's twigs, and
mature acorns on the ground beneath the tree.]
+GLOSSARY+
_With page references to explanatory figures._
_Abortion._ Imperfect development or non-development of an organ or
part.
_Acuminate._ Gradually tapering to the apex. Page XII.
_Acute._ Terminating with a sharp angle. Page XII.
_Alternate._ Said of leaves, branches, buds, etc., scattered singly
along the stem; not opposite.
_Androgynous._ Composed of both staminate and pistillate flowers.
_Anterior._ The front side of a flower, remote from the axis of
inflorescence.
_Anther._ The part of a stamen which bears the pollen. Page xiii.
_Apetalous._ Without petals.
_Apex._ The top, as the tip of a bud or the end of a leaf which is
opposite the petiole.
_Apiculate._ Ending in a short-pointed tip.
_Appressed._ Lying close and flat against.
_Aromatic._ Fragrant; with an agreeable odor.
_Axil._ The upper one of the two angles formed by the juncture of a leaf
with a stem.
_Axillary._ Situated in an axil.
_Bark._ The outer covering of a trunk or branch.
_Bearded._ Bearing a long, bristle-like appendage, or furnished with
long or stiff hairs.
_Berry._ A fruit which is fleshy throughout.
_Bi-pinnate._ Twice pinnate.
_Blade._ The expanded portion of a leaf, etc.
_Bloom._ A powdery or waxy substance easily rubbed off.
_Bract._ A more or less modified leaf subtending a flower or belonging
to an inflorescence.
_Branch._ A secondary division of a trunk.
_Branchlet._ A small branch.
_Bud._ An undeveloped stem or branch, with or without scales.
_Bud-scales._ Modified leaves covering a bud.
_Bundle-scars._ Dots on the surface of a leaf-scar, which are scars left
by the fibro-vascular bundles which run through the petiole into the
blade of the leaf. Page XVI.
_Bur._ A spiny fruit.
_Calyx._ The outer part of a perianth, usually green in color. Page
xiii.
_Campanulate._ Bell-shaped.
_Capsule._ A dry fruit of more than one carpel which splits at maturity
to release the seeds.
_Carpel._ A simple pistil, or one member of a compound pistil.
_Catkin._ A spike of unisexual flowers, each subtended by a bract, and
usually deciduous in one piece.
_Chambered._ Said of pith which is interrupted by hollow spaces.
_Ciliate._ Fringed with hairs on the margin.
_Cinereous._ Ash-gray color.
_Claw._ The narrow, stalk-like base of a petal, sepal, etc.
_Cleft._ Cut about half-way to the middle.
_Cluster._ A group of two or more organs (flowers, fruit, etc.) on a
plant at a node or end of a stem.
_Compound._ Composed of two or more similar parts united into a whole.
_Compound leaf_, one divided into separate leaflets.
_Cone._ A fruit with woody, overlapping scales.
_Conical._ Cone-shaped, largest at the base and tapering to the apex.
_Connective._ The portion of a stamen which connects the two cells of
the anther.
_Cordate._ Heart-shaped. Page XII.
_Coriaceous._ Leather-like in texture.
_Corky._ Made of, or like cork.
_Corolla._ The inner part of a perianth, usually bright colored. Page
XIII.
_Corymb._ A flower-cluster in which the axis is shortened and the
pedicels of the lower flowers lengthened, forming a flat-topped
inflorescence, the marginal flowers blooming first. Page XIV.
_Corymbose._ Arranged in corymbs.
_Crenate._ Dentate, with the teeth much rounded. Page XIII.
_Crenulate._ Finely crenate.
_Crown._ The upper part of a tree, including the living branches with
their foliage.
_Cutting._ A piece of the stem, root or leaf which, if cut off and
placed in contact with the soil, will form new roots and buds,
reproducing the parent plant.
_Cyme._ A broad and flattish inflorescence, the central flowers of which
bloom first. Page XIV.
_Cymose._ Arranged in cymes.
_Deciduous._ Not persistent; falling away, as the leaves of a tree in
autumn.
_Decurrent._ Said of a leaf which extends down the stem below the point
of fastening.
_Decussate._ Alternating in pairs at right angles.
_Dehiscent._ Opening by valves or slits.
_Deltoid._ Delta-shaped.
_Dentate._ Toothed, with the teeth usually pointed and directed outward.
Page XIII.
_Depressed._ Somewhat flattened from above.
_Dichotomous._ Branching regularly in pairs.
_Digitate._ Said of a compound leaf in which the leaflets are borne at
the apex of the petiole; finger-shaped.
_Dioecious._ Unisexual, with staminate and pistillate flowers on
different individuals.
_Distribution._ The geographical extent and limits of a species.
_Divergent._ Said of buds, cones, etc., which point away from the twig,
or of pine needles, etc., which spread apart.
_Dorsal._ Pertaining to the back or outer surface of an organ.
_Downy._ Covered with fine hairs.
_Drupe._ A fleshy or pulpy fruit in which the inner portion is hard or
stony.
_Ellipsoid._ An elliptical solid.
_Elliptical._ Oval or oblong with regularly rounded ends. Page XII.
_Emarginate._ Notched at the apex. Page XII.
_Entire._ Without divisions, lobes or teeth.
_Excrescences._ Warty outgrowths or protuberances.
_Exfoliate._ To cleave off, as of the outer layers of bark.
_Falcate._ Scythe-shaped.
_Fascicle._ A compact cluster of leaves or flowers.
_Fascicled._ Arranged in fascicles.
_Fastigiate._ Said of branches which are erect and near together.
_Feather-veined._ Having veins extending from the midrib to the margin,
feather-wise.
_Fertile._ Capable of bearing fruit.
_Fertilization._ The mingling of the contents of a male (pollen) and
female (ovule) cell.
_Filament._ The part of a stamen which bears the anther. Page XIII.
_Filamentose_ or _Filamentous_. Composed of threads or filaments.
_Flaky._ With loose scales easily rubbed off (bark).
_Fleshy._ Succulent; juicy.
_Flower._ An axis bearing stamens or pistils or both (calyx and corolla
usually accompany these).
_Fluted._ With rounded ridges.
_Fruit._ The part of a plant which bears the seed.
_Germinate._ To sprout, as of a seed.
_Gibbous._ Swollen on one side.
_Glabrous._ Neither rough, pubescent, nor hairy; smooth.
_Gland._ Secreting surface or structure; a protuberance having the
appearance of such an organ.
_Glandular._ Bearing glands.
_Glaucous._ Covered or whitened with a bloom.
_Globose._ Spherical or nearly so.
_Globular._ Nearly globose.
_Gregarious._ Growing in groups or colonies.
_Habit._ The general appearance of a plant, best seen from a distance.
_Habitat._ The place where a plant naturally grows, as in water, clay
soil, marsh, etc.
_Hairy._ With long hairs.
_Halberd-shaped._ Like an arrow-head, but with the basal lobes pointing
outward nearly at right angles. Page XII.
_Heartwood._ The dead central portion of the trunk or large branch of a
tree.
_Hirsute._ Covered with rather coarse or stiff hairs.
_Hoary._ Gray-white with a fine, close pubescence.
_Homogeneous._ Uniform; composed of similar parts or elements.
_Hybrid._ A cross between two nearly related species, formed by the
action of the pollen of one upon the pistil of the other, yielding an
intermediate form.
_Imbricate._ Overlapping, like the shingles on a roof.
_Indehiscent._ Not opening by valves or slits; remaining persistently
closed.
_Indigenous._ Native and original to a region.
_Inflorescence._ The flowering part of a plant, and especially its
arrangement.
_Internode._ The portion of a stem between two nodes.
_Involucral._ Pertaining to an involucre.
_Involucre._ A circle of bracts surrounding a flower or cluster of
flowers.
_Keeled._ With a central ridge like the keel of a boat.
_Laciniate._ Cut into narrow, pointed lobes.
_Lanceolate._ Lance-shaped, broadest above the base and tapering to the
apex, but several times longer than wide. Page xii.
_Lateral._ Situated on the side of a branch.
_Leaf._ The green expansions borne by the branches of a tree, consisting
of a blade with or without a petiole.
_Leaflet._ One of the small blades of a compound leaf.
_Leaf-scar._ The scar left on a twig by the falling of a leaf. Page XVI.
_Legume._ A pod-like fruit composed of a solitary carpel and usually
splitting open by both sutures (_Leguminosae_).
_Lenticels._ Corky growths on young bark which admit air to the interior
of a twig or branch.
_Linear._ Long and narrow, with parallel edges (as pine needles). Page
XII.
_Lobe._ Any division of an organ, especially if rounded.
_Lobed._ Provided with a lobe or lobes. Page XIII.
_Lustrous._ Glossy; shining.
_Membranaceous._ Thin and somewhat translucent.
_Midrib._ The central vein of a leaf or leaflet.
_Monoecious._ Unisexual, with staminate and pistillate flowers on the
same individual.
_Mucilaginous._ Slimy; resembling or secreting mucilage or gum.
_Mucronate._ Tipped with a small, abrupt point. Page XII.
_Naked_. Lacking organs or parts which are normally present in related
species or genera.
_Naturalized_. Said of introduced plants which are reproducing by
self-sown seeds.
_Nectariferous_. Producing nectar.
_Node_. The place upon a stem which normally bears a leaf or whorl of
leaves.
_Nut_. A hard and indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded fruit.
_Nutlet_. A diminutive nut.
_Oblanceolate_. Lanceolate, with the broadest part toward the apex. Page
XII.
_Oblique_. Slanting, or with unequal sides.
_Oblong_. Longer than broad, with sides approximately parallel. Page
XII.
_Obovale_. Ovate, with the broadest part toward the apex. Page XII.
_Obovoid_. An ovate solid with the broadest part toward the apex.