Campbell, J. A. P., letter relative to the views of the Provisional
President, 238.
_Camp Jackson_ surrounded by General Lyon's force, 414;
massacre at, 416.
Campbell, Judge, his statement relative to the intercourse between our
commissioners and the Federal State Department, 267, 268;
his own views, 268, 269.
_Capon Springs_, speech of Webster at, 167.
Cass, Lewis, his "Nicholson letter," 38;
resigns as United States Secretary of State, 214;
his reason, 214.
_Causes_ which led the Southern States into the position they held at
the close of 1860, recapitulation of, 77.
_Cavils, verbal_, relative to the Constitution and the Articles of
Confederation, 135, 136.
_Centralism_, its fate in the Constitutional Convention, 161.
_Centreville_, conflagration at, 467;
retreat from, 468.
_Change of government_, a question that the States had the power to
decide, by virtue of the unalienable rights announced in the
Declaration of Independence, 438.
Chandler, Z., his letter on a "little more bloodletting," 249.
_Charleston Harbor defenses_, a subject of anxiety in the secession of
the State, 212;
Representatives in Congress call on the President, 212;
proposal to observe a peaceful military status, 212;
secret preparations for reënforcement by United States Government,
212;
instructions to the commander, 212;
modified, 213;
commissioners sent by the State to treat for the delivery of the
forts, 213;
change of military condition in the harbor, 213;
how regarded, 213;
interview of commissioners with President, 214;
sharp correspondence, 214.
Chesnut, James, letter on the election of Provisional President, 289.
Clark, John B., of Missouri, letter from President Davis, 427.
_Clause second of Article VI_ of the Constitution, adduced by the
friends of centralism, 149;
how magnified and perverted, 150.
Clay, C. C., letter relative to certain misstatements relative to the
author, 206-208.
Clayton, Alexander M., letter relative to the election of Provisional
President, 237.
_Coercion of a State_, views in 1850, 55;
do. 1860, 55;
declaration of the Convention that framed the Constitution, 56;
other declarations, 56;
the idea absolutely excluded, 101;
the alternative of secession, if no such right exists, 177;
the proposition before the Convention, 177;
views of the delegates, 177;
coercion military, treated with abhorrence, 179;
the right to, repudiated, 252, 253;
language of the New York press, 253;
do. of Northern speeches, 254;
do. of Thayer, 254;
remarks of Governor Seymour, 255;
do. of Chancellor Walworth, 255;
do. of the Northern press, 256;
words of Mr. Lincoln in his inaugural, 256;
views of Southern people, 257.
_Columbus, Kentucky_, occupation by Confederate forces, 402.
_Commissioners_ to the United States appointed, 246;
nature of, 246;
how treated, 247;
negotiations of Judges Nelson and Campbell, 267;
statement of Judge Campbell, 268;
his views, 268;
declarations of Mr. Seward, 268;
his assurances, 269;
expectations of the commissioners and of the Confederate Government,
269;
pledge given by Federal authorities, 270;
telegram to General Beauregard, 270;
his reply, 270;
explanations of Mr. Seward, 270;
plan to reënforce and supply Sumter, 271;
proceedings for its execution by Secretary Fox, 271;
facts presented to Mr. Seward, 273;
the point of honor, 273;
further declarations of Mr. Seward, 273;
official notification from Washington to Governor Pickens and General
Beauregard, 274;
letter to President Buchanan, 264;
their arrival, 264;
incidents, 265;
letter of Judge Crawford describing his reception, 265;
arrival of Mr. Forsyth--their letter to Mr. Seward, 266;
no answer received for twenty-seven days, 266;
a paper filed in the State Department, 266;
an oral answer, 266;
state of affairs relative to Fort Sumter, 266, 267;
their letters to General Beauregard, 277, 278;
failure of their mission, 296.
_Commissioners from South Carolina_ to President Buchanan relative to
the delivery of the forts in Charleston Harbor, 213.
_Community independence_, its origin and development, 116.
_Compact, The original_, causes that blighted its fair prospects, 48;
the Articles of Confederation a compact, 135;
been denied of the Constitution, 135;
denied by Webster, 135;
cavils on the words of the Constitution compared with the Articles of
Confederation, 136;
the wood accede considered, 136;
use of the words "compact, accede, Confederacy," 137;
compact used by Gerry, Morris, Madison, Washington, Martin, and
others, 138;
in the ratification of Massachusetts, 137;
the Constitution shown to be one by its structure, 140;
provisions, 140;
representation in the Senate, etc., 140.
_Compromise measures of 1850_, their origin, 14;
bear the impress of the sectional spirit, 14.
_Compromise, Missouri_, how constituted, 13;
votes on, 13.
_Confederacies_, the first local formed in New England, 115.
_Confederacy_, the growth of, 485;
financial system of, 485;
the state of the finances in 1862, 485.
_Confederate Government_, its instructions to General Beauregard
relative to Fort Sumter, 284;
the correspondence, 285, 286;
aid given to Missouri, 429.
_Confederation, The old_, declares independence of each State, 86;
its articles, 86;
affairs, how managed, 87;
the first idea of reorganization, 87;
consequences, 87;
term applied to the articles, 88;
revision, how effected, 88;
how could it be superseded without secession? 100.
_Conference of the President and generals_, after the victory at
Manassas, 352;
order to pursue the enemy, 353;
letter of the President respecting, 353;
answer from General Beauregard, 354, 355;
subjects considered, 356;
second do. of the President and generals, after the victory at
Manassas, inquiry as to what more it was practicable to do, 360;
fortifications said to exist at Washington, 360;
subsequent reports, 360;
at variance with the information then possessed, 360;
why an advance was not contemplated to south bank of Potomac, 360;
returns to Richmond to increase army, 361;
charge of preventing the pursuit, 361.
_Congress of the Confederation_, its distinction from the United States
Congress, 26;
language of its resolution for a revision of its articles, 88;
its recommendation, 89;
instructions to the commissioners to the Constitutional Convention by
the several States, 89;
early acts of, 243;
laws of United States not inconsistent continued in force till
altered, 243;
financial officers continued in office, 243;
early steps required to be taken for a settlement with United States,
244;
act relative to free navigation of the Mississippi River, 245;
coasting trade opened to foreign vessels, 245;
resolutions after the victory at Manassas, 383.
_Congress, Provisional_, of seceding States assembles at Montgomery,
220;
resolution to remove the seat of government to Richmond, 339.
_Congress of the Confederation and that of the United States_,
difference between, 10, 11.
_Congress, United States_, decision on first abolition petition, 5;
prohibits importation of slaves, vote on the bill, 5;
its action on the petition of Indiana Territory for the suspension of
the ordinance prohibiting slavery, 8;
report of the committee, 8;
future action on resolutions, 10;
has only delegated powers, 26;
action in the Senate in 1860-'61, 68;
action of its committee, 69;
failures of adjustment in the House, 70.
_Connecticut_, instructions to her delegates to the Constitutional
Convention, 92;
her ratification of the Federal Constitution, 107.
"_Constitution, The_, a covenant with hell," use of the expression, 56;
signification of the word, 88;
the seventh article, a provision for secession, 101;
not established by the people in the aggregate, nor by the States in
the aggregate, 101;
delegates were chosen by the States as States, and voted as States,
102;
object for which they were sent, 102;
terms used then in the same sense as now, 102;
a national Government distinctly rejected, 102;
final words of the Constitution, 102;
not adopted by the people in the aggregate, 114;
the assertion a monstrous fiction, 114;
as British colonies they did not constitute one people, 114;
confused views of Judge Story, 115;
exposition of them, 115;
some facts, 115;
local confederacies, 115;
the form of the first, 115;
its existence, 115;
assertion of Edward Everett, 116;
unsustainable, 116;
his quotations, 117;
letter of General Gage to Congress in 1774, 117;
extract, 117;
a citation from the Declaration of Independence, 118;
a palpable misconception, 118;
as united States Independence was achieved, 118;
as united States they entered into a new compact, 119;
in no single instance was the action by the people in the aggregate or
as one body, 119;
facts, 119, 120;
by what authority was it ordained? 131;
denied by Webster to be a compact, 135.
_Constitution, Confederate_, the permanent of the Confederate States,
prepared and ratified, 258;
remarks of Mr. Stephens, 258;
followed the model of the United States Constitution, 259;
some of its distinctive features, 259, 260;
term of the President's office, 259;
removals from office, 259;
admission of Cabinet officers to seats on floor of Congress, 259;
protective duties prohibited, 260;
two-thirds vote for appropriations, 260;
impeachment by State Legislature, 260;
the States make a compact for improvement of navigation, 260;
amendments obligatory by convention, 260;
provisions relative to slavery, 261;
other provisions, 261;
words of Mr. Lincoln, 262;
words of "New York Herald," 263.
_Constitution, Provisional_, for the Confederacy, adopted, 229;
officers elected, 230.
_Constitutional Convention_, the original, rejected the doctrine of the
coercion of a State, 56;
conclusions drawn from the instructions of the States to their
delegates, 93;
assembling of the Convention, 94;
the work takes a wider range than was contemplated, 94;
diversity of opinion among the members, 95;
Luther Martin's description of the three parties in the Convention,
95;
the equality of the States, how adjusted, 96;
plan of government of Edmund Randolph, 96;
how the word "national" was treated, 97.
_Constitutional questions_ involved in the position of the Southern
States, recapitulation of, 77.
_Constitutional Union party_ of 1860, its principles, 51.
_Constitutional Union Convention_ in 1860, its nominations and
resolutions, 60.
_Convention_, the original idea of calling, 98;
its powers merely advisory, 103;
how its work was approved, 103.
_Conventions, State_, representatives of sovereignty, 97.
Cooper, Samuel, resigns in United States Army, 308;
his rank, 308;
appointment in the Confederate Army, 308.
Count of Paris, his travesty of history, 200, 201;
libels the memory of Major Anderson, 283.
Coxe, Tench, words relative to separate sovereignties, 128.
Crawford, Martin J., appointed commissioner to United States, 246;
commissioner to Washington arrives, 246;
describes the incidents and his reception, 265;
other proceedings, 266.
Crittenden, J. C., offers in the Senate a joint resolution proposing
amendments to the Constitution, 60;
how received, 60.
Davis, Jefferson, reëlected to United States Senate in 1851, 18;
subject of the compromise measures agitating Mississippi, 18;
division of opinion, 18;
the principles of the Declaration of Independence of more value than
the Union, 18;
his position and views, 19;
invited to become candidate for Governor, 19;
not accepted, 20;
active canvass, 20;
nominated again on the withdrawal of the former nominee, 20;
resigns as United States Senator, 20;
his position relative to the Union, 21;
letter to W. J. Brown, 21;
enters the Cabinet of President Pierce, 22;
charge of the Pacific Railroad survey, 23;
charge of the Capitol extension, 23;
charge of changes in the model of arms, 23;
increase of the army, 23;
its officers, 24; clerkships, 24;
anecdote of General Jesup, 24;
again elected Senator from Mississippi, 25;
no change in President Pierce's Cabinet during his term, 25;
extract from a speech in the Senate on the relation of master and
servant in a Territory, 30;
remarks in the Senate on the "Nicholson letter" of General Cass, 37;
offers a series of resolutions in United States Senate, 42;
the resolutions, 42;
discussion and vote in the Senate, 43;
position of the mover shown in extract from his speech, 44-46;
meets with the Congressional representatives and Governor of
Mississippi in consultation, 57;
his views, 57;
summoned to Washington, 58;
state of affairs there and his proceedings, 59;
extract from a speech in December, 1860, in the Senate, showing his
position, 61-68;
position and feelings at the beginning of 1861, 205;
previous life, 205;
office of Senator, 206;
in the Cabinet, 206;
letter of C. C. Clay, relative to misstatements respecting, 206;
conversation with President Buchanan relative to the forts in
Charleston Harbor, 214;
advises him to withdraw the garrison, 215;
his objections, 215;
presents rejoinder of South Carolina Commissioners to President
Buchanan in the Senate, 218;
his speech, 219;
notified of the secession of Mississippi, 220;
states the position of the State in his final address to the United
States Senate 221-224;
elected President of the Confederate States, 230;
engaged at home, 230;
disappointed, 230;
better fitted for command in the field, 230;
anecdote of W. L. Sharkey, 230;
addresses on the way to Montgomery, 231;
inaugural address, 232;
letter to President Buchanan, 264;
message to Congress on April 28th, 278, 279;
writes to Governor Letcher to sustain Baltimore, 300;
remained in the Senate after Mississippi called her convention, in
order to obtain such measures as would prevent the final step, 302;
when her ordinance was enacted the question was no longer open, and
her Senator could only retire from the United States Senate, 302;
letter of instructions to Captain Semmes, 311;
message to Congress in April, 1861, 326;
reply to the Maryland Commissioners, 333;
answer to Johnston relative to the rank of the latter, 348;
goes to the Manassas battle-field, 348;
scenes witnessed and described, 348, 349;
arrives at Beauregard's headquarters, 349;
meets General Johnston, 350;
appearance of the enemy, 350;
the field on the left, 351;
meets General Beauregard, 352;
conference with the generals after Manassas battle, 352;
subject of conference, 356;
necessity of pursuit, 356;
condition of the troops, 356;
meets the wounded, 357;
letter promoting General Beauregard, 359;
charged with preventing the pursuit at Manassas, 361;
letter to General Johnston on the subject, 362;
answer of Johnston, 363;
reference to another conference, 363;
letter to General Beauregard relative to the plea of a want of
transportation for not pursuing the enemy, 365;
endorsement on the report of General Johnston, 366;
remarks upon it, 366;
letter to Beauregard relative to his report, 366;
the objectionable point reviewed, 367;
the part of the report and objections suppressed by Congress, 367;
the report, 368;
the endorsement of the President, 369;
letter calling for information on the wants of the army, 384;
reply to the letter of the Governor of Kentucky, 390;
anxiety about affairs in Missouri, 426;
letter to John B. Clark, 427;
answer to the request of General J. E. Johnston for reënforcements,
442;
letter to General G. W. Smith on the reorganization of the army, 445;
letter to General Beauregard, 446;
letter to General Beauregard, 447;
letter to General J. E. Johnston, 448;
letter to General J. E. Johnston on enemy's movements, 452;
letter to General G. W. Smith on movements against the enemy, 453;
letter to General J. E. Johnston on inspection of the line between
Dumfries and Fredericksburg, 454;
letter to General J. E. Johnston on Jackson's movement in the Valley,
457;
letter to General J. E. Johnston on the order of the Secretary of War
for the troops to retire to the Valley, 460;
letter to General J. E. Johnston on the complaint of irregular action
by the Secretary of War, 461;
letter to General J. E. Johnston in answer to a letter stating that
his position was considered unsafe, 462;
letter to General J. E. Johnston on mobilizing his army, 463;
letter to General J. E. Johnston in answer to a notice that the army
was in retreat, 464;
visit to General Johnston's headquarters, 465;
reconnaissance, 466;
extract from the inaugural address in 1862, 484;
message on the employment of slaves in the army, 515.
_Debt, Foreign_, at the close of the war, 496;
attempts to discredit the Government abroad, 497;
reference to Union bank-bonds, 497.
_Delaware_, instructions to her delegates to the Constitutional
Convention, 93;
her words of ratification of the Federal Constitution, 104.
_Delicate truth, A_, to be veiled, 101.
_Democratic Convention of 1860_, disagreement, 50;
adjournment of divisions, 50;
nominations by the friends of popular sovereignty, 50;
nominations by the Conservatives, 50.
_Democratic party_, dissensions in, 36.
D'Wolf, James, president of a slave-trading company, anecdote of, 84.
_Disguise with Confederate Commissioners_ thrown off on the reduction of
Sumter, 297.
_Dissolution and secession_ from the first Union gave existence to the
present Union, 171;
the right to withdraw in either case results from the same principles,
171.
_Dogma, A new_, created at the Chicago Convention in 1860, 49.
Douglas, Stephen A., on the doctrine of squatter sovereignty, 38;
nominated for the Presidency in 1860, 50;
unwilling to withdraw, 52;
his resolution in the Senate recommending evacuation of the forts,
281;
his remarks, 281.
_Dred Scott case_; the question, 83;
the salient points established, 84;
remarks of the Chief-Justice, 84.
Early, General Jubal, commands regiment at Manassas, 351;
extracts relative to the first battle of Manassas written by him, 372;
sketch of him, 372-378;
remarks on the retreat from Centreville, 468;
do. on the loss of supplies, 468.
_Election, Presidential, of 1860_, votes and result, 53.
Ellis, Governor, of North Carolina, reply to Mr. Lincoln's call for
troops, 412;
sketch of Governor Ellis, 413;
letter to President Buchanan restoring Forts Johnson and Caswell, 413.
Ellsworth, Oliver, views of, on the coercion of a State, 178.
Elzy, General, commands brigade at Manassas, 351.
_Endorsement of the President_, on the report of the victory at
Manassas, by General Beauregard, 369.
_Equality of the States_ a condition of the Union, 180, 181.
_Equilibrium between the sections_ destroyed by the action of the
General Government, 32.
_Equipments for armies_, the supply of, 478;
their manufacture, 478.
Everett, Edward, nominated for the Vice-Presidency in 1860, 50;
his assertions relative to the Constitution, 129;
views on the sovereignty of the States, 148.
Evans, General N. S., his force near Leesburg, 437;
fight at Ball's Bluff, 437.
_Expedition, Naval_, to reënforce Fort Sumter, 274;
the circumstances, 274;
its arrival delayed by a storm, 274;
dissensions in Mr. Lincoln's Cabinet, 274;
impossible that he was ignorant of the communications of the
Secretary, 275;
yet the Secretary was not impeached, 275;
a transaction in the Cabinet, 275;
letter of Mr. Blair, 277;
letters of the Commissioners, 277, 278;
message of President Davis to Congress, 277;
the relief squadron, 284;
correspondence of Major Anderson, 288;
arrival of the fleet off Charleston Harbor, 289;
its failure to relieve the fort, 289;
report of Captain McGowan, 291.
_Fairfax Court-House_, The conference at, 445;
circumstances, 449;
questions considered at the conference, 449;
a paper relating to the conference, 450;
details respecting it, 450;
position unfavorable for defense, 452;
establishment of a battery near Acquia Creek, 452;
possibilities in the Valley of the Shenandoah, 452;
correspondence, 452;
reference to, 464.
"_Faith as to Sumter fully kept_"--the written answer of Secretary
Seward, 273;
official notification of reënforcement served on Governor Pickens on
the same day, 274.
_False representations_ made of us at the close of 1860, 77.
_Federal Constitution_, how the term was freely used, 93.
_Federal Government_, the tendency to pervert the functions delegated to
it, and to use them with sectional discrimination against the
minority, 32.
_Federalist, The_, its use of the word "sovereign" as applied to the
States, 144.
"_Fighting in the Union_," what was meant by it, 225.
_Financial system of The Confederacy_ adopted from necessity, 485;
its operation during eighteen months, 485;
issue of notes and bonds, 486, 487;
efforts to fund Treasury notes, 487;
provisions of Congress relative to, 488;
measure to reduce the currency, 489;
a review of the financial legislation, 489;
a war-tax, 490;
internal taxation a partial failure, 490;
compulsory reduction of the currency, 491;
its success, 492;
financial condition of the Government at its close, 492;
amount of the public debt, 493;
taxation, 493.
"_Firing on the flag_," the disingenuous rant of demagogues, 292.
"_Flaunting lie, A_," the compact of Union, 326.
_Florida_ withdraws from the Union, 220.
Floyd, General John B., resigns as United States Secretary of War, 214;
his reason, 214;
advances to the support of General Wise, 433;
his skirmishes with the enemy, 433;
defeats them, 435;
assailed by General Rosecrans, 433;
Rosecrans falls back, 433.
Foote, Samuel A., states the true issue relative to the admission of
Missouri to the Union, 12.
_Foreign relations_, efforts at recognition, 469;
seizure of our commissioners on board the Trent, 469;
indignation in England, 469;
their restoration, 469.
Forsyth, John, appointed commissioner to United States, 246.
_Forts and arsenals_, course of United States Government relative to,
281;
resolution, 202;
do. taken possession of by the Southern States, 202;
assertion made that the absence of troops was the result of collusion,
202;
this absence was the ordinary condition of peace, 203;
as defenseless now as in 1861, 203;
some exceptions, 203;
the situation long maintained at Pensacola Bay, 203;
conditional cession to United States, 209;
condition of the cession of Massachusetts, 209;
do. of New York, 209;
do. of South Carolina, 210;
stipulations made by Virginia in ceding the ground for Fortress
Monroe, 210;
act of cession, 211.
Fox, G. V., his plan to reënforce and furnish supplies to Fort Sumter,
271;
describes the details, 271.
_Framework of the Government_, how constructed, 97.
Franklin, Benjamin, his use of the word "sovereignties" as applied to
the States, 144.
_Freedom_ and _slavery_, terms misleading the opinions and sympathies of
the world, 6.
Fremont, General John C., his confiscation proclamation in Missouri,
430.
Frost, General D.M., commands militia at Camp Jackson, 415;
surrenders to Captain Lyon, 415;
efforts for release, 415;
his letter to General Harney, 415, 416.
_Fugitives_, law for the rendition of, occasion of its passage, 16;
tended to lead other States to believe they might evade their
constitutional obligations, 16;
action of the States which had passed personal liberty laws, 16;
the rendition of, not the proper subject for the legislation of
Congress, 81;
how it was in early times, 82.
Garnett, General Robert, killed at Rich Mountain, 338;
biographical notice, 338.
_General Government_, its claim of a right to judge of the extent of its
own authority, 191.
_Georgia_, efforts to prohibit importation of slaves, 4;
instructions to her deputies to the Constitutional Convention, 91;
her ratification of the Federal Constitution, 106;
withdraws from the Union, 220.
Gerry, Elbridge, objects to the provision for nine States to ratify, as
a virtual dissolution of the Union, 100;
his use of the word "compact," 137.
Gorgas, General, appointed chief of ordnance, 310;
states the growth of his department, 481;
statement relative to the charge against Secretary of War Floyd, 482.
_Government, The United States_, exalted above the States which created
it, 127;
no such unit as United States ever mentioned, 127;
instances, 127;
words of Tench Coxe, 128;
forgotten misconceptions revived by Daniel Webster, 128;
his assertions in debate, 128;
specimen of views of sectionists, 129;
assertion of Edward Everett, 129;
do. of J. L. Motley, 129;
most remarkable of these assertions, 130;
Constitution mentions the States as States seventy times, 130;
what authority ordained and established the Constitution, 131;
statements of Everett and Motley, 131;
question of Story and its answer, 132;
views of Madison on the nature of the ratification, 133;
legislation can not alter a fact, 134;
its treatment of citizens of Kentucky, 398;
not supreme, but subject to the Constitution and laws, 151;
accepted of sites for forts on the conditions prescribed by the State,
211;
confounded with the oath to support the Constitution, 151.
_Government, Confederate_, seat of, removed to Richmond, 340;
reasons for the removal, 340.
_Governments_ only agents of the sovereign, 142;
responsible to it, and subject to its control, 154.
Grant, General, attempts to capture the garrison at Belmont, 403;
his defeat, 404;
became willing to exchange prisoners, 405.
_Grants to the Federal Government_, not surrenders, says Hamilton, but
delegations of power, 163.
_Great Britain_, charge preferred against the Government of, in the
Declaration of Independence, 82.
Green, James S., offers a resolution in the United States Senate
relative to preserving peace between the States, 61.
_Grievance_, the intolerable, 83.
Hamilton, Alexander, his use of the word "sovereignty" as applied to the
States, 144;
on the supremacy of the Constitution, 150;
on a confederated republic, 162;
extract from "The Federalist," 162;
further views, 162;
his views on the coercion of a State, 178;
on the omission of a State to appoint Senators, 179.
Harney, Major-General, removed from command in Missouri, 421.
_Harper's Ferry_, burned and evacuated, 328;
President Lincoln expresses his approbation, 328;
destruction caused, 329;
an important, position for military and political considerations, 340;
its occupation needful for the removal of machinery, 341.
Harris, Governor of Tennessee, reply to Mr. Lincoln's call for troops,
413.
Harrison, William Henry, Governor of Indiana Territory, 8;
letter to Congress with resolutions requesting the suspension of the
ordinance prohibiting slavery, 9.
_Hartford Convention_, proceedings relative to a dissolution of the
Union, 74.
Hayne, I. W., Commissioner from South Carolina to Washington, 219.
_Hemp, bales of_, used for a breastwork, 430.
Henry, Patrick, asks what right had they to say, "We the people," 121;
his objection to "one people," 174.
Hicks, Governor of Maryland, his declarations, 331;
his proclamation, 331.
Hill, Colonel A. P., orders the affair near Romney, 343;
sketch of, 344.
Hill, Colonel D. H., afterward lieutenant-general, 342;
report of the combat at Bethel Church, 342.
_Honor of the United States Government_, how maintained relative to the
forts in Charleston Harbor, 217;
a point easy to concede, 217.
_Hope of reconciliation_, the last expires, 250.
_Hostile expedition_, the, made the reduction of Sumter necessary before
it should be reënforced, 297.
Howard, Charles, arrest and imprisonment by General Banks, 335.
Huger, General, commands a force at Norfolk, 340.
Hurlburt, a captive prisoner, 361;
his career, 361.
Huse, Major Caleb, sent to Europe for the purchase of munitions of war,
311;
our agent in Europe, 482;
his letter relative to the shipment of supplies, 482.
_Immigration_, causes which combined for its direction to the Northern
States, 32.
_Inaction of the Army of the Potomac_, the President alleged to be
responsible for it, 449;
the question for consideration at the Fairfax conference, 449;
a paper relative to the conference, 450;
proceedings at the Conference, 451, 452;
correspondence, 452, 453;
application of General Jackson, 454;
correspondence relative to, 455, 456;
further correspondence, 457, etc.
_Inaugural address_ of the author as President of the Confederate
States, 232.
_Incendiaries_, trained in scenes of Kansas strife, 31.
_Independence_ of North Carolina and Rhode Island while not members of
the Union, 112;
relations between them and the United States, 112;
letter from the Governor of Rhode Island, 112.
_Indiana Territory_, petitions for the suspension of the Ordinance of
1787,
prohibiting slavery, 8;
action on the petitions, 8;
subsequent action and resolutions, 9.
_Insurrection, An_, was it? 325.
_Introduction_, The, 1.
_Irrepressible conflict_, how the declaration of, arose, 34.
"_Is thy servant a dog?_" its use in the United States Senate, 34.
_Invasions of States_, no right in the Federal government to, 411;
words of the Constitution, 411;
deemed a high crime, 411;
response of Governors to President Lincoln's call for troops, 411.
_Invention_ exhausted itself in the creation of imaginary "cabals,"
"conspiracies," and "intrigues," 200;
examples, 209.
Jackson, General T. J., skill and daring in checking the enemy's forces
in June, 1861, 344;
character, 454;
letter proposing a movement into the Shenandoah Valley, 455;
letter of the President, 457.
Jackson, Governor of Missouri, reply to Mr. Lincoln's call for troops,
412;
issues a call for fifty thousand volunteers, 421;
words of the Governor, 421;
his efforts to preserve the peace, 422;
his declarations, 422;
demands of the Federal officers, 422;
his march, 459;
its results, 459.
_Jersey Plan, The_, States rights, and opposed to national, as proposed
in the Federal Constitutional Convention, 105;
arguments for it, 106.
Johnston, General Albert Sidney, resigns in United States Army, 308;
rank, 308;
appointment in Confederate Army, 309;
his early career, 405;
resigns in United States army, 406;
assigned to the command of the Confederate Department of the West,
406;
destitution at Nashville, 406;
his movements, 406;
his military positions, 406;
takes command at Bowling Green, 406;
his force, 407;
force of the enemy, 407;
efforts to procure arms and men, 407;
letter to the Governor of Alabama, 407;
letter to the Governor of Georgia, 407;
telegram to Richmond, 407;
answer of the Secretary of War, 407;
aid from the Governor and Legislature of Tennessee, 408;
measures taken to concentrate and recruit his forces, 408;
the result, 408;
resolves on a levy _en masse_, 409;
letters to the Governors of States, 409;
reënforced from Virginia, 410.
Johnson, Herschel V., nominated for the Vice-Presidency in 1860, 50.
Johnston, General Joseph E., commands army near Harper's Ferry, 340;
desires to retire, 341;
official letter addressed to him, 341;
apparent effort of the enemy to detain him in the Valley of the
Shenandoah, 344;
his junction with Beauregard becomes necessary, 344;
extract from official letter, 345;
urged to join General Beauregard, 345;
correspondence lost, 346;
telegram sent to, by General Cooper, 346;
confidence reposed in him, 346;
the meaning of an order, 347;
the junction made with marked skill, 347;
answer to telegram to join Beauregard, 347;
his telegram asking his position relative to Beauregard, 348;
answer, 348;
his rank in the Confederate Army, 348;
letter relative to obstacles to the pursuit of the enemy at Manassas,
363;
his report, and the endorsement put on it by the President, 366;
remonstrates against the movement of General Jackson in the valley,
454;
letter, 456;
reconnaissance, 465.
Johnson, John M., chairman of committee of Kentucky Senate on military
occupation, 393;
letter to General Polk, 393.
Jordan, Colonel Thomas, letter respecting the pursuit of the enemy after
battle at Manassas, 354;
his order, 355.
_Judiciary, The Federal_, views of Marshall on the power of, 166.
_Justification, A_, efforts of President Lincoln to make out his, 322;
words of his message, 322;
his question, 322;
its answer very plain, 322;
his supposed answer, 322;
nothing more erroneous than such views, 323;
the beginning and end of all the powers of government are to be found
in the instrument of delegation, 323;
for what purpose must he call out the war power? 324;
his blockade proclamation, 324;
its scheme, 324;
how based, 324;
its assumption of an insurrection, 325;
was it an insurrection? 325.
Kane, Police Marshal, arrested and imprisoned at Baltimore, 334.
_Kansas and Nebraska Bill_, some facts connected with it, 26;
declaration of 1850, 26;
its discussion, 27;
proceedings relative to, 28;
not inspired by President Pierce's Cabinet, 28;
true intent and meaning of the act, 28;
its terms, 29.
_Kansas_ Territory, its organization, 26.
Kenner, Duncan F., letter on the election of Provisional President, 238.
_Kentucky_, the principles announced by her, 385;
resolutions, 385;
her position in the conflict, 386;
the question of neutrality, 386;
how could it be maintained, 386;
correspondence between Governor Magoffin and President Lincoln, 387;
correspondence with President Davis, 389, 390;
advance of General Polk, 391;
the occasion of it, 390;
correspondence between General Polk and the authorities of Kentucky,
392;
resolutions of the Legislature relative to the occupation of points in
the State by troops, 392;
treatment of her citizens by United States Government, 398.
King, Rufus, on the danger to the Union, 186.
Lamon, Colonel, application to visit Fort Sumter, 272.
Lane, Joseph, nominated for the Vice-Presidency in 1860, 50;
Senator from Oregon, some remarks relative to affairs, 250.
_Language of the Northern press_, on the right to coerce a State,
253-256;
language of Northern speeches, on resistance to an attempt to coerce a
State, 254.
_Laurel Hill_, West Virginia, the conflict at, 338.
Lay, Colonel, reminiscences of the battle of Manassas, 381, 382.
Lee, Robert E., resigns in the United States Army, 308;
rank, 308;
appointment in the Confederate Army, 309;
appointed commander-in-chief of the military forces of Virginia, 328;
commands the Army of Virginia, 340;
remarks, 340;
goes to western Virginia, 434;
his movements, 434;
the bad season, 434;
decides to attack the encampment of the enemy, 434;
the instructions, 435;
refrains from the attack, 435;
cause, 435;
moves to the support of Wise and Floyd, 436;
the enemy withdraws, 436;
Lee returns to Richmond, 436;
sent to South Carolina, 437.
_Leesburg_, movement of the enemy to cross the Potomac near, 437.
Letcher, Governor, reply to Mr. Lincoln's call for troops, 412.
"_Let the Union slide_," origin of the expression, 56.
_Lexington, Missouri_, the battle at, 430;
surrender of the enemy, 431.
_Liberty_, misuse of the word by abolitionists, 34.
Lincoln, President, his language relative to coercion, 256;
approves the plan of Fox to reënforce Sumter, 272;
issues his proclamation introducing the farce of combinations, 297;
no power to declare war, 298;
section 4, Article IV, of the Constitution, 298;
no justification for the invasion of a State, 298;
a palpable violation of the Constitution, 298;
his effort to justify himself before the world for attacking us, 322;
expresses his approbation at the burning of Harper's Ferry, 329;
his explanation of his policy, 329;
letter relative to the passage of troops through Baltimore, 332;
reply to the letter of the Governor of Kentucky, 388;
calls on the Governors of States for troops, 412;
their answers, 412.
_Louisiana Territory_, its purchase one of
the earliest occasions for the manifestation
of sectional jealousy, 12; withdraws
from the Union, 220.
Loring, General, commands at Valley Mountain, Virginia, 434.
Lyons, General, begins hostilities in Missouri, 415;
announces the intention of the Administration to reduce Missouri to
the exact condition of Maryland, 423;
killed at Springfield, 429;
disposal of his body, 430.
Madison, James, asks on what principle the old Confederation can be
superseded, 100;
his answer, 100;
says the parties to the Constitution are the people as composing
thirteen sovereignties, 122;
views on the nature of the ratification of the Constitution, 133;
his use of the word "compact" as applied to the Constitution, 138;
his use of the word "sovereignties" as applied to the States, 144;
on the supremacy of the Constitution, 150;
his interpretation of the fundamental principles of the Constitution,
164;
his argument to show that the great principles of the Constitution are
an expansion of the principles in the Articles of Confederation, 171;
his view of "one people," 174;
on the coercion of a State, 177;
on the danger to the perpetuity of the Union, 185.
Magoffin, B., Governor of Kentucky, 287;
letter to President Lincoln, 287;
letter to President Davis, 389;
reply to Mr. Lincoln's call for troops, 412.
Magruder, General, commands the force on the Peninsula, 340.
Mallory, S. B., Secretary of State under Provisional Constitution, 242;
Secretary of Confederate Navy, 314;
his experience, 314.
_Manassas_, first battle at, 348;
appearance of the field, 348;
condition of our forces afterward, 356;
evidences of the rout of the enemy, 356;
cost of the victory, 356;
dispersion of our troops after the battle, 357;
reasons why it was an extraordinary victory, 358;
nature of the field, 358;
the line of the retreating foe followed, 359;
articles abandoned, 359;
the spoils gathered, 360;
strength of the two armies, 371;
amount of field transportation, 383;
dissatisfaction that followed the victory, 442;
unjust criticisms, 442;
their effect on the Government, 442.
_Manufacturing industry_, more extensive than ever, 505.
Marshall, John, on the powers of the States, 165;
on the power of the Federal judiciary, 166.
Martin, Luther, his use of the word "compact" as applied to the
Constitution, 138.
_Maryland_, instructions to her delegates to the Constitutional
Convention, 92;
her ratification of the Federal Constitution, 108;
refused to be bound by the Articles of Confederation, 126;
first to be invaded, 330;
warning to all the slaveholding States, 330;
views of Governor Hicks, 330;
a commissioner from Mississippi, 330;
declarations of Governor Hicks, 331;
Baltimore resists the passage of troops, 332;
efforts of the police and Governor, 332;
letter of President Lincoln, 332;
visit of the Mayor of Baltimore, 332;
his report, 332;
Legislature appoints commissioners to the Confederate Government, 333;
also to Washington, 333;
reply of President Davis, 333;
Baltimore occupied by United States troops, 333;
the city disarmed, 334;
authorities arrested and imprisoned, 334;
arrest of members of the Legislature, 336;
imprisonment, 336;
Governor Hicks's final message, 336;
her story sad to the last degree, 337;
how relieved, 337;
the Maryland line of the Revolution, 337;
tender ministrations of her daughters to the wounded, 337.
Mason, George, views on the coercion of a State, 177.
Mason and Slidell, Messrs., sent as Commissioners to Europe, 469;
seized on their passage by Captain Wilkes, United States Navy, 469;
their treatment and restoration, 470.
_Massachusetts_, threats of a dissolution of the Union in 1844-'45, 76;
instructions to her delegates to the Constitutional Convention, 92;
tenacious of her State independence, 107;
action on the ratification of the Federal Constitution, 107;
her terms of ratification, 139;
her use of the word "compact," as applied to the Constitution, 139;
use of the word "sovereign," as applied to the State, 143;
on the reserved powers of the States, 146;
resolutions of her Legislature express perhaps too decided a doctrine
of nullification, 190;
terms of cession of land for forts and navy-yard to the United States,
209.
McClellan, Major-General George B., commands force in Western Virginia,
338;
commands enemy's forces at Rich Mountain and Laurel Hill, 338.
McDowell, General, moves to attack General Beauregard, 344.
_Medicines_, declared by the enemy contraband of war, 310;
substitutes sought from the forest, 310.
Memminger, C. G., Secretary of the Treasury under the Provisional
Constitution, 242.
_Michigan_, action of her Senators relative to the Peace Congress, 248,
249;
the "bloodletting" letter, 249.
Miles, W. Porcher, letter on the election of Provisional President, 240.
_Military organizations, quasi_, in the North in 1860, 55.
_Military service_, laws relating to, 506;
a constitutional question raised, 506;
its discussion at length, 506.
_Mississippi_, agitated by compromise measures of 1850, 18;
diversity of views, 18;
Governor calls special session of the Legislature after the
Presidential election in 1860, 57;
its Senators and Representatives in Congress convened for
consultation, 57;
views of the author, 57, 58;
letter of O. R. Singleton on the consultation, 58;
withdraws from the Union, 220;
State Convention makes provision for a State army, 228;
appoints the author major-general, and other officers, 228;
State divided into districts, and troops apportioned, 228;
destitution of arms showed the absence of expectation of war, 228.
_Mississippi River_, misrepresentations relative to the free navigation
of, 244;
act of Congress relative to, 245.
_Mississippi Union Bank_ bonds, the facts in relation to them, 497.
_Missouri Compromise_, without Constitutional authority, 11.
_Missouri_, controversy relative to the admission of, to the Union, 12;
its origin, 12;
history of the excitement occasioned, 12;
its result, 12;
true issue stated by Samuel A. Foote, 12;
the compromise, how constituted, 13;
votes on, 13;
line obliterated in 1850, 14;
its effect, 14, 15;
resistance to its admission as a State, owing merely to political
motives, 33;
the issue of subjugation presented to her, 403;
her condition similar to that of Kentucky, 414;
hostilities instituted by Captain Lyon, 414;
Camp Jackson surrounded, 414;
its surrender, 415;
imprisonment of General Frost, 415;
efforts to restore order, 416;
agreement between Generals Price and Harney, 416;
signification of the agreement between Generals Harney and Price, 417;
favorable prospect of peace in the State, 418;
misrepresentations by a cabal, 418;
an incident, 418;
General Harney removed, 419;
arms removed from the United States Arsenal to St. Louis, 419;
houses of citizens searched for arms, 419;
the excitement in the State, 420;
General Jackson an object of special persecution, 420;
activity of Lieutenant-Governor Reynolds, 420;
position of the State in 1860, 420;
interference of unauthorized parties, 420;
the volunteers attacked at Booneville by General Lyon and United
States troops, 424;
a party of the enemy routed, 424;
General Price moves to southwestern part of the State, 424;
the patriot army of Missouri, 425;
rout of the enemy at Carthage, 425;
anxiety about affairs in Missouri, 426;
General Price's efforts, 427, 428;
complaints and embarrassments in, 427;
correspondence with John B. Clark, 427;
destitution of arms, 428;
Missourians at Vicksburg, 428;
aid from Confederate States, 429;
battle at Springfield, 429;
action of General Fremont, 430;
conflict at Lexington, 430;
asserts her right to exercise supreme control over her domestic
affairs, 421;
proceedings in, 421;
attack of Kansas troops, 431;
put to flight, 431;
increase of the force of the enemy, 432;
General Price retires, 432;
evidence that the ordinance of secession was the expression of the
popular will of Missouri, 432.
_Misrepresentations_, inspired by a cabal in St. Louis, 418.
Monroe, Judge, citizen of Kentucky, his treatment by the Government of
the United States, 398.
Moore, Surgeon L. P., appointed Surgeon-general, 310.
Morris, Gouverneur, his use of the word "compact," 137;
his remarkable propositions in the Convention, and their fate, 159,
160.
Motley, John L., his assertions relative to the Constitution, 129;
his declaration relative to the words "sovereign" and "sovereignty,"
143;
views on the second clause of the sixth article, 150.
_Munitions of war_, preparations to provide them, 316;
prompt measures to supply niter, saltpeter, charcoal, 316.
Myers, Lieutenant-Colonel A. C., appointed quartermaster-general, 310.
"_National_," how the word was treated in the Convention that framed the
Constitution, 97.
_Nationalism_, its fate in the Constitutional Convention, 161.
_Naval officers, Southern_, view of their position, 313;
returned all vessels to the North, 314.
_Naval vessels_, instructions to Captain Semmes to seek for, 313;
views relative to Southern naval officers, 313;
officer sent to England, 314.
Nelson, Judge, coöperates between the Commissioners and the Federal
authorities, 267;
his own views, 267.
_Neutrality_, the position assumed by Kentucky, 386.
_Neutrality of Kentucky_ not respected by United States Government, 397;
historical statement, 398.
_New Hampshire_, instructions to her deputies to the Constitutional
Convention, 92;
her ratification of the Federal Constitution, 108;
use of the word "compact" as applied to the Constitution, 134;
use of the word "sovereign" as applied to the State, 143;
on the reserved powers of the States, 147.
_New Jersey_, instructions to her delegates to the Constitutional
Convention, 90;
her ratification of the Federal Constitution, 106.
_New States_, practice of the Government relative to the admission of,
38;
the usual process of transition, 39;
question of sovereignty, 39;
Territorial Legislatures the agents of Congress, 40.
_New York_, instructions to her delegates to the Constitutional
Convention, 92;
how the ratification was secured, 109;
a declaration of principles, 110;
her declaration on the reserved powers of the States, 147;
conditions upon which the land for Brooklyn Navy Yard was ceded to the
United States, 209;
nine States to ratify, reason for the adoption of this number, 98;
why referred to State Conventions, 99;
a dissolution of the Union, 100;
the right of, to form a government for themselves under the seventh
article of the Constitution, 101;
a refutation of the assertion that the Constitution was formed by the
people in the aggregate, 101.
_Niter and Mining Bureau_, organized, 477;
its operation, 477.
_North, The_, the cause of undue caution, 314.
_North Carolina_, instructions to her commissioners to the
Constitutional Convention, 90;
her declaration on the reserved powers of the States, 147.
_Northern States_, at the last moment, refuse to make any concessions,
or offer any guarantees to check the current toward secession of the
complaining States, 438;
responsible for whatever of bloodshed, of devastation, or shock to
republican government has resulted from the war, 439.
Northrop, Colonel L. B., placed at the head of the subsistence
department, 303;
his experience and capacity, 303;
rank, 310;
his efforts to provide for present and future supplies, 315;
lack of transportation, 315.
_Nullification_ and _secession_, distinction between, 184.
_Oath_ required by the Constitution, some took it and made use of the
powers and opportunities of the offices held under its sanctions to
nullify its obligations, 81.
_Object of the war_, our subjugation by the North, 321.
_Obstacles_ to the formation of a more perfect Union, 31.
"_On to Richmond_," changed at Manassas to "off to Washington," 351.
_Order of pursuit_, after the victory at Manassas, details of, 353, 354;
not sent, 355;
another order sent, 355.
_Ordinance of Virginia_ in 1787, its articles, 7;
urged as a precedent in support of the claim of a power in Congress to
determine the question of the admission of slaves into the
Territories, 10;
its validity examined, 10, 11.
Orr, James L., Commissioner from South Carolina to Washington, 213.
_Pandora's box_, the opening of, 15.
_Paradoxical theories_, relative to sovereignty in the United States,
142;
no government is sovereign, 142.
_Patriot army of_ Missouri, description of, 425.
Patterson, William, arguments for the Jersey plan in the Constitutional
Convention, 206.
Patterson, Major-General, commands force at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania,
337;
its object, 338.
_Pause, A_, to consider the attitude of the parties to the contest, and
the grounds on which they stand, 289.
_Peace Congress_, it assembles, 248;
States represented, 248;
its officers and proceedings, 249;
the plan proposed, 250;
how treated by the majority, 250;
the failure of, 296.
Pegram, Colonel, second in command at Rich Mountain, 338.
Pendleton, Captain W. N., commands an effective battery at Manassas,
358.
_Peninsula of Virginia_, features for defense, 300.
_Pennsylvania_, instructions to her deputies to the Constitutional
Convention, 90;
words with which she ratified the Federal Constitution, 105.
_People in the aggregate, The_, no instance of the action of the people
as one body, 119;
use of the word by Virginia, 125;
its early use, 125;
do. in the Declaration of Independence, 126;
views of Story, 126;
speak as the people of the States, 152.
_People of the State_, the only sovereign political community before the
adoption of the Federal Constitution, 154.
_People of the United States_, understood to mean the people of the
respective States, 174;
views of Virginia, of Massachusetts, and others, 174.
_People of the South_, their hope and wish that the disagreeable
necessity of separation would be peaceably met, 438;
every step of the Confederate Government directed to that end, 439.
_Perpetuity of the Union_, danger to, foreshadowed, 185.
Pickens, Governor, his dispatch relative to Colonel Lamon, 272.
_Pickens, Fort_, its condition at the outbreak of the war, 203.
Pickering, Timothy, letter in 1803-'4 on a separation of the Union, 71;
his prediction, 79.
Pierce, Franklin, President, his character, 25.
_Plans of the enemy_, their development, 468.
_Pledge_ given by Federal authorities to Confederate Commissioners and
Government for the evacuation of Sumter and unchanged condition of
Pickens, 269.
_Plighted faith_, the last vestige of, disappeared, 274.
_Point of honor_, the, raised by Secretary Seward, 273.
_Political parties_, the changes occurring in, 35;
their names and signification, 35.
Polk, Major-General Leonidas, enters Kentucky and occupies Hickman and
Columbus, 391;
his dispatch to the President and the answer, 392;
answer to Kentucky Committee, 394;
letter to the Governor of Kentucky, 396;
his proposition, 397;
repulses the assailants at Belmont, 404;
his report of the conflict, 405.
_Popular sovereignty party_ of 1860, its principles, 51.
_Powder_, our supply in 1861, 472;
first efforts to obtain, 473;
mills in existence, 472;
progress of development, 474;
amount of powder annually required, 474;
how supplied, 474, 475;
Government mills, 475.
Powell, Senator, offers a resolution in the United States Senate
relative to the state of affairs in 1860, 61;
action on the resolution, 68.
_Power, Political_, the balance of, the basis of sectional controversy,
11;
its earlier manifestations, 11.
_Power of amendment_, special examination of, 195;
what is the Constitution? 195;
the States have only intrusted to a common agent certain functions,
196;
a power to amend the delegated grants, 196;
the first ten amendments, 196;
distinction between amendment and delegation of power, 196;
smaller power required for amendment than for a grant, 196;
apprehensions of the power of amendment, 197;
restrictions placed on the exercise of the delegated powers, 197;
effect on New England, 198.
_Power of the Confederate Government_ over its own armies and the
militia, 506;
object of confederations, 506;
the war powers granted, 507;
two modes of raising armies in the Confederate States, 507;
is the law necessary and proper? 508;
Congress is the judge, under the grant of specific power, 508;
what is meant by militia, 509;
whole military strength divided into two classes, 510;
powers of Congress, 510;
objections answered, 511;
the limitations enlarged, 512;
result of the operations of these laws, 515;
act for the employment of slaves, 515;
message to Congress, 515;
died of a theory, 518;
act passed, 518;
not time to put it in operation, 519.
_Power to prohibit slavery_ in a Territory, argument for its possession
by the United States Congress, 26.
_Preamble to the Constitution_, its words, 121;
the stronghold of the advocates of consolidation, 121;
we, the People, interpreted as a nation, 121;
words of John Adams, 121;
do. of Patrick Henry, 121;
other words of Henry, 122;
answer of Madison to Henry, 122;
the people were those of the respective States, 123;
proceeding in the Convention, 123;
the original words reported, 124;
vote on them unanimous, 124;
reason of modification, 124;
the word _people_--its signification, 125;
examples from Scripture, 125;
instances in the Declaration of Independence, 126;
revolt of Maryland, 126;
do. of North Carolina and Rhode Island, 126.
_Precipitation_, the calmness with which Southern measures were adopted
refutes the charge of, 199.
_Prediction_ of Timothy Pickering, 79.
_Presidential election of 1800_, the basis of the contest, 189;
the last contest on them, 189.
_Pretension, Absurdity of_ the, by which a factitious sympathy was
obtained in certain quarters for the war upon the South, on the ground
that it was a war in behalf of freedom against slavery, 262;
letter of Mr. Seward, 263.
Price, General, agreement with General Harney, 416;
address to the people of Missouri, 421, 422;
his efforts in Missouri, 427, 428;
his enthusiasm, 428;
magnanimity at the battle of Springfield, 429.
_Proclamation of President Lincoln_ on April 15, 1861, an official
declaration of war, 319;
his words, 319;
power granted in the Constitution, how expressed, 320;
delegated to Congress, 320;
action of South Carolina, 320;
the State designated as a combination, 320;
not recognized as a State, 320;
its effect, 321;
reason of President Lincoln for designating the State as a
combination, 321;
no authority to enter a State on insurrection arising, 321;
words of the Constitution, 321;
his efforts to justify himself, 322;
was it an insurrection? 325.
_Prohibitory clauses_, relative to the States, 149.
_Propositions_ clearly established relative to sovereignty, 157, 158.
_Proposition of Major-General Polk_ to the Governor of Kentucky, 397.
_Public opinion_, how drifted from the landmarks set up by the sages and
patriots who formed the constitutional Union, 216.
Quincy, Josiah, member of Congress from Massachusetts, declaration of a
dissolution of the Union in 1811, 73.
Quitman, John A., nominated for Governor of Mississippi, 20;
accepts and subsequently withdraws, 20.
_Railroads_, insufficient in number, 315;
poorly furnished, 315;
dependent on Northern foundries, 315.
Rains, General G. W., his experience, 316;
charged with the manufacture of powder, 316;
undertakes the manufacture of powder, 475.
Randolph, Edmund, plan of government offered in the Convention, 96;
his views on the coercion of a State, 178.
Reagan, J. H., Postmaster-General under Provisional Constitution, 242.
Rector, Governor of Arkansas, reply to Mr. Lincoln's call for troops,
412.
_Relay House_, occupied by United States troops, 333.
_Remedy, The_, invoked by Mr. Calhoun 189.
_Representatives of the South_, their proceedings at Washington.
_Republic, An American_, never transfers or surrenders its sovereignty,
154.
_Republican (so-called) Convention_ of 1860, a purely sectional body,
49;
its selection of candidates, 49;
declaration of Mr. Lincoln, 49.
_Republican party_, its growth, 36;
its principle, 36;
votes, 36;
of 1860, its principles, 51.
_Republicans_, demand made on them in the United States Senate for a
declaration of their policy, 69;
no answer, 69.
_Resolutions_, relating to Territories offered by Senator Davis, 42;
discussion and vote upon them, 43;
position of the Senator, 44;
adopted by Southern Senators, 204;
their significance, 204;
further efforts would be unavailing, 205.
_Resolutions of_ 1798-'99, the corner-stone of the political edifice of
Mr. Jefferson, 385.
_Reserved powers of the States_, views of Massachusetts and New
Hampshire, 146, 147;
declaration of New York, 147;
do. of South Carolina, 147;
do. of North Carolina, 147;
do. of Rhode Island, 148;
no objection made to the principle, 148.
_Resumption of powers, etc._, some objections considered, 180;
as to new States, 180;
every State equal, 180;
States formed of purchased territory, 181;
allegiance to the Federal Government said to be paramount, 182;
examined, 182;
the sovereign is the people, 182;
the right asserted in the ratifications of Virginia, New York, and
Rhode Island, 173;
effort to construe these as declaring the right of one people, 174.
_Revolutionary measures in the extreme_, acts of the United States
Government in Missouri, 420.
Reynolds, Lieutenant-Governor, ably seconds the efforts of Governor
Jackson in Missouri, 423.
_Rhode Island_, the Constitution rejected by a vote of the people, 111;
subsequently ratified, 111;
terms of ratification, 111;
letter of her Governor to President Washington relative to her
position as not a member of the new Union, 113;
her declaration on the reserved powers of the States, 148.
_Rich Mountain_, West Virginia, the contest at, 338.
_Richmond_, a campaign against, planned by the enemy, 466.
_Right, the_, enunciated in the Declaration of Independence, 386;
determination of the States to exercise it, 386;
to attack Fort Sumter, South Carolina a State, 290;
ground on which the fort stood ceded in trust to the United States for
her defense, 290;
no other had an interest in the maintenance of the fort except for
aggression against her, 290;
remarks of Senator Douglas, 290.
_Rights of the States_, assertions of, in various quarters, 190;
resolutions of Massachusetts Legislature, 190;
declaration on the purchase of Louisiana, 190;
on the admission of the State, 190;
on the annexation of Texas, 190.
_Right of the Federal troops to enter a State_, 411;
words of the Constitution, 411;
how could they be sent to overrule the will of the people? 411.
Roman, A. B., appointed Commissioner to United States, 246.
_Romney_, the affair near, in June, 1861, 343.
"_Rope of sand_," the expression examined, 176.
Scott, Major-General, advises the evacuation of the forts, 282.
_Seat of sovereignty_, never disturbed heretofore in this country, 154.
_Secession_, the tendency of the Southern movement to, 60;
repeated instances of the assertion of this right in the prior history
of the country, 71;
several instances, 71;
letters, 71;
provision made for, 100;
the right of, to be veiled, 101;
a question easily determined, 168;
the compact between the States was in the nature of a partnership,
168;
law of partnerships, 168;
formation of the Confederation, 169;
do. of the "more perfect Union," 169;
an amended Union not a consolidation, 169;
the very powers of the Federal Government and prohibitions to the
States, relied upon by the advocates of centralism as incompatible
with State sovereignty, were in force under the old Confederation,
170;
arguments of Madison to show that the great principles of the
Constitution and the Articles of Confederation are the same, 170;
extract, 171;
why was it not expressly renounced if it was intended to surrender it?
172;
it would have been extraordinary to put in the Constitution a
provision for the dissolution of the Union, 172;
in treaties there is a provision for perpetuity, but the right to
dissolve the compact is not less clearly understood, 172;
the movements which culminated in, began before the session of
Congress of December, 1860, 201;
action of the author, 201, 202.
_Secession and coercion_, views on, that had been held in all parts of
the country, 252.
_Secessionists per se_, number so small as not to be felt in any popular
decision, 301;
only alternative to a surrender of equality in the union, 301.
_Sectional controversy_, the basis of, 11;
no question of the right or wrong of slavery involved in the earlier,
13.
_Sectional hostility_, not the consequence of any difference on the
abstract question of slavery, 79;
the offspring of sectional rivalry and political ambition, 79.
_Sectional rivalry_, its efforts to prevent free emigration, 29.
_Self-defense_, preparations for, 326;
declarations of the message to Congress, 326;
the state of affairs, 326, 327;
acts for military purposes passed, 327;
our object and desire distinctly declared, 327;
the patriotic devotion of every portion of the country, 328;
secession of the border States, 328.
Semmes, Captain, afterward Admiral, 311;
sent North to purchase arms, ammunition, etc., etc., 311;
letter of instructions, 311.
_Senators, Southern_, efforts to dissuade from aggressive movements,
204;
how exerted, 204.
_Separation_ made familiar to the people by agitation, 227.
_Settlement with the United States_, views relative to, 245.
Seward, W. H., letter to Mr. Dayton on the views and purposes of the
United States Government, 262;
proceedings as Secretary of State relative to our Commissioners, 267;
his declarations, 268;
assurances given, 269;
his representations and misrepresentations to the Commissioners, 273,
425;
further statements, 277.
Seymour, Horatio. remarks relative to coercion, 255.
Sharkey, William L., anecdote of, 230.
_Sharp correspondence_ between the Commissioners from South Carolina and
President Buchanan, 214 (see Appendix).
Sherman, Roger, his use of the word "sovereign" as applied to the
States, 144.
Singleton, O. R., letter on conference of Senators and Representatives
in Congress from Mississippi with the Governor, 58.
_Slaves_, importation forbidden by Southern States, 4.
_Slave-trade_, interference with, by Congress forbidden in the
Constitution, 4;
importation forbidden by Southern States, 4;
its final abolition, 5.
_Slavery_, a right understanding of questions growing out of, 3;
existed at the adoption of the Federal Constitution, 3;
occasion of diversities, 3;
cause of its abolition, 4;
first petitions for abolition of, 5;
question of maintenance of, belongs exclusively to the States, 6;
how raised by zealots in the North, 6;
the extension of, a term misleading the opinions of the world, 6;
did not imply the addition of a single slave to the number existing,
7;
signified distribution or dispersion, 7;
no question of the right or wrong of, involved in the earlier
sectional controversies, 13;
historical sketch of its existence among us, 78;
far from being the cause of the conflict, 73;
only an incident, 80;
a matter entirely subject to the control of the States, 80;
its existence and validity distinctly recognized by the Constitution,
80.
_Slaves_, message on the employment of, in the army, 515;
act passed, 519.
Smith, General E. K., wounded at Manassas, 351.
_South Carolina_ repeals law to prohibit importation of slaves, 4;
instructions to her representatives to the Constitutional Convention,
91;
adopts an ordinance of secession, 70;
her representatives in Congress withdraw, 70;
action of other States, 71;
her ratification of the Federal Constitution, 108;
her declaration on the reserved powers of the States, 147;
conditions of her cession of sites for ports in Charleston Harbor to
United States, 210;
any delay by her to secede could not have changed the result, 300;
nature of her act of secession, 320.
_South, The_, growth of overweening confidence in, 314.
_Southern manifestations_, cause of, after the Presidential election of
1860, 53;
their deliberate action, 54.
_Southern_ people, in advance of their leaders throughout, 199;
their grounds to hope there would be no war, 257;
their conservative temper, 258;
the prevailing sentiment, a cordial attachment to the Union, 301.
_Southern States_, only alternative to seek security out of the Union,
85;
what course remained for them to adopt, 192;
over sovereigns there is no common judge, 192;
their defenseless condition in 1861, 228;
their calamities a result of their credulous reliance on the power of
the Constitution, 228;
satisfied with a Federal Government such as their fathers had formed,
439;
against the violations of the Constitution they remonstrated, argued,
and finally appealed to the undelegated power of the States, 439;
years of fruitless effort to secure from their Northern associates a
faithful observance of the compact, 439;
a peaceful separation preferred to a continuance in a hostile Union,
439;
pleas for peace met deceptive answers, 440.
_Sovereignty resides alone in the States, 26;
assertion of Story, 141;
increased the unnecessary confusion of ideas, 141;
definition of Burlamaqui, 141;
sovereignty seated in the people, 141;
they can exercise it only through the State, 141;
the States were sovereign under the articles of Confederation, 142;
never been divested of it, 142;
paradoxical theories in the United States, 142;
if the people have transferred their sovereignty, to whom was it made?
143;
declaration of Motley, 143;
refutation by articles of Confederation, 143;
action of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 143;
declarations of Madison, Hamilton, and others, 143, 144;
views of others, 145;
reservations in the tenth amendment, 146;
its meaning, 146;
views of the States on signification of it, 147, 148.
_Sovereign will_, two modes of expressing known to the people of this
country, 153;
an effort to make it clear beyond the possibility of misconception,
153;
propositions clearly established, 157, 158.
_Special friends of the Union_, claim arrogated by the abolitionists,
34.
_Springfield, Missouri_, the battle at, 429.
_Squatter sovereignty_, responsibilities of the authors of, 31;
its origin, 36;
when fully developed, 38;
the theory in its application to Territories, 40.
_Star of the West,_ attempts to reënforce Fort Sumter, 217;
the result, 218.
_Statements_, unfounded, relative to the election of Provisional
President, 236.
_State_, a suit against, views of Hamilton, 162.
_State seceding, A_, assumes control of all her defenses intrusted to
the United States, 211.
_States, The_, their separate independence acknowledged by Great
Britain, 47;
to whom could they have surrendered their sovereignty, 156;
represented in the Peace Congress, 248;
as States, mentioned in the Constitution seventy times, 130;
ratification by, alone gave validity to the Constitution, 132;
have never been divested of sovereignty, 142.
_States Rights party_ of 1860, its principles, 51.
Stephens, Alexander H., elected Vice-President of the Confederate
States, 230;
remarks on the permanent Constitution, 258.
St. John, General, appointed commissary-general of subsistence, 318;
his report, 318.
Story, Judge Joseph, a question asked by him, 132;
its answer, 132.
Stuart, General J. E. B., activity and vigilance in Virginia, 344.
_Subjugation_; the measures of the United States Government in Missouri
designed for the subjugation of the State, 423.
_Sumter, Fort_, correspondence relative to occupancy of, between Colonel
I.W. Hayne and President Buchanan, 219;
state of affairs relative to, after the inauguration of President
Lincoln, 267;
pledges given relative to, 269;
proceedings of G. V. Fox relative to reënforcing and furnishing
supplies to, 271;
official notification from Washington, 274;
correspondence relative to bombardment of, 285, 286;
do. relative to evacuation of, 288;
the right to claim it as public property is untenable, apart from a
claim of coercive control over the State, 290;
the right of the Federal Government to coerce a State to submission,
291;
no hope of peaceful settlement existed, 291;
repeated attempts at negotiation, 291;
met by evasion, prevarication, and perfidy, 291;
the right to demand that there should be no hostile grip pending a
settlement, 291;
the forbearance of the Confederate Government unexampled, 292;
he who makes the assault is not necessarily the one who strikes the
first blow, 292;
the attempt to represent us as the aggressors unfounded, 292;
"firing on the flag," 292;
idea of the commander of the Pawnee, 292;
remark of Greeley, 293;
the conflict, 293;
nobody injured, 293;
extract from Mr. Lincoln's message, 294;
reply, 294;
a word from him would have relieved the hungry, 294;
suppose the Confederate authorities had consent to supplies for the
garrison, 294;
what would have been the next step, 294;
what reliance could be placed on his assurances, 294;
fire upon, opened by General Beauregard, 293;
the conflict, 293;
final surrender, 293;
an incident of ex-Senator Wigfall, 293;
terms of surrender, 293;
bombardment in anticipation of the fleet, 296.
_Supremacy of the Constitution_, considerations conducing to a clearer
understanding of, 150;
declared to be in the Constitution and laws, not in the Government of
the United States, 151.
_Supremacy, State_, the controlling idea in the Confederate army bill,
304;
arms and munitions within the several States were considered as
belonging to them, 305;
the forces could only be drawn from the several States by their
consent, 305;
the system of organization, 305;
provision for the discharge of the forces, 305;
the act to provide for the public defense, 305;
the law for the establishment and organization of the army of the
Confederate States, 306;
wish and object of the Government were peace, 306;
provisions of the act, 306.
Taney, Chief-Justice, remark in the Dred Scott case, 84.
_Tariff laws_, enacted for protection against foreign competition, 32;
a burden on the Southern States, 32;
a most prolific source of sectional strife, 498;
its early history, 498;
policy of the British Government with the colonies, 499;
a difficulty in the Constitutional Convention, 499;
progress after the formation of the Union, 500;
all laws based on the principle of duties for revenue, 500;
the first time a tariff law had protection for its object, it for the
first time produced discontent, 501;
geographical differences between North and South, 501;
legislation for the benefit of Northern manufactures a Northern
policy, 501;
the controversy quadrennially renewed, 502;
motion of Mr. Drayton, of South Carolina, 502;
progress of parties, 503;
position of Southern representatives, 503;
other causes, 503;
general effect on the character of our institutions, 504.
_Texas_, her division, how effected, 16;
compared with California, 16.
_Taxation_, the system of measures for, 493;
objects of taxation, 494;
direct taxes, 494;
obstacle to the levy of these taxes, 495.
Thayer, James S., speech of, in New York, on the attempt to coerce a
State, 254.
_Thirteen, Senate Committee_ of, consequences of their failure to come
to an agreement, 199.
_Thoroughfare Gap_, meat-packing establishment at, 462.
Toombs, Robert, Secretary of State under Provisional Constitution, 242.
Townsend, Colonel Frederick, commands Third Regiment of the enemy's
force at Bethel Church, 342;
his account of the combat at Bethel Church, 342.
_Travesty of history_, statements of a foreign writer, 201;
their absurdity shown, 201.
_Trent, The steamer_, seizure of our Commissioners on board, 470;
their treatment and restoration, 470.
_Tribune, The New York_, declaration relative to the coercion of States,
56;
its declarations relative to coercion, 252.
_Troops, Southern_, rush to Virginia, 300;
also sent by Confederate Government, 300.
_Troops_ of the two armies, exemplification of the difference before
either was trained to war, 342, 343.
_Union, The_, no moral or sentimental considerations involved in the
controversies that ruptured the Union, 6.
_Union, Dissolution of the_, first threats or warnings of, from New
England, 12;
ground of opposition stated, 12;
Colonel Timothy Pickering in 1803, 71;
do. in 1804, 72;
its peaceful character, 72;
declaration of Josiah Quincy in Congress in 1811, 73;
action of the House, 74;
the celebrated Hartford Convention, 74;
its proceedings, 74;
published report, 74;
their declaration, 75;
threats of Massachusetts in 1844, 76.
_Union_, the, how to be saved, views of President Buchanan, 54;
declaration of Senator Calhoun, 55.
_Union, A perpetual_, provided for in the last article of the
Confederation, 98;
a serious difficulty, 98;
danger of failure, 98.
_Union_, A, necessarily involves the idea of competent States, 128;
was not formed to destroy the States, but to secure the blessings of
liberty, 176;
a voluntary junction of free and independent States, 439.
_Union of the armies of Johnston and Beauregard_, decided at Richmond,
347;
order sent to Johnston, 347.
_United States Supreme Court_, decision of, flouted, denounced, and
disregarded, 85.
_Usurpation_, tendency to, in the Federal Government, 176;
last effort to stay the tide of, 247;
set on foot by Virginia, 247;
an effort for adjustment, 247;
the Peace Congress, 248.
Vattel, his views on the sovereignty of a state, 145.
Vaughn, Colonel, report of the affair near Romney, in June, 1861, 343;
a notice of Vaughn, 344.
_Virginia_, made efforts to prohibit the importation of slaves, 4;
first to prohibit, 5;
her cession of territory in 1784, 7;
Ordinance of 1787, 7;
the occasion of her cession of territory north of the Ohio River, 47;
instructions to her Commissioners to the Constitutional Convention,
90;
long debates in her Convention, 108;
the speakers, 108;
her terms of ratification, 109;
her cession of sites for forts to United States, 210;
act of cession, 211;
proposes a convention to adjust existing controversies, 247;
appoints commissioners, 247;
her ordinance subject to the ratification of the people, 299;
forms a convention with the Confederate States, 299;
prompt to reclaim the grants she had made on the appearance of
President Lincoln's proclamation, 298;
passes an ordinance of secession, 299;
liable to be invaded from north, east, and west, 300;
the forces assembled in, 340;
divided into three armies, 340;
their positions, 340;
junction possible between first and second, 340;
her history a long course of sacrifices for the benefit of her sister
States, 440;
her efforts to check dissolution, 440;
her mediations rejected in the Peace Congress, 440;
required to furnish troops for subjugation, or reclaim her grants to
the Federal Government, 440;
one course left consistent with her stainless reputation, 440;
the forces of the enemy around her, 440;
Richmond threatened, 441.
_Volunteers_, sufficient secured during the first year, 505;
laws relating to the military service, 506.
Walker, L. P., Secretary of War under Provisional Constitution, 242.
Walworth, Chancellor, remarks on the coercion of the Southern States,
255.
_War of the Revolution_, its causes were grievances inflicted on the
Northern colonies, 148;
the South had no material cause of complaint, 48.
_War, the late bloody_, the theory on which it was waged, 160;
proposition in the Convention to incorporate it in the Constitution,
160;
not seconded, 160.
_War between the Slates_, who was responsible for? 440;
the probability of, discussed by the people, 227;
opinion that it would be long and bloody, 230.
_War-cry, the_, employed to train the Northern mind, 29;
its success, 30.
_Washington_, the great effort of invasion to be from that point, 337;
accumulation of troops, 337.
Washington, George, his use of the word "compact" as applied to the
Constitution, 138;
repeatedly refers to the proposed Union as a confederacy, 164;
extracts from his letters, 164.
Washington, John A., killed on a reconnaissance, 436.
Webster, Daniel, remark of, at the death of Mr. Calhoun, 17;
first to revive refuted misconceptions, 128;
a remark of his, 134;
denies the Constitution to be a compact, 135;
on the word "accede," 136;
his concessions, 137;
denied what Massachusetts and New Hampshire affirmed, 139;
on the sovereignty of the Government, 151;
his inconsistent ideas, 152;
his views in 1819, 166;
his speech at Capon Springs, 167;
on the omission of a State to appoint Senators, 179.
Welles, Gideon, statement of proceedings in Mr. Lincoln's Cabinet, 276.
Wise, General Henry A., sent to western Virginia, 433;
his success, 433.