LOW and LAW (A.S. _hláw_, _hlæw_),'a rising ground;' as Houns_low_,
Lud_low_, and numerous _laws_ in Scotland. [Cog. with Goth. _hlaiw_, a
mound, and perh. allied to L. _clivus_, a slope.]
MAGH (Celt.), 'a plain;' as Ar_magh_, _May_nooth.
MARK (Teut.), 'a boundary;' Den_mark_, _Merc_ia, _Murc_ia.
MARKT (Ger.), 'a market;' as Bibert_markt_.
MEDINA (Ar.), 'city;' as _Medina_, _Medina_-Sidonia.
MERE, MOOR (A.S.), 'a lake' or 'marsh;' as _Mer_sey, Black_more_.
MINSTER (A.S.), MÜNSTER (Ger.), 'a monastic foundation;' as West_minster_,
Neu_münster_.
MOR (Celt.), 'great;' Ben_more_ ('great mountain').
MOR (Celt.), 'the sea;' as _Mor_ay, Ar_mor_ica, _Mor_laix, Gla_mor_gan,
_Mor_bihan.
MULL (Gael.), 'a headland;' as _Mull_ of Galloway.
NAGY (Hungarian), 'great;' as _Nagy_-Koros, _Nagy_-Karoly.
NANT (Celt.), 'a brook,' 'valley;' as _Nant_wich, _Nant_glyn.
NESS or NAZE (Scand.; see Dict.), 'a nose' or 'promontory;' as Caith_ness_,
Sheer_ness_, Cape Gris_nez_; the _Naze_.
OCHTER. See Auchter.
OË. See Ea.
OLD, ELD, ALT (Teut.), 'old;' as _Alt_horp, _Elt_on, _Elt_ham, _Ald_bury,
_A_bury. [See _Old_ in Dict.]
PATAM (Sans.), 'a city;' Seringa_patam_, _Patna_.
PEAK, PIKE (Celt., conn. with Ger. _spitz_, Fr. _pic_ and _puy_) 'point;'
as the _Peak_, the _Pikes_ in Cumberland, _Spitz_bergen, _Pic_ du Midi,
_Puy_ de Dôme.
PEEL (Celt.), 'a stronghold;' as _Peel_ in Man, and numerous _peels_ on the
Border of Scotland.
PEN. See Ben.
POLIS (Gr.), 'a city;' as Greno_ble_, Na_blous_, Na_ples_, Sebasto_pol_.
PONT (L.), 'a bridge;' as _Pont_efract, Negro_pont_.
POOR, PORE, PUR (Sans. _pura_), 'a town;' as Nag_pur_, Cawn_pore_,
Singa_pore_.
PORT (L. _portus_), 'a harbour;' as _Port_patrick, South_port_.
RAS (Ar.), 'a cape;' as _Ras_-al-had.
RATH (Ir.), 'a round earthen fort;' as _Rath_more, _Rath_beg, _Rath_o,
_Ratt_ray.
RHE, REA, RI, a root found in many languages, as L. _rivus_, a stream,
Sans. _r[=i]na_, flowing, A.S. _ríth_, a stream, Sp. and Port. _rio_, a
river, meaning 'to flow;' as _Rh_ine, _Rh_one, _Rh_a, _Re___no, _Rye_,
_Ray_, _Rhee_, _Wrey_, _Roe_, _Rae_; _Rio_ de Janeiro, _Rio_-Negro.
RIDGE, in Scotland RIGG (A.S. _hrycg_, Ger. _rücken_), 'a back;' as
_Rei_gate, _Ruge_ley, Long_ridge_.
RIN (Celt.), 'a point of land;' _Rhinns_ of Galloway; Pen_rhyn_ in Wales,
_Ring_send near Dublin.
ROS, ROSS (Celt.), 'a promontory;' Kin_ross_, _Ros_neath, _Rose_hearty,
_Ross_dhu, _Ros_lin; in S. Ireland, a wood, as _Ros_common, _Ross_keen. The
_-ros_ in Melrose is more probably the equivalent of Cornish _ros_, a moor;
thus Melrose=the Celt. _maol-ros_, 'bare moor.'
SALZ (Ger.), 'salt;' as _Salz_burg.
SCALE (Scand.), 'a hut' (Scot. _shieling_; Ice. _skali_); Portin_scale_,
and possibly _Shields_, Gala_shiels_, _Sel_kirk.
SCAR (Scand.), 'a cliff;' _Scar_borough, the _Skerries_.
SCHLOSS (Ger.), 'a castle;' as Marien_schloss_.
SERAI (Turk.), 'a palace;' as Bosna-_serai_ or _Serai_ëvo.
SET (A.S.), 'a seat,' 'a settlement;' Dor_set_, Somer_set_, Amble_side_,
_Seid_litz.
SEX, 'Saxons;' as Es_sex_ ('East Saxons'), Sus_sex_ ('South Saxons').
SIERRA (Sp.--L. _serra_), 'a saw;' or from Ar. _sehrah_, 'an uncultivated
tract.'
SLIEVH (Ir.; allied to L. _clivus_, a slope), 'a mountain;' as _Slievh_
Beg.
SOUTH, found in _Suf_folk, _Sus_sex, _South_ampton, _Suther_land, _Sut_ton,
_Sud_bury, _Sud_ley.
STADT. See Stead.
STAN (Per.), 'a land;' Hindu_stan_. Afghani_stan_.
STAPLE (A.S.), 'a store;' Dun_stable_, Barn_staple_.
STEAD (A.S.), STADT (Ger.), 'a town;' as Hamp_stead_, Neu_stadt_, Ny_sted_.
STER (Scand. _stadhr_), 'a place;' as Ul_ster_.
STOC, STOKE, and STOW (A.S.), 'a stockaded place;' as Bri_stow_ or
Bri_stol_, Tavi_stock_, _Stock_holm, _Stow_.
STONE (A.S.), STEIN (Ger.), 'a stone,' 'a rock;' as _Stan_ton, _Staines_,
Eddy_stone_, _Stennis_, Franken_stein_.
STRATH (Gael.), 'a broad valley;' as _Strath_more, _Strath_blane,
_Strath_earn.
STREET (L. _stratum_), 'a Roman road;' as _Strat_ford, _Stratt_on,
_Streat_ham. [See _Street_ in Dict.]
SU (Turk.), 'water;' as Kara_su_.
TAIN (Gael.), 'a river;' as the _Tyne_, prob. a form of _Don_.
TAM (Celt.), 'still,' 'smooth;' as the _Tham_esis ('smooth Isis'), the
_Tema_, _Tame_, _Tamar_, _Tay_.
THING (Scand.), 'a legislative assembly,' also 'the place where it is
held;' as in _Ding_wall, _Tin_wald, _Tyn_wald Hill, _Tain_.
THORPE (Norse), DORF (Ger.), DORP (Dut.), 'a village;' as Burnham-_Thorpe_,
Hey_thorpe_, Düssel_dorf_, Middle_dorp_.
THWAITE (Scand.), 'a clearing;' as Cross_thwaite_.
TOBAR (Gael.), 'a fountain;' as _Tober_mory.
TOFT (Dan.), 'an enclosure;' as Lowes_toft_, Ive_tot_.
TON (A.S.), 'enclosure,' 'town;' the most common of English local suffixes.
TOR (Celt.), 'a tower-like rock;' as _Tor_bay, _Tor_phichen, _Turr_iff,
_Tor_bolton, Kin_tore_, _Torr_idon. [From L. _turris_, 'a tower,' and its
derivatives are _Torres_-Novas and _Torres_-Vedras in Portugal, _Trux_illo
in Spain, _Tour_coing in France.]
TRE (W.), 'a dwelling;' as _Tre_town, Coven_try_ ('convent dwelling'),
Oswes_try_, Uchil_tre_.
UCHEL (W.), 'high;' UACHTER (Gael.), 'a height;' as the _Ochil_ Hills,
_Ochil_tree, _Auchter_arder.
VAR, VARAD (Hungarian), 'a fortress;' as Nagy_varad_.
VAROS (Hungarian), 'a town;' as Uj_varos_.
VILLE (Fr.,--L. _villa_), VILLA (It., Sp., Port.), WELL (Eng.), 'an abode;'
as Tanker_ville_, Yeo_vil_, Potts_ville_, Kettle_well_, Brad_well_,
Max_well_town.
WADY (Ar.), 'a river-course,' 'a river.' See Guad.
WALL, found in many names of places on the Roman wall from Newcastle to
Carlisle; as _Wall_send, _Wall_head.
WEALD, WOLD (Ger. wald), 'a wood;' _Walt_ham, _Wald_en, the Cots_wolds_;
Schwarz_wald_ ('Black Forest').
WHANG. See Hoang.
WICK, WICH (A.S. _wíc_), 'a village;' as in Ber_wick_, War_wick_,
Green_wich_, Sand_wich_.
WICK (Scand., Ice. _vík_, 'a creek'); as _Wick_ in Caithness.
WORTH (A.S.), 'a farm' or 'estate;' as Tam_worth_, Kenil_worth_,
Bos_worth_, _Worth_ing, Pol_warth_, Jed_burgh_=Jed_ward_.
WY or GWY (W.), 'water;' as the _Wye_; used as affix to many streams, as
Con_way_, Med_way_.
* * * * *
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS,
TOGETHER WITH SIGNS AND SYMBOLS USED IN
MEDICINE AND MUSIC.
A. Amateur; Academician.
A. Accepted; acre; active; afternoon; _annus_, year; _ante_, before.
[=A] or [=A][=A], in prescriptions, of each a like quantity.
A. or ANS. Answer.
A1. First-class (of ships).
A.A.C., _anno ante Christum_=In the year before Christ.
A.A.Q.M.G. Acting Assistant Quartermaster-general.
A.A.S., _Americanæ Antiquarianæ Societatis Socius_, Fellow of the American
Academy.
A.B. Able-bodied seaman.
A.B., _Artium Baccalaureus_=Bachelor of Arts.
ABB. Abbess; Abbot; Abbey.
ABBR. or ABBREV. Abbreviated, or Abbreviation.
ABD. Abdicated.
A.B.F.M. American Board of Foreign Missions.
AB INIT., _ab initio_=From the beginning.
ABL. Ablative.
ABP. Archbishop.
ABR. Abridged; Abridgment.
A.B.S. American Bible Society.
ABS., ABSOL. Absolutely.
ABS., ABSTR. Abstract.
ABS RE., _absente reo_, the defendant being absent.
A.C., _ante Christum_=Before Christ.
ACC. Accusative.
ACC., ACCT. Account (also A/C); Accountant.
A.C.P. Associate of the College of Preceptors.
A.D., _anno Domini_=In the year of our Lord.
A.D. After date; _ante diem_, before the day.
AD. Advertisement.
A.D.C. Aide-de-camp.
AD FIN., _ad finem_=At or to the end.
AD H.L., _ad hunc locum_=At this place.
AD INF., _ad infinitum_=To infinity.
AD INIT., _ad initium_=At or to the beginning.
AD INT., _ad interim_=In the meantime.
ADJ. Adjective.
ADJT. Adjutant;--ADJT.-GEN., Adjutant-general.
AD LIB., _ad libitum_=At pleasure.
AD LOC., _ad locum_=At the place.
ADM. Admiral.
ADOLPH. Adolphus.
ADV. Advent; Advocate.
ADV. Adverb; _adversus_=Against.
AD VAL., _ad valorem_=According to value.
ADVT. Advertisement.
Æ., ÆT., _ætatis_=Aged (so many years).
A.F.A. Associate of the Faculty of Actuaries.
A.F.B.S. American and Foreign Bible Society.
AFF. Affectionate; Affirmative.
A.G. Adjutant-general.
AG., _argentum_=Silver.
AGR., AGRIC. Agriculture.
AGT. Agent.
A.H., _anno Hegiræ_=In the year of Hegira--i.e. from the flight of Mohammed
(622 A.D., 13th Sept.).
A.H.L., _ad hunc locum_=At this place.
A.H.V., _ad hunc vocem_=At this word.
A.H.S., _Anno humanæ salutis_=In the year of human salvation.
A.I.A. Associate of the Institute of Actuaries.
A.I.C.E. Associate of the Institute of Civil Engineers.
A.K.C. Associate of King's College, London.
AL., ALA. Alabama.
ALBAN. Of St Albans.
ALD. Alderman.
ALEX. Alexander.
ALF. Alfred.
ALG. Algebra.
ALGY. Algernon.
ALT. Alternate; Altitude; Alto.
A.M., _Artium Magister_=Master of Arts; _Ante meridiem_=Before noon; _Anno
mundi_=In the year of the world; _Annus mirabilis_=The wonderful year
(1666); _Ave Maria_=Hail Mary.
AM., AMER. America or American.
A.M.A. American Missionary Association.
AMT. Amount.
AN., _anno_=In the year; anonymous; answer; _ante_=before.
ANAL. Analysis; Analogy.
ANAT. Anatomy or Anatomical.
ANC. Ancient, Anciently.
AND. Andrew.
ANG., _Anglicé_=In English.
ANG.-SAX. Anglo-Saxon.
ANON. Anonymous.
ANS. Answer.
ANT., ANTIQ. Antiquities.
A.O.F. Ancient Order of Foresters.
AOR. Aorist.
AP., APL., APR. April.
A.P.D. Army Pay Department.
APO. Apogee.
APOC. Apocalypse; Apocrypha, Apocryphal.
APP. Appendix; Apprentice.
A.P.R.C., _Anno post Romam conditam_=In the year after the building of Rome
(753 B.C.).
AQ., _aqua_=Water.
A.R., _anno regni_=In the year of the reign.
AR., ARAB. Arabic.
AR., ARR. Arrive or Arrives, Arrival.
A.R.A. Associate of the Royal Academy.
ARBOR. Arboriculture.
ARCH. Archibald.
ARCH. Archaic.
ARCHÆOL. Archæology.
ARCH., ARCHIT. Architecture.
ARCHD. Archdeacon; Archibald.
ARG., _argentum_=Silver.
A.R.H.A. Associate of the Royal Hibernian Academy.
ARITH. Arithmetic or Arithmetical.
ARK. Arkansas.
ARM. Armenian; Armoric.
A.R.R., _anno regni regis_ or _reginæ_= In the year of the king's or
queen's reign.
A.R.S.A. Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy; Associate of the Royal
Society of Arts.
A.R.S.L. Associate of the Royal Society of Literature.
A.R.S.M. Associate of the Royal School of Mines.
A.R.S.S., _Antiquariorum Regiæ Societatis Socius_=Fellow of the Royal
Society of Antiquaries.
ART. Article; Artillery.
A.S. Anglo-Saxon; _Anno salutis_=In the year of salvation; Assistant
Secretary.
ASAPH. Of St Asaph.
A.S.E. Amalgamated Society of Engineers.
ASS., ASSOC. Association.
ASST. Assistant.
ASTR., ASTRON. Astronomer; Astronomy.
ASTROL. Astrology.
ATS. At suit of.
ATT., ATTY. Attorney.
ATT.-GEN. Attorney-general.
AT. WT. Atomic weight.
AU (L. _aurum_), gold.
A.U.C., _anno urbis conditæ_, or _ab urbe conditâ_=In the year from the
building of the city--Rome (753 B.C.).
AUG. August.
AUG. Augmentative.
AUTH. VER. Authorised Version.
A.V. Authorised Version; Artillery Volunteers; _Annos vixit_=Lived [so
many] years.
AV. Avenue; Average.
AVE. Avenue.
AVOIR., AVDP. Avoirdupois.
AX. Axiom.
B. born.
B., BK. Book.
B., BRIT. British.
B.A., _Baccalaureus Artium_=Bachelor of Arts; British America; British
Association.
BACH. Bachelor.
B. & F.B.S. British and Foreign Bible Society.
BAL. Balance.
BAP., BAPT. Baptist.
BAP., BAPT. Baptised.
BAR. Barometer; Barrel.
BAR. Barrister.
BART., BT. Baronet.
BAT., BATT. Battalion; Battery.
B.B.C. Baseball Club.
BBL. Barrel.
B.C. Before Christ; Board of Control; British Columbia.
B.C.L. Bachelor of Civil Law.
B.D. Bachelor of Divinity.
BD. Bound.
BDS. Boards.
B.E. Bill of exchange.
BEDS. Bedfordshire.
BEF. Before.
BELG. Belgian, Belgic.
BEN., BENJ. Benjamin.
BERKS. Berkshire.
B. ÈS L., _Bachelier ès Lettres_ (Fr.)=Bachelor of Letters.
BET. Between.
BIB. Bible.
BIBL. Bibliotheca.
BIBLIOG. Bibliographer, Bibliography.
BIOG. Biographer, Biography.
BIOL. Biology, Biological.
BIS. Bissextile.
BK. Book; Bank; Bark.
BKG. Banking.
BKT. Basket.
B.L. Bachelor of Laws.
BL. Barrel; Bale.
B.L. Bill of lading.
BLDG. Building.
B.M. Bachelor of Medicine; _Beatæ Memoriæ_=Of blessed memory; British
Museum.
B.MUS. Bachelor of Music.
BN. Baron.
BN. Battalion.
B.O. Branch Office; Buyer's Option.
B.O.A. British Optical Association.
B.O.A.F.G. British Order of Ancient Free Gardeners.
BOH. Bohemia, Bohemian.
BOL. Bolivia.
BOMB.C.S. Bombay Civil Service.
BOMB.S.C. Bombay Staff Corps.
BOR. Borough.
BOT. Botany, Botanical.
BOUL. Boulevard.
BP. Bishop.
B.P. Bill of parcels; Bills payable; Birthplace (also BPL.); _Bonum
publicum_=The public good.
B.P. British Pharmacopoea.
B.Q., _Bene quiescat_--May he (or she) rest well.
BQUE. Barque.
BR. or BRO. Brother.
BR. Brig.
BR. AM. British America.
BRAZ. Brazil; Brazilian.
B.REC. Bills receivable.
BRET. Breton.
BREV. Brevet, Brevetted.
BRIG. Brigade, Brigadier;--BRIG.-GEN., Brigadier-general.
BRIT. Britain; Britannia; British; Briton.
BRO. Brother;--BROS., Brothers.
B.S. Bill of sale.
B.S.C. Bengal Staff Corps.
B.SC. See SC.B.
B.S.L. Botanical Society of London.
BT. Baronet.
BU., BUS. Bushel, Bushels.
BUCKS. Buckinghamshire.
BULG. Bulgaria; Bulgarian.
BURL. Burlesque.
BUSH. Bushel.
B.V., _Beata Virgo_=Blessed Virgin; also _Bene vale_=Farewell.
B.V.M. The Blessed Virgin Mary.
B.W.T.A. British Women's Temperance Association.
B. & S. Brandy and soda-water.
C. Centigrade; Catholic; Consul; Court; Congress; Church; Chancellor;
Conservative.
C., CAP., _caput_=Chapter.