YE, y[=e], _pron._ the nom. pl. of the 2d person--in old English _ye_ was
always used as a nominative, and _you_ as a dative or accusative, as in the
English Bible. [M. E. _ye_, _[gh]e_, nom.; _your_, _[gh]our_, gen.; _you_,
_[gh]ou_, _yow_, dat. and accus. pl. A.S. _ge_, nom. ye; _eówer_, gen. of
you; _eów_, to you, you, dat. and accus.]
YEA, y[=a], _adv._ yes: verily.--_adj._ (_B._) true.--_n._ an affirmative
vote. [A.S. _geá_; Dut. and Ger. _ja_, Ice. _já_. Cf. _Yes_.]
YEAD, YEDE, y[=e]d, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to go: to march:--_pr.p._ yead'ing;
_pa.p._ y[=o]de. [A.S. _eode_, went, pa.t. of _gán_, to go.]
YEAN, y[=e]n, _v.t._ to bring forth young.--_n._ YEAN'LING (_Shak._), the
young of a sheep: a lamb. [A.S. _éanian_, to bring forth--_eacen_,
pregnant.]
YEAR, y[=e]r, _n._ a period of time determined by the revolution of the
earth in its orbit, and embracing the four seasons, popularly a period
beginning with 1st January and ending with 31st December, consisting of 365
days (excepting every fourth year, called 'bissextile' or 'leap-year,' in
which one day is added to February, making the number 366)--the CALENDAR,
CIVIL, or LEGAL YEAR: a space of twelve calendar months: (_pl._) period of
life, esp. age or old age.--_ns._ YEAR'-BOOK, a book published annually,
containing reports of judicial cases, or of discoveries, events, &c.;
YEAR'LING, an animal a year old.--_adj._ a year old.--_adjs._ YEAR'LONG,
lasting a year; YEAR'LY, happening every year: lasting a year.--_adv._ once
a year: from year to year.--YEAR OF GRACE, or OF OUR LORD, date of the
Christian era.--ANOMALISTIC YEAR (see ANOMALY); ASTRONOMICAL YEAR, the
interval between one vernal equinox and the next, or one complete mean
apparent circuit of the ecliptic by the sun, or mean motion through 360° of
longitude--365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 49.7 seconds--called also the
EQUINOCTIAL, SOLAR, or TROPICAL YEAR; CANICULAR YEAR--the ancient
Egyptian--counted from one heliacal rising of Sirius to the next--(the
_Canicular Cycle_ was the cycle of 1461 years of 365 days each, or 1460
Julian years, also called the _Sothiac period_); ECCLESIASTICAL YEAR, the
year as arranged in the ecclesiastical calendar, with saints' days,
festivals, &c.; EMBOLISMIC YEAR, a year of thirteen lunar months or 384
days, occurring in a lunisolar calendar like that of the Jews; HEBREW YEAR,
a lunisolar year, of 12 or 13 months of 29 or 30 days--in every cycle of
nineteen years the 3d, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th, and 19th having thirteen
months instead of twelve; JULIAN YEAR, a period of 365¼ days, thus causing
an annual error of about 11 minutes--corrected by dropping 10 days in 1582
under Pope Gregory XIII.--not adopted in England till 3d September 1752,
which became September 14 (see STYLE); LEGAL YEAR, the year by which dates
were reckoned, which till 1752 began in England on 25th March, that date
being originally chosen by Dionysius Exiguus as being the
Annunciation--exactly nine months before Christmas. In Scotland the year
began on 1st January since 1600.--The most common New Year's Days were
these four--(a) 25th December; (b) 25th March; (c) Easter; (d) 1st January.
Thus England used both the first and second from the 6th century to 1066;
the fourth till 1155; then the second till the day after 31st December
1751, which was called 1st January 1752. Scotland used the second till
1599, when the day after 31st December 1599 was called 1st January 1600.
France under Charlemagne used the first, and afterwards also the third and
second till 1563; LUNAR YEAR, a period of twelve lunar months or 354 days,
PLATONIC YEAR, a cycle of years at the end of which the heavenly bodies are
in the same place as at the Creation--also GREAT, or PERFECT, YEAR;
SABBATIC, -AL, YEAR (see SABBATH); SIDEREAL YEAR, the period required by
the sun to move from a given star to the same star again--affected by
Nutation only, one of the most invariable quantities which nature affords
us, having a mean value of 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, 9.6 seconds.--IN
YEARS, advanced in age. [A.S. _geár_, _gér_; Ger. _jahr_, Ice. _ár_, Gr.
_h[=o]ra_, season.]
YEARN, y[.e]rn, _v.i._ to feel earnest desire: to feel uneasiness, as from
longing or pity.--_n._ YEARN'ING, earnest desire, tenderness, or
pity.--_adj._ longing.--_adv._ YEARN'INGLY. [A.S. _giernan_, _giernian_, to
desire--_georn_, desirous, eager; cf. Ger. _begehren_. to long for.]
YEARN, y[.e]rn, _v.i._ and _v.t._ (_Shak._) to grieve. [M. E. _ermen_--A.S.
_yrman_, to vex--_earm_, poor.]
YEARN, y[.e]rn, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to earn.
YEARN, y[.e]rn, _v.i._ to curdle, as milk--also Earn.--_n._ YEARN'ING,
rennet.
YEAST, y[=e]st, _n._ the froth of malt liquors in fermentation: the
vegetable growth to which fermentation is due, of value in brewing, baking,
&c.: (_Shak._) spume or foam of water.--_v.i._ to ferment.--_ns._
YEAST'INESS, the state of being yeasty or frothy; YEAST'-PLANT, a small
plant causing alcoholic fermentation in saccharine liquids; YEAST'-POW'DER,
a baking powder.--_adj._ YEAST'Y, like yeast: frothy, foamy: unsubstantial.
[A.S. _gist_, _gyst_; Ger. _gäscht_, _gischt_.]
YELD, yeld, _adj._ (_Scot._) barren, not giving milk. [A variant of
_geld_.]
YELDRING, yel'dring, _n._ the same as YOWLEY.--Also YEL'DROCK.
YELK. Same as YOLK.
YELL, yel, _v.i._ to howl or cry out with a sharp noise: to scream from
pain or terror.--_v.t._ to utter with a yell.--_n._ a sharp outcry.--_n._
YELL'ING.--_v.i._ YELL'OCH (_Scot._), to yell.--_n._ a yell. [A.S.
_gellan_, _gyllan_; Ger. _gellen_; conn. with A.S. _galan_, to sing.]
YELLOW, yel'[=o], _adj._ of a bright gold colour.--_n._ a bright golden
colour: (_pl._) the peach-yellows (see PEACH): (_Shak._) jaundice in
horses.--_v.t._ to make yellow.--_v.i._ to become yellow.--_adjs._
YELL'OW-BACKED, -BELL'IED, -BILLED, -BREAST'ED, -COV'ERED, -CROWNED, -EYED,
-FOOT'ED, -FRONT'ED, -HEAD'ED, -HORNED, -LEGGED, -NECKED, -POLLED, -RINGED,
-RUMPED, -SHOUL'DERED, -SPOT'TED, &c.--_ns._ YELL'OW-BIRD, one of various
birds of a yellow colour--the golden oriole, summer-warbler, &c.;
YELL'OW-BOY, a gold coin: a mulatto or dark quadroon:--_fem._ YELL'OW-GIRL;
YELL'OW-BUNT'ING, the yellow-hammer; YELL'OW-EARTH, a yellow ochre
sometimes used as a pigment; YELL'OW-F[=E]'VER, a pestilential contagious
fever of a continuous and special type, presenting at least two
well-defined stages, the first occupying 36 to 150 hours, marked by a rapid
circulation and high temperature; the second being characterised by general
depression and black vomit--also known as _Yellow Jack_, _Bronze John_, _El
Vomito_, and _Vomito Prieto_ or _Vomito Amarilli_; YELL'OW-FLAG, a flag of
a yellow colour, displayed by a vessel in quarantine or over a military
hospital or ambulance; YELL'OW-GUM, the melæna or black jaundice of
infants; YELL'OW-HAMM'ER, -AMM'ER, a song-bird, so named from its yellow
colour: the common yellow-bunting.--_adj._ YELL'OWISH, somewhat
yellow.--_ns._ YELL'OWISHNESS; YELL'OW-MET'AL, a brass consisting of sixty
parts copper and forty parts zinc; YELL'OWNESS; YELL'OW-ROOT, an American
herb whose root-stock yields berberine--also _Orange-root_, _Goldenseal_;
YELL'OW-SOAP, common soap composed of tallow, resin, and soda;
YELL'OW-WASH, a lotion consisting of a mixture of mercuric chloride and
lime-water; YELL'OW-WEED, weld; YELL'OW-WOOD, a name given to Fustic and
many other trees--e.g. satin-wood, and various kinds of podocarpus, rhus,
xanthoxylum, &c.; YELL'OW-WORT, an annual of the gentian family--also
YELL'OW-CEN'TAURY.--_adj._ YELL'OWY, yellowish.--_ns._ YELL'OW-YOL'DRING,
-YOR'LING, or -YOW'LEY, the European yellow-hammer.--YELLOW BERRIES,
Persian berries. [A.S. _geolo_; Ger. _gelb_; cog. with L. _heluus_, light
bay.]
YELP, yelp, _v.i._ to utter a sharp bark.--_n._ a sharp, quick cry or
bark.--_n._ YELP'ER. [A.S. _gilpan_, to boast, exult; Ice. _giálpa_, to
yelp.]
YEN, yen, _n._ a Japanese gold or silver coin, used as the monetary unit
since 1871, and now equivalent to about 2s. 0½d. of our money.
[Jap.,--Chin. _yuen_, round, a dollar.]
YEOMAN, y[=o]'man, _n._ in early English history, a common menial
attendant, but after the fifteenth century, one of a class of small
freeholders, forming the next grade below gentlemen: a man of small estate,
any small farmer or countryman above the grade of labourer: an officer of
the royal household: a member of the yeomanry cavalry: (_Shak._) a
journeyman, assistant: a gentleman in a royal or noble household, ranking
between a sergeant and a groom.--_adj._ YEO'MANLY, of yeoman's rank: humble
and honest.--_adv._ staunchly, bravely.--_n._ YEO'MANRY, the collective
body of yeomen or smaller freeholders: a cavalry volunteer force in Great
Britain, formed during the wars of the French Revolution, its organisation
by counties, under the lords-lieutenant, raised and drilled locally, the
men providing their own horses and uniform.--YEOMEN OF THE GUARD, a veteran
company of picked soldiers, employed in conjunction with the
gentlemen-at-arms on grand occasions as the sovereign's
bodyguard--constituted a corps in 1485 by Henry VII., and still wearing the
costume of that period; YEOMAN'S SERVICE, powerful aid, such as came from
the yeomen in the English armies of early times. [M. E. _yoman_, _yemen_,
doubtless from an A.S. _gáman_, not found, but seen in Old Frisian
_g[=a]man_, villager--_g[=a]_, a village (Ger. _gau_, district), _man_,
man.]