TURMERIC, tur'm[.e]r-ik, _n._ the rhizome or root-stock of _Curcuma longa_,
a handsome herbaceous plant cultivated all over India, its yellowish tubers
yielding a deep-yellow powder used as a chemical test for the presence of
alkalies. [Cf. Fr. _terre-mérite_--as if from L. _terra_, earth, and
_merita_, deserved; both prob. corr. from an Oriental name.]
TURMOIL, tur'moil, _n._ harassing labour: disturbance.--_v.t._ to harass
with commotion: to weary.--_v.i._ to be disquieted or in commotion. [Perh.
L. _trem[)e]re_, to shake.]
TURN, turn, _v.i._ to whirl round: to hinge: to depend: to issue: to take a
different direction or tendency: to become by a change, hence to rebel: to
return: to be fickle: to result: to be shaped on the lathe: to sour: to
become giddy: to be nauseated: to change from ebb to flow or from flow to
ebb: to become inclined in the other direction.--_v.t._ to cause to
revolve: to reverse: to pass round: to direct, apply: to send, drive: to
fold, remake: to translate: to make sour: to change the position or the
direction of: to nauseate, to make giddy: to direct the mind to: to
infatuate or make mad: to cause to return with profit: to transfer: to
convert: to form in a lathe: to shape: to round: to adapt: to blunt.--_n._
act of turning: new direction or tendency, disposition: a walk to and fro:
chance: a turning-point, crisis: (_mus._) a melodic embellishment,
consisting of a principal tone with two auxiliary tones lying respectively
next above and below it: a spell of work, a job: (_coll._) a nervous shock:
change: a winding: a bend: form: manner: opportunity, convenience: act of
kindness or malice: a type turned upside down, owing to a temporary want of
the proper letter.--_ns._ TURN'ABOUT, a merry-go-round; TURN'BACK, the
strap from the hames to the hip-strap; TURN'BUCKLE, a form of coupling so
arranged as to regulate the length or tension of the connected parts;
TURN'-CAP, a chimney-cowl rotating on a vertical axis; TURN'COAT, one who
turns his coat--that is, abandons his principles or party; TURN'COCK, one
who turns on the water for the mains, regulates the fire-plugs, &c., of a
water company.--_adj._ TURN'-DOWN, folded down.--_ns._ TURN'ER, one who, or
that which, turns: a tumbler, gymnast, esp. a member of the German
_Turnvereine_ or gymnastic bodies, instituted by F. L. Jahn in 1811;
TURN'ERY, art of turning or of shaping by a lathe: things made by a turner,
also the place where these are made: ornamentation by means of the lathe;
TURN'ING, a winding: deviation from the proper course: turnery, the art of
shaping wood, metal, ivory, or other hard substances into forms having a
curved (generally circular or oval) transverse section, and also of
engraving figures composed of curved lines upon a smooth surface, by means
of a turning-lathe: (_mil._) a manoeuvre for turning an enemy's position:
in pottery, the shaping of a vase: (_pl._) chips; TURN'ING-LATHE, a lathe
used by turners; TURN'ING-POINT, the point on which a question turns, and
which decides the case: a grave and critical period; TURN'ING-REST, a
support on a lathe serving as a fulcrum for a hand turning-tool;
TURN'ING-SAW, a thin-bladed saw contrived for cutting curved wood for
chair-backs, &c.--also _Sweep-saw_, _Frame-saw_, _Scroll-saw_;
TURN'ING-STEEL, a piece of hard bar-steel for turning the edge of a tool,
&c.; TURN'ING-TOOL, a tool for shaping the cutting edges of the tools used
in seal-engraving; TURN'KEY, one who turns the keys in a prison: a warder;
TURN'-OUT, the act of coming forth: a strike: a striker: a crowd of
spectators: a carriage and its horses: quantity of produce yielded.--_adj._
TURN'OVER, made to be turned over or reversed.--_n._ act of turning over,
upset, overthrow: a small pie made by turning half of the circular crust
over the other which has been covered with fruit, &c.: an apprentice turned
over to a new master to complete his apprenticeship: the total amount of
the sales in a business for a specified time.--_ns._ TURN'PIKE, a gate set
across a road to stop those liable to toll: a turnpike-road--originally a
frame consisting of two cross-bars armed with pikes, and turning on a post;
TURN'PIKE-MAN, a man who collects tolls at a tollgate; TURN'PIKE-ROAD, a
road on which turnpikes or tollgates are established; TURN'-SCREW, a
screw-driver; TURN'SKIN, a werewolf; TURN'SPIT, one who turns a spit: a
person engaged in some menial occupation: a long-bodied, short-legged dog
employed to drive a wheel by which roasting-spits were turned--closely
allied to the _Dachshund_ (q.v.); TURN'STILE, a revolving frame in a
footpath which prevents the passage of cattle, but allows the passage of
one person at a time; TURN'STILE-REG'ISTER, a device for recording the
number of persons passing through a turnstile; TURN'STONE, a small
grallatorial bird, intermediate between the true plovers and sandpipers, so
called from its habit of turning over pebbles on the beach in search of
food; TURN'-TA'BLE (same as TRAVERSE-TABLE); TURN'-UP, a disturbance:
something that appears unexpectedly.--TURN ABOUT, to move the face or front
to another quarter; TURN ABOUT, TURN AND TURN ABOUT, alternately; TURN A,
or THE, CORNER (see CORNER); TURN A DEAF EAR TO, to ignore; TURN ADRIFT, to
unmoor and let float away: to cast off; TURN AGAIN, to return: to make a
stand; TURN AGAINST, to use to the injury of: to render hostile: to rebel
against; TURN AN ENEMY'S FLANK, LINE, or POSITION, to manoeuvre so as to
attack an enemy in the rear: to outwit; TURN A PENNY (see PENNY); TURN
AROUND ONE'S FINGER, to make any one subservient to one's will; TURN ASIDE,
to avert; to deviate: to avert the face; TURN AWAY, to dismiss from
service, to discharge: to avert, to look in another direction: to deviate,
to depart from; TURN BACK, to cause to retreat: to return; TURN DOWN, to
double or fold down: to hide the face of: to lessen or lower; TURN FORTH,
to expel; TURN IN, to bend inward: to enter: (_coll._) to go to bed; TURN
INTO, to become by a process of change; TURN OFF, to deviate: to dismiss:
to divert: to complete, achieve by labour: to shut off: (_slang_) to hang;
TURN ON, to set running (as water): to depend on: to confront in fight;
TURN ONE'S HAND TO, to apply one's self; TURN ONE'S HEAD, or BRAIN, to make
one giddy: to fill with pride or conceit; TURN OUT, to drive out, to expel:
to put to pasture (as cattle): to make for market or for use: to project:
to prove in the result: to muster: to leave one's work to take part in a
strike: (_coll._) to get out of bed; TURN OVER, to roll over: to change
sides: to sell goods to the amount of: to examine by turning the leaves;
TURN ROUND, to reverse one's position or party; TURN THE BACK, to flee, to
retreat; TURN THE BACK UPON, to quit with contempt, to forsake; TURN THE
EDGE OF, to blunt; TURN THE SCALE, to decide, determine; TURN THE STOMACH,
to nauseate; TURN TO, to have recourse to: to point to: to result in; TURN
TURTLE (see TURTLE); TURN UP, to point upwards: to appear, happen: place
with face up: to bring the point uppermost: to refer to in a book; TURN
UPON, to cast back upon, retort; TURN UPSIDE DOWN, to throw into complete
confusion.--BE TURNED OF, to have advanced beyond--of age; BY TURNS, one
after another: at intervals; ILL TURN, an injurious act: a change for the
worse; IN TURN, in order of succession; NOT TO TURN A HAIR, to be quite
undisturbed or unaffected; ON THE TURN, at the turning-point, changing;
SERVE A TURN, to answer the purpose; TAKE ONE'S TURN, to occupy one's
allotted place; TAKE TURNS, to take each the other's place alternately; TO
A TURN, exactly, perfectly. [A.S. _tyrnan_; Ger. _turnen_; Fr. _tourner_;
all from L. _torn[=a]re_, to turn in a lathe--_tornus_, a turner's
wheel--Gr. _tornos_.]
TURNAGRA, tur'n[=a]-gra, _n._ a New Zealand genus of thrush-like birds.
TURNER, tur'n[.e]r, _n._ a Scotch copper coin worth 2d., issued by James
VI. [Prob. _turney_.]
TURNEY, tur'ni, _n._ a copper coin current in Ireland under Edward
III.--coined at _Tours_.
TURNEY, tur'ni, _n._ (_Milt._)=_Tourney_.
TURNIP, tur'nip, _n._ a biennial plant, with lyrate hispid leaves, the
upper part of the root becoming, esp. in cultivation, swollen and
fleshy--cultivated as a culinary esculent, and for feeding cattle and
sheep.--_n._ TUR'NIP-FLY, a muscid fly whose maggots burrow in
turnip-roots. [Perh. orig. _turn-nep_--_turn_, implying something round,
and _nep_--A.S. _n['æ]p_, a turnip.]
TURNSOLE, turn's[=o]l, _n._ a name sometimes given to the Heliotrope and
other plants, esp. to the euphorbiaceous _Chrozophora tinctoria_, from
which a deep-purple dye is obtained. [Fr.,--_tourner_--_sol_, for
_soleil_--L. _sol_, the sun.]
TURNUS, tur'nus, _n._ the tiger-swallowtail, a black-striped United States
butterfly.
TURPENTINE, tur'pen-t[=i]n, _n._ a semi-solid resinous substance secreted
by various coniferous trees (the name turpentine is commonly understood to
mean the product of the Scotch pine, the swamp pine of America, and the
_Pinus maritima_ of France; _Venice turpentine_ is obtained from the larch,
and _Chian turpentine_ from the 'Turpentine-tree'--see PISTACHIO): the oil
or spirit of turpentine.--_ns._ TUR'PENTINE-MOTH, a moth whose larvæ bore
into the twigs of pine and fir, causing exudation of resin and destroying
the twig; TUR'PENTINE-TREE, the terebinth-tree--_Pistachia
terebinthus_.--_adj._ TUR'PENTIN'IC.--_n._ TURPS, oil or spirits of
turpentine. [O. Fr. _turbentine_--L. _terebinthina_ (_resina_), (the resin)
of the terebinth--Gr. _terebinthos_.]
TURPETH, tur'peth, _n._ the root of _Ipomoea_ (_Convolvulus_) _Turpethum_,
a Ceylon plant of cathartic properties.--TURPETH MINERAL, an old name for
the yellow basic mercury sulphate.
TURPITUDE, tur'pi-t[=u]d, _n._ baseness: extreme depravity or wickedness:
vileness of principles and actions. [L. _turpitudo_--_turpis_, base.]
TURQUET, turk'et, _n._ (_Bacon_) a figure of a Turk.
TURQUOISE, tur-koiz', or tur-k[=e]z', _n._ an opaque greenish-blue mineral
from Persia, valued as a gem, essentially a phosphate of alumina, harder
than feldspar but softer than quartz, occurring as thin veins in slate
rock.--_n._ TURQUOISE'-GREEN, a pale colour between green and blue--also
_adj._ [O. Fr.; because first brought through _Turkey_ from Persia.]
TURRET, tur'et, _n._ a small tower on a building and rising above it: a
movable building containing soldiers, engines, &c., used in medieval
sieges: a tower, often revolving, for offensive purposes, on land and
water: the raised portion above an American railroad car, for ventilation,
&c.--_adj._ TURR'ETED, furnished with turrets: formed like a tower.--_ns._
TURR'ET-GUN, a gun designed for use in a revolving turret; TURR'ET-SHIP, an
ironclad ship-of-war, whose guns are placed in one or more revolving
turrets placed on deck.--_adjs._ TURRIC'ULATE, -D, having small turrets.
[O. Fr. _touret_ (Fr. _tourelle_).]
TURRIBANT, tur'i-bant, _n._ (_Spens._) a turban.
TURTLE, tur'tl, TURTLE-DOVE, tur'tl-duv, _n._ a genus of _Columbidæ_, of
graceful build, with small head and slender bill, long wings, and long
rounded tail, flying swiftly and noiselessly, noted for their beauty of
form and colour, their soft cooing, and their affection towards each other
and their young. [A.S. _turtle_; Ger. _turtel_, Fr. _tourtereau_,
_tourterelle_; all from the L. name _turtur_.]
TURTLE, tur'tl, _n._ any tortoise, but esp. the edible Green Turtle, prized
for the soup made from its flesh, chief glory of aldermanic
banquets--_Calipash_ is the part of the animal that belongs to the upper
shield, a fatty, gelatinous substance of a dull-greenish colour; _Calipee_,
the yellowish meat of the lower shield.--_v.t._ to pursue turtles.--_ns._
TUR'TLEBACK, a turtle-shaped projection on the bows or stern of a ship for
the purpose of keeping off heavy seas; TUR'TLER, a hunter of turtles;
TUR'TLE-SHELL, tortoise-shell: a turtle-cowry; TUR'TLE-SOUP, a soup the
chief ingredient of which is turtle meat; TURT'LING, the catching of
turtles.--GREEN TURTLE, a species of turtle which attains great size and is
the source of real turtle-soup--its eggs also are much prized; MOCK TURTLE,
a soup made of calf's head in lieu of turtle meat; TURN TURTLE, to capsize,
as a boat. [A corr. of _tortoise_, or of Sp. _tortuga_, or Port.
_tartaruga_, a tortoise.]
TUSCAN, tus'kan, _adj._ of or belonging to _Tuscany_ in Italy: denoting the
simplest of the five classic orders of architecture, being a Roman
modification of the Doric style, with unfluted columns, and without
triglyphs. [L. _Tuscanus_.]
TUSH, tush, _n._ (_Shak._) a tusk.
TUSH, tush, _interj._ pshaw! be silent! an exclamation of impatience,
&c.--_v.i._ to express contempt, &c.
TUSK, tusk, _n._ a long, protruding tooth on either side of the mouth of
certain animals: a sharp point: the share of a plough.--_v.t._ to gore with
the tusks.--_adjs._ TUSKED, TUSK'Y.--_n._ TUSK'ER, an elephant whose tusks
are grown. [A.S. _tusc_, _tux_; Ice. _toskr_.]
TUSKAR, tus'kar, _n._ an iron implement with wooden shaft, for cutting
peat. [Ice. _torfskeri_--_torf_, turf, _skera_, to cut.]
TUSSER-SILK, tus'[.e]r-silk, _n._ a kind of dark fawn-coloured silk,
generally made without brocading or patterns. [Hind. _tassar_--Sans.
_tassara_, shuttle.]
TUSSILAGO, tus-i-l[=a]'g[=o], _n._ a genus of plants of the natural order
_Compositæ_, suborder _Corymbiferæ_--the only British species, _Tussilago
farfara_, sometimes called Colt's-foot. [L.]