SOBOLES, sob'[=o]-l[=e]z, _n._ (_bot._) a shoot or sucker.--_adj._
SOBOLIF'EROUS. [L. _suboles_--_sub_, under, _ol[=e]re_, to grow.]
SOBRANJE, s[=o]-brän'ye, _n._ the national assembly of Bulgaria.--Also
SOBRAN'YE. [Bulg.]
SOBRIQUET, s[=o]-br[=e]-k[=a]', _n._ a contemptuous nickname: an assumed
name.--Also SOUBRIQUET'. [Fr.,--O. Fr. _soubzbriquet_, a chuck under the
chin, _soubz_, _sous_--L. _sub_, under, _briquet_, breast; cf. _Brisket_.]
SOCAGE, SOCCAGE, sok'[=a]j, _n._ the tenure of lands by service fixed and
determinate in quality.--_ns._ SOC'AGER, SOC'MAN, a tenant by socage;
SOC'MANRY, tenure by socage. [A.S. _sóc_, a right of holding a
court--_sóc_, _pa.t._ of _sacan_, to contend.]
SO-CALLED, s[=o]'-kawld, _adj._ See under SO.
SOCIABLE, s[=o]'sha-bl, _adj._ inclined to society: fit for company:
companionable: affording opportunities for intercourse.--_n._ a
four-wheeled open carriage with seats facing: a tricycle for two persons
side by side: a couch with a curved S-shaped back: (_U.S._) an informal
party, a social church meeting.--_ns._ S[=O]CIABIL'ITY, S[=O]'CIABLENESS,
quality of being sociable: good-fellowship.--_adv._ S[=O]'CIABLY.--_adj._
S[=O]'CIAL, pertaining to society or companionship: relating to men united
in a society: inclined for friendly intercourse: consisting in mutual
converse: convivial: associating together, gregarious: growing in
patches.--_v.t._ S[=O]'CIALISE, to reduce to a social state: to render
social.--_ns._ S[=O]'CIALISM, the name given to any one of various schemes
for regenerating society by a more equal distribution of property, and esp.
by substituting the principle of association for that of competition;
S[=O]'CIALIST, an adherent of socialism.--_adj._ SOCIALIST'IC.--_ns._
SOCIAL'ITY, S[=O]'CIALNESS.--_adv._ S[=O]'CIALLY.--_adjs._
S[=O]'CI[=A]TIVE, expressing association; SOCIET[=A]'RIAN, SOC[=I]'ETARY,
of or pertaining to society.--_ns._ SOC[=I]'ETY, fellowship, companionship:
a number of persons associated for a common interest: a community or
partnership: the civilised body of mankind, those who are recognised as the
leaders in fashionable life, the fashionable world generally: persons who
associate: any organised association for purposes literary, scientific,
philanthropic, or ecclesiastical; SOC[=I]'ETY-HOUSE, a printing office
which conforms to the rules of a trade-union; SOC[=I]'ETY-VERSE, poetry
light and entertaining, treating of the topics of society so
called.--SOCIAL SCIENCE, sociology, esp. the branch treating of the
existing institutions of men as members of society, the science which
treats of social relations; SOCIAL War, the war (90-88 b.c.) in which the
Italian tribes known as the allies (_Socii_) fought for admission into
Roman citizenship.--SOCIALISM OF THE CHAIR, a term first applied about 1872
in ridicule to the doctrines of a school of political economists in Germany
whose aim was mainly to better the condition of the working-classes through
remedial state-legislation, by factory-acts, savings-banks, insurances
against sickness and old age, shortening the hours of labour, sanitation,
&c.--also called PROFESSORIAL SOCIALISM, and having much the same ends and
methods as the STATE SOCIALISM of Bismarck.--CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM, a
movement for applying Christian ethics to social reform, led by Maurice,
Kingsley, and others about 1848-52.--THE SOCIETIES, bodies that began to be
organised in 1681 for the maintenance of Presbyterian worship in the face
of persecution--ultimately forming the Reformed Presbyterian Church.
[Fr.,--L. _sociabilis_--_soci[=a]re_, to associate--_socius_, a companion.]
SOCINIAN, s[=o]-sin'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Socinus_, the name of two
celebrated heresiarchs, uncle and nephew, who in the 16th century denied
the doctrine of the Trinity, the deity of Christ, &c.--_n._ a follower of
Lælius and Faustus Socinus, one who refuses to accept the divinity of
Christ, a Unitarian.--_n._ SOCIN'IANISM, the doctrines of SOCINUS.
SOCIOLOGY, s[=o]-shi-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science that treats of man as a
social being, in the origin, organisation, and development of human society
and human culture, esp. on the side of social and political institutions,
including ethics, political economy, &c.--_ns._ SOCIOG'ENY, the science of
the origin of society; SOCIOG'RAPHY, the branch of sociology devoted to
noting and describing the results of observation.--_adjs._ SOCIOLOG'IC,
-AL.--_adv._ SOCIOLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ SOCIOL'OGIST, one devoted to the study
of sociology; S[=O]'CIUS, an associate: a fellow of an academy, &c. [A
hybrid from L. _socius_, a companion, and Gr. _logia_--_legein_, to speak.]
SOCK, sok, _n._ a kind of half-stocking: comedy, originally a low-heeled
light shoe, worn by actors of comedy. [A.S. _socc_--L. _soccus_.]
SOCK, sok, _n._ a ploughshare. [O. Fr. _soc_--Celt., Bret. _souc'h_, Gael.
_soc_.]
SOCK, sok, _v.t._ (_prov._ and _slang_) to throw: to strike hard, to give a
drubbing.
SOCKDOLOGER, sok-dol'[=o]-j[.e]r, _n._ (_Amer. slang_) a conclusive
argument: a knock-down blow: anything very big, a whopper: a form of
fish-hook. [A corr. of _doxology_ as the closing act of a service.]
SOCKET, sok'et, _n._ a hollow into which something is inserted, the
receptacle of the eye, &c.: a hollow tool for grasping and lifting tools
dropped in a well-boring: the hollow of a candlestick: a steel apparatus
attached to the saddle to protect thighs and legs.--_v.t._ to provide with
or place in a socket.--_n._ SOCK'ET-BOLT, a bolt for passing through a
thimble placed between the parts connected by the bolt.--_p.adj._
SOCK'ETED, provided with, placed in, or received in a socket. [A dim. of
sock.]
SOCLE, s[=o]'kl, _n._ (_archit._) a plain, square, flat member used instead
of a pedestal to support a column, &c.: a plain face or plinth at the foot
of a wall. [Fr.--It. _zoccolo_--L. _socculus_, dim. of _soccus_, a
high-heeled shoe, as if a support.]
SOCRATIC, -AL, s[=o]-krat'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to _Socrates_, a
celebrated Greek philosopher (469-399 B.C.), to his philosophy, or to his
manner of teaching, which was an art of inducing his interlocutors to
discover their own ignorance and need of knowledge by means of a series of
simple questions.--_adv._ SOCRAT'ICALLY.--_ns._ SOC'RATISM, the philosophy
of SOCRATES; SOC'RATIST, a disciple of SOCRATES.
SOD, sod, _n._ any surface of earth grown with grass, &c.: turf.--_adj._
consisting of sod.--_v.t._ to cover with sod.--_adj._ SOD'DY, covered with
sod: turfy.--THE OLD SOD, one's native soil. [Low Ger. _sode_; Ger. _sode_;
perh. conn. with A.S. _seáth_, a well--seóthan (pa.p. _soden_), to boil.]
SOD, sod, obsolete _pa.t._ of _seethe_.
SODA, s[=o]'da, _n._ oxide of sodium, or its hydrate: the alkali obtained
from the ashes of marine vegetables, or by decomposing sea-salt: (_coll._)
soda-water.--_ns._ S[=O]'DA-ASH, sodium carbonate; S[=O]'DA-CRACK'ER, a
biscuit made of flour and water, with salt, bicarbonate of soda, and cream
of tartar; S[=O]'DA-FOUNT'AIN, a metal or marble case for holding water
charged with carbonic-acid gas.--_adj._ SOD[=A]'IC, pertaining to, or
containing, soda.--_ns._ S[=O]'DA-LIME, a mixture of caustic soda and
quicklime; S[=O]'DALITE, a mineral composed chiefly of soda, along with
silica, alumina, and hydrochloric acid; S[=O]'DA-P[=A]'PER, a paper
saturated with sodium carbonate; S[=O]'DA-SALT, a salt having soda for its
base; S[=O]'DA-WA'TER, water containing soda charged with carbonic acid;
S[=O]'DIUM, a yellowish-white metal, the base of soda. [It. _soda_--L.
_solida_, firm.]
SODALITY, s[=o]-dal'i-ti, _n._ a fellowship or fraternity. [L.
_sodalitas_--sodalis, a comrade.]
SODDEN, sod'n, _pa.p._ of _seethe_, boiled: soaked thoroughly: boggy:
doughy, not well baked: bloated, saturated with drink.--_n._
SOD'DENNESS.--_adj._ SOD'DEN-WIT'TED (_Shak._), heavy, stupid.
SODOMY, sod'om-i, _n._ unnatural sexuality, so called because imputed to
the inhabitants of _Sodom_.--_n._ SOD'OMITE, an inhabitant of SODOM: one
guilty of sodomy.--_adj._ SODOMIT'ICAL.--_adv._ SODOMIT'ICALLY.
SOEVER, s[=o]-ev'[.e]r, _adv._ generally used to extend or render
indefinite the sense of _who_, _what_, _where_, _how_, &c.
SOFA, s[=o]'fa, _n._ a long seat with stuffed bottom, back and
arms--formerly S[=O]'PHA.--_n._ S[=O]'FA-BED, a piece of furniture serving
as a sofa by day, capable of being made into a bed at night. [Fr.,--Ar.
_suffah_--_saffa_, to arrange.]
SOFFIT, sof'it, _n._ a ceiling, now generally restricted to the ornamented
under-sides of staircases, entablatures, archways, &c.; also the larmier or
drip. [Fr.,--It.,--L. _suffixa_, pa.p. of _suffig[)e]re_, to fasten
beneath--_sub_, under, _fig[)e]re_, to fix.]
SOFI, SOFISM. See SUFI, SUFISM.
SOFT, soft, _adj._ easily yielding to pressure: easily cut or acted upon:
malleable: not rough to the touch: smooth: pleasing or soothing to the
senses: easily yielding to any influence: mild: sympathetic: gentle:
effeminate: gentle in motion: easy: free from lime or salt, as water:
bituminous, as opposed to _anthracitic_, of coal: unsized, of paper: wet,
rainy: warm enough to melt ice, thawing: (_phon._) pronounced with a
somewhat sibilant sound, not guttural or explosive: vocal or sonant: not
bony, cartilaginous, not spinous: soft-rayed, soft-shelled: of silk, having
the natural gum cleaned or washed off--opp. to _Hard_.--_n._ a silly
person, a fool.--_adv._ gently: quietly.--_interj._ hold! not so
fast!--_adjs._ SOFT'-BOD'IED, having a soft body; SOFT'-CON'SCIENCED,
having a sensitive conscience.--_v.t._ SOFT'EN, to make soft or softer: to
mitigate: to tone down, make less glaring, make smoother in sound.--_v.i._
to grow soft or softer.--_ns._ SOFT'ENER; SOFT'ENING.--_adjs._ SOFT'-EYED,
having gentle or tender eyes; SOFT'-FINNED, having no fin-spines.--_n.pl._
SOFT'-GOODS, cloth, and cloth articles, as opposed to _hardware_,
&c.--_adjs._ SOFT'-HAND'ED, having soft hands, unused to work, slack in
discipline; SOFT'-HEAD'ED, of weak intellect; SOFT'-HEART'ED, kind-hearted:
gentle: meek.--_n._ SOFT-HEART'EDNESS.--_adj._ SOFT'ISH, rather
soft.--_adv._ SOFT'LY.--_n._ SOFT'NESS.--_v.t._ SOFT'-SAW'DER (_U.S._), to
flatter, blarney.--_n._ flattery.--_v.t._ SOFT'-SOAP, to flatter for some
end.--_n._ flattery.--_adj._ SOFT-SP[=O]'KEN, -VOICED, having a mild or
gentle voice: mild, affable.--_n._ SOFT'Y, a silly person, a weak fool.--A
soft thing, a snug place where the pay is good and the work light. [A.S.
_sófte_, _séfte_; Dut. _zacht_, Ger. _sanft_.]
SOFTA, sof'ta, _n._ a Moslem theological student, attached to a mosque.
[Turk.]
SOGER, s[=o]'j[.e]r, _n._ (_naut._) one who skulks his work.--_v.i._ to
shirk one's work.
SOGGY, sog'i, _adj._ soaked with water.--_n._ SOG, a bog.
SO-HO, s[=o]-h[=o]', _interj._ (_Shak._) a form of call from a distance, a
sportsman's halloo.