SHIRE, sh[=i]r, shir (in county-names), _n._ a county, one of the larger
divisions of England for political purposes--originally a division of the
kingdom under a sheriff, the deputy of the ealdorman: a term also surviving
as applied to certain smaller districts in England, as Richmondshire and
Hallamshire.--_ns._ SHIRE'MAN, a sheriff; SHIRE'-MOOT, SHIRE'-MOTE,
formerly in England a court of the county held periodically by the sheriff
together with the bishop or the ealdorman. [A.S. _scir_, _scire_, a county,
_sciran_, a secondary form of _sceran_, to cut off.]
SHIRK, sh[.e]rk, _v.t._ to avoid, get off or slink away from.--_n._
SHIR'KER.--_adj._ SHIR'KY. [A form of _shark_.]
SHIRL, sh[.e]rl, _v.i._ (_prov._) to slide.
SHIRR, SHIR, sh[.e]r, _n._ a puckering made in a fabric by parallel
gathering-threads.--_v.t._ to produce such.--_adj._ SHIRRED, having lines
or cords inserted between the threads, as in certain elastic
fabrics.--_ns._ SHIRR'ING, decorative-shirred needlework; SHIRR'ING-STRING,
a cord used to gather the threads together in shirred-work. [Ety. dub.]
SHIRT, sh[.e]rt, _n._ a short garment worn next the body by men: an
interior lining in a blast-furnace.--_v.t._ to cover as with a
shirt.--_ns._ SHIRT'-FRILL, a fine cambric frill worn in the early years of
the 19th century on the breast of the shirt; SHIRT'-FRONT, that part of the
shirt which is open and covers the breast, generally of finer material,
starched stiffly; SHIRT'ING, cloth for shirts: shirts collectively.--_adj._
SHIRT'LESS, without a shirt.--_ns._ SHIRT'-SLEEVE, the sleeve of a shirt;
SHIRT'-WAIST, a woman's overgarment or blouse, coming to the waist and
belted there.--BLOODY SHIRT, a blood-stained shirt, as the symbol of
murder; BOILED SHIRT, a white shirt clean washed; IN ONE'S SHIRT-SLEEVES,
without the coat. [Scand.; Ice. _skyrta_--_skortr_, shortness.]
SHIST, &c. See SCHIST, &c.
SHITEPOKE, sh[=i]t'p[=o]k, _n._ the North American small green heron.
SHITTAH, shit'a, _n._ a tree whose durable wood--SHITTIM WOOD--was used in
the construction of the Jewish Tabernacle and its furniture--prob. the
_Acacia seyal_. [Heb. _shittah_, pl. _shitt[=i]m_.]
SHIVAREE, shiv'a-r[=e], _v.t._ (_U.S._) to give a mock serenade to.--Also
_n._ [A corr. of _charivari_.]
SHIVE, sh[=i]v, _n._ (_Shak._) a slice, as of bread: a small bung for
closing a wide-mouthed bottle. [Scand., Ice. _skífa_, a slice; Dut.
_schijf_, Ger. _scheibe_.]
SHIVER, shiv'[.e]r, _n._ a splinter, or small piece into which a thing
breaks by sudden violence.--_v.t._ to shatter.--_v.i._ to fall into
shivers.--_n._ SHIV'ER-SPAR, a slaty calcite or calcium carbonate.--_adj._
SHIV'ERY, brittle.--SHIVER MY TIMBERS, a nautical imprecation. [Skeat
explains _shiver_ as a dim. of the foregoing _shive_, a thin slice, the
same as prov. Eng. _sheave_, a thin disc of wood, wheel of a pulley--Ice.
_skífa_, a slice; Dut. _schijf_, Ger. _scheibe_.]
SHIVER, shiv'[.e]r, _v.i._ to shake or tremble: to shudder.--_v.t._ to
cause to shake in the wind, as sails.--_n._ SHIV'ERING.--_adv._
SHIV'ERINGLY, with shivering or trembling.--_adj._ SHIV'ERY, inclined to
shiver.--THE SHIVERS (_coll._), the ague, chills. [M. E. _chiveren_, a
softened form of _kiveren_, supposed by Skeat to be a Scand. form of
_quiver_, and a freq. of Ice. _kippa_, to pull, the spelling with sh being
due to confusion with _shiver_ (_n._).]
SHIZOKU, sh[=e]-z[=o]'k[=oo], _n._ the two-sworded men of Japan, the gentry
proper.
SHOAL, sh[=o]l, _n._ a great multitude of fishes swimming together.--_v.i._
to crowd.--_adv._ SHOAL'WISE, in shoals. [A.S. _scólu_, company--L.
_schola_, school.]
SHOAL, sh[=o]l, _n._ a shallow: a place where the water of a river, sea, or
lake is not deep: a sandbank.--_adj._ shallow.--_v.i._ to grow shallow: to
come upon shallows.--_ns._ SHOAL'ER, a coasting vessel; SHOAL'INESS;
SHOAL'ING, filling up with shoals; SHOAL'-MARK, a mark set up to indicate
shoal-water; SHOAL'NESS, shallowness.--_adj._ SHOAL'Y, full of shoals or
shallows: not deep. [Scand.; Ice. _skálgr_, oblique; cf. _Shallow_.]
SHOCK, shok, _n._ a violent shake: a sudden dashing of one thing against
another: violent onset: an offence: a condition of prostration of voluntary
and involuntary functions caused by trauma, a surgical operation, or
excessive sudden emotional disturbance: (_coll._) a sudden attack of
paralysis, a stroke: an electrical stimulant to sensory nerves, &c.: any
very strong emotion.--_v.t._ to shake by violence: to offend: to disgust:
to dismay.--_v.i._ to collide with violence.--_n._ SHOCK'ER (_coll._), a
very sensational tale.--_adj._ SHOCK'ING, offensive, repulsive.--_adv._
SHOCK'INGLY.--_n._ SHOCK'INGNESS. [Prof. Skeat explains M. E. _schokken_,
to shock, as from O. Fr. _choc_, a shock, _choquer_, to give a shock--Old
High Ger. _scoc_, a shock, shaking movement. Cf. A.S. _scóc_, pa.t. of
_sceacan_, to shake.]
SHOCK, shok, _n._ a heap or pile of sheaves of corn.--_v.t._ to make up
into shocks or stooks.--_n._ SHOCK'ER. [M. E. _schokke_--Old Dut.
_schocke_.]
SHOCK, shok, _n._ a dog with long, shaggy hair: a mass of shaggy
hair.--_n._ SHOCK'-DOG, a rough-haired dog, a poodle.--_adjs._ SHOCK'-HEAD,
-ED, having a thick and bushy head of hair. [A variant of _shag_.]
SHOD, shod, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _shoe_.
SHODDY, shod'i, _n._ (_orig._) the waste arising from the manufacture of
wool: now applied to the wool of old woven fabrics reduced to the state in
which it was before being spun and woven, and thus fit for remanufacture:
the inferior cloth made from this substance: worthless goods: (_coll._)
pretence, sham, vulgar and baseless assumption.--_adj._ made of shoddy:
inferior, trashy: pretentious, sham, counterfeit: ambitious by reason of
newly-acquired wealth.--_n._ SHODD'YISM. [_Shed_, to part--A.S. _sceádan_,
to part.]
SHOE, sh[=oo], _n._ a covering for the foot, not coming above the ankle: a
rim of iron nailed to the hoof of an animal to keep it from injury:
anything in form or use like a shoe:--_pl._ SHOES (sh[=oo]z).--_v.t._ to
furnish with shoes: to cover at the bottom:--_pr.p._ shoe'ing; _pa.t._ and
_pa.p._ shod.--_ns._ SHOE'-BILL, the whalehead (_Balæniceps_); SHOE'BLACK,
one who blacks and cleans shoes or boots; SHOE'-BLACK'ING, blacking for
boots and shoes; SHOE'-BOY, a boy who cleans shoes; SHOE'-BRUSH, a brush
for cleaning boots or shoes; SHOE'-BUCK'LE, a buckle for fastening the shoe
on the foot, by means of a latchet passing over the instep; SHOE'-HAMM'ER,
a broad-faced hammer for pounding leather and for driving pegs, &c.;
SHOE'HORN, a curved piece of horn or metal used in putting on a shoe;
SHOE'ING-HORN, a shoehorn: (_obs._) anything by which a transaction is
facilitated; SHOE'-LACE, a shoe-string; SHOE'-LATCH'ET, a thong for holding
a shoe, sandal, &c. on the foot; SHOE'-LEATH'ER, leather for shoes: shoes
or shoeing generally.--_adj._ SHOE'LESS, destitute of shoes.--_ns._
SHOE'MAKER, one whose trade or occupation is to make shoes or boots;
SHOE'MAKING; SHOE'-PEG, a small peg of wood or metal for fastening
different parts of a shoe together; SHO'ER, one who furnishes shoes, a
horse-shoer; SHOE'-STRETCH'ER, a last having a movable piece for distending
the leather of the shoe in any part; SHOE'-STRING, a string used to draw
the sides of the shoe or boot together; SHOE'-TIE, a cord or string for
lacing a shoe: (_Shak._) a traveller; SHOE'-WORK'ER, one employed in a
shoe-factory.--ANOTHER PAIR OF SHOES (_coll._), quite a different matter;
BE IN ONE'S SHOES, or BOOTS, to be in one's place; DIE IN ONE'S SHOES, to
die by violence, esp. by hanging; PUT THE SHOE ON THE RIGHT FOOT, to lay
the blame where it rightly belongs. [A.S. _sceó_; Goth. _skohs_, Ger.
_schuh_.]
SHOG, shog, _v.i._ to shake, jog, move on, be gone.--_v.t._ to shake.--_n._
a jog, shock. [Celt., W. _ysgogi_, to wag, _ysgog_, a jolt.]
SHOGUN, sh[=o]'g[=oo]n, _n._ the title of the commander-in-chief of the
Japanese army during the continuance of the feudal system in Japan.--_adj._
SH[=O]'GUNAL.--_n._ SH[=O]'GUNATE. [Jap.,--_sho_, to hold, _gun_, army.]
SHONE, shon, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _shine_.
SHOO, sh[=oo], _interj._ off! away! to scare away fowls, &c.--_v.i._ to cry
'Shoo!'--_v.t._ to drive away by calling 'Shoo!' [Cf. Fr. _chou_, Gr.
_sou_.]
SHOOK, shook, _pa.t._ of _shake_.
SHOOL, sh[=oo]l, _v.i._ to saunter about, to beg.
SHOOLDARRY, sh[=oo]l-där'i, _n._ a small tent with steep sloping roof and
low sides. [Hind.]
SHOON, sh[=oo]n, an old _pl._ of _shoe_.
SHOOT, sh[=oo]t, _v.t._ to dart: to let fly with force: to discharge from a
bow or gun: to strike with a shot: to thrust forward: to pass rapidly
through: to lay out, place in position: to hunt over, to kill game in or
on: to send forth new parts, as a plant.--_v.i._ to perform the act of
shooting: to variegate, to colour in spots or threads: to be driven along:
to fly, as an arrow: to jut out: to germinate: to advance or grow rapidly:
to hunt birds, &c., with a gun:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shot.--_n._ act of
shooting: a match at shooting, shooting-party: a young branch: (_Shak._) a
sprouting horn: a passage-way in a mine for letting one down: a sloping
trough used for discharging articles or goods from a height: a river-fall,
rapid.--_adj._ SHOOT'ABLE, that may be shot, or shot over.--_ns._ SHOOT'ER,
one who, or that which, shoots; SHOOT'ING, act of discharging firearms or
an arrow: sensation of a quick pain: act or practice of killing game: right
to kill game with firearms on a certain area: the district so limited;
SHOOT'ING-BOX, a small house in the country for use in the shooting season;
SHOOT'ING-GALL'ERY, a long room used for practice in the use of firearms;
SHOOT'ING-[=I]'RON (_slang_), a revolver; SHOOT'ING-JACK'ET, a short kind
of coat for shooting in; SHOOT'ING-RANGE, a place for practising shooting
at targets at measured distances; SHOOT'ING-STAR, a meteor or falling star;
SHOOT'ING-STICK, a printer's tool of wood or metal, to be struck with a
mallet, for driving quoins.--SHOOT AHEAD, to get to the front among a set
of competitors; SHOOT OVER, to go out shooting: to hunt upon.--I'LL BE SHOT
(_slang_), a mild imprecation. [A.S. _sceótan_; Dut. _schieten_, Ger.
_schiessen_, to dart.]
SHOP, shop, _n._ a building in which goods are sold by retail: a place
where mechanics work, or where any kind of industry is pursued: one's own
business or profession, also talk about such.--_v.i._ to visit shops for
the purpose of buying.--_v.t._ (_slang_) to imprison:--_pr.p._ shop'ping;
_pa.p._ shopped.--_ns._ SHOP'-BELL, a small automatic bell hung to give
notice of the opening of a shop-door; SHOP'-BOARD, a bench on which work,
esp. that of tailors, is done; SHOP'-BOY, -GIRL, a boy or girl employed in
a shop; SHOP'-KEEPER, one who keeps a shop for the sale of goods by retail;
SHOP'KEEPING, the business of keeping a shop; SHOP'-LIFT'ER;
SHOP'-LIFT'ING, lifting or stealing anything from a shop; SHOP'MAN, one who
serves in a shop: a shopkeeper; SHOPOC'RACY, shopkeepers collectively;
SHOP'PING, the act of visiting shops to see and buy goods.--_adj._ SHOP'PY,
commercial: abounding in shops: given to talking shop: concerning one's own
pursuit.--_ns._ SHOP'-WALK'ER, one who walks about in a shop and sees the
customers attended to; SHOP'WOMAN, a woman employed in a shop.--_adj._
SHOP'-WORN, somewhat tarnished by being exposed in a shop.--FANCY SHOP, a
shop where fancy goods are sold.--SHUT UP SHOP (_coll._), to abandon any
enterprise; THE OTHER SHOP (_slang_), a rival institution or establishment;
THE WHOLE SHOP (_slang_), entirely; TALK SHOP (_coll._), to converse
unseasonably about one's own profession. [A.S. _sceoppa_, a treasury
(influenced by O. Fr. _eschoppe_, a stall.)]
SHORE, sh[=o]r, _pa.t._ of _shear_.
SHORE, sh[=o]r, _n._ the coast or land adjacent to the sea, to a river, or
lake.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to set on shore.--_ns._ SHOR'AGE, duty on goods
when brought on shore from a ship; SHORE'-ANCH'OR, the anchor lying towards
the shore; SHORE'-CLIFF, a cliff at the water's edge; SHORE'-LAND, land
bordering on a shore.--_adj._ SHORE'LESS, having no coast: indefinite or
unlimited.--_n._ SHORES'MAN, a fisherman along shore: a sole or part owner
of a vessel: a longshoreman.--_adv._ SHORE'WARD, towards the shore.--_n._
SHORE'-WH[=A]L'ING, the pursuit of the whale near the shore. [A.S.
_score_--_sceran_, to shear.]
SHORE, sh[=o]r, _n._ a prop or support for the side of a building, or to
keep a vessel in dock steady on the slips.--_v.t._ to prop (often with
_up_).--_ns._ SH[=O]R'ER; SH[=O]R'ING, the act of supporting with props: a
set of props. [Skeat refers to Ice. _skortha_, a prop, esp. under a
boat--_skor-inn_, pa.p. of _skera_, to shear.]
SHORE, sh[=o]r, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to warn, threaten: to offer. [Perh. a form
of _score_, or another form of _sure_, equivalent to _assure_.]
SHORL, SHORLACEOUS. See SCHORL.
SHORN, shorn, _pa.p._ of shear.--_n._ SH[=O]R'LING, SH[=O]RE'LING, a
newly-shorn sheep.
SHORT, short, _adj._ (_comp._ SHORT'ER, _superl._ SHORT'EST) not long in
time or space: not tall: near at hand, early in date: scanty, lacking,
insufficient: in error, deficient in wisdom, grasp, memory, &c.: narrow:
abrupt, curt, sharp, uncivil: brittle, crumbling away readily: not
prolonged in utterance, unaccented: (_coll._) undiluted with water, neat:
falling below a certain standard (with _of_): of stocks, &c., not having in
possession when selling, not able to meet one's engagements, pertaining to
short stocks or to those who have sold short.--_adv._ not long.--_n._ a
summary account: a short time or syllable: whatever is deficient in number,
quantity, &c.: a short sale, one who has made such: (_pl._) small clothes,
knee-breeches: the bran and coarse part of meal, in mixture.--_ns._
SHORT'AGE, deficiency; SHORT'-ALLOW'ANCE, less than the regular allowance;
SHORT'-AND, the character '&,' the ampersand.--_adj._ SHORT'-ARMED, having
short arms, not reaching far.--_ns._ SHORT'-BILL, one having less than ten
days to run; SHORT'-CAKE, a rich tea-cake made short and crisp with butter
or lard and baked--also SHORT'-BREAD (_Scot._): (_U.S._) a light cake,
prepared in layers with fruit between, served with cream; SHORT'-CIR'CUIT
(_electr._), a path of comparatively low resistance between two points of a
circuit.--_n.pl._ SHORT'-CLOTHES, small clothes, the dress of young
children after the first long clothes.--_v.t._ SHORT'-COAT, to dress in
short-coats.--_n.pl._ SHORT'-COATS, the shortened skirts of a child when
the first long clothes are left off.--_n._ SHORT'COMING, act of coming or
falling short of produce or result: neglect of, or failure in,
duty.--_n.pl._ SHORT'-COMM'ONS (see COMMON).--_n._ SHORT'-CROSS, the short
cross-bar of a printer's chase.--_adjs._ SHORT'-CUT, cut short instead of
in long shreds--of tobacco, &c.--also _n._; SHORT'-D[=A]T'ED, having short
or little time to run from its date, as a bill.--_n._ SHORT'-DIVI'SION, a
method of division with a divisor not larger than 12--opp. to
_Long-division_.--_v.t._ SHORT'EN, to make short: to deprive: to make
friable.--_v.i._ to become short or shorter: to contract.--_n._
SHORT'-GOWN, a loose jacket with a skirt, worn by women, a
bed-gown.--_adj._ SHORT'-GRASSED (_Shak._), provided or covered with short
grass.--_n._ SHORT'HAND, an art by which writing is made shorter and
easier, so as to keep pace with speaking.--_adj._ SHORT'-HAND'ED, not
having the proper number of servants, work-people, &c.--_ns._ SHORT'HANDER,
a stenographer; SHORT'-HORN, one of a breed of cattle having very short
horns--_Durham_ and _Teeswater_.--_adj._ SHORT'-HORNED.--_n._ SHORT'-HOSE,
the stockings of the Highland dress, reaching to the knee, as opposed to
the long hose formerly worn by Englishmen.--_adjs._ SHORT'-JOINT'ED, short
between the joints: having a short pastern; SHORT'-LEGGED (_Shak._), having
short legs; SHORT'-LIVED, living or lasting only for a short time.--_adv._
SHORT'LY, in a short time: in a brief manner: quickly: soon.--_ns._
SHORT'-M[=E]'TRE (see METRE); SHORT'NESS; SHORT'-PULL, a light impression
on a hand-press; SHORT'-RIB, one of the lower ribs, not reaching to the
breast-bone, a false or floating rib.--_adj._ SHORT'-SIGHT'ED, having sight
extending but a short distance: unable to see far: of weak intellect:
heedless.--_adv._ SHORT'-SIGHT'EDLY.--_n._ SHORT'-SIGHT'EDNESS.--_adjs._
SHORT'-SP[=O]'KEN, sharp and curt in speech; SHORT'-ST[=A]'PLE, having the
fibre short.--_n._ SHORT'-STOP, the player at base-ball between the second
and third base.--_adjs._ SHORT'-TEM'PERED, easily put into a rage;
SHORT'-WIND'ED, affected with shortness of wind or breath; SHORT'-WIT'TED,
having little wit, judgment, or intellect.--AT SHORT SIGHT, meaning that a
bill is payable soon after being presented; BE TAKEN SHORT (_coll_.), to be
suddenly seized with a desire to evacuate fæces; COME, CUT, FALL, SHORT
(see COME, CUT, FALL); IN SHORT, in a few words; MAKE SHORT WORK OF, to
settle some difficulty or opposition promptly; TAKE UP SHORT, to check or
to answer curtly; THE LONG AND SHORT, the whole. [A.S. _sceort_; Old High
Ger. _scurz_; the Dut. and Sw. _kort_, Ger. _kurz_, are borrowed from L.
_curtus_.]
SHOT, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _shoot_.
SHOT, shot, _adj._ (_Spens._) advanced in years.--_n._ a young pig. [Perh.
pa.p. of _shoot_.]
SHOT, shot, _n._ act of shooting: a marksman: a missile: flight of a
missile, or the distance passed by it: small globules of lead: (_gun_.)
solid projectiles generally: a small pellet, of which there are a number in
one charge: range of shot, reach: one cast or set of fishing-nets: the act
of shooting, one who shoots, a marksman: a plot of land, a square furlong:
a stroke in billiards, &c.--_v.t._ to load with shot:--_pr.p._ shot'ting;
_pa.p._ shot'ted.--_ns._ SHOT'-BELT, a belt with a pouch for carrying shot;
SHOT'-CART'RIDGE, a cartridge containing small shot; SHOT'-GAUGE, an
instrument for measuring the size of round-shot; SHOT'-GUN, a smooth-bore
gun for small shot, a fowling-piece; SHOT'-HOLE, a hole made by a shot or
bullet: a blasting-hole ready for a blast; SHOT'-OF-A-C[=A]'BLE, a length
of rope as it comes from the rope-walk; SHOT'-POUCH, a pouch for small
shot.--_adjs._ SHOT'-PROOF, proof against shot; SHOT'TED, loaded with ball
and powder: having a shot or weight attached.--_ns._ SHOT'-TOW'ER, a place
where small shot is made by dropping molten lead through a colander in
rapid motion from a considerable height into water; SHOT'-WIN'DOW, a
projecting window in the staircases of old Scotch wooden houses.--A BAD
SHOT, a wrong guess; A SHOT IN THE LOCKER, a last reserve of money, food,
&c.
SHOT, shot, _adj._ having a changeable colour, chatoyant, as silk, alpaca,
&c.
SHOT, shot, _n._ a reckoning, a share of a tavern-bill, &c.--_adj._
SHOT'-FREE (_Shak._), exempted from paying one's share of the reckoning or
of expense. [_Scot._]
SHOTTEN, shot'n, _p.adj._ (_Shak._) having ejected the spawn: shooting out
into angles: dislocated, as a bone. [From _shoot_.]
SHOUGH, shok, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as _Shock_, a dog.
SHOULD, shood, _pa.t._ of _shall_. [A.S. _sceolde_, _pa.t._ of _sceal_; cf.
_Shall_.]
[Illustration]
SHOULDER, sh[=o]l'd[.e]r, _n._ the part of the trunk between the neck and
the free portion of the arm or fore-limb, the region about the scapula: the
upper joint of the foreleg of an animal cut for market: anything resembling
the shoulder, a rising part, a prominence: that which sustains, support,
the whole might or effort: the whole angle of a bastion between the face
and flank.--_v.t._ to push with the shoulder or violently: to take upon the
shoulder: to fashion with a shoulder or abutment.--_v.i._ to force one's
way forward.--_ns._ SHOUL'DER-BELT, a belt that passes across the shoulder;
SHOUL'DER-BLADE, the broad, flat, blade-like bone (_scapula_) of the
shoulder; SHOUL'DER-BLOCK, a pulley-block left nearly square at the upper
end and cut away towards the sheave; SHOUL'DER-BONE, the humerus,
shoulder-blade; SHOUL'DER-CLAP'PER (_Shak._), one who claps another on the
shoulder or uses great familiarity, a bailiff.--_adj._ SHOUL'DERED, having
shoulders of a specified kind.--_ns._ SHOUL'DER-KNOT, a knot worn as an
ornament on the shoulder, now confined to servants in livery;
SHOUL'DER-PIECE, a strap passing over the shoulder and joining the front
and back part of a garment; SHOUL'DER-SLIP, a sprain of the
shoulder.--_adjs._ SHOUL'DER-SLIPPED, SHOUL'DER-SHOT'TEN (_Shak._), having
the shoulder-joint dislocated.--_n._ SHOUL'DER-STRAP, a strap worn on or
over the shoulder: (_U.S._) a narrow strap of cloth edged with gold-lace
worn on the shoulder to indicate military and naval
rank.--SHOULDER-OF-MUTTON SAIL, a kind of triangular sail of peculiar form,
used mostly in boats, very handy and safe, particularly as a mizzen;
SHOULDER TO SHOULDER, with hearty and united action or effort.--GIVE, SHOW,
or TURN THE COLD SHOULDER (see COLD); PUT, or SET, ONE'S SHOULDER TO THE
WHEEL, to give personal help heartily; WITH ONE SHOULDER, with one consent.
[A.S. _sculder_, _sculdor_; Ger. _schulter_, Dut. _schouder_.]
SHOUT, showt, _n._ a loud and sudden outcry expressing strong emotion, or
to attract attention.--_v.i._ to utter a shout: (_slang_) to order drink
for others by way of treat.--_v.t._ to utter with a shout.--_n._
SHOUT'ER.--_adv._ SHOUT'INGLY. [Ety. unknown.]
SHOUT, showt, _n._ (_prov_.) a light flat-bottomed boat used in
duck-shooting.
SHOVE, shuv, _v.t._ to drive along by continuous pressure: to push before
one.--_v.i._ to push forward: to push off.--_n._ act of shoving: a strong
push, a forward movement of packed river-ice.--SHOVE OFF, to push off a
boat with oar or boat-hook. [A.S. _scofian_; Dut. _schuiven_, Ger.
_schieben_.]
SHOVEL, shuv'l, _n._ an instrument consisting of a broad blade or scoop
with a handle, used for lifting loose substances.--_v.t._ to lift up and
throw with a shovel: to gather in large quantities.--_v.i._ to use a
shovel:--_pr.p._ shov'elling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shov'elled.--_ns._
SHOV'EL-BOARD, SHOVE'-GROAT, SHUFF'LE-BOARD, a game in which a piece of
money or metal is driven with the hand toward a mark on a board: the board
used in the game; SHOV'ELFUL, as much as a shovel will hold:--_pl._
SHOV'ELFULS; SHOV'EL-HAT, a hat with a broad brim, turned up at the sides,
and projecting in front--affected by Anglican clergy; SHOV'EL-HEAD, the
bonnet-headed shark: the shovel-headed sturgeon; SHOV'ELLER, one who
shovels: a genus of ducks, with mandibles very broad at the end;
SHOV'EL-NOSE, a sturgeon with broad, depressed, shovel-shaped snout. [A.S.
_scofl_, from _scúfan_, to shove; Ger. _schaufel_.]
SHOW, sh[=o], _v.t._ to present to view: to enable to perceive or know: to
inform: to teach: to guide: to prove: to explain: to bestow.--_v.i._ to
appear, come into sight: to look:--_pa.p._ sh[=o]wn or sh[=o]wed.--_n._ act
of showing: display: a sight or spectacle: parade: appearance:
plausibility, pretence: a sign, indication.--_ns._ SHOW'-BILL, a bill for
showing or advertising the price, merits, &c. of goods; SHOW'-BOX, a
showman's box out of which he takes his materials; SHOW'BREAD, among the
Jews, the twelve loaves of bread shown or presented before Jehovah in the
sanctuary; SHOW'-CARD, a placard with an announcement: a card of patterns;
SHOW'-CASE, a case with glass sides in which articles are exhibited in a
museum, &c.; SHOW'-END, that end of a piece of cloth which is on the
outside of the roll for exhibition to customers; SHOW'ER; SHOW'ING,
appearance: a setting forth, representation; SHOW'MAN, one who exhibits
shows; SHOW'-PLACE, a place for exhibition: a gymnasium: (_Shak._) a place
where shows are exhibited; SHOW'-ROOM, a room where a show is exhibited: a
room in a warehouse, &c., where goods are displayed to the best advantage,
a room in a commercial hotel where travellers' samples are exhibited.--SHOW
A LEG (_vul_.), to get out of bed; SHOW FIGHT, to show a readiness to
resist; SHOW FORTH, to give out, proclaim; SHOW OFF, to display
ostentatiously; SHOW OF HANDS, a raising of hands at a meeting to show
approval of any proposal; SHOW ONE'S HAND (see HAND); SHOW ONE THE DOOR, to
dismiss a person from one's house or presence; SHOW UP, to expose to blame
or ridicule. [A.S. _scéawian_; Dut. _schouwen_, Ger. _schauen_, to behold.]
SHOWER, show'[.e]r, _n._ a fall of rain or hail, of short duration: a
copious and rapid fall: a liberal supply of anything.--_v.t._ to wet with
rain: to bestow liberally.--_v.i._ to rain in showers.--_ns._ SHOW'ER-BATH,
a bath in which water is showered upon one from above: the apparatus for
giving a bath by showering water on the person; SHOW'ERINESS, the state of
being showery.--_adjs._ SHOW'ERLESS, without showers; SHOW'ERY, abounding
with showers. [A.S. _scúr_; Ice. _skúr_, Ger. _schauer_.]
SHOWY, sh[=o]'i, _adj._ making a show: cutting a dash: ostentatious:
gay.--_adv._ SHOW'ILY.--_n._ SHOW'INESS.
SHRAB, shrab, _n._ sherbet, liquor generally, spirits. [Hind. _shar[=a]b_,
wine.]
SHRANK, shrangk, _pa.t._ of _shrink_.
[Illustration]
SHRAPNEL, shrap'nel, _n._ a shell filled with musket-balls--from General
_Shrapnel_ (died 1842).
SHRED, shred, _n._ a long, narrow piece cut or torn off: a strip, fragment,
particle.--_v.t._ to cut or tear into shreds.--_n._ SHRED'DING, the act of
cutting into shreds: a shred.--_adjs._ SHRED'DY, consisting of shreds,
ragged; SHRED'LESS.--_n._ SHRED'-PIE, mince-pie. [A.S. _screáde_; Ger.
_schrot_, Scot. _screed_.]
SHREW, shr[=oo], _n._ a brawling, troublesome woman: a scold: a family of
insectivorous mammals closely resembling, in general form and appearance,
the true mice and dormice--the head long, muzzle long and pointed.--_adj._
SHREWD, of an acute judgment: biting, keen: sly, malicious, wicked,
cunning, vixenish.--_adv._ SHREWD'LY.--_n._ SHREWD'NESS.--_adj._ SHREW'ISH,
having the qualities of a shrew: peevish and troublesome:
clamorous.--_adv._ SHREW'ISHLY.--_ns._ SHREW'ISHNESS; SHREW'-MOLE, a genus
of insectivorous mammals of the family _Talpidæ_, very closely allied to
the moles.--_adj._ SHREW'-STRUCK, poisoned or blasted by a shrew. [A.S.
_screáwa_, a shrew-mouse, its bite having been supposed venomous; cf. Ger.
_scher-maus_, a mole.]
SHRIEK, shr[=e]k, _v.i._ to utter a shriek: to scream.--_v.t._ to utter
shriekingly.--_n._ the shrill outcry caused by terror or
anguish--(_Spens._) SCHRIECH, SHRIGHT, SHRIKE.--_ns._ SHRIEK'ER;
SHRIEK'-OWL (same as SCREECH-OWL). [_Screech_.]
SHRIEVE, shr[=e]v, _v.t._ (_Spens._) same as SHRIVE.--_n._ SHRIEV'ALTY
(same as SHERIFFALTY).
SHRIFT, shrift, _n._ a confession made to a priest: absolution--esp. of a
dying man. [A.S. _scrift_--_scrífan_, to shrive.]
SHRIKE, shr[=i]k, _n._ a genus of passerine birds which prey on insects and
small birds, impaling its prey on thorns--hence called the _Butcher-bird_.
[Ice. _skríkja_; cf. _Shriek_.]
SHRILL, shril, _adj._ piercing: sharp: uttering an acute sound.--_adjs._
SHRILL'-GORGED (_Shak._), shrill-throated; SHRILL'ING (_Spens._), sounding
shrill.--_n._ SHRILL'NESS.--_adjs._ SHRILL'-TONGUED, SHRILL'-VOICED
(_Shak._), having a shrill voice; SHRILL'Y, somewhat shrill.--_adv._
SHRILL'Y. [Skeat explains M. E. _shril_ (Scotch _skirl_) as from Scand.,
Norw. _skryla_, _skräla_, to cry shrilly; cf. Low Ger. _schrell_.]
SHRIMP, shrimp, _n._ a genus of edible crustaceans, of the order
_Decapoda_, allied to lobsters, crayfish, and prawns: a little wizened or
dwarfish person.--_v.i._ to catch shrimps.--_ns._ SHRIMP'ER, one who
catches shrimps; SHRIMP'ING, the act of catching shrimps; SHRIMP'-NET, a
small-meshed net, on a hoop and pole, for catching shrimps. [Parallel to
_shrink_; cf. Scotch _scrimpit_, pinched.]
SHRINE, shr[=i]n, _n._ a case or reliquary for relics: a sacred place: an
altar: anything hallowed by its associations.--_v.t._ to enshrine.--_adj._
SHR[=I]'NAL. [A.S. _scrín_--L. _scrinium_--_scrib[)e]re_, to write.]
SHRINK, shringk, _v.i._ to contract: to wither: to occupy less space: to
become wrinkled by contraction: to recoil, as from fear, disgust,
&c.--_v.t._ to cause to shrink or contract: to withdraw:--_pa.t._ shrank,
shrunk; _pa.p._ shrunk.--_n._ act of shrinking: contraction: withdrawal or
recoil.--_adj._ SHRINK'ABLE.--_ns._ SHRINK'AGE, a contraction into a less
compass: the extent of the reduction of anything in bulk by shrinking,
evaporation, &c.; SHRINK'ER.--_adv._ SHRINK'INGLY, in a shrinking manner:
by shrinking. [A.S. _scrincan_; akin to Ger. _schränken_, to place
obliquely.]
SHRIVE, shr[=i]v, _v.t._ to hear a confession from and give absolution
to.--_v.i._ to receive confession: to make such:--_pa.t._ shr[=o]ve or
shr[=i]ved; _pa.p._ shriv'en.--_ns._ SHR[=I]'VER, one who shrives: a
confessor; SHR[=I]'VING (_Spens._), shift, confession; SHR[=I]VING-TIME
(_Shak._), time for confession. [A.S. _scrífan_, to write, to prescribe
penance--L. _scrib[)e]re_.]
SHRIVEL, shriv'l, _v.i._ and _v.t._ to contract into wrinkles: to
blight:--_pr.p._ shriv'elling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shriv'elled. [Perh.
conn. with Old Northumbrian _screpa_, to become dry; cf. Norw. _skrypa_, to
waste.]
SHROFF, shrof, _n._ a banker or money-changer in India.--_v.t._ to inspect
the quality of coins.--_n._ SHROFF'AGE, such examination. [Hind.
_sarr[=a]f_--Ar. _sarr[=a]f_.]
SHROUD, shrowd, _n._ the dress of the dead, a winding-sheet: that which
clothes or covers: any underground hole, a vault, burrow, &c.: (_pl._) a
set of ropes from the mast-heads to a ship's sides, to support the
masts.--_v.t._ to enclose in a shroud: to cover: to hide: to
shelter.--_v.i._ to take shelter.--_adjs._ SHROUD'LESS, without a shroud;
SHROUD'Y, giving shelter. [A.S. _scrúd_; Ice. _skrúdh_, clothing.]
SHROUD, shrowd, _v.t._ (_prov._) to lop the branches from, as a tree.--_n._
a cutting, a bough or branch, the foliage of a tree. [A variant of
_shred_.]
SHROVE-TIDE, shr[=o]v'-t[=i]d, _n._ the name given to the days immediately
preceding Ash-Wednesday, preparatory to Lent--given up to football,
cock-fighting, bull-baiting, &c.--_ns._ SHROVE'-CAKE, a pancake for
SHROVE-TIDE; SHROVE'-TUES'DAY, the day before Ash-Wednesday. [A.S.
_scrífan_, to shrive.]
SHROW, shr[=o], _n._ (_Shak._). Same as SHREW.
SHRUB, shrub, _n._ a woody plant with several stems from the same root: a
bush or dwarf tree.--_v.t._ (_prov._) to win all a man's money at
play.--_adj._ SHRUB'BERIED, abounding in shrubbery.--_ns._ SHRUB'BERY, a
plantation of shrubs; SHRUB'BINESS, the state or quality of being
shrubby.--_adjs._ SHRUB'BY, full of shrubs: like a shrub: consisting of
shrubs; SHRUB'LESS. [A.S. _scrob_; prov. Eng. _shruff_, light rubbish
wood.]
SHRUB, shrub, _n._ a drink prepared from the juice of lemons, currants,
raspberries, with spirits, as rum. [A variant of _shrab_.]