SCHEROMA, ske-r[=o]'ma, _n._ inflammation of the eye without discharge.
[Gr. _x[=e]ros_, dry.]
SCHERZO, sker'ts[=o], _n._ (_mus._) a passage or movement of a lively
character, forming part of a musical composition of some length, as a
symphony, quartette, or sonata.--_adj._ SCHERZAN'DO, playful. [It.
_scherzo_, a jest, _scherzare_, to play--Teut.; Mid. High Ger. _scherz_
(Ger. _scherz_, Dut. _scherts_), jest.]
SCHESIS, sk[=e]'sis, _n._ habitude.--_adj._ SCHET'IC, constitutional:
habitual. [Gr.,--_echein_, to have.]
SCHIAVONE, ski-a-v[=o]'ne, _n._ a backed, hilted broadsword of the 17th
century. [It., the Doge's bodyguard, the _Schiavoni_ or Slavs being armed
with it.]
SCHIEDAM, sk[=e]-dam', _n._ Hollands gin, named from the town near
Rotterdam where it is chiefly made.
SCHILLER, shil'[.e]r, _n._ the peculiar bronze-like lustre observed in
certain minerals, as hypersthene, &c., due to internal reflection.--_ns._
SCHILLERIS[=A]'TION, the process by which microscopic crystals have been
developed in other minerals so as to give a submetallic sheen by internal
reflection; SCHILL'ERITE, or SCHILL'ER-SPAR rock, enstatite schillerised.
[Ger.]
SCHINDYLESIS, skin-di-l[=e]'sis, _n._ an articulation formed by the fitting
of one bone into a groove in another, as in the sphenoid bone and
vomer.--_adj._ SCHINDYLET'IC. [Gr.,--_schindylein_; to cleave, _schizein_,
to cleave.]
SCHINUS, sk[=i]'nus, _n._ a genus of South American trees, of order
_Anacardiaceæ_, the leaves yielding abundantly a fragrant, resinous, or
turpentine-like fluid. [Gr. _schinos_, the mastic-tree.]
SCHIPPERKE, ship'p[.e]r-ke, _n._ a breed of dogs of the same group as the
Eskimo and Pomeranian dog, but with almost no tail, favourites of the
Belgian bargees. [Flem., 'little skipper.']
S-CHISEL, es-chiz'el, _n._ a cutting tool in well-boring.
SCHISIOPHONE, skiz'i-[=o]-f[=o]n, _n._ an induction balance for detecting
flaws in iron rails. [Gr. _schisis_, a cleaving, _ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound.]
SCHISM, sizm, _n._ a separation in a church, from diversity of opinion or
discipline, breach of unity without justifiable cause, also the tendency
towards such.--_ns._ SCHIS'MA (_mus._), the difference between a pure and
an equally tempered fifth; SCHISMAT'IC, one who separates from a church on
account of difference of opinion.--_adjs._ SCHISMAT'IC, -AL, tending to, or
of the nature of, schism.--_adv._ SCHISMAT'ICALLY.--_n._
SCHISMAT'ICALNESS.--_v.i._ SCHIS'MATISE, to practise schism: to make a
breach in the communion of the church:--_pr.p._ schis'mat[=i]sing; _pa.p._
schis'mat[=i]sed.--GREAT, or GREEK, SCHISM, the separation of the Greek
Church from the Latin, finally completed in 1054; WESTERN SCHISM, the
division in the Western Church on the appointment by the Romans of Urban
VI. to the papal chair in 1378, while the French cardinals elected Clement
VII.--healed on the election of Martin V. by the Council of Constance in
1417. [L. _schisma_--Gr. _schizein_, to split.]
SCHIST, shist, _n._ a term properly applied to crystalline rocks with a
foliated structure, as mica-schist, hornblende-schist, &c.--indurated
clay-rocks with a fissile structure are sometimes erroneously described as
schists.--_adjs._ SCHIST[=A]'CEOUS, slate-gray; SCHIST'IC, SCHIST'OUS,
SCHIST'OSE, like schist: slaty.--_n._ SCHISTOS'ITY, quality of being
schistose. [Fr. _schiste_--Gr. _schistos_--_schizein_, to split.]
SCHIZÆA, sk[=i]-z[=e]'a, _n._ a genus of ferns, with sporangia ovate,
sessile, and arranged in spikes or panicles. [Gr. _schizein_, to split.]
SCHIZOCARP, skiz'[=o]-kärp, _n._ a dry fruit which splits at maturity into
several closed one-seeded portions.--_adj._ SCHIZOCAR'POUS. [Gr.
_schizein_, to cleave, _karpos_, fruit.]
SCHIZOCEPHALY, skiz-[=o]-sef'a-li, _n._ the practice of preserving the
heads of warriors among Maoris, &c. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave,
_kephal[=e]_, the head.]
SCHIZOCOELE, skiz'[=o]-s[=e]l, _n._ a term applied to the perivisceral
cavity of the _Invertebrata_, when formed by a splitting of the
mesoblast.--_adj._ SCHIZOCOE'LOUS. [Gr, _schizein_, to cleave, _koilia_, a
hollow.]
SCHIZODON, skiz'[=o]-don, _n._ a genus of South American octodont rodents.
[Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _odous_, odontos, a tooth.]
SCHIZOGENESIS, skiz-[=o]-jen'e-sis _n._ reproduction by fission.--_adjs._
SCHIZOGEN'IC, SCHIZOGENET'IC.--_n._ SCHIZOG'ONY. [Gr. _schizein_, to
cleave, _genesis_, production.]
SCHIZOGNATHOUS, sk[=i]-zog'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ having the maxillo-palatine
bones separate from each other and from the vomer, as in the gulls,
plovers, &c.--_n.pl._ SCHIZOG'N[=A]THÆ, a subdivision of the carinate
birds.--_n._ SCHIZOG'N[=A]THISM. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _gnathos_, the
jaw.]
SCHIZOMYCETES, skiz-[=o]-m[=i]-s[=e]'t[=e]z, _n._ a botanical term for
Bacteria, in reference to their commonest mode of reproduction--by
transverse division. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _myk[=e]s_ (pl.
_myk[=e]tes_), a mushroom.]
SCHIZONEMERTEA, skiz-[=o]-n[=e]-mer't[=e]-a, _n.pl._ the sea-worms which
have the head fissured.--_adjs._ SCHIZONEMER'TEAN, SCHIZONEMER'TINE.
SCHIZONEURA, skiz-[=o]-n[=u]'ra, _n._ a genus of plant lice. [Gr.
_schizein_, to cleave, _neuron_, a nerve.]
SCIZOPHORA, sk[=i]-zof'[=o]-ra, _n.pl._ a division of dipterous insects.
[Gr. _schizein_, cleave, _pherein_, bear.]
SCHIZOPODA, sk[=i]-zop'[=o]-da, _n.pl._ a group of crustaceans, having the
feet cleft or double, including the opossum-shrimps and their
allies.--_adj._ and _n._ SCHIZ'OPOD. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _pous_,
_podos_, the foot.]
SCHIZORHINAL, skiz-[=o]-r[=i]'nal, _adj._ having the nasal bones separate:
having the anterior nostrils prolonged in the form of a slit. [Gr.
_schizein_, to cleave, _rhis_, _rhinos_, the nose.]
SCHIZOTHECAL, skiz-[=o]-th[=e]'kal, _adj._ having the tarsal envelope
divided, as by scutella--opp. to _Holothecal_. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave,
_th[=e]k[=e]_, a case.]
SCHIZOTROCHOUS, sk[=i]-zot'r[=o]-kus, _adj._ with a divided disc, as a
rotifer.--_n.pl._ SCHIZOT'ROCHA. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _trochos_, a
wheel.]
SCHLÄGER, shl[=a]'g[.e]r, _n._ the modern duelling-sword of German
university students. [Ger.,--_schlagen_, to beat.]
SCHEGALIA, shle-g[=a]'li-a, _n._ a genus of birds of Paradise. [Named from
the Dutch ornithologist Hermann _Schlegel_ (1805-84).]
SCHLICH, shlik, _n._ the finer portions of crushed ore, separated by water.
[Ger.]
SCHMELZE, schmel'tse, _n._ glass used in decorative work. [Ger. _schmelz_,
enamel.]
SCHNAPPS, SCHNAPS, shnaps, _n._ Holland gin, Hollands. [Ger. _schnapps_, a
dram.]
SCHNEIDERIAN, shn[=i]-d[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to the mucous membrane
of the nose--first described by the German anatomist C. V. _Schneider_
(1614-80).
SCHOENUS, sk[=e]'nus, _n._ a genus of monocotyledonous plants of the sedge
family. [Gr. _schoinos_, a rush.]
SCHOLAR, skol'ar, _n._ a pupil: a disciple: a student: one who has received
a learned education: a man of learning: a savant: in the English
universities, an undergraduate partly supported from the revenues of a
college.--_ns._ SCHOL'ARCH, the head of a school of philosophy;
SCHOL'ARISM, the affectation of scholarship.--_adjs._ SCHOL'AR-LIKE,
SCHOL'ARLY, like or becoming a scholar.--_n._ SCHOL'ARSHIP, the character
of a scholar: learning: maintenance for a scholar, a benefaction, the
annual proceeds of a bequest permanently invested for this purpose.--_adj._
SCHOLAS'TIC, pertaining to a scholar or to schools: scholar-like:
pertaining to the schoolmen: excessively subtle: pedantic.--_n._ one who
adheres to the method or subtleties of the schools of the middle
ages.--_adv._ SCHOLAS'TICALLY, in a scholastic manner: according to the
methods of the schools of philosophy.--_n._ SCHOLAS'TICISM, the aims,
methods, and products of thought which constituted the main endeavour of
the intellectual life of the middle ages: the method or subtleties of the
schools of philosophy: the collected body of doctrines of the schoolmen.
[Low L. _scholaris_--L. _schola_.]
SCHOLIAST, sk[=o]'li-ast, _n._ one of a class of ancient grammarians,
mostly anonymous, who wrote short notes on the margins of the MSS. of
ancient Greek and Roman classics, a writer of scholia: an annotator: a
commentator.--_adj._ SCHOLIAS'TIC, pertaining to a scholiast or to
scholia.--_ns._ SCH[=O]'LION, SCH[=O]'LIUM, one of the marginal notes of
the old critics on the ancient classics: (_math._) an explanation tion
added to a problem:--_pl._ SCH[=O]'LIA, SCH[=O]'LIUMS. [Gr.
_scholiast[=e]s_--_scholion_, a scholium.]
SCHOOL, sk[=oo]l, _n._ a place for instruction: an institution of learning,
esp. for children: the pupils of a school: exercises for instruction: the
disciples of a particular teacher, or those who hold a common doctrine: a
large number of fish migrating together, a shoal: a system of training: any
means of knowledge, esp. (_mus._) a treatise teaching some particular
branch of the art: a large hall in English universities, where the
examinations for degrees, &c., are held--hence, one of these examinations
(gen. _pl._) also the group of studies taken by a man competing for honours
in these: a single department of a university: (_pl._) the body of masters
and students in a college.--_v.t._ to educate in a school: to instruct: to
admonish, to discipline.--_adj._ SCHOOL'ABLE, of school age.--_ns._
SCHOOL'-BOARD, a board of managers, elected by the ratepayers, whose duty
it is to see that adequate means of education are provided for the children
of a town or district; SCHOOL'-BOY, a boy attending a school: one learning
the rudiments of a subject; SCHOOL'-CLERK, one versed in the learning of
schools; SCHOOL'-CRAFT, learning; SCHOOL'-DAME, a schoolmistress.--_n.pl._
SCHOOL'-DAYS, the time of life during which one goes to school.--_ns._
SCHOOL'-DIVINE'; SCHOOL'-DIVIN'ITY, scholastic or seminary theology;
SCHOOL'-DOC'TOR, a schoolman; SCHOOL'ERY (_Spens._), something taught,
precepts; SCHOOL'-FELL'OW, one taught at the same school: an associate at
school; SCHOOL'GIRL a girl attending school.--_n.pl._ SCHOOL'-HOURS, time
spent at school in acquiring instruction.--_ns._ SCHOOL'-HOUSE, a house of
discipline and instruction: a house used as a school: a schoolmaster's
house; SCHOOL'ING, instruction in school: tuition: the price paid for
instruction: reproof, reprimand; SCHOOL'-INSPEC'TOR, an official appointed
to examine schools; SCHOOL'-MA'AM, a schoolmistress; SCHOOL'-MAID, a
school-girl; SCHOOL'MAN, one of the philosophers and theologians of the
second half of the middle ages; SCHOOL'MASTER, the master or teacher of a
school, a pedagogue:--_fem._ SCHOOL'MISTRESS, a woman who teaches or who
merely governs a school; SCHOOL'-MATE, one who attends the same school;
SCHOOL'-NAME, an abstract term, an abstraction; SCHOOL'-PENCE, a small sum
paid for school-teaching; SCHOOL'-POINT, a point for scholastic
disputation; SCHOOL'-ROOM, a room for teaching in: school accommodation;
SCHOOL'-SHIP, a vessel used for teaching practical navigation.--_adj._
SCHOOL'-TAUGHT, taught at school or in the schools.--_ns._
SCHOOL'-TEACH'ER, one who teaches in a school; SCHOOL'-TEACH'ING;
SCHOOL'-TIME, the time at which a school opens; SCHOOL'-WHALE, one of a
school of whales; BOARD'-SCHOOL, a school under the control of a
school-board.--GRAMMAR SCHOOL, HIGH SCHOOL, a school of secondary
instruction, standing between the primary school and the university;
NATIONAL SCHOOLS, those schools in Ireland which are under the
commissioners of national education; OXFORD SCHOOL, a name given to that
party which adopted the principles contained in the _Tracts for the Times_
(cf. _Tractarianism_); PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS, in Scotland, schools in every
parish for general education; PRIMARY SCHOOL, a school for elementary
instruction; PUBLIC SCHOOL, an elementary or primary school: a school under
the control of a school-board: an endowed classical school for providing a
liberal education for such as can pay high for it--Eton, Harrow, Rugby,
Winchester, Westminster, Shrewsbury, Charterhouse, St Paul's, and Merchant
Taylors', &c.; RAGGED SCHOOL, a free school for destitute children's
education and often maintenance, supported by voluntary efforts; SUNDAY
SCHOOL, a school held on Sunday for religious instruction; TÜBINGEN SCHOOL,
a rationalistic school of theologians founded by F. C. Baur (1792-1860),
which explained the origin of the Catholic Church as due to the gradual
fusion of an antagonistic Judaistic and Gentile party, the various stages
of fusion being capable of being traced in the extant documents.--THE
SCHOOLMASTER IS ABROAD, a phrase of Brougham's implying that education and
intelligence are now widely spread. [L. _schola_--Gr. _schol[=e]_, leisure,
a school.]
[Illustration]
SCHOONER, sk[=oo]n'[.e]r, _n._ a sharp-built, swift-sailing vessel,
generally two-masted, rigged either with fore-and-aft sails on both masts,
or with square top and topgallant sails on the foremast: an old form of
covered emigrant-wagon: a large drinking-glass.--_n._ SCHOON'ER-SMACK, a
sharp-bowed schooner. [Coined in New England from the prov. Eng. _scoon_
(Scot. _scon_), to make a flat stone skip along the surface of water; A.S.
_scúnian_.]
SCHORL, shorl, _n._ black tourmaline--also SHORL.--_adjs._
SCHORL[=A]'CEOUS, SCHOR'LOUS, SCHOR'LY. [Ger. _schörl_, prob. from Sw.
_skör_, brittle.]
SCHOTTISCHE, sho-t[=e]sh', _n._ a dance resembling a polka, danced by a
couple: music adapted for the dance.--Also SCHOTTISH'. [Ger., 'Scottish.']
SCHOUT, skout, _n._ a municipal officer in the North American Dutch
colonies. [Dut.]
SCHRANKIA, shrang'ki-a, _n._ a genus of leguminous plants, whose six
species are all American--including the _sensitive-briar_. [Named from the
German naturalist F. von Paula _Schrank_ (1747-1835).]
SCHUCHIN, skuch'in, _n._ an obsolete form of _escutcheon_.
SCHWEINITZIA, shw[=i]-nit'zi-a, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants of the
Indian-pipe family, including the sweet pine-sap or Carolina beech-drops.
[The Amer. botanist L. D. von _Schweinitz_ (1780-1834).]
SCHWENKFELDER, shwengk'fel-d[.e]r, _n._ a member of a religious sect,
founded by Caspar von _Schwenkfeld_ (1490-1561), still found in
Pennsylvania.--Also SCHWENK'FELDIAN.
SCIADIACEÆ, s[=i]-ad-i-[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n._ a family of fresh-water algæ,
its typical genus _Sciadium_.
SCIAGRAPHY, s[=i]-ag'ra-fi, _n._ the art of casting and delineating shadows
as they fall in nature: (_archit._) the vertical section of a building to
show its interior structure: the art of dialling.--_ns._ SC[=I]'AGRAPH;
SC[=I]AG'RAPHER.--_adjs._ SC[=I]AGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._
SC[=I]AGRAPH'ICALLY. [Gr. _skiagraphia_--_skia_, a shadow, _graphein_, to
write.]
SCIAMACHY, s[=i]-am'a-ki, _n._ Same as SCIOMACHY.
SCIAMETRY, s[=i]-am'e-tri, _n._ the doctrine of eclipses. [Gr. _skia_,
shadow, _metrein_, to measure.]
SCIARA, s[=i]'a-ra, _n._ a genus of gnats or midges. [Gr. _skiaros_,
shady--_skia_, a shadow.]
SCIATH, s[=i]'ath, _n._ an oblong shield of wicker-work formerly used in
Ireland. [Ir. _sciath_.]
SCIATHERIC, -AL, s[=i]-a-ther'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to a sundial. [Gr.
_skiath[=e]ron_--_skia_, shadow, _theran_, catch.]
SCIATICA, s[=i]-at'i-ka, _n._ a neuralgic affection of the great sciatic
nerve.--_adjs._ SCIAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or affecting, the hip,
ischiac.--_adv._ SCIAT'ICALLY. [Low L. _sciatica_--Gr. _ischion_.]
SCIENCE, s[=i]'ens, _n._ knowledge systematised: truth ascertained: pursuit
of knowledge or truth for its own sake: knowledge arranged under general
truths and principles: that which refers to abstract principles, as
distinguished from 'art:' pre-eminent skill: trade: a department of
knowledge.--_n._ SCIB'ILE, something capable of being known.--_adjs._
SC[=I]'ENCED, versed, learned; SC[=I]'ENT, knowing; SCIEN'TIAL (_Milt._),
producing science: skilful; SCIENTIF'IC, -AL (_obs._), producing or
containing science: according to, or versed in, science: used in science:
systematic: accurate.--_adv._ SCIENTIF'ICALLY.--_ns._ SC[=I]'ENTISM, the
view of scientists; SC[=I]'ENTIST, one who studies science, esp. natural
science.--_adjs._ SCIENTIS'TIC.--_adv._ SC[=I]'ENTLY, knowingly.--_n._
SCIENT'OLISM, false science, superficial knowledge.--SCIENTIFIC FRONTIER, a
term used by Lord Beaconsfield in 1878 in speaking of the rectification of
the boundaries between India and Afghanistan, meaning a frontier capable of
being occupied and defended according to the requirements of the science of
strategy, in opposition to 'a hap-hazard frontier.'--ABSOLUTE SCIENCE,
knowledge of things in themselves; APPLIED SCIENCE, when its laws are
exemplified in dealing with concrete phenomena; DISMAL SCIENCE, political
economy; GAY SCIENCE, a medieval name for belles-lettres and poetry
generally, esp. amatory poetry; INDUCTIVE SCIENCE (see INDUCT); LIBERAL
SCIENCE, a science cultivated from love of knowledge, without view to
profit; MENTAL SCIENCE, mental philosophy, psychology; MORAL SCIENCE,
ethics, the science of right and wrong, moral responsibility; OCCULT
SCIENCE, a name applied to the physical sciences of the middle ages, also
to magic, sorcery, witchcraft, &c.; SANITARY SCIENCE (see SANITARY); THE
EXACT SCIENCES, the mathematical sciences; THE SCIENCE, the art of boxing;
THE SEVEN LIBERAL SCIENCES, grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, music,
geometry, and astronomy--these were the seven TERRESTRIAL SCIENCES, as
opposed to the seven CELESTIAL SCIENCES, civil law, Christian law,
practical theology, devotional theology, dogmatic theology, mystic
theology, and polemical theology. [Fr.,--L. _scientia_--_sciens_, _-entis_,
pr.p. of _sc[=i]re_, to know.]
SCIL, an abbreviation of _scilicet_.
SCILICET, sil'i-set, _adv._ to wit, namely, videlicet.
SCILLA, sil'a, _n._ a genus of liliaceous plants, as the squill. [L.,--Gr.
_skilla_, a sea-onion.]
SCILLOCEPHALUS, sil-[=o]-sef'a-lus, _n._ a person with a conical
cranium.--_adjs._ SCILLOCEPH'ALOUS. [Gr. _skilla_, a squill, _kephal[=e]_,
a head.]
SCIMITAR, sim'i-tar, _n._ a short, single-edged curved sword, broadest at
the point end, used by the Turks and Persians.--_n._ SCIM'ITAR-POD, a
strong, shrubby climber of the tropics. [O. Fr. _cimeterre_--Old It.
_cimitara_--Turk.,--Pers. _shimsh[=i]r_ (perh. 'lion's claw,' _sham_, a
claw, _sh[=i]r_, _sher_, a lion); or perh. through Sp. _cimitarra_, from
Basque _cimeterra_, something 'with a fine edge.']
SCINCOID, sing'koid, _n._ one of a family of saurian reptiles, the typical
genus of which is the SCIN'CUS or skink.--_adjs._ like a skink. [L.
_scincus_--Gr. _skingkos_, a kind of lizard, _eidos_, form.]
SCINDAPSUS, sin-dap'sus, _n._ a genus of climbing plants.
SCINTILLA, sin-til'a, _n._ a spark: a glimmer: the least particle: a trace:
a genus of bivalve molluscs: a genus of lepidopterous insects.--_adjs._
SCIN'TILLANT; SCIN'TILLANTE (_mus._), brilliant.--_v.i._ SCIN'TILLATE, to
throw out sparks: to sparkle.--_n._ SCINTILL[=A]'TION, act of throwing out
sparks: shining with a twinkling light.--_adj._ SCINTILLES'CENT,
scintillating feebly.--_n._ SCINTILLOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring
the intensity of scintillation of the stars. [L., a spark.]
SCIOGRAPHY, s[=i]-og'ra-fi, _n._ Same as SCIAGRAPHY.
SCIOLISM, s[=i]'[=o]-lizm, _n._ superficial knowledge.--_n._ SC[=I]'OLIST,
one who knows anything superficially: a pretender to science.--_adjs._
SC[=I]OLIS'TIC, pertaining to, or partaking of, sciolism: pertaining to, or
resembling, a sciolist; SC[=I]'OLOUS. [L. _sciolus_, dim. of _scius_,
knowing--_sc[=i]re_, to know.]