SCALA, sk[=a]'la, _n._ (_surg._) an instrument for reducing dislocation: a
term applied to any one of the three canals of the cochlea:--_pl._
SC[=A]'LÆ.--_adj._ SC[=A]'LABLE, that may be scaled or climbed.--_ns._
SC[=A]LADE', an assault, as an escalade--also SCALÄ'DO; SC[=A]'LAR
(_math._), in the quaternion analysis, a quantity that has magnitude but
not direction.--_adj._ of the nature of a scalar.--_n.pl._ SCAL[=A]'RIA,
the ladder-shells or wentle-traps.--_adjs._ SC[=A]LAR'IFORM, shaped like a
ladder; SC[=A]'LARY, formed with steps. [L., a ladder.]
SCALAWAG, SCALLAWAG, skal'a-wag, _n._ an undersized animal of little value:
a scamp: a native Southern Republican, as opposed to a carpet-bagger,
during the period of reconstruction after the American Civil War. [From
_Scalloway_ in the Shetland Islands, in allusion to its small cattle.]
SCALD, skawld, _v.t._ to burn with hot liquid: to cook slightly, as fruit,
in hot water or steam: to cleanse thoroughly by rinsing with very hot
water.--_n._ a burn caused by hot liquid.--_ns._ SCALD'ER, one who scalds
vessels: a pot for scalding; SCALD'-FISH, a marine flat fish; SCALD'ING,
things scalded; SCALD'-RAG, a nickname for a dyer.--SCALDING HOT, so hot as
to scald. [O. Fr. _escalder_ (Fr. _échauder_)--Low L. _excald[=a]re_, to
bathe in warm water--_ex_, from, _calidus_, warm, hot.]
SCALD, SKALD, skald, _n._ one of the ancient Scandinavian poets.--_adj._
SCALD'IC, relating to, or composed by, the Scalds. [Ice. _skáld_.]
SCALD, skawld, _n._ scurf on the head.--_adj._ scurfy, paltry, poor.--_ns._
SCALD'BERRY, the blackberry; SCALD'-CROW, the hooded crow; SCALD'-HEAD, a
fungous parasitic disease of the scalp, favus. [_Scall._]
SCALDINO, skal-d[=e]'n[=o], _n._ an Italian earthenware brazier:--_pl._
SCALDI'NI. [It.]
SCALE, sk[=a]l, _n._ a ladder: series of steps: a graduated measure:
(_mus._) a series of all the tones ascending or descending from the keynote
to its octave, called the gamut: the order of a numeral system: gradation:
proportion: series.--_v.t._ to mount, as by a ladder: to ascend: to draw in
true proportion: to measure logs: to decrease proportionally, as every
part.--_v.i._ to lead up by steps: (_Scot._) to disperse, to spill, to
spread as manure.--_ns._ SCALE'-BOARD (_print._), a thin slip of wood for
extending a page to its true length, making types register, securing
uniformity of margin, &c.; SCALE'-PIPETTE', a tubular pipette with a
graduated scale for taking up definite quantities of liquid;
SCAL'ING-LADD'ER, a ladder used for the escalade of an enemy's fortress: a
fireman's ladder: (_her._) a bearing representing a ladder, with two hooks
and two ferrules. [L. _scala_, a ladder--_scand[)e]re_, to mount.]
SCALE, sk[=a]l, _n._ one of the small, thin plates on a fish or reptile: a
thin layer: a husk: the covering of the leaf-buds of deciduous trees: a
piece of cuticle that is squamous or horny: a flake: an encrustation on the
side of a vessel in which water is heated.--_v.t._ to clear of scales: to
peel off in thin layers.--_v.i._ to come off in thin layers.--_ns._
SCALE'-ARM'OUR, armour consisting of scales of metal overlapping each
other: plate-mail; SCALE'-BACK, a marine worm covered with scales.--_adjs._
SCALE'-BEAR'ING, having scales, as the sea-mice; SCALED, having scales:
covered with scales.--_ns._ SCALE'-DOVE, an American dove having the
plumage marked as with scales; SCALE'-FISH, a dry cured fish, as the
haddock; SCALE'-FOOT, the scabbard-fish; SCALE'-IN'SECT, any insect of the
homopterous family _Coccidæ_.--_adj._ SCALE'LESS, without scales, as the
scaleless amphibians.--_n._ SCALE'-MOSS, certain plants which resemble
moss.--_adj._ SCALE'-PATT'ERN, having a pattern resembling scales.--_ns._
SCALE'-QUAIL, an American quail having scale-like markings of the plumage;
SC[=A]'LER, one who makes a business of scaling fish: an instrument used by
dentists in removing tartar.--_adjs._ SCALE'-TAILED, having scales on the
under side of the tail; SCALE'-WINGED, having the wings covered with minute
scales, as a butterfly.--_ns._ SCALE'-WORK, scales lapping over each other;
SCALE'-WORM, a scale-back: SCAL'INESS, the state of being scaly: roughness;
SCAL'ING, the process of removing scales from a fish, or encrustations from
the interior of a boiler; SCAL'ING-FUR'NACE, a furnace in which plates of
iron are heated for the purpose of scaling them, as in tinning.--_adj._
SCAL'Y, covered with scales: like scales: shabby: (_bot._) formed of
scales. [A.S. _sceale_, _scale_, the scale of a fish; Ger. _schale_,
shell.]
SCALE, sk[=a]l, _n._ the dish of a balance: a balance, as to turn the
scale--chiefly in _pl._: (_pl._) Libra, one of the signs of the
zodiac.--_v.t._ to weigh, as in scales: to estimate.--_ns._ SCALE'-BEAM,
the beam or lever of a balance; SCALE'-MICROM'ETER, in a telescope, a
graduated scale for measuring distances; SC[=A]L'ING, the process of
adjusting sights to a ship's guns.--BEAM AND SCALES, a balance; GUNTER'S
SCALE, a scale for solving mechanically problems in navigation and
surveying. [A.S. _scále_, a balance; Dut. _schaal_, Ger. _schale_; allied
to preceding word.]
SCALENE, sk[=a]-l[=e]n', _adj._ (_geom._) having three unequal sides;
(_anat._) obliquely situated and unequal-sided.--_n._ a scalene triangle:
one of several triangular muscles.--_ns._ SC[=A]LENOH[=E]'DRON, a pyramidal
form under the rhombohedral system, enclosed by twelve faces, each a
scalene triangle; SC[=A]L[=E]'NUM, a scalene triangle; SC[=A]L[=E]'NUS, a
scalene muscle. [Fr.,--L. _scalenus_--Gr. _skal[=e]nos_, uneven.]
SCALIOLA=_Scagliola_ (q.v.).
SCALL, skawl, _n._ (_B._) a scab: scabbiness: in mining, loose
ground.--_adj._ mean.--_adjs._ SCALLED, SCALD, scabby: mean. [Ice.
_skalli_, bald head.]
SCALLION, skal'yun, _n._ the shallot: the leek: the onion. [L. _Ascalonia_
(_cæpia_), Ascalon (onion).]
SCALLOP, skol'up, _n._ a bivalve having a sub-circular shell with sinuous
radiating ridges: one of a series of curves in the edge of anything: a
shallow dish in which oysters, &c., are cooked, baked, and browned.--_v.t._
to cut the edge or border into scallops or curves: to cook in a scallop
with crumbs of bread, &c.--_p.adj._ SCALL'OPED, having the edge or border
cut into scallops or curves.--_ns._ SCALL'OP MOTH, a name applied to
several geometrid moths; SCALL'OP-SHELL, a scallop, or the shell of one,
the badge of a pilgrim. [O. Fr. _escalope_--Old Dut. _schelpe_, a shell;
cf. Ger. _schelfe_, a husk.]
SCALMA, skal'ma, _n._ a disease of horses. [Old High Ger. _scalmo_,
pestilence; cf. _Schelm_.]
SCALOPS, sk[=a]'lops, _n._ a genus of American shrew-moles. [Gr. _skalops_,
a mole--_skallein_, to dig.]
SCALP, skalp, _n._ the outer covering of the skull or brain-case, including
the skin, the expanded tendon of the occipito-frontalis muscle, with
intermediate cellular tissue and blood-vessels: the skin on which the hair
grows: the skin of the top of the head, together with the hair, torn off as
a token of victory by the North American Indians: the skin of the head of a
noxious wild animal: (_her._) the skin of the head of a stag with the horns
attached: a bed of oysters or mussels (Scot. _Scaup_).--_v.t._ to cut the
scalp from: to flay: to lay bare: to deprive of grass: to sell at less than
recognised rates: to destroy the political influence of.--_ns._ SCAL'PER,
one who scalps; a machine for removing the ends of grain, as wheat or rye,
or for separating the different grades of broken wheat, semolina, &c.: one
who buys and sells railroad tickets, &c., at less than the official rates,
a ticket-broker: an instrument used by surgeons for scraping carious bones
(also SCAL'PING-[=I]'RON); SCAL'PING-KNIFE, a knife, formerly a sharp
stone, used by the Indians of North America for scalping their enemies;
SCAL'PING-TUFT, a scalp-lock.--_adj._ SCALP'LESS, having no scalp,
bald.--_n._ SCALP'-LOCK, a long tuft of hair left by the North American
Indians as a challenge. [Old Dut. _schelpe_, a shell; cf. Ger. _schelfe_, a
husk; a doublet of _scallop_.]
SCALPEL, skalp'el, _n._ a small surgical knife for dissecting and
operating.--_n._ SCALPEL'LUM, one of the four filamentous organs in the
proboscis of hemipterous insects:--_pl._ SCALPEL'LA.--_adj._ SCAL'PRIFORM,
chisel-shaped, specifically said of the incisor teeth of rodents. [L.
_scalpellum_, dim. of _scalprum_, a knife--_scalp[)e]re_, to cut.]
SCAMBLE, skam'bl, _v.i._ (_obs._) to scramble: to sprawl.--_v.t._ to
mangle: to squander.--_ns._ SCAM'BLER, a meal-time visitor; SCAM'BLING, a
hasty meal.--_n.pl._ SCAM'BLING-DAYS, days in which meat is scarce.--_adv._
SCAM'BLINGLY, strugglingly. [Ety. dub.; prob. related to _shamble_.]
SCAMEL, SCAMMEL, skam'el, _n._ a bar-tailed godwit.
SCAMILLUS, sk[=a]-mil'us, _n._ a second plinth under a column:--_pl._
SCAMILL'I ([=i]). [L.]
SCAMMONY, skam'o-ni, _n._ a cathartic gum-resin obtained from a species of
convolvulus in Asia Minor.--_adj._ SCAMM[=O]'NIATE, made with scammony.
[Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _skamm[=o]nia_; prob. Persian.]
SCAMP, skamp, _n._ a vagabond: a mean fellow.--_v.i._ SCAM'PER, to run with
speed and trepidation.--_n._ a rapid run.--_adj._ SCAM'PISH, rascally. [O.
Fr. _escamper_, to flee--It. _scampare_, to escape--L. _ex_, out, campus, a
battlefield.]
SCAMP, skamp, _v.t._ to do work in a dishonest manner without
thoroughness--also SKIMP.--_n._ SCAM'PER. [Prob. Ice. _skamta_, to dole
out, to stint.]
SCAN, skan, _v.t._ to count the feet in a verse: to examine carefully: to
scrutinise.--_v.i._ to agree with the rules of metre:--_pr.p._ scan'ning;
_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ scanned.--_ns._ SCAN'NING; SCAN'SION, act of counting
the measures in a verse. [Fr. _scander_, to scan--L. _scand[)e]re_,
_scansum_, to climb.]
SCAND, skand, _pa.t._ of _v.i._ (_Spens._) climbed.
SCANDAL, skan'dal, _n._ something said which is false and injurious to
reputation: disgrace: opprobrious censure.--_v.t._ to defame, to
aspire.--_ns._ SCAN'DAL-BEAR'ER, a propagator of malicious gossip;
SCANDALIS[=A]'TION, defamation.--_v.t._ SCAN'DALISE, to give scandal or
offence to: to shock: to reproach: to disgrace: to libel.--_n._
SCAN'DAL-MONG'ER, one who deals in defamatory reports.--_adj._ SCAN'DALOUS,
giving scandal or offence: calling forth condemnation: openly vile:
defamatory.--_adv._ SCAN'DALOUSLY.--_ns._ SCAN'DALOUSNESS;
SCAN'DALUM-MAGN[=A]'TUM, speaking slanderously of high personages, abbrev.
_Scan. Mag._ [Fr. _scandale_--L. _scandalum_--Gr. _skandalon_, a
stumbling-block.]
SCANDALISE, skan'da-l[=i]z, _v.t._ to trice up the tack of the spanker in a
square-rigged vessel, or the mainsail in a fore-and-aft rigged one.
[_Scantle_.]
SCANDENT, skan'dent, _adj._ climbing, as a tendril.
SCANDINAVIAN, skan-di-n[=a]'vi-an, _adj._ of _Scandinavia_, the peninsula
divided into Norway and Sweden, but, in a historical sense, applying also
to Denmark and Iceland.--_n._ a native of Scandinavia. [L. _Scandinavia_,
_Scandia_.]
SCANDIUM, skan'di-um, _n._ an element discovered in 1879 in the
Scandinavian mineral euxenite.
SCANDIX, skan'diks, _n._ a genus of umbelliferous plants, including
shepherd's purse, Venus's comb, &c. [L.,--Gr., chervil.]
SCANSION. See SCAN.
SCANSORES, skan-s[=o]'r[=e]z, _n.pl._ an old order of birds generally
characterised by having two toes before opposed by two behind, by which
they are enabled to climb.--_adj._ SCANS[=O]'RIAL, habitually climbing, as
a bird: formed for climbing.--_n._ SCANS[=O]'RIUS, a muscle passing from
the ilium to the femur in some vertebrata. [Low L., pl. of _scansor_,
_scansoris_, a climber--L. _scand[)e]re_, _scansum_, to climb.]
SCANT, skant, _adj._ not full or plentiful; scarcely sufficient:
deficient.--_n._ scarcity: lack.--_adv._ scarcely: scantily.--_v.t._ and
_v.i._ to limit: to stint: to begrudge.--_adv._ SCAN'TILY.--_ns._
SCAN'TINESS; SCAN'-TITY (_obs._).--_adv._ SCANT'LY, not fully or
sufficiently, scarcely: narrowly: penuriously: scantily.--_ns._ SCANT'NESS,
the condition or quality of being scant: smallness: insufficiency;
SCANT'-OF-GRACE, a good-for-nothing fellow: a scapegrace.--_adj._ SCANT'Y,
scant, not copious or full: hardly sufficient: wanting extent: narrow:
small. [Ice. _skamt_, short, narrow, neut. of _skammr_, short.]
SCANTLE, skan'tl, _v.t._ to divide into pieces: to partition.--_ns._
SCANT'LET, a small pattern; SCANT'LING, a little piece: a piece or quantity
cut for a particular purpose: a certain proportion.--SCANTLING NUMBER, a
number computed from the known dimensions of a ship. [O. Fr.
_eschantillon_, a small cantle, _escanteler_, to break into
cantles--_es_--L. _ex_, out, _cantel_, _chantel_, a cantle.]
SCANTLE, skan'tl, _v.i._ to fail: to be deficient.--_n._ a gauge by which
slates are measured. [Prob. _scant_.]
SCAPANUS, skap'a-nus, _n._ a genus of North American shrew-moles. [Gr.
_skapan[=e]_, a mattock.]
SCAPE, sk[=a]p, _n._ an escape: a freak or fault.--_v.t._ to escape from:
to miss: to shun.--_ns._ SCAPE'GALLOWS, one who deserves hanging: a
villain; SCAPE'GRACE, a graceless hare-brained fellow. [A contr. of
_escape_.]
SCAPE, sk[=a]p, _n._ (_bot._) a long, naked, radical peduncle: (_entom._)
the basal joint of antennæ: (_ornith._) the stem of a feather: (_archit._)
the shaft of a column.--_adjs._ SCAPE'LESS (_bot._), wanting a scape;
SCAP'IFORM, scape-like; SCAPIG'EROUS, scape-bearing. [L., _scapus_, Gr.
_skapos_, a shaft; cf. _sk[=e]ptron_, a staff.]
SCAPE, sk[=a]p, _n._ the cry of the snipe when flushed: the snipe itself.
[Prob. imit.]
SCAPEGOAT, sk[=a]p'g[=o]t, _n._ a goat on which, once a year, the Jewish
high-priest laid symbolically the sins of the people, and which was then
allowed to escape into the wilderness (Levit. xvi.): one who is made to
bear the misdeeds of another. [_Escape_ and _goat_.]
SCAPEMENT, sk[=a]p'ment, _n._ the same as ESCAPEMENT.--_n._ SCAPE'-WHEEL,
the wheel which drives the pendulum of a clock. [_Escapement_.]
SCAPHA, sk[=a]'fa, _n._ the scaphoid fossa of the helix of the ear. [L., a
skiff.]
SCAPHANDER, sk[=a]-fan'd[.e]r, _n._ a diver's water-tight suit; a genus of
gasteropods. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man.]
SCAPHARCA, sk[=a]-far'ka, _n._ a genus of bivalve molluscs. [L. _scapha_, a
skiff.]
SCAPHIDIUM, sk[=a]-fid'i-um, _n._ a genus of clavicorn beetles. [Gr.
_skaphidion_, dim. of _skaph[=e]_, a skiff.]
SCAPHIOPOD, skaf'i-[=o]-pod, _adj._ spade-footed.--_n._ a spade-footed
toad. [Gr. _skaphion_, a spade, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]
SCAPHIRHYNCHUS, skaf-i-ring'kus, _n._ a genus of tyrant-flycatchers: the
shovel-heads or shovel-nosed sturgeons. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a skiff,
_rhyngchos_, snout.]
SCAPHISM, skaf'izm, _n._ a Persian punishment by which the victim was
fastened in a hollow tree, and smeared over with honey to attract wasps,
&c. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, anything hollowed out.]
SCAPHITES, sk[=a]-f[=i]'tez, _n._ a genus of fossil cephalopods of the
ammonite family. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat.]
SCAPHIUM, sk[=a]'fi-um, _n._ the keel of papilionaceous flowers: a genus of
coleopterous insects. [L.,--Gr. _skaphion_, a basin.]
SCAPHOCEPHALIC, skaf-[=o]-se-fal'ik, _adj._ boat-shaped, a term applied to
a certain kind of deformed skull. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat, _kephal[=e]_, a
head.]
SCAPHOID, skaf'oid, _adj._ boat-like in form, noting two bones, one in the
wrist and the other in the foot. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat, _eidos_, form.]
SCAPHOPOD, skaf'[=o]-pod, _adj._ having the foot fitted for burrowing, as a
mollusc. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]
SCAPINADE, skap-i-n[=a]d', _n._ a process of trickery--from the name of the
tricky valet in Molière's comedy, _Les Fourberies de Scapin_.
SCAP-NET, skap'-net, _n._ a net for catching minnows, &c. [Same as
_scoop-net_.]
SCAPOLITE, skap'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a silicate of alumina and lime, occurring
in long rod-like crystals. [Gr. _skapos_, a rod, _lithos_, a stone.]
SCAPPLE, skap'l, _v.t._ to work without finishing, as stone before leaving
the quarry. [_Scabble_.]
SCAPULA, skap'[=u]-la, _n._ the shoulder-blade.--_adj._ SCAP'[=U]LAR,
pertaining to the shoulder.--_n._ a bandage for the shoulder-blade:
(_ornith._) the shoulder feathers: a long strip of cloth worn by some
orders: two little pieces of cloth tied together by strings passing over
the shoulders, worn by lay persons in token of devotion: a short cloak with
a hood, a monastic working dress.--_adj._ SCAP'[=U]LARY, in form like a
scapular.--_n._ a scapular.--_adj._ SCAP'[=U]LATED, having the scapular
feathers notable in size or colour, as the scapulated crow.--_n._
SCAP'[=U]LIMANCY. divination by means of shoulder-blades.--_adj._
SCAPULIMAN'TIC. [L. _scapulæ_, the shoulder-blades, prob. cog. with
_scapus_, a shaft.]
SCAPUS, sk[=a]'pus, _n._ (_archit._) the shaft of a column: (_ornith._) the
scape of a feather: a genus of Coelenterates:--_pl._ SC[=A]'PI ([=i]). [L.,
a shaft.]
SCAR, skär, _n._ the mark left by a wound or sore: any mark or blemish: a
cicatrice: (_fig._) any mark resulting from injury, material or moral:
(_bot._) a mark on a stem after the fall of a leaf: in shells, an
impression left by the insertion of a muscle: in founding, an imperfect
place in a casting: a disfigurement.--_v.t._ to mark with a scar.--_v.i._
to become scarred:--_pr.p._ scar'ring; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._
scarred.--_adjs._ SCAR'LESS, without scars: unwounded; SCARRED. [O. Fr.
_escare_--L. _eschara_--Gr. _eschara_, a scar produced by burning.]
SCAR, skär, _n._ a precipitous bank or rock: a bare rocky place on the side
of a hill.--_n._ SCAR'-LIME'STONE, a mass of calcareous rock crowded with
marine fossils. [Scand., Ice. _sker_--_skera_, to cut.]
SCARAB, skar'ab, _n._ an insect with wing-sheaths, a beetle: a gem, usually
emerald, cut in the form of a beetle--also SCARABÆ'US, SCAR'ABEE.--_n._
SCAR'ABOID, an imitation scarab.--_adj._ like a scarab. [L. _scarabæus_;
Gr. _karabos_.]
SCARAMOUCH, skar'a-mowch, _n._ a buffoon: a bragging, cowardly fellow.
[Fr.,--It. _Scaramuccia_, a famous Italian zany of the 17th century.]
SCARBROITE, skär'br[=o]-[=i]t, _n._ a hydrous silicate of aluminium--from
_Scarborough_.
SCARCE, sk[=a]rs, _adj._ not plentiful: not equal to the demand: rare: not
common: parsimonious: deficient: short: scanty.--_adj._ SCARCE'-BEARD'ED
(_Shak._), having a scanty beard.--_adv._ SCARCE'LY, SCARCE (_B._), hardly,
barely.--_ns._ SCARCE'MENT (_archit._), a plain set-off or projection in a
wall; SCARCE'NESS; SCARC'ITY, state of being scarce: deficiency: rareness:
niggardliness: want: famine.--MAKE ONE'S SELF SCARCE, to decamp. [O. Fr.
_escars_ (Fr. _échars_), niggardly--Low L. _scarpsus_=_ex-carpsus_, for L.
_excerptus_, pa.p. of _excerp[=e]re_--_ex_, out of, _carp[=e]re_, to pick.]
SCARD, skärd, _n._ a shard or fragment.
SCARDAFELLA, skär-da-fel'a, _n._ an American genus containing the
ground-doves.
SCARE, sk[=a]r, _v.t._ to drive away by frightening: to strike with sudden
terror: to startle, to affright.--_n._ an imaginary alarm: a sudden
panic.--_adj._ lean, scanty.--_ns._ SCARE'-BABE, a bugbear; SCARE'-BUG;
SCARE'CROW, anything set up to scare away crows or other birds: a vain
cause of terror: a person meanly clad: the black tern; SCARE'-FIRE, a
fire-alarm: a conflagration. [M. E. _skerren_--_skerre_, frightened--Ice.
_skjarr_, timid.]
SCARF, skärf, _n._ a light decorative piece of dress worn loosely on the
shoulders or as a band about the neck: a light handkerchief for the neck: a
cravat:--_pl._ SCARFS, SCARVES (_obs._).--_v.t._ to cover, as if with a
scarf.--_adj._ SCARFED, decorated with pendants.--_ns._ SCARF'-PIN, an
ornamental pin worn in a scarf; SCARF'-RING, an ornamental ring through
which the ends or a scarf are drawn. [A.S. _scearfe_, a piece; Dut.
_scherf_, a shred.]
SCARF, skärf, _v.t._ to join two pieces of timber endwise, so that they may
appear to be used as one: to flay the skin from a whale.--_n._ in
carpentry, a joint whose ends are united so as to form a continuous
piece.--_ns._ SCAR'FING; SCARF'ING-MACHINE', a machine for shaving the ends
of leather belting to a feather edge; SCARF'-JOINT, a joint made by
overlapping two pieces of timber that will fit each other; SCARF'-LOOM, a
figure loom for weaving fabrics. [Scand., Sw. _skarf_, Norw. _skarv_, a
joint; cf. Ger. _scherben_, to cut small; conn. with _shear_, v.]