SACK, sak, _n._ a large bag of coarse cloth for holding grain, flour, &c.:
the contents of a sack: (also SACQUE) a woman's gown, loose at the back, a
short coat rounded at the bottom: a measure of varying capacity.--_v.t._ to
put into a sack: (_slang_) to dismiss.--_ns._ SACK'-BEAR'ER, any bombycid
moth of the family _Psychidæ_; SACK'CLOTH, cloth for sacks: coarse cloth
formerly worn in mourning or penance.--_adj._ SACK'CLOTHED.--_ns._
SACKED'-FR[=I]'AR, a monk who wore a coarse upper garment called a
_saccus_; SACK'ER, a machine for filling sacks; SACK'-FIL'TER, a
bag-filter; SACK'FUL, as much as a sack will hold; SACK'-HOIST, a
continuous hoist for raising sacks in warehouses; SACK'ING, coarse cloth or
canvas for sacks, bed-bottoms, &c.; SACK'-PACK'ER, in milling, a machine
for automatically filling a flour-sack; SACK'-RACE, a race in which the
legs of competitors are encased in sacks.--GET THE SACK, to be dismissed or
rejected; GIVE THE SACK, to dismiss. [A.S. _sacc_--L. _saccus_--Gr.
_sakkos_--Heb. _saq_, a coarse cloth or garment, prob. Egyptian.]
SACK, sak, _v.t._ to plunder: to ravage.--_n._ the plunder or devastation
of a town: pillage.--_ns._ SACK'AGE; SACK'ING, the storming and pillaging
of a town.--_adj._ bent on pillaging.--SACK AND FORK (_Scot._), the power
of drowning and hanging. [Fr. _sac_, a sack, plunder (_saccager_, to
sack)--L. _saccus_, a sack.]
SACK, sak, _n._ the old name of a dry Spanish wine of the sherry genus, the
favourite drink of Falstaff.--_n._ SACK'-POSS'ET, posset made with
sack.--BURNT SACK, mulled sack. [Fr. _sec_ (Sp. _seco_)--L. _siccus_, dry.]
SACKBUT, sak'but, _n._ a kind of trumpet, the predecessor of the trombone:
(_B._) a kind of stringed instrument resembling the guitar. [Fr.
_saquebute_--Sp. _sacabuche_--_sacar_, to draw out, _buche_, the maw or
stomach, prob. Old High Ger. _b[=u]h_ (Ger. _bauch_), the belly.]
SACK-DOODLE, sak-d[=oo]d'l, _v.i._ to play on the bagpipe.
SACKLESS, sak'les, _adj._ (_Scot._) guiltless: innocent: guileless. [A.S.
_sacleás_, without strife, _sacu_, strife, _-leás_, -less.]
SACODES, s[=a]-k[=o]'d[=e]z, _n._ a genus of beetles of the family
_Cyphonidæ_. [Gr. _sakos_, a shield, _eidos_, form.]
SACQUE, sak. See SACK (1).
SACRA, s[=a]'kra, _n._ a sacral artery:--_pl._ S[=A]'CRÆ (-KR[=E]).
SACRAL, s[=a]'kral, _adj._ See SACRUM.
SACRAMENT, sak'ra-ment, _n._ an holy ordinance instituted by Christ as an
outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace (_Baptism_ and
the _Lord's Supper_--amongst Roman Catholics, also _Confirmation_,
_Penance_, _Holy Orders_, _Matrimony_, and _Extreme Unction_): the Lord's
Supper specially: an oath of obedience taken by Roman soldiers on
enlistment: any solemn obligation: materials used in a sacrament.--_v.t._
to bind by an oath.--_adj._ SACRAMEN'TAL, belonging to or constituting a
sacrament.--_ns._ SACRAMEN'TALISM, the attachment of excessive importance
to the sacraments: the doctrine that there is in the sacraments themselves
a special direct spiritual efficacy to confer grace; SACRAMEN'TALIST, one
who holds this view.--_adv._ SACRAMEN'TALLY.--_ns._ SACRAMENT[=A]'RIAN, one
who holds a high or extreme view of the efficacy of the sacraments:
(_obs._) one who rejects the doctrine of the real presence in the sacrament
of the Lord's Supper; SACRAMENT[=A]'RIANISM, the holding of extreme views
with regard to the efficacy of sacraments.--_adj._ SACRAMEN'TARY,
pertaining to the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, or to the
sacramentarians.--_n._ a book containing all the prayers and ceremonies
used at the celebration of the R.C. sacraments: a sacramentarian. [L.
_sacramentum_, a sacred thing--_sacr[=a]re_, to consecrate--_sacer_,
sacred.]
SACRARIUM, s[=a]-kr[=a]'ri-um, _n._ the part of a church where the altar
is, the sanctuary: in ancient Rome, any sacred place, the place where the
Penates were stored.--_n._ SAC'RARY (_obs._), a holy place.--_v.t._
S[=A]'CRATE (_obs._), to consecrate.
SACRARIUM, s[=a]-kr[=a]'ri-um, _n._ the complex sacrum of any bird.
SACRE. Same as SAKER.
SACRED, s[=a]'kred, _adj._ set apart or dedicated, esp. to God: made holy:
proceeding from God: religious: entitled to respect or veneration:
inviolable: devoted to destruction: opposed to _secular_, as sacred music
or history: not liable to punishment.--_adv._ S[=A]'CREDLY.--_n._
S[=A]'CREDNESS.--SACRED APE, the hanuman of India; SACRED BEETLE, an
Egyptian scarab; SACRED CAT, the house cat of Egypt, sacred to Pasht;
SACRED FISH, one of the fresh-water fishes of the Nile; SACRED HEART
(R.C.), the physical heart of Christ, adored with special devotion since
the 18th century. [O. Fr. _sacrer_--L. _sacr[=a]re_--L. _sacer_, sacred.]
SACRIFICATI, sak-ri-fi-k[=a]'t[=i], _n.pl._ in the early church, those who
sacrificed to idols in persecution, but returned as penitents afterwards.
SACRIFICE, sak'ri-f[=i]s, _v.t._ to offer up, esp. on the altar of a
divinity: to destroy or give up for something else: to devote or destroy
with loss or suffering: to kill.--_v.i._ to make offerings to God.--_n._
the fundamental institution of all natural religions, primarily a
sacramental meal at which the communicants are a deity and his worshippers,
and the elements the flesh and blood of a sacred victim: the act of
sacrificing or offering to a deity, esp. a victim on an altar: that which
is sacrificed or offered: destruction or loss of anything to gain some
object: that which is given up, destroyed, or lost for some end: mere loss
of profit.--_n._ SACRIF'ICANT, one who offers a sacrifice.--_adj._
SACRIF'IC[=A]TORY, offering sacrifice.--_n._ SAC'RIFICER, a priest.--_adj._
SACRIFI'CIAL, relating to, or consisting in, sacrifice: performing
sacrifice.--_adv._ SACRIFI'CIALLY.--SACRIFICE HIT, in base-ball, a hit to
enable another player to score or to gain a base.--EUCHARISTIC SACRIFICE,
the supposed constant renewal of the sacrifice of Christ in the mass. [O.
Fr.,--L. _sacrificium_--_sacer_, sacred, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]
SACRILEGE, sak'ri-lej, _n._ profanation of a sacred place or thing: the
breaking into a place of worship and stealing therefrom.--_n._ SAC'RILEGER
(_obs._).--_adj._ SACRIL[=E]'GIOUS, polluted with sacrilege: profane:
violating sacred things.--_adv._ SACRIL[=E]'GIOUSLY.--_ns._
SACRIL[=E]'GIOUSNESS; SAC'RIL[=E]GIST, one guilty of sacrilege. [Fr.
_sacrilège_--L. _sacrilegium_--_sacer_, sacred, _leg[)e]re_, to gather.]
SACRIST, s[=a]'krist, _n._ a sacristan: a person in a cathedral who copies
out music for the choir and takes care of the books.--_ns._ S[=A]'CRING,
consecration; S[=A]'CRING-BELL, in R.C. churches, a small bell rung to call
attention to the more solemn parts of the service of the mass; SAC'RISTAN,
an officer in a church who has charge of the sacred vessels and other
movables: a sexton; SAC'RISTY, an apartment in a church where the sacred
utensils, vestments, &c. are kept: vestry. [Low L. _sacristia_, a vestry,
_sacristanus_, _sacrista_, a sacristan--L. _sacer_.]
SACROSANCT, sak'r[=o]-sangkt, _adj._ very sacred or inviolable.--_n._
SACROSANC'TITY. [L. _sacrosanctus_--_sacer_, sacred, _sanctus_, pa.p. of
_sanc[=i]re_, to hallow.]
SACRUM, s[=a]'krum, _n._ a triangular bone situated at the lower part of
the vertebral column (of which it is a natural continuation), and wedged
between the two innominate bones, so as to form the keystone to the pelvic
arch.--_adj._ S[=A]'CRAL.--_n._ S[=A]CRAL'GIA, pain in the region of the
sacrum.--_adjs._ S[=A]CROCOS'TAL, connected with the sacrum and having the
character of a rib (also _n._); S[=A]CROIL'IAC, pertaining to the sacrum
and ilium; S[=A]CROLUM'BAR, pertaining to sacral and lumbar vertebræ;
S[=A]CROP[=U]'BIC, pertaining to the sacrum and to the pubes;
S[=A]CROREC'TAL, pertaining to the sacrum and the rectum; S[=A]CROSCIAT'IC,
pertaining to the sacrum and the hip; S[=A]CROVER'TEBRAL, pertaining to the
sacrum and that part of the vertebral column immediately anterior to it.
[L. _sacrum_ (_os_, bone), sacred.]
SAD, sad (comp. SAD'DER, superl. SAD'DEST), _adj._ sorrowful: serious: cast
down: calamitous: weary: sombre: stiff: doughy: dejected: troublesome:
sober, dark-coloured: (_obs._) ponderous, heavy.--_v.t._ to grieve.--_v.t._
SAD'DEN, to make sad: to render heavy: to grow hard.--_v.i._ to grow
sad.--_adjs._ SAD'-EYED (_Shak._), having an expression of sadness in the
eyes; SAD'-FACED (_Shak._), having an expression of sadness in the face;
SAD'-HEART'ED (_Shak._), having the heart full of sadness.--_adv._
SAD'LY.--_n._ SAD'NESS. [A.S. _sæd_, sated, weary; cf. Dut. _zat_, Ger.
_satt_; L. _sat_, _satis_.]
SADDENING, sad'n-ing, _n._ a method of applying mordants in dyeing and
printing cloths, so as to give duller shades to the colours employed.
SADDLE, sad'l, _n._ a seat or pad, generally of leather, for a horse's
back: anything like a saddle, as a saddle of mutton, veal, or venison--a
butcher's cut, including a part of the backbone with the ribs on one side:
a part of the harness used for drawing a vehicle: the seat on a bicycle:
(_naut._) a block of wood fastened to some spar, and shaped to receive the
end of another spar.--_v.t._ to put a saddle on, to load: to
encumber.--_n._ SADD'LE-BACK, a hill or its summit when shaped like a
saddle: a raccoon oyster: the great black-backed gull: the harp-seal: a
variety of domestic geese: the larva of the bombycid moth: (_archit._) a
coping thicker in the middle than at the edges.--_adj._ SADD'LE-BACKED,
having a low back and an elevated head and neck.--_ns._ SADD'LE-BAG, one of
two bags united by straps for carrying on horseback; SADD'LE-BAR, a bar for
sustaining glass in a stained-glass window; SADD'LE-BLANK'ET, a small
blanket folded under a saddle; SADD'LE-BOW, the arched front of a saddle
from which the weapon often hung; SADD'LE-CLOTH, the housing or cloth
placed under a saddle.--_n.pl._ SADD'LE-FEATH'ERS, the long slender
feathers which droop from the saddle or rump of the domestic cock.--_ns._
SADD'LE-GIRTH, a band passing round the body of a horse to hold the saddle
in its place; SADD'LE-HORSE, a horse suitable for riding; SADD'LE-JOINT, a
joint made in plates of sheet-iron so that the margins interlock: (_anat._)
a joint admitting movement in every direction except axial rotation;
SADD'LE-LAP, the skirt of a saddle; SADD'LE-PLATE, the bent plate which
forms the arch of the furnace in locomotive steam-boilers; SADD'LE-QUERN,
an ancient quern for grinding grain; SADD'LER, a maker of saddles: the
harp-seal; SADD'LE-ROCK, a variety of the oyster; SADD'LE-ROOF, a roof
having two gables; SADD'LER-COR'PORAL, a non-commissioned officer in the
household cavalry, with the charge of the saddles; SADD'LER-SER'GEANT, a
sergeant in the cavalry who has charge of the saddlers: (_U.S._) a
non-commissioned staff-officer of a cavalry regiment; SADD'LERY, occupation
of a saddler: materials for saddles: articles sold by a saddler.--_adjs._
SADD'LE-SHAPED, shaped like a saddle: (_bot._) bent down at the sides:
(_geol._) bent down at each side of a ridge; SADD'LE-SICK, galled with much
riding.--_ns._ SADD'LE-TREE, the frame of a saddle.--PUT THE SADDLE ON THE
RIGHT HORSE, to impute blame where it is deserved. [A.S. _sadol_, _sadel_;
cf. Dut. _zadel_, Ger. _sattel_.]
SADDUCEE, sad'[=u]-s[=e], _n._ one of a Jewish sceptical school or party of
aristocratic traditionists in New Testament times.--adj. SADD[=U]C[=E]'AN,
of or relating to the Sadducees.--_ns._ SADD[=U]CEE'ISM, SADD'[=U]CISM,
scepticism. [Gr. _Saddoukaios_--Heb. _Tsed[=u]q[=i]m_, from their supposed
founder _Zadok_, or from the race of the _Zadokites_, a family of priests
at Jerusalem since the time of Solomon.]
SADINA, sa-d[=e]'na, _n._ a clupeoid fish resembling a sardine. [Sp.
_sardina_.]
SAD-IRON, sad'-[=i]'urn, _n._ a smoothing-iron: a box-iron.
SADR, sad'r, _n._ the lote-bush.
SAD-TREE, sad'-tr[=e], _n._ the night jasmine.
SAE, s[=a], _adv._ the Scotch form of _so_.
SAFE, s[=a]f, _adj._ unharmed: free from danger or injury: secure: securing
from danger or injury: no longer dangerous: clear: trusty: sound:
certain.--_n._ a chest or closet for money, &c., safe against fire,
thieves, &c., generally of iron: a chest or cupboard for meats: (_coll._) a
safety-bicycle.--_v.t._ to safeguard.--_v.t._ SAFE'-CONDUCT'
(_Spens._).--_ns._ SAFE'-CON'DUCT, a writing, passport, or guard granted to
a person to enable him to travel with safety; SAFE'-DEPOS'IT, a safe
storage for valuables; SAFE'GUARD, he who, or that which, guards or renders
safe: protection: a guard, passport, or warrant to protect a traveller: a
rail-guard at railway switches: (_zool._) a monitor lizard.--_v.t._ to
protect.--_n._ SAFE'-KEEP'ING, preservation from injury or from
escape.--_adv._ SAFE'LY, in a safe manner.--_ns._ SAFE'NESS; SAFE'-PLEDGE,
a surety for one's appearance at a day assigned; SAFE'TY, freedom from
danger or loss: close custody: a safeguard: SAFE'TY-ARCH (_archit._), an
arch built in the body of a wall to relieve the pressure, as over a door or
window; SAFE'TY-BELT, a belt made of some buoyant material, or capable of
being inflated, for helping a person to float; SAFE'TY-B[=I]'CYCLE, a
low-wheeled bicycle; SAFE'TY-BUOY, a buoy for helping a person to float: a
life-preserver; SAFE'TY-CAGE (_mining_), a cage by which a fall would be
prevented in case of the breakage of the rope by means of safety-catches;
SAFE'TY-CHAIN, a check-chain of a car-truck: a safety-link; SAFE'TY-FUSE, a
waterproof woven tube enclosing an inflammable substance which burns at a
regular rate; SAFE'TY-HOIST, a hoisting-gear so arranged as to prevent its
load being thrown precipitately down in case of accident; SAFE'TY-LAMP, a
lamp surrounded by wire-gauze, used for safety in mines on account of the
inflammable gases; SAFE'TY-LOCK, a lock that cannot be picked by ordinary
means: in firearms, a lock with some device for preventing accidental
discharge; SAFE'TY-MATCH, a match which can be ignited only on a surface
specially prepared for the purpose; SAFE'TY-P[=A]'PER, a paper so prepared
as to resist alteration by chemical or mechanical means; SAFE'TY-PIN, a pin
in the form of a clasp with a guard covering its point; SAFE'TY-PLUG, a
plug of soft metal in an opening in a steam-boiler, so as to melt when the
temperature rises to its fusing-point, and allow of an escape of steam;
SAFE'TY-REIN, a rein for preventing a horse from running away;
SAFE'TY-STOP, a contrivance for preventing accidents in machinery;
SAFE'TY-TUBE, a tube used in chemical operations to prevent the bursting of
vessels by gas, and for other purposes; SAFE'TY-VALVE, a valve in the top
of a steam-boiler, which lets out the steam when the pressure is too great
for safety. [O. Fr. _sauf_--L. _salvus_; prob. allied to _solus_.]
SAFFIAN, saf'i-an, _n._ a name applied to skins tanned with sumac and dyed
in bright colours. [Russ.]
SAFFLOWER, saf'flow-[.e]r, _n._ an annual herbaceous composite plant,
cultivated all over India for its red dye--_Carthamine_. [O. Fr. _saflor_,
through It. from Ar. _usf[=u]r_--_safr[=a]_, yellow.]