CHAP. I.
CATERPILLARS, _whose Bodies are_ SMOOTH, _producing_ BUTTERFLIES.
CLASS I.
SECT. _a._
CATERPILLARS _without any ~Protuberances~, whose ~Chrysalis~ is
fixed by the Tail, and hangs in an Horizontal Position, by Means of
a Thread fastened round the Back and on each Side, and producing_
SWALLOW-TAIL BUTTERFLIES.
L. 3. CH. 1. I. CL. 1. S. _a._ 1.
The SWALLOW-TAIL BUTTERFLY is produced twice a Year. The first Brood
appears in _May_, the second towards the End of _July_. Being in a
Meadow near _Cookham_, in _Kent_, on the 5th Day of _August_, 1748, I
observed a Female _Swallow-Tail_ hovering over certain Plants, which
taking particular Notice of, I found to be the _Meadow Saxifrage_,
and examining them carefully, I discovered four Eggs just laid by
the _Fly_, wherewith I was highly pleased. On the 13th of the same
Month these Eggs produced _Caterpillars_, of Size and Colour as
expressed at Figure 1. On the 19th one of the _Caterpillars_ shifted
its Skin, and appeared like Figure 2. On the 23d it changed again to
the Likeness of Figure 3. On the 4th of _September_ it became like
Figure 4. On the 11th of the same Month it appeared in its fifth and
last Skin, which was extreamly beautiful, as expressed at Figure 5.
On the 22d the _Caterpillar_ was full grown, and fixed itself in the
Manner of Figure 6, in order to change into the _Chrysalis_ 7, which
was produced on the 26th of _September_; in which State it remains,
_January_ 20, 1748-9. I fed the _Caterpillar_ from its being first
hatched with the green Leaves of the common Carrot, which it eat
plentifully. This fine _Butterfly_ may be taken in the Meadows and
Clover Fields about _Cookham_, near _Westram_, in _Kent_, at the
Times above-mentioned. It flies so swiftly that it is in vain to
follow it, you must therefore wait ’till it settles, and then, if you
are near, be nimble, and you may catch it without much Difficulty.
The _Flies_ are represented in the next Plate numbered the same as
this.
See _Reaumur_, Pl. 29. Pag. 486. Also Pl. 30. Vol. 1. Pag. 486.
The Meadow Saxifrage.
_Seseli pratense nostras._ Park.
L. 3. CH. 3. II. CL. 1. S. _a._ 2.
The BRIMSTONE-BUTTERFLY lives in the _Fly_ State all the Winter
Season, for very early in the Spring you will see them in the
Woods flying about and seeking out their Mates. The Food of the
_Caterpillar_ is reported by Mr. _Dandridge_ to be the _Buck-Thorn_,
on which he fed it ’till the Middle of _June_, when it changed to a
_Chrysalis_, and the _Fly_ was bred at the Beginning of _August_.
The _Caterpillars_ are rare to be met with, although the _Fly_ is
common in Woods and Fields of Clover, in the Months of _August_ and
_September_.
The Buck-Thorn, with its Berries.
_Rhamnus Catharticus._ C. B. P.
CLASS II.
SECT. _a._
CATERPILLARS _having little or no_ HAIR.
_Fastening their ~Chrysalis~ as the last Sort, and producing_
ROUND-WINGED BUTTERFLIES.
L. 3. CH. 1. I. CL. 2. S. _a._ 1.
The WHITE-BUTTERFLY, with BLACK VEINS. The _Caterpillars_ that
produce this sort of _Butterfly_ are sociable and feed together on
the _White-Thorn_, till about the Middle of _May_, at which Time they
are full fed and change to the _Chrysalis_. The _Fly_ is bred in
_June_, and is common among _Hay-Grass_.
See _Merian_, Vol. 2. Chap. 35. _Moss._ P. 103. _Raii_, Hist. Insect.
P. 115, N. 5. _Albin_, Plate 2. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 3. _Reaumur_,
Vol. 2. Pl. 2. P. 120.
The Mountain-Elder, and White-Thorn.
_Sambucus, racemosa rubra._ C. B. P.
L. 3. CH. 1. II. CL. 2. S. _a._ 2.
The LARGE WHITE GARDEN-BUTTERFLY breeds twice a Year. The
_Caterpillars_ thereof are well known in Gardens and other Places.
Their first Brood is in _May_, and the second about two Months after.
The _Chrysalis_ that produces the second Brood is only fourteen Days
in that State, and the _Fly_ is bred in _July_. Those _Caterpillars_
that go to _Chrysalis_ about _September_ remain in that State all
the Winter, and produce their _Flies_ in _May_. These _Caterpillars_
are great Devourers of _Cabbage_ and _Colliflowers_ from _June_ to
_September_, which last Month is the Time of their changing into the
_Chrysalis_ State. In order to preserve your Cabbages, _&c._ ’tis
worth while to destroy their _Chrysalides_ in the Winter, when they
may commonly be found under the Coping of Garden Walls, Pales, or
any other Places a little shelter’d: Their Eggs likewise should be
sought after, and may be found in great Numbers together on the
under Sides of the Leaves. _Note_, The _Swallow-Tail Butterfly_ is
always bred at the same Time as this _Fly_ is.
See _Godart_, Sec. 1. Num. 7. _Merian_, Vol. 1. Chap. 45. _Moufet_,
P. 103. _Raii_, Hist. Insect. p. 113. _List_. on _God._ P. 16. Fig.
7. _Albin_, Plate 1. _Rosel_, C. 2. Tab. 4.
The Nasturtium Flower.
_Acriviola._ J. K. H.
L. 3. CH. 1. III. CL. 2. S. _a._ 3.
The SMALL WHITE GARDEN-BUTTERFLY breeds twice a Year: The first
Brood is at the Beginning of _May_, and the second in _July_. The
_Caterpillar_ feeds on _Cabbage_, _Horse-Radish_, _Cresses_, _&c._
Towards the End of _June_ they tie themselves up by the Tail with a
Thread, which goes likewise cross their Middle. The _Fly_ comes forth
in _July_, and is very common.
See _Albin_, P. 51. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 5. _Lister_ on _Godart_, P.
12. N. 8. _Reaumur_, Vol. 1. Pl. 29. Pag. 486. Vol. 2. Pl. 2. Pag.
120.
The Double-Flowering Almond.
_Amygdalus sativa flore pleno._ J. R. H.
L. 3. CH. 1. IV. CL. 2. S. _a._ 4.
The WHITE-BUTTERFLY with GREEN VEINS. This also breeds twice a Year:
Its first Brood is in _May_, the second in _July_. The _Caterpillar_
feeds on _Cabbage_, _&c._ like the foregoing, ties itself up in the
same Manner, and the _Fly_ is bred in _July_. It is very common, and
may be taken in most Gardens.
See _Albin_, P. 52. _Merian_, Vol. 2. Chap. 39.
The Purple Auricula.
_Auricula, ursi flore Purpureo._ Lob.
L. 3. CH. 1. V. CL. 2. S. a. 5.
THE ORANGE-TIP, or LADY OF THE WOODS, A BUTTERFLY. We are obliged to
Mr. _Rosel_ for the Discovery of the Progress of this and many other
curious _Flies_. He says the _Caterpillar_ feeds on the _Brassica
Sylvestris_, or _Wild Cole_, whereon the _Fly_ lays its Eggs. The
_Caterpillar_ is found in _June_ and _July_, at which Time it changes
into a _Chrysalis_. It remains in that State through the Winter, and
the _Fly_ is produced in _May_. It is very common in Fields and green
Lanes, and breeds but once a Year.
See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 8.
The Mountain-Curran, and the Wild Cole.
_Ribes Alpinus dulcis_. J. B. _Brassica Sylvestris_.
[Illustration:(Decorative Design)]
CATERPILLARS, having little or no Hair, producing SCALLOP-WINGED
BUTTERFLIES.
SECT. _b._
L. 3. CH. 1. I. CL. 2. S. _b._ 1.
The MARMORIS, or MARBLE BUTTERFLY. On the 8th of _July_, 1748. I took
with my Net several Females of this sort of _Fly_, which is very
common amongst the _Hay-Grass_. I put them in a Box, taking Care to
hurt them as little as possible, with full Hopes that some of them
would lay their Eggs; and according to my Wishes the next Morning I
had 160 Eggs, which, when first laid, were of a fine yellow Colour,
but in less than a Minute’s Time they became perfectly white, and
are not glutinous like many other Sorts. On the 27th and 28th of the
same Month the young _Caterpillars_ appeared, and were put on common
Grass to feed: They continued extremely small for some Months, and,
notwithstanding great Care was taken of them, only three _Flies_ were
produced, the rest all dying in the _Caterpillar_ State.
The different Changes observed in these three were as follows.
Caterpillars changed Went to The _Flies_
their Skins. _Chrysalis_. were bred.
{_1st April_, 11 _May_ 6 _May_ 26 | _June_ 14 | _July_ 11}
The {_2d April_, 28 _May_ 21 _June_ 6 | _June_ 30 | _July_ 23} 1748
{_3d May_, 1 _May_ 21 _June_ 9 | _July_ 4 | _July_ 27}
The _Caterpillars_ that produced these _Flies_ changed to _Chrysalis_
on the Ground, without fastening themselves to any Thing, and were
fed all the Time with common Grass, and it is presumed changed their
Skins twice before the 11th of _April_.
_Figure_ 1. The Bent Grass. 2. Brown Millet-Grass. 3. Yellow Ladies
Bedstraw. 4. The Great Fox-tail Grass.
1. _Gramen segetum, panicula speciosa._ Park. 2. _Gramen miliaceum
majus panicula spadicea._ Petiv. 3. _Gallium luteum_, C. B. 4.
_Gramen Alopecuroides majus._ Ger.
L. 3. CH. 1. II. CL. 2. S. _b._ 2.
The MEADOW BROWN-BUTTERFLY. The _Caterpillar_ was found by Mr.
_Dandridge_ on the common Grass, with which he fed it ’till the 24th
of _May_, when it fastened itself up by the Tail, and changed into a
short thick green _Chrysalis_ streaked with black, and on the 11th
of _June_ came out the _Butterfly_, which is one of the most common
sorts the Fields afford, and yet the _Caterpillar_ is rarely found.
See _Albin_, P. 53.
The Water Elder.
_Opulus_ Ruellii. _Instit._ R. Herb.
L. 3. CH. 1. III. CL. 2. S. _b._ 3.
The GREAT ARGUS-BUTTERFLY breeds twice a Year: The first Time is
in _May_, the second in _July_. _Merian_ says, the _Caterpillar_
feeds on _Grass_, and that it changes to a small green _Chrysalis_,
from which proceeds this elegant _Fly_, adorned with brown and
black Spots, having two white Horns spotted with black, and Eyes
of a beautiful Colour. This _Butterfly_ is very common; its Flight
is not swift: It delights to settle on dry Banks and Walls, and in
Path-Ways, and is not difficult to take. Its _Caterpillar_ is seldom
found.
See _Merian_, Vol. 2. Chap. 4.
The Passion-Flower.
_Granadilla Pentaphyllos Flore cæruleo magno._ Boerh.
L. 3. CH. 1. IV. CL. 2. S. _b._ 4.
The WOOD ARGUS-BUTTERFLY. This also breeds twice a Year: The first
Brood appears at the Beginning of _May_, the second at the Beginning
of _July_. It flies slowly, and is to be taken in Woods, green Lanes,
_&c._ _Reaumur_ informs us, that the _Caterpillar_ feeds on _Grass_;
that it changed to a _Chrysalis_ on the 19th of _June_, and that ten
Days after the _Fly_ was bred.
See _Reaumur_, Plate 27. Pag. 431.
The Spanish Broom.
_Genista Iuncea_, J. B.
SECT. _c._
_CATERPILLARS having little HAIR, producing BUTTERFLIES, whose Head
and Body are much larger (for their Size) than any other BUTTERFLIES:
Of which there are several belonging to this Section, whose
~Caterpillars~ have not as yet been discovered._
L. 3. CH. 1. I. CL. 2. S. _c._ 1.
The GRIZZLED BUTTERFLY. Mr. _Rosel_ tells us, that the _Caterpillar_
of this _Fly_ was found on the _Mallow_, with the Leaves of which he
fed it till the End of _June_, when it spun a Web amongst the Leaves,
and changed to a _Chrysalis_, the _Butterfly_ of which was bred the
_May_ following. This _Fly_ is to be taken in Woods and Meads, at the
Beginning of _May_: and although small, it flies swiftly, so that you
must be very quick to take it.
See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 10. _Merian_, Vol. 1 Chap. 48.
The common Mallow.
_Malva vulgaris._ Park.
[Illustration: (Decorative Design)]
CLASS III.
CATERPILLARS armed with Spikes.
SECT. _a._
_Whose ~Chrysalis~ hangs by the Tail perpendicularly downwards._
L. 3. CH. 1. I. CL. 3. S. _a._ 1.
The ADMIRABLE BUTTERFLY. The great _Stinging Nettle_ is the Food
of this _Caterpillar_, which is to be found by observing where
the _Nettle-Leaves_ appear to be folded or spun together, for
within such Leaves the _Caterpillar_ feeds. It turns in _August_
to a _Chrysalis_, hanging perpendicularly downwards by the Tail,
fourteen Days after the _Chrysalis_ is formed the _Fly_ appears. The
_Caterpillars_ shelter themselves after this Manner, that they may
be the better secured from the too great Heat of the Sun, from Rain,
Birds, and a small _Ichneumon Fly_, which often hinders their coming
to Perfection, by laying its Eggs therein, which Eggs are of such
a glutenous Nature, that they stick fast as soon as laid. Some of
the _Chrysalides_ appear as if gilded with burnished Gold, but such
usually produce not a _Butterfly_, but a Brood of small, though very
beautiful _Ichneumons_. The _Fly_ may be taken in Gardens and other
Places, it feeds on _Fruit_ that lies under Trees, _&c._ and is no
uncommon _Fly_. It lives quite through the Winter.
See _Goedart_, Vol. 1. Tab. 26. Pag. 96. Fig. Opt. List. Fig. 4. Gr.
V. 2. Pag. 81. Tab. 81. Fig. Opt. Moff. 100. Num. 6. _An. Hoef._ Tab.
12. Fig. 15. _Raii_, Hist. Insect. P. 126. _Albin_, Pl. 3. _Reaumur_,
Pl. 10. Pag. 284, Vol. 1.
The Great Stinging-Nettle.
_Urtica major vulgaris._ J. B.
L. 3. CH. 1. II. CL. 3. S. _a._ 2.
The PEACOCK-BUTTERFLY. You must look for the _Caterpillar_ that
produces this _Fly_ in the great _Stinging-Nettle_. They are sociable
and feed together, are very easy to find, and may be taken full fed
towards the End of _June_, at which Time many of them change to the
_Chrysalis_, and about fourteen Days after the _Fly_ appears. It is
very common, and may be taken on _Thistles_, _Burdock_, _Clover_, &c.
The _Chrysalis_ of this _Fly_, as well as the preceding, sometimes
looks as if gilt with Gold: but such fine outsides usually produce
_Ichneumons_. This _Fly_ likewise lives all the Winter.
See _Reaumur_, Pl. 25. Pag. 446. Vol. 1. _Goed._ Vol. 1. P. 23. Fig.
opt. 1. _List._ Fig. 1. _Graf._ Vol. 1. Tab. 26. Pag. 53. _Raii_,
Hist. Insect. Pag. 122. N. 14. _Moufet_, P. 99. N. 4. _Hoef._ Tab.
12. Fig. opt. 9. _Johns._ Inst. 40. n. 4. Tab. 5. _Albin_, Pl. 4.
_Rosel_, Cl. 1. T. 3.
_Smith’s_ Newington Peach.
L. 3. CH. 1. III. CL. 3. S. _a._ 3
The PAINTED-LADY-BUTTERFLY. In this Plate two _Butterflies_ are
represented, the upper one of which is the _Painted Lady_. Its
_Caterpillar_ feeds on the great _Stinging-Nettle_, _Thistles_, _&c._
changes to a _Chrysalis_ within the Leaves folded together in the
Middle of _June_, is fourteen Days in that State, and then the _Fly_
comes forth. It may be taken on the same Growths as the last, but is
not so common.
Figure 4 represents, the SMALL TORTOISE-SHELL-BUTTERFLY, which is
very common, and breeds twice a Year: The first Brood is towards
the End of _June_, the second about the End of _August_. The
_Caterpillar_ feeds on _Nettles_, is open and sociable, and may
be taken full fed about the Middle of _June_, and the Middle of
_August_, and is about fourteen Days in _Chrysalis_. This _Butterfly_
out-lives the Winter.
See _Lister_ on _Goedart_, Pag. 7. N. 5. _Albin_, Pl. 56. Fig. 4.
_Goed._ Vol. 1. Pag. 90, Fig. opt, 21. _List._ Fig. 2. _Graf._ Vol.
1. P. 89. _Mouff_, 101. N. 11, figured against N. 12. _Hoef._ Tab. 2.
Fig. opt. 16. _Raii_, Hist. Insect. Pag. 117. N. 1. _Albin_, Pl. 4.
_Rosel_, Cl. 1. Tab. 4. _Reaumur_, Pl. 26. Pag. 446. Vol. 1.
The Great Stinging-Nettle.
_Urtica major vulgaris._ J. B.
L. 3. CH. 1. V. CL. 3. S. _a._ 5.
The GREAT TORTOISE-SHELL-BUTTERFLY. When the _Caterpillars_ of this
_Fly_ are young, they feed together on the Leaves of the _Elm-Tree_,
_&c._ About the Middle of _June_ they are full fed, and usually
tie themselves up by the Tail under the Copings of Walls, or some
such Shelter; in the Beginning of _July_ the _Fly_ comes out, and
delights to settle in dry Path-ways, as also on the Bodies of Trees,
_&c._ is swift in its Flight, and requires Nimbleness to take it. The
_Chrysalis_ is very apt to produce _Ichneumons_ instead of its own
_Butterfly_, those Creatures having laid their Eggs therein. This
_Fly_ lives all Winter.
See _Reaumur_, Pl. 23. Pag. 382. Vol. 1. _List._ on _Goedart_, Pag.
3. N. 3, _Merian_, Vol. 2. Tab. 2. _Albin_, Pl. 55. _Rosel_, Cl. 1.
Tab. 2.
The Common Elm-Tree.
_Ulmus minor folio Angusto Scabro._ Ger. Emac, 1480.
L. 3. CH. 1. VI. CL. 2. S. _a._ 6.
The COMMA-BUTTERFLY breeds twice a Year: The first Time towards the
End of _June_, and the second about the Beginning of _September_.
The _Caterpillar_ feeds on _Hop-Leaves_, _Nettles_, _&c._ puts on
the _Chrysalis_ Form in _June_ and _August_, and is about fourteen
Days in that State, when the _Fly_ appears, which may be taken in
Gardens, on _Blackberry_ Blossoms, by the Sides of Hedges, and in
such like Places. The Colours of the first Brood of this _Butterfly_
are considerably lighter than as here represented.
The Double Wild Poppy, with a fiery-coloured Flower edged with white.
_Papaver, erraticum, flore pleno igneo marginibus candidis._ H. L.
L. 3. CH. 1. VII. CL. 2. S. _a._ 7.
The GREAT FRITILLARY-BUTTERFLY. Mr. _Rosel_ says, the _Caterpillar_
feeds on _Nettles_, in the private Recesses of Woods, that it changes
into the _Chrysalis_ State at the End of _May_, and that the _Fly_
is produced in _June_. This _Butterfly_ is very swift in Flight,
and is best taken in the Forenoon, when it will settle and feed on
_Blackberry Blossoms_, _Thistles_, _&c._ They are most commonly found
in Woods, and the Fields adjacent to Woods.
See _Rosel_, Cl. 1. Tab. 7.
The Bramble.
_Rubus major, fructu nigro._ J. B.
L. 3. CH. 1. VIII. CL. 2. S. _a._ 8.
The PLANTAIN FRITILLARY-BUTTERFLY. The _Caterpillar_ hereof feeds on
_Plantain_, _Clover_, and _Grass_, changes to a _Chrysalis_, within
a Web of its own spinning, upon the Surface of the Ground, at the
Beginning of _May_, and the _Fly_ appears fourteen Days after. The
_Caterpillars_ are sociable, and feed together. They appear of a
very timorous Nature, for if you move the Food on which they are,
they immediately quit their Hold and fall to the Ground, and there
remain in a curl’d up Form till such Time they think the Danger over.
The _Butterfly_ is swift in Flight, but may be taken if diligently
attended to, in Fields of _Hay-Grass_, at the Time above-mentioned.
_Figure_ 1. Rough Grass. 2. Plantain. 3. Clover.
1. _Gramen asperum._ J. B. 2. _Plantago major vulg._ C. B.
L. 3. CH. 1. IX. CL. 2. S. _a._ 9.
The HEATH FRITILLARY-BUTTERFLY. I found the _Caterpillars_ of this
_Fly_ feeding on common _Heath_ in _Tottenham_-Wood, about the Middle
of _May_, 1745, and they are of the same fearful Nature as the
last-mentioned. Six or seven of them were feeding near each other, I
observed their Manner of eating, which was extremely quick, and when
they moved it was at a great Rate. I fed them with common _Heath_ for
three or four Days; at the End of which some of them changed into
_Chrysalis_, in which State they remained about fourteen Days, and
then the _Flies_ came forth. This _Butterfly_ is very common in most
Woods, but its _Caterpillar_ is very rarely found.
Common Heath in Flower.
_Erica Vulgaris._ Park.
L. 3. CH. 1. X. CL. 2. S. _a._ 10.
The WILLOW-BUTTERFLY. About the Middle of _August_, 1748, two of this
Species of _Butterfly_ were taken near _Camberwell_, in _Surry_:
But in all my Practice I have never seen any of them in the Fields;
so that they were look’d upon as very great Rarities. They are very
common in _Germany_, and Mr. _Rosel_ tells us, the _Caterpillar_
feeds on _Willow_, and may be found all the Summer. The _Caterpillar_
and _Chrysalis_, in the Plate, are taken from a Draught by Mr.
_Rosel_.
See _Rosel_, Cl. 1, Tab. 1.
The White Dog-Rose.
_Rosa arvensis candida._ C. B.
L. 3. CH. 1. XI. CL. 3. S. a. 11.
The SMALL FRITILLARY-BUTTERFLY. About
the 10th of _April_, 1741, I took upon the Ground upwards of one
Hundred of these _Caterpillars_, in _Cain_ Wood. I gave them to eat
a Variety of Growths (which I gathered on the Spot where I found
the _Caterpillars_) but they were so restless and uneasy under
Confinement, that they seemed in continual Motion, neither would
they eat any of the Food I gave them. On the 18th of _April_ ten of
the _Caterpillars_ fastened themselves up by the Tail, in order to
their changing into the _Chrysalis_ State, (the rest being dead or
gone away) and on the 3d of _May_ following the _Flies_ were bred.
This _Butterfly_ is to be taken in Woods and Grass-Fields adjacent to
Woods, in the Month of _May_.
The Variegated Ketmia.
_Ketmia Syrorum Flore variegato._ J. R. H.
L. 3. CH. 1. XII. CL. 2. S. a. 12.
The GREAT FRITILLARY-BUTTERFLY,
with SILVER SPOTS. I take this _Fly_ to be of the Class under
Consideration. On the 15th of _July_, 1748, I had three Eggs laid by
such a _Fly_ as is represented in the Plate at Fig. 1, and on the
5th of _August_ the young _Caterpillars_ came forth; which, being
examined with a Microscope, appeared to be of the Size represented.
They were of a Flesh Colour, with Rows of Black Spots on each Joint
like the _Caterpillars_ of the _Emperor Moth_, and out of each Spot
grew Hairs of a sandy Colour. The Eggs were beautifully fluted down
the Sides, were flat at the Bottom, and had a glutenous Moisture upon
them, which occasioned their sticking fast wherever the _Fly_ chose
to leave them. The _Caterpillars_ on this present 10th of _February_,
1748-9, seem to be alive, but are very small, and, I believe, have
eat nothing all the Winter, though they have had Grass given them,
which I take to be their proper Food. The _Fly_ frequents Woods and
Meads, and loves to settle on _Blackberry Blossoms_, _Thistles_, &c.
At the Beginning of _July_ they may be taken with your Net; but as
no _Butterfly_ is more swift in Flight, you must attend till they
settle, then be nimble and you may catch them.
The Scorpion Sena.
_Emerus Cæsalpin._
[Illustration: (Decorative Design)]
CHAP. II.
CATERPILLARS shaped like Wood-Lice.
CLASS I.
SECT. _a._
L. 3. CH. 2. I. CL. 1. S. _a._ 1.
The PURPLE HAIR-STREAK-BUTTERFLY. The _Caterpillar_ feeds on
_Oak-Leaves_, becomes a _Chrysalis_ at the Beginning of _June_, and
in a Month after the _Fly_ appears. This _Butterfly_ is not so easily
taken as some others, for when it is not feeding it usually settles
high. I have taken the greatest Numbers early in a Morning, when I
have found them feeding on the Blossoms of the _Blackberry_.
See _Albin_, P. 57. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 9.
The Oak-Tree.
_Quercus._
L. 3. CH. 2. II. CL. 1. S. _a._ 2.
The BROWN HAIR-STREAK-BUTTERFLY. The _Caterpillar_ of this
_Butterfly_ is seldom found: which, I believe, is owing to the
oddness of its Shape and Colour, which are exactly represented in
the Plate. I took four of them by beating the _Black-Thorn_, and
fed them on the same till the Middle of _June_, at which Time they
changed into the _Chrysalis_, and the _Fly_ was bred in the Middle of
_August_. This _Butterfly_ delights to settle on the _Maple-Tree_,
&c. by beating the Branches whereof the _Fly_ will rise, and may be
taken in your Net.
The Black-Thorn.
_Prunus Sylvestris._ Germ. Emac.
L. 3. CH. 2. III. CL. 1. S. _a._ 3.
The GREEN BUTTERFLY. Mr. _Dandridge_ took the _Caterpillar_ of this
_Fly_ at the Beginning of _July_, feeding on the inside of the
_Blackberry_ Buds, in which it made a small Hole, whereby it entered,
and eating all the inward Part, left the Buds seemingly entire:
It fed on them till the Middle of _July_, and then changed to a
_Chrysalis_; and in the Middle of _April_, the Year following, the
_Fly_ was bred. This _Butterfly_ is most common in and near Woods;
it delights to settle on Boughs four or five Feet from the Ground,
by moving which the _Fly_ will rise, and if not much frighted will
settle on or near the same Place again, by which Means you may take
it with your Net. The best Time to catch this _Butterfly_ is from the
first to the fifteenth of _May_.
The Blackberry, with its Fruit and Blossom.
_Rubus, major, fructu nigro._ J. B.
[Illustration: (Decorative Design)]
CHAP. III.
_Of BUTTERFLIES whose Generation is not yet known._
CLASS I.
SECT. _A._
L. 3. CH. 3. I. CL. 1. S. _A._ 1.
The BLUE ARGUS-BUTTERFLY breeds twice a Year: The first Brood appears
in _May_, the second at the End of _July_ and Beginning of _August_.
This _Fly_ is very common in most _Hay-Fields_ at those Times, and is
easily taken. As for the _Caterpillar_ and _Chrysalis_, I have never
yet heard that they have been discovered by any Body.
The Green Gage-Plumb.
_Prunus fructu rotundo e viridi flavescente, carne dura suavissima._
Miller.
L. 3. CH. 3. II. CL. 1. S. _A._ 2.
The PURPLE HIGH-FLYER, or EMPEROR OF THE WOODS. Neither the
_Caterpillar_ nor _Chrysalis_ of this charming _Fly_ has been yet
discovered, although sought after with the utmost Diligence for
several Years past. The _Butterfly_ appears at the End of _June_ and
Beginning of _July_, and may be taken in _Comb_-Wood in _Surry_,
about _Westram_ in _Kent_, and in other Places. It flies like a Hawk,
delighting to soar aloft and skim in the Air. When it settles it is
usually on some extreme Part of the _Oak_, _Hasle_, or _Ash-Tree_:
and what is very singular, I myself have seen twenty of them taken on
the same Branch one after another, for although the _Fly_ seems to
be extremely wild whilst on the Wing, yet, when settled, you may lay
your Net over it with little Trouble.
The Oak _with its_ Acorns.
_Quercus._
_FINIS._
INDEX to the _FLIES_.
A.
Admirable Butterfly. 55
Angle Shades. 3
Argus Butterfly.
—— great. 53
—— Wood. _ibid._
—— blue. 63
Argus Moth.
—— Buff. 37
Arrach Moth.
—— July. 36
—— Wild. 3
B.
Bindweed Hawk. See Hawk Moth.
Black Arches. 19
Black-thorn Moth. 6
Black Tussock. See Tussock-Moth.
Bramble Moth. 26
Brimstone Butterfly. 48
Brimstone Moth. 39
Brindled Beauty. 35
Brindle Moth. 43
Broom Moth. 4
—— green. 37
Buff-Argus. See Argus Moth.
Buff Moth.
—— spotted. 20
Buff Tip. 21
Burnet Moth. 46
C.
Cinnabar Moth. 26
Codling Moth. 5
Comma Moth. 57
Cleifden Nonpareil. 45
Cream-spot Tyger. See Tyger Moth.
Crimson Underwing. See Underwing Moth.
Curran Moth. See large Magpye.
D.
Dagger Moth. 28
December Moth. 23
Drinker. 27
E.
Ealing’s Glory. 12
Egger.
—— Grass. 23
—— great. 22
—— small. 25
—— small Oak. 44
Elephant, or, Ladies Bedstraw Moth. 11
—— small. 7
Emperor Moth. 15
Emperor of the Woods, or, Purple High-Flyer. 63
Ermine Moth.
—— great. 20
—— small. 4
Eyed Willow Hawk. See Hawk Moth.
F.
Fox-coloured Moth. 25
Fritillary Butterfly.
—— great. 57
—— —— with silver Spots. 59
—— Heath. 58
—— Plantain. _ibid._
—— small. 59
G.
Gipsey Moth. 20
Glory of Kent. 45
Goat Moth. 15
Gold-spot Moth. 8
Gooseberry Moth. 42
Green Broom Moth. See Broom Moth.
Green Butterfly. 62
Green Moth with silver Lines.
H.
Hair-streak Butterfly.
—— Purple. 61
—— Brown. _ibid._
Hawk Moth.
—— Bindweed, or, Unicorn Moth. 9
—— Eyed Willow. 10
—— Jessamine. 9
—— Lime; or, Olive Shades. 10
—— Poplar. 11
—— Privet. 10
Hawthorn Moth. 40
J.
Jessamine Hawk. See Hawk Moth.
July Arrach Moth. See Arrach Moth.
July Sallow Moth. See Sallow Moth.
L.
Lackey Moth. 21
Lady of the Woods; or, Orange Tip. 51
Ladies Bedstraw Moth. See Elephant.
Lappit Moth. 27
—— Wild Pine Tree. 29
Lime Hawk. See Hawk Moth.
Lime Moss Moth. 37
M.
Large Magpye, or Curran Moth. 42
Marmoris, or marble Butterfly. 52
Meadow Brown. _ibid._
Mother of Pearl Moth. 24
Mottled Umber. 36
N.
Nut-tree Tussock. Sec Tussock Moth.
O.
Oak-Moth.
—— yellow July. 24
—— small Green. 4
—— scallop-wing’d. 6
Oak Egger. See Egger Moth.
October Moth. 38
Olive Shades. See Lime Hawk.
Orange Moth. 40
Orange Tussock. See Tussock.
Orange Tip. See Lady of the Woods.
Ozier, or Pebble Moth. 12
P.
Painted Lady. 56
Peacock Butterfly. 55
Pease Blossom. 3
Pebble Moth. See Ozier Moth.
Plumb-Tree Moth. 17
Poplar Hawk. See Hawk Moth.
Privet Hawk. See Hawk Moth.
Province Rose Moth. 5
Purple High-Flier. See Emperor of the Woods.
Puss Moth. 13
R.
Ranunculus Moth. 7
Red Spot Tussock. See Tussock Moth.
Richmond Beauty. 39
S.
Sallow Moth. 5
—— July. 36
Scallop-wing’d Moth. 39
Scarlet Tyger. See Tyger Moth.
Silver Y Moth. 34
Spotted Buff. See Buff Moth.
Spotted Elm Moth. 38
Spotted red and white Underwing. See Underwing.
Swallow-Tail Butterfly. 47
Swallow-Tail Moth. 38
Sword-Grass Moth. 8
Sycamore Tussock. See Tussock Moth.
T.
Great Tortoise-shell Butterfly. 56
Tussock Moth.
—— black. 30
—— Nut-tree. 31
—— Orange. _ibid._
—— Red-spot. 30
—— Sycamore. 32
—— yellow. 30
Tyger Moth.
—— Cream-spot. 18
—— great. _ibid._
—— Scarlet. 19
—— Wood. 24
U.
Underwing Moth.
—— Crimson. 33
—— great yellow. 2
—— spotted red and white. 23
—— Willow red. 17
Unicorn Moth, See Bindweed Hawk Moth.
W.
Water Betony Moth. 7
White Butterfly with black Veins. 49
—— with green Veins. 50
White Garden Butterfly.
—— large. 49
—— small. 50
White Satin Moth. 21
Wild Arrach Moth. 3
Wild Rose Moth. 14
Willow Butterfly. 58
Willow red Underwing. See Underwing Moth.
Wood Tyger. See Tyger Moth.
Y.
Yellow Tail. 28
Great yellow Underwing. See Underwing Moth.
[Illustration: (Decorative Design)]
Index to the _PLANTS._
A.
Alder Tree. _Alnus._ 28
Almond Tree. _Amygdalus sativa._ 25
—— double flowering. 50
Apple Tree. _Malus._ 19
Apricot. _Malus Armeniaca._
—— Brussels. 6
—— Masculine. 31
—— Orange. 26
Red Archangel. _Lamium rubrum._ 30
Wild Arrach. _Atriplex._ 3
Arsmart. _Persicaria._ 20
B.
Small Bindweed. _Convolvulus minor._ 9
Bistort. _Bistorta._ 28
Blackberry. _Rubus._ 25
Black-thorn. _Prunus sylvestris._ 12, 16, 24, 61
Blue Bells. _Hyacinthus Anglicus._ 39
Bramble. _Rubus._ 38, 57, 62
—— white Fruit. 16
Broom. _Genista._ 5
—— Spanish. _Genista Juncea._ 53
Buckthorn. _Rhamnus Cartharticus._ 48
C.
Cherry. _Cerasus._
—— double flowering. 23
—— Honey. 35
—— May. 25
—— Wild Black. 36
Chickweed. _Alsine media._ 19
Codling. _Pomum coctile._ 5
Wild Cole. _Brassica sylvestris._ 51
Columbine. _Aquilegia._ 24
Crab Tree. _Malus sylvestris._ 21
Cranes Bill. _Geranium._ 22
Curran Tree. _Ribes._ 42
—— black. _Ribes nigrum._ 36
—— Mountain. _Ribes Alpinum._ 51
D.
Double Stock July Flower. _Leucoium._ 2
E.
Elder.
—— Mountain. _Sambucus._ 49
—— Water. _Opulus._ 53
Elm. _Ulmus._
—— Common. 57
—— smooth leav’d. 31, 39
—— Witch. 38
G.
Gooseberry Tree. _Grossularia._ 42
Grass.
—— Bent. _Gramen Segetum._ 52
—— brown Millet. _Gramen Miliaceum._ _ibid._
—— great Fox-tail. _Gramen Alopecuroides._ 52
—— rough. _Gramen Asperum._ 58
—— white Darnel. _Gramen loliaceum._ 28
Guelder Rose. _Opulus._ 8
H.
Carolina Hawthorn. _Mespilus Caroliniana._ 40
Common Heath. _Erica vulgaris._ 58
Hounds Tongue. _Cynoglossum._ 19
Vredenriek Hyacinth. _Hyacinthus Belgicus._ 24
J.
Jessamine. _Jasminum._ 9
—— Spanish. _Jasminum Humilius._ 40
Persian Iris. _Xiphium Persicum._ 8
K.
Ketmia.
—— Purple flower’d. _Ketmia._ 8
—— Variegated. _Ketmia Syrorum._ 59
L.
Ladies Bedstraw.
—— yellow. _Gallium luteum._ 52
—— white. _Gallium album._ 11
Larkspur. _Delphinium._ 3
Small-leav’d Lime Tree. _Tilia fœmina._ 10
M.
Common Mallow. _Malva vulgaris._ 54
N.
Nasturtium. _Acriviola._ 50
Red Roman Nectarine. _Nucipersica._ 17
Needle Furze. _Genista spinosa._ 37
Nut Tree. _Corylus._ 23
O.
Oak Tree. _Quercus._ 33, 61, 63
Ozier. _Salix vulgaris._ 12
P.
Passion Flower. _Granadilla._ 53
Peach. _Persica._
—— double flowering. _Persica Africana._ 45
—— Orange. 4
—— Smith’s Newington. 56
Periwinkle. _Pervinca_. 6
Privet-headed Phylerea. _Phyllyrea._ 27
Plantain. _Plantago major._ 58
—— lesser. _Plantago minor._ 24
Plumb. _Prunus._
—— Apricot. 36
—— Cherry. 24
—— Great Mogul. 3
—— Green Gage. 63
—— Hatfield. 18
Poplar. _Populus._
—— black. 11
—— white. 21
Double wild Poppy. _Papaver erraticum_. 57
Ever green Privet. _Ligustrum._ 10
R.
Ragwort. _Jacobea._ 26
Ranunculus. _Ranunculus._ 24
—— double Orange. 7
—— red. 39
Rose. _Rosa._
—— Burnet. _Rosa Pumila._ 46
—— Ciphian. _Pimpinella Scotica._ 45
—— double Velvet. _Rosa holoserica._ 44
—— Moss Provence. _Rosa Provincialis._ 6
—— Sweet Briar. _Eglanteria._ 28
—— —— double flowered. 37
—— white Dog. _Rosa arvensis candida._ 59
—— Wild. _Rosa sylvestris._ 12
—— yellow. _Rosa lutea._ 6
—— white double Garden. _Rosa alba hortensis._ 30
S.
Sage. _Salvia._ 34
—— yellow flowered. _Phlomis._ 37
Sallow. _Salix._ 5
Meadow Saxifrage. _Seseli pratense._ 48
Sena.
—— Bladder. _Colutea vesicaria._ 43
—— Scorpion. _Emerus._ 60
St. John’s Wort. _Hypericum._ 31
Great Stinging-Nettle. _Urtica major._ 55, 56
Small Sun-Flower. _Corona solis._ 20
Sycamore Tree. _Acer._ 32
T.
Yellow-striped Tulip. _Tulipa._ 4
Tway-Blade. _Bifolium._ 22
V.
Yellow Vetchling. _Lathyrus._ 22, 28
W.
Water Betony, or Water Figwort. _Betonica aquatica_, _Scrophularia
aquatica._ 7
Willow. _Salix._ 13, 15
—— Crack. _Salix Fragilis._ 11
—— Dwarf. 41
—— Weeping. 17
—— Yellow Dwarf. 21
White Bells. _Hyacinthus._ 24
White-thorn. _Mespilus, sive Oxyacanthus._ 22, 39, 49
Wild Pine Tree. _Pinus sylvestris._ 29
Wood Pease. _Astragalus sylvaticus._ 28
[Illustration: (Decorative Design)]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 3._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 4._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 5._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 6._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 7._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 8._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 9._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 10._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 11._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 12._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 13._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 14._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 15._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 16._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 17._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. A. 18._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. B. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. B. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. B. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. B. 3._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. B. 4._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. B. 5._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. B. 6._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. B. 7._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. C. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. D. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. E. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. E. 3._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 3._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 4._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. b. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. 1. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 3._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 4._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 5._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 6._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 7._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 8._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 9._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 10._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 11._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 12._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 13._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 14._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 15._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 16._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 17._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 18._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 19._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. 2. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. 3. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. b. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. b. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. b. 3._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. b. 4._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. s. b. 5._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. c. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. c. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. c. 3._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. c. 4._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. c. 5._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. c. 6._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. 2._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. 2._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 3._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 4._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 5._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 6._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 7._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. S. b. 3._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. S. b. 4._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. S. b. 5._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. s. b. 6._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 3. s. b. 7._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. s. b. 8._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 2. S. b. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. II._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. S. b. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. IV._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. V._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. I. ch. V._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. II. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. I. S. a. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 3._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 4._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. a. 5._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. b. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. b. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. b. 3._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. b. 4._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 2. S. c. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 2._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 3._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 5._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 6._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 7._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 8._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 9._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 10._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 11._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. I._ _Cl. 3. S. a. 12._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. II._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. II._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. II._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 3._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 1._]
[Illustration: _L. III. ch. III._ _Cl. 1. S. a. 2._]
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
Plates in this eBook have been positioned to be adjacent to the
content that references them.
Illustrations without captions have had a description added, this is
denoted with parentheses.
The indexes were not checked for proper alphabetization or correct
page references.
Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the
text and consultation of external sources.
Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added, when a
predominant preference was found in the original book. Punctuation of
Plate numbers has been standarized.
Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text,
and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.
Introduction: “Mohts” replaced with “Moths”
Table: “Sattin” replaced with “Satin”
Pg 24: “Vredenrick” replaced with “Vredenriek”
Pg 28: “Darnell” replaced with “Darnel”
Pg 29: “Arminiaca” replaced with “Armeniaca”
Pg 36: “Ichnemon” replaced with “Ichneumon”
Pg 28: “Darnell” replaced with “Darnel”
Pg 53: “Archangle” replaced with “Archangel”
Pg 59: “FRITTILLARY” replaced with “FRITILLARY” twice.