INVASION SQUIBS--VOLUNTEERS.
‘The Corsican Locust’ (West, September 1803) shows him hovering over a
picnic party, saying: ‘Bless me, how comfortably these People live.’
The party consists of an Englishman, Irishman, and a Scotchman. The
first has roast beef, plum-pudding, and a foaming tankard, before him,
and, regarding the insect, says: ‘As sure as I’m alive, that Corsican
locust smells the Roast Beef and Plumb pudding.’ Paddy has only
‘praties,’ but looks up at it, and asks: ‘Perhaps, my Jewel, ’tis a
potatoe or two you want, but the divil a halfpeth do you get from me.’
The Scotchman, with his basin and spoon in his hands, thinks: ‘Perhaps
the Cheeld would like a little o’ my Scotch Broth--but Sandy is too
cunning for that.’
‘The Grand Triumphal Entry of the Chief Consul into London’ is by an
unknown artist (October 1, 1803). He is escorted by volunteer cavalry,
and is seated, bareheaded and handcuffed, with his face towards the
tail of a white horse,[86] his legs being tied under its belly. The
horse is led by two volunteers, one of whom carries a flagstaff with
the tricolour under the Union Jack, and on the summit is perched
Boney’s huge hat, labelled ‘For Saint Pauls.’ One of the mob is calling
out: ‘We may thank our Volunteers for this glorious sight.’
[Illustration: THE CORSICAN PEST, OR BELZEBUB GOING TO SUPPER.]
Of ‘The Corsican Pest, or Belzebub going to supper,’ by Gillray
(October 6, 1803), only a portion is given in the illustration, but
nothing of moment is omitted. The following are the lines under this
broadsheet:--
Buonaparte they say, aye good lack a day!
With French Legions will hither come swimming,
And like hungry Sharks, some night in the dark,
Mean to frighten our Children and Women.
Tol de rol.
When these Gallic Foisters gape wide for our Oisters,
Old Neptune will rise up with glee,
Souse and Pickle them quick, to be sent to old Nick,
As a treat from the God of the Sea.
Tol de rol.
Belzebub will rejoice at a Supper so nice,
And make all his Devils feast hearty;
But the _little tit bit_, on a fork, he would spit,
The Consular Chief, Buonaparté!
Tol de rol.
Then each Devil suppose, closely stopping his nose,
And shrinking away from the smell,
‘By Styx,’ they would roar, ‘such a damn’d Stink before
Never entered the kingdom of Hell.
Tol de rol.
Full rotten the heart of the said Buonaparte,
Corrupted his Marrow and Bones,
French evil o’erflows, from his Head to his Toes,
And disorder’d his Brains in his Sconce!
Tol de rol.
His pestiferous breath, has put Millions to Death,
More baneful than Mad dog’s Saliva,
More poisonous he, all kingdoms agree,
Than the dire Bohan-Upas of Java--
Tol de rol.
By the favour of Heaven, to our Monarch is given
The power to avert such dire evil,
His subjects are ready, all Loyal and Steady,
To hurl this damn’d Pest to the Devil.
Tol de rol.
An unknown artist (October 11, 1803) gives us ‘The Ballance of Power
or the Issue of the Contest.’ The hand of Providence is holding the
balance, and John Bull, whose good qualities are named ‘Valour,
Justice, Honor, Integrity, Commerce, Firmness, Trade, Heroism, Virtue,’
is rapidly ascending; and, according to his own account, ‘There’s a
sweet little Cherub that sits up aloft, will take care of the fate of
John Bull. But poor Boney, with a heavy burden on his back of ‘Shame,
Disgrace, Obloquy, Cruelty, Murder, Plunder, Rapine, Villainy, and
Hypocrisy,’ is sinking into the earth, which emits flames to consume
him.
‘Thoughts on Invasion, both sides the water,’ by Charles (October 11,
1803), shows us the English coast defended by volunteers. John Bull,
laughing, is seated in a chair, under which is a cornucopia, running
over with corn, wine, beef, and all kinds of provisions. The old boy
is chuckling: ‘I can’t help laughing at the thought of Invasion, but
there is no knowing what a mad man may attempt, so I’ll take care to
have my coast well lined, and I think 80,000 such men as me, able to
eat all the Boney rascals in France, and if they mean Invasion, I have
sent a Specimen of Bombs into Calais!’ The ships are shown in the act
of bombarding that place, while Boney sits very miserable, with a
tricolour foolscap on his head, moaning: ‘I wish I had never promis’d
to Invade this terrible John Bull, but how shall I avoid it, with
Credit to myself and honour to the French Nation? and this bombarding
Calais gives me the Bl---- Blu---- Blue Devils.’ A blue devil behind
him is saying: ‘You must go now, Boney, as sure as I shall have you in
the end.’
‘The little Princess and Gulliver’ is by Ansell (October 21, 1803),
and, of course, the Gulliver is Napoleon, whom a Brobdingnagian
princess (Charlotte of Wales) has plunged into a basin of water, and,
with her fist, keeps beating him as he rises to the top, saying: ‘There
you impertinent, boasting, swaggering pigmy--take that. You attempt
to take my Grandpapa’s Crown indeed, and plunder all his subjects;
I’ll let you know that the Spirit and Indignation of every Girl in the
Kingdom is roused at your Insolence.’
‘The Centinel at his Post, or Boney’s peep into Walmer Castle!!’
(Ansell, October 22, 1803) shows Boney, with a boat-load of troops,
arrived on the English Coast, but they are at once disconcerted by the
appearance of the sentinel, Pitt, who challenges, ‘Who goes there?’
With abject fear depicted on the countenance of Bonaparte and his
followers, the former exclaims: ‘Ah! Begar--dat man alive still. Turn
about, Citoyens--for there will be no good to be done--I know his
tricks of old!!’
There are two caricatures on the same subject, one attributed to
Gillray, but signed C.L.S. (October 25, 1803), the other by I.
Cruikshank, to which the same date is attributed. One is evidently
copied from the other, for the _motif_ is the same in both. I prefer
the former, and therefore describe it. It is called ‘French Volunteers
marching to the Conquest of Great Britain, dedicated (by an Eye
Witness) to the Volunteers of Great Britain.’ A mounted officer
leads a gang of chained, handcuffed, and pinioned, scarecrow-looking
conscripts, some of them so weak that they have to be carried in
paniers on donkey-back, or drawn on a trolley; whilst a poor,
dilapidated, ragged wretch, also chained by the neck, and with his
hands tied behind him, brings up the rear of the procession.
‘John Bull guarding the Toy Shop’ (J. B., October 29, 1803) shows a
shop-window containing such toys as the India House, St. James’s, the
Bank, Custom House, Tower, and the Treasury. Little Boney, with his
handkerchief to his eyes, is weeping, and crying: ‘Pray, Mr. Bull, let
me have some of the Toys, if ’tis only that little one in the Corner’
(the Bank). But John Bull, who is in full regimentals, and armed with
his gun, replies, in his rough, insular way: ‘I tell you, you shan’t
touch one of them--so blubber away and be d--d.’
The volunteer force was a great factor in face of the Invasion,
and it was computed to number 350,000 men.[87] We know, in our own
times, that, at a mere whisper of invasion, men enrolled themselves as
volunteers by thousands, and we have never heard that whisper repeated.
The enthusiasm of the citizen army was very great, and twice in October
1803 (on the 26th 14,500 men, and on the 28th about 17,000), the King
reviewed these volunteers in Hyde Park. It will be curious briefly to
note some particulars respecting the pay and clothing of volunteers.
They are taken from the circular papers of regulations which were sent
from Lord Hobart’s office to the Lords Lieutenant of the different
counties.
8. When not called out on actual service, constant pay to be
allowed for 1 Sergeant and 1 Drummer per Company, at the same
rates as in the disembodied Militia; the pay of the Drummer
to be distributed at the discretion of the Commandant; pay
(as disembodied Militia) for the rest of the Sergeants and
Drummers, and for the Corporals and private men, to be allowed
for two days in the week, from the 25th of February to the 24th
of October, and for one day in the week from the 25th day of
October to the 24th of February, both inclusive, being 85 days
pay per annum, but for effectives only, present under arms, on
each respective day. Pay may, however, be charged for persons
absent by sickness, for a period not exceeding three months, on
the Commanding Officer’s Certificate to that effect. Sergeants
1/6, Corporals ½, Drummers and Privates 1/.
9. If a Corps, or any part thereof, shall be called upon,
in case of any riot or disturbance, the charge of constant
pay to be made for such services must be at the rates before
specified, and must be supported by a Certificate from his
Majesty’s Lieutenant, or the Sheriff of the County; but, if
called out in case of actual Invasion, the Corps is to be paid
and disciplined in all respects as the Regular Infantry, the
Artillery Companies excepted, which are then to be paid as the
Royal Artillery.
10. The whole to be clothed in Red, with the exception of the
Corps of Artillery, which may have Blue clothing, and Rifle
Corps, which may have Green, with black belts.
_Allowance for Clothing._
£3 3 9 for each Sergeant,
2 12 0 for each Corporal,
2 3 6 for each Drummer,
1 10 0 for each Private Man,
and to be repeated at the end of three years; the Sergeant
Major, and 1 Sergeant, and 1 Drummer per Company, to have
clothing annually.
11. An annual allowance to be made for each Company in lieu of
every contingent expense heretofore defrayed by Government,
viz. £25 for companies of 50 Private men, with an additional
allowance of £5 for every 10 Private Men beyond that number.
There is an amusing caricature (October 18, 1803) illustrating
Talleyrand’s disinclination to the projected invasion of England.
In his ‘Voyage to Brobdingnag,’ Lemuel Gulliver, speaking of his enemy
the King’s Dwarf, says: ‘He had before served me a scurvy trick, which
set the queen a-laughing, although at the same time she was heartily
vexed, and would have immediately cashiered him, if I had pot been so
generous as to intercede. Her majesty had taken a marrow-bone upon her
plate, and, after knocking out the marrow, placed the bone again in the
dish erect, as it stood before; the dwarf, watching his opportunity
when Glumdalclitch was gone to the sideboard, mounted the stool that
she stood on to take care of me at meals, took me up in both hands, and
squeezing my legs together, wedged them into the marrow bone above my
waist, where I stuck for some time, and made a very ridiculous figure.
I believe it was near a minute before any one knew what was become
of me; for I thought it below me to cry out. But, as princes seldom
get their meat hot, my legs were not scalded, only my stockings and
breeches in a sad condition. The dwarf, at my entreaty, had no other
punishment than a sound whipping.’
[Illustration: THE KING’S DWARF PLAYS GULLIVER A TRICK.]
There was also a squib about the same master and man:--
BUONAPARTE AND TALLEYRAND.
It is well known that Monsieur TALLEYRAND always objected to
the Invasion of England, as a mad Attempt, that must end in
the destruction of the Invaders. Having been favoured with a
Note of a Conversation between him and the Chief Consul on
this Subject, I have attempted, for the Entertainment of my
Countrymen, to put it into Rhyme.
A. S.
BUONAPARTE.
Talleyrand, what’s the state of my great preparation,
To crush, at one stroke, this vile, insolent nation,
That baffles my projects, my vengeance derides,
Blasts all my proud hopes, checks my arrogant strides.
Boasts a _Press unrestrained_, points its censure at ME,
And while Frenchmen are Slaves, still presumes to be free?
TALLEYRAND.
In a Month, Sire, or less, your magnanimous host,
Their standards shall fix on the rude British Coast.
BUONAPARTE.
’Tis well--let the troops be kept hungry and bare,
To make them more keen--for that Island’s good fare.
Give them _drafts upon London_, instead of their pay,
And rouse them to _ravish_, _burn_, _plunder_, and _slay_.
Prepare, too,--_some draughts_, for the sick and the lame;
You know what I mean.
TALLEYRAND.
_As in Syria?_
BUONAPARTE.
_The same!_
That _England I hate_, and its armies subdued,
The _slaughter of Jaffa_ shall there be renew’d.
Not a wretch that presumes to oppose, but shall feel
The flames of my fury, the force of my steel.
Their daughters, and wives, to my troops I consign;
So shall vengeance, sweet vengeance, deep-glutted, be mine,
Their children--
TALLEYRAND.
What! massacre them, my dread Lord?
BUONAPARTE.
Why not? with _me_ PITY _was never the word_!
That island once conquer’d, the world is my own,
And its ruins shall furnish the base of my throne.
TALLEYRAND.
What a project! how vast!--yet allow me one word;
Sir, the English are brave, and can wield well the sword.
In defence of their freedom, their _King_, and their soil,
Not a man but would dare the most perilous toil.
Should our troops but appear, they will rush to the field,
And will die on the spot to a man e’er they yield.
In defence of their honour, their women will fight,
And their navy, triumphant, still sails in our sight.
BUONAPARTE.
Hush, hush, say no more lest some listeners should hear,
And our troops should be taught these fierce Britons to fear.
They are brave; and my soldiers have felt it--what then?
Our numbers are more--to their five, we are ten.
Say their sailors are skilful, oak hearted, and true,
One army may fail, yet another may do.
And though thousands should fatten the sharks in the sea,
There are thousands remaining, _to perish for me_.
In a night, or a fog, we will silent steal over,
And surprise unexpected, the Castle of Dover.
Then to gull the poor dupes of that navy bound land,
You have lies ready coin’d--_’tis your trade_, at command.
We will tell them, and swear it, our sole end and aim,
Is to make them all equally rich--all the same.
I see by your smile you interpret my meaning,
_That where my troops reap, they leave nothing for gleaning_.
They soar at a palace, they swoop to a cot,
And plunder--not leaving one bone for the pot.
Now, Sir, to your duty, your business prepare,
Leave the rest to _my_ Genius, _my_ fortune, _my_ care.
[_Exit Buonaparte, Talleyrand looking after him._
TALLEYRAND.
Your fortune, I fear, Sir, will play you a trick:--
Notwithstanding his vaunts, he is touch’d to the quick.
What folly! what madness, this project inspires,
To conquer a nation, whom liberty fires.
Even now from their shores, loudly echoed, I hear
The song of defiance appalling mine ear.
Their spirit once rous’d, what destruction awakes!
What vengeance, the wretched invaders o’ertakes.
Prophetic, I plead, but my warning is vain,
Ambition still urges, and maddens his brain:
Fired with hopes of rich booty, his soldiers all burn,
THEY MAY GO, SOME MAY LAND, BUT NOT ONE WILL RETURN.
J. B. (November 5, 1803) produced ‘Boney in time for Lord Mayors
Feast.’ At this banquet a sailor produces Napoleon chained, and with
a collar round his neck. He thus introduces him: ‘Here he is, please
your Honors. We caught him alive, on the Suffolk Coast. He was a little
queerish at first, but a few Stripes at the Gangway soon brought him
about. I told him he was just in time for the Lord Mayor’s Show. What
does your honor think of him for the Man in Armour?’ The Lord Mayor,
glass in hand, says: ‘Ay, you see how we live at this end of the town,
but you get no Roast beef here, Master Boney--Let him have plenty of
Soup Maigre--and in the evening take him up to the Ball Room for the
amusement of the Ladies--Come, heres the glorious Ninth of November.’
‘Destruction of the French Gun Boats--or Little Boney and his friend
Talley in high Glee’ is presumably by Gillray, though not signed by
him (November 22, 1803). It represents the total destruction of the
French flotilla by the English fleet--which Napoleon, mounted on
Talleyrand’s shoulder, is watching with great glee through a rolled-up
paper (Talleyrand’s plan for invading Great Britain), which is being
used in lieu of a telescope. He shouts out, in great delight, ‘Oh my
dear Talley, what a glorious sight! We’ve worked up Johnny Bull into a
fine passion! My good fortune never leaves me! I shall now get rid of
a Hundred Thousand French Cut Throats whom I was so afraid of! Oh, my
dear Talley, this beats the Egyptian Poisoning hollow! Bravo Johnny!
pepper ’em Johnny!’
Ansell is answerable for ‘Boney’s Journey to London, or the reason why
he is so long in coming, i.e. because he travels like a Snail with
his house at his back’ (November 23, 1803). He is portrayed as being
in a wooden house, drawn by his soldiers, who are being unmercifully
whipped with a knout-like weapon. Napoleon, calling out to the officer
who is administering the punishment, ‘You Vagabones, make haste, Vite,
Vite, or I shall not get to London by Christmass. Give them more of the
Fraternal Whip, the dam Rascals do not know the value of Liberty.’
END OF THE FIRST VOLUME.
_Spottiswoode & Co., Printers, New-street Square, London._
FOOTNOTES
[1] Chevalier Artand’s _Italy_, p. 377; ‘L’Univers pittoresque,
Europe,’ tome 2, Paris, 1857, ed. Didot.
[2] ‘Ragguaglio Storico di tutto l’occorso, giorno per giorno, nel
Sacco di Roma dell’anno 1527, scritto da Jacopo Bonoparte, gentiluomo
Samminiatere’ (from San Miniato, near Florence) ‘che vi se trovò
presente.’
[3] _Notes and Queries_, 3rd series, vol. xi. p. 307.
[4] From Καλὀς, good, and Μερὶς, part or share--Buona-parte.
[5] _Notes and Queries_, 3rd series, vol. xi. p. 507.
[6] _Memoirs of Madame Junot, Duchesse d’Abrantes_, Bentley, London,
1883. When quoting from her memoirs I always use this translation.
[7] Napoleon omitted the ‘u’ in Buonaparte while general-in-chief in
May 1796.
[8] Madam Junot was very proud of her descent from Constantine
Comnenus, the tenth Protogeras of Maina, who quitted Greece in 1675,
landed at Genoa Jan. 1, 1676, and arrived at Corsica March 14, 1676.
[9] _Buonaparte et la famille, ou Confidences d’un de leurs anciens
amis_, Paris 1816.
[10] Denying by every means the authority of nations, obedience to
princes, or liberty to the Church. He usurped the goods of all, the
treasure of neutrals, the souls of nations: in very truth he was an
execrable tyrant.
[11] _The Corsican’s Downfall_, p. 9.
[12] _Buonaparte the Emperor of the French considered as the Lucifer
and Gog of Isiah and Ezekiel, &c._, by L. Mayer, Lond. 1806, p. 86.
[13] _Memoirs_, p. 269.
[14] His nephew was afterwards prefect in Corsica. He was a relation of
Napoleon.
[15] Daughter of Charles Bonaparte, the Emperor’s uncle, and wife of
Paraviccini, a cousin, also, of Napoleon.
[16] _Memoirs_, p. 7.
[17] _Buonapartiana, ou Choix d’Anecdotes curieuses_, Paris, 1814.
[18] _The Life of Napoleon, a Hudibrastic Poem in Fifteen Cantos, by
Doctor Syntax_ (William Combe). London, 1815.
[19] _Memoirs_, vol. i. p. 10.
[20] _Memoirs_, vol. i. p. 33.
[21] For instance, see _Notes and Queries_, 3rd series, vol. vii. p.
364.
[22] _Romance of London_, vol. iii. p. 172, ed. 1865.
[23] _Memoirs of Madame Junot_, vol. i. p. 73.
[24] _Memoirs_, vol. i. p. 80.
[25] _Amours et Aventures du Vicomte de Barras_, Paris, 1817.
[26] _Notre Dame de Thermidor_, p. 429.
[27] Madame Tallien and Madame Viconti.
[28] _Madame Junot’s Memoirs_, vol. i. p. 249.
[29] Gillray, evidently, was not particular as to dates, for Napoleon
married Josephine in 1796.
[30] _History of the French Consulate under Napoleon Buonaparte, &c._,
by W. Barre, London, 1804.
[31] R. H. Horne.
[32] G. M. Bussey.
[33] The Lord Mayor of London, Thomas Blackhall.
[34] A bogey, a bugbear.
[35] The Directory.
[36] He was the father of our great caricaturist, George; but there is
little doubt from the internal evidence of the pictures, that George
either wholly produced, or materially helped in the execution of many
caricatures signed with his father’s name.
[37] Fox’s residence.
[38] _The True Briton_, May 11, 1798.
[39] _Histoire de Bonaparte, Premier Consul, Depuis sa Naissance,
jusqu’à la Paix de Lunéville_, Paris, chez Barba, 1801.
[40] The italics are mine.--J. A.
[41] _Memoirs_, vol. i. p. 209
[42] Eleven hundred guineas were collected at once on the first day,
besides which, the _Times_, October 4, says, ‘The Royal Exchange and
London Assurance Companies have subscribed 100 guineas each, and the
East India Company have voted 1,000_l._ towards this benevolent and
patriotic fund.’
[43] From _Bonduca_, by Henry Purcell, A.D. 1710.
[44] There is a long account of this lady in _Amours secrètes de
Napoléon, des Princes et Princesses de sa famille, &c._, by M. de B....
2 vols., Paris, 1844, 12mo.
[45] _Napoleon in Exile, or a Voice from St. Helena, &c._, by Barry E.
O’Meara. 2 vols., London, 1822. Vol. ii. p. 127.
[46] Ibid., vol. i. p. 329.
[47] _History of Buonaparte_, price 6_d._ Printed by Cox, Son, &
Baylis, 75 Great Queen Street.
[48] Vol. i. p. 209.
[49] Of Aboukir.
[50] Which probably gave details of the defeats of the French by
Suwaroff, who is thus described in the _Vienna Gazette_ (according
to his portrait by Gillray, May 23, 1799): ‘This extraordinary man
is now in the prime of life, six feet ten inches in height, never
tastes either wine or spirits, takes but one meal a day, and every
morning plunges into an ice bath; his wardrobe consists of a plain
shirt, a white waistcoat and breeches, short boots, and a Russian
cloak; he wears no covering on his head either by day or night; when
tired, he wraps himself up in a blanket, and sleeps in the open air;
he has fought twenty-nine pitched battles, and been in seventy-five
engagements.’
[51] In the _Times_ of November 15, 1799, we read of this dinner
(November 7) that ‘Buonaparte gave the toast, “To the union of all
Frenchmen.”’ The same paper records that Bonaparte had presented Moreau
with a robe enriched with diamonds, which he brought from Egypt, and
was valued at 10,000 livres. This probably purchased his aid in the
_coup d’état_ of the 18th Brumaire.
[52] A gross exaggeration, for he only had his coat torn by a Deputy
who had sufficient courage to collar him.
[53] This was one of Fuseli’s celebrated ‘Milton Gallery,’ a series of
47 pictures, produced between the years 1790 and 1800.
[54] No. 8, Nov. 7, 1800.
[55] The _Porcupine_, No. 13, Nov. 13.
[56] _Ibid._ No. 28, Dec. 1.
[57] The _Porcupine_, No. 30, Dec. 3, 1800.
[58] The _Porcupine_, No. 60, Jan. 7, 1801.
[59] The _Porcupine_, No. 61, Jan. 8, 1801.
[60] Dec. 31, 1800.
[61] Lauriston.
[62] _Porcupine_, No. 291, Oct. 3, 1800.
[63] _Porcupine_, No. 298.
[64] An allusion to his play of that name.
[65] _Memoirs of the Later Years of the Right Honourable Charles James
Fox_, by John Bernard Trotter, Esq., late private secretary to Mr. Fox,
London, 1811.
[66] Fox.
[67] Trotter.
[68] Her real name, _vide his Marriage Register_, was Elizabeth B. Cane.
[69] January 1, 1803. Artist unknown.
[70] A name bestowed on young Addington.
[71] Garnerin, the aeronaut.
[72] Lord Whitworth.
[73] _St. James’s Chronicle_, May 17/19, 1803.
[74] Whitworth.
[75] Is from Mr. Stanhope’s speech at a meeting of Yorkshire noblemen
and gentlemen, at the Castle, York, July 28, 1803, for the purpose of
addressing the king on the situation of the country.
[76] ‘Death is an eternal sleep,’ _vide_ Robespierre’s Decree.
[77] Another name for old Nick.
[78] November 3.
[79] Fesch.
[80] Placentia.
[81] Who had the chief share in promoting the Concordat with the Pope.
[82] The Treaty of Luneville was signed Feb. 9, 1801.
[83]
‘A bawbling vessell was he Captain of,
For shallow draught and bulk unprizable.’--_Twelfth Night_, act 5,
sc. i.
Trifling, insignificant, contemptible.
[84] Pidcock’s Menagerie was one of the best and largest that used
to exhibit in Bartholomew and other fairs: the animals being hired
from Cross’s famous collection in Exeter ‘Change. At this time (1803)
Pidcock was probably dead, as he exhibited in 1769. The show was
afterwards known as Polito’s.
[85] Hanging them. A revival of the old Revolutionary cry of ‘À la
Lanterne!’
[86] Indicative of Hanover.
[87] The Marquis of Hartington in a speech in the House of Commons,
March 17, 1884, said ‘there were now 209,365 volunteers enrolled, of
whom 202,478 were efficient.’--_Morning Post_, March 18, 1884.
Transcriber’s Notes
Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a
predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not
changed.
Missing or extraneous accent marks in French text have not been changed.
Simple typographical errors were corrected; occasional unbalanced
double and single quotation marks were retained.
Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained.
Page 32 refers to eight plates by Woodward about Josephine, but the
book only contained seven.
Page 59: The symbol before “An undoubted likeness” is a hand, pointing
to the right.
Page 62: “Sacrement” was printed that way.
Page 73: “The Gallant Nellson” was printed that way.
Page 123: In the original book, “Egypt” was printed with a strikethrough
and replaced by “Earth”. In the text version of this eBook, this is
represented by “Egypt/Earth”.
Page 162: "the vexation of Little Boney. vide the" was printed that way.
In other sources, "Vide" is capitalized and often followed by a period
and a capital "The".
Page 170: “Projets” was printed that way.
Page 171: “quareling” was printed that way.
Page 201: In the original book, the asterism ⁂ was inverted.
Lyrics on pages 213-214 and 225 were printed with music scores, as
indicated by [Music].