M. Ha.
MARCUS HARTOG, M.A., D.SC., F.L.S.
Professor of Zoology, University College, Cork. Author of
"Protozoa" in _Cambridge Natural History_; and papers for various
scientific journals.
Infusoria.
M. Ja.
MORRIS JASTROW, JUN., PH.D.
Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Author of _Religion of the Babylonians and Assyrians_; &c.
Ishtar.
M. O. B. C.
MAXIMILIAN OTTO BISMARCK CASPARI, M.A.
Reader in Ancient History at London University. Lecturer in Greek
at Birmingham University, 1905-1908.
Irene (752-803).
N. M.
NORMAN MCLEAN, M.A.
Fellow, Lecturer and Librarian of Christ's College, Cambridge.
University Lecturer in Aramaic. Examiner for the Oriental
Languages Tripos and the Theological Tripos at Cambridge.
Isaac of Antioch.
O. J. R. H.
OSBERT JOHN RADCLIFFE HOWARTH, M.A.
Christ Church, Oxford. Geographical Scholar, 1901. Assistant
Secretary of the British Association.
Ireland: _Geography_.
P. A.
PAUL DANIEL ALPHANDÉRY.
Professor of the History of Dogma, École pratique des hautes
études, Sorbonne, Paris. Author of _Les Idées morales chez les
hétérodoxes latines au début du XIII^e. siècle_.
Inquisition.
P. A. K.
PRINCE PETER ALEXEIVITCH KROPOTKIN.
See the biographical article, KROPOTKIN, PRINCE P. A.
Irkutsk (_in part_).
P. C. M.
PETER CHALMERS MITCHELL, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S., D.SC., LL.D.
Secretary to the Zoological Society of London. University
Demonstrator in Comparative Anatomy and Assistant to Linacre
Professor at Oxford, 1888-1891. Examiner in Zoology to the
University of London, 1903. Author of _Outlines of Biology_; &c.
Hybridism.
P. Gi.
PETER GILES, M.A., LL.D., LITT.D.
Fellow and Classical Lecturer of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and
University Reader in Comparative Philology. Formerly Secretary of
the Cambridge Philological Society. Author of _Manual of
Comparative Philology_; &c.
I;
Indo-European Languages.
P. Sm.
PRESERVED SMITH, PH.D.
Rufus B. Kellogg Fellow, Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.
Innocent I., II.
R.
THE RIGHT HON. LORD RAYLEIGH.
See the biographical article, RAYLEIGH, 3RD BARON.
Interference of Light.
R. A. S. M.
ROBERT ALEXANDER STEWART MACALISTER, M.A., F.S.A.
St John's College, Cambridge. Director of Excavations for the
Palestine Exploration Fund.
Idumaea.
R. Ba.
RICHARD BAGWELL, M.A., LL.D.
Commissioner of National Education for Ireland. Author of _Ireland
under the Tudors_; _Ireland under the Stuarts_.
Ireland: _Modern History_.
R. C. J.
SIR RICHARD CLAVERHOUSE JEBB, D.C.L., LL.D.
See the biographical article, JEBB, SIR RICHARD CLAVERHOUSE.
Isaeus;
Isocrates.
R. G.
RICHARD GARNETT. LL.D.
See the biographical article, GARNETT, RICHARD.
Irving, Washington.
R. H. C.
REV. ROBERT HENRY CHARLES, M.A., D.D., D.LITT.
Grinfield Lecturer, and Lecturer in Biblical Studies, Oxford.
Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Professor of Biblical
Greek, Trinity College, Dublin. Author of _Critical History of the
Doctrine of a Future Life_; _Book of Jubilees_; &c.
Isaiah, Ascension of.
R. L.*
RICHARD LYDEKKER, F.R.S., F.Z.S., F.G.S.
Member of the Staff of the Geological Survey of India 1874-1882.
Author of _Catalogues of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in the
British Museum_; _The Deer of all Lands_; &c.
Hyracoidea;
Ibex (_in part_);
Indri;
Insectivora.
R. P. S.
R. PHENÉ SPIERS, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.
Formerly Master of the Architectural School, Royal Academy,
London. Past President of Architectural Association. Associate and
Fellow of King's College, London. Corresponding Member of the
Institute of France. Editor of Fergusson's _History of
Architecture_. Author of _Architecture; East and West_; &c.
Hypaethros.
R. S. C.
ROBERT SEYMOUR CONWAY, M.A., D.LITT.(CANTAB.).
Professor of Latin and Indo-European Philology in the University
of Manchester. Formerly Professor of Latin in University College,
Cardiff; and Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.
Author of _The Italic Dialects_.
Iguvium;
Iovilae.
S.
THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF SELBORNE.
See the biographical article, SELBORNE, 1ST EARL OF.
Hymns.
R. Tr.
ROLAND TRUSLOVE, M.A.
Formerly Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Dean, Fellow and
Lecturer in Classics at Worcester College, Oxford.
Indo-China, French (_in part_).
S. A. C.
STANLEY ARTHUR COOK, M.A.
Lecturer in Hebrew and Syriac, and formerly Fellow, Gonville and
Caius College, Cambridge. Editor for Palestine Exploration Fund.
Author of _Glossary of Aramaic Inscriptions_; _The Laws of Moses
and the Code of Hammurabi_; _Critical Notes on Old Testament
History_; _Religion of Ancient Palestine_; &c.
Ishmael.
S. Bl.
SIGFUS BLÖNDAL.
Librarian of the University of Copenhagen.
Iceland: _Recent Literature_.
T. As.
THOMAS ASHBY, M.A., D.LITT. (Oxon.).
Director of British School of Archaeology at Rome. Formerly
Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, 1897. Conington
Prizeman, 1906. Member of the Imperial German Archaeological
Institute.
Interamna Lirenas;
Ischia.
T. A. I.
THOMAS ALLAN INGRAM, M.A., LL.D.
Trinity College, Dublin.
Illegitimacy;
Insurance (_in part_).
T. Ba.
SIR THOMAS BARCLAY, M.P.
Member of the Institute of International Law. Member of the
Supreme Council of the Congo Free State. Officer of the Legion of
Honour. Author of _Problems of International Practice and
Diplomacy_; &c. M.P. for Blackburn, 1910.
Immunity;
International Law.
T. F.
REV. THOMAS FOWLER, M.A., D.D., LL.D. (1832-1904).
President of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1881-1904. Honorary
Fellow of Lincoln College. Professor of Logic, 1873-1888.
Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, 1899-1901. Author of
_Elements of Deductive Logic_; _Elements of Inductive Logic_;
_Locke_ ("English Men of Letters"); _Shaftesbury and Hutcheson_
("English Philosophers"); &c.
Hutcheson, Francis (_in part_).
T. F. C.
THEODORE FREYLINGHUYSEN COLLIER, PH.D.
Assistant Professor of History, Williams College, Williamstown,
Mass., U.S.A.
Innocent IX.-XIII.
T. H. H.*
COLONEL SIR THOMAS HUNGERFORD HOLDICH, K.C.M.G., K.C.I.E.,
HON.D.SC.
Superintendent, Frontier Surveys, India, 1892-1898. Gold
Medallist, R.G.S., London, 1887. Author of _The Indian
Borderland_; _The Countries of the King's Award_; _India_;
_Tibet_; &c.
Indus.
T. K. C.
REV. THOMAS KELLY CHEYNE, D.D.
See the biographical article, CHEYNE, T. K.
Isaiah.
Th. T.
THORVALDUR THORODDSEN.
Icelandic Expert and Explorer. Honorary Professor in the
University of Copenhagen. Author of _History of Icelandic
Geography_; _Geological Map of Iceland_; &c.
Iceland: _Geography and Statistics_.
W. A. B. C.
REV. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BREVOORT COOLIDGE, M.A., F.R.G.S.,
PH.D.(Bern).
Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History,
St David's College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of _Guide du Haut
Dauphiné_; _The Range of the Tödi_; _Guide to Grindelwald_; _Guide
to Switzerland_; _The Alps in Nature and in History_; &c. Editor
of _The Alpine Journal_, 1880-1881; &c.
Hyères;
Innsbruck;
Interlaken;
Iseo, Lake of;
Isère (_River_);
Isère (_Department_).
W. A. P.
WALTER ALISON PHILLIPS, M.A.
Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St
John's College, Oxford. Author of _Modern Europe_; &c.
Innocent III., IV.
W. C. U.
WILLIAM CAWTHORNE UNWIN, LL.D., F.R.S., M.INST.C.E., M.INST.M.E.,
A.R.I.B.A.
Emeritus Professor, Central Technical College, City and Guilds of
London Institute. Author of _Wrought Iron Bridges and Roofs_;
_Treatise on Hydraulics_; &c.
Hydraulics.
W. F. C.
WILLIAM FEILDEN CRAIES, M.A.
Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Lecturer on Criminal Law, King's
College, London. Editor of Archbold's _Criminal Pleading_ (23rd
edition).
Indictment.
W. F. Sh.
WILLIAM FLEETWOOD SHEPPARD, M.A.
Senior Examiner in the Board of Education, London. Formerly Fellow
of Trinity College, Cambridge. Senior Wrangler, 1884.
Interpolation.
W. G.
WILLIAM GARNETT, M.A., D.C.L.
Educational Adviser to the London County Council. Formerly Fellow
and Lecturer of St John's College, Cambridge. Principal and
Professor of Mathematics, Durham College of Science,
Newcastle-on-Tyne. Author of _Elementary Dynamics_; &c.
Hydrometer.
W. Go.
WILLIAM GOW, M.A., PH.D.
Secretary of the British and Foreign Marine Insurance Co. Ltd.,
Liverpool. Lecturer on Marine Insurance at University College,
Liverpool. Author of _Marine Insurance_; &c.
Insurance: _Marine_.
W. H. F.
SIR WILLIAM HENRY FLOWER, F.R.S.
See the biographical article, FLOWER, SIR W. H.
Ibex (_in part_).
W. H. Po.
W. HALDANE PORTER.
Barrister-at-Law, Middle Temple.
Ireland: _Statistics and Administration_.
W. Ma.
SIR WILLIAM MARKBY, K.C.I.E.
See the biographical article, MARKBY, SIR WILLIAM.
Indian Law.
W. McD.
WILLIAM MCDOUGALL, M.A.
Wilde Reader in Mental Philosophy in the University of Oxford.
Formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.
Hypnotism.
W. M. L.
WALLACE MARTIN LINDSAY, M.A., LITT.D., LL.D.
Professor of Humanity, University of St Andrews. Fellow of the
British Academy. Formerly Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford. Author
of _Handbook of Latin Inscriptions_; _The Latin Language_; &c.
Inscriptions: _Latin_ (_in part_).
W. M. Ra.
SIR WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY, LITT.D., D.C.L.
See the biographical article, RAMSAY, SIR W. MITCHELL.
Iconium.
W. R. So.
WILLIAM RITCHIE SORLEY, M.A., LITT.D., LL.D.
Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Cambridge.
Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. Fellow of the British
Academy. Formerly Fellow of Trinity College. Author of _The Ethics
of Naturalism_; _The Interpretation of Evolution_; &c.
Iamblichus.
W. T. T.-D.
SIR WILLIAM TURNER THISELTON-DYER, F.R.S., K.C.M.G., C.I.E.,
D.SC., LL.D., PH.D., F.L.S.
Hon. Student of Christ Church, Oxford. Director, Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew, 1885-1905. Botanical Adviser to Secretary of State
for Colonies, 1902-1906. Joint-author of _Flora of Middlesex_.
Editor of _Flora Capenses_ and _Flora of Tropical Africa_.
Huxley.
W. Wn.
WILLIAM WATSON, D.SC., F.R.S., A.R.C.S.
Assistant Professor of Physics, Royal College of Science, London.
Vice-President of the Physical Society. Author of _A Text Book of
Practical Physics_; &c.
Inclinometer.
W. W. H.
SIR WILLIAM WILSON HUNTER.
See the biographical article. HUNTER, SIR WILLIAM WILSON.