A
Absolutism; of Hobbes, 43, 44;
of Schopenhauer, 43;
according to Kant, 43, 44, 125-128;
to Locke, 44.
Alexander I. of Russia; 80.
Alexander the Great; 31, 103.
Alsace-Lorraine; annexation of, 90, 92, 95.
Ambrose, Saint; 15.
Amphictyonic League; 16, 22.
Aquinas, Thomas; on fighting clergy, 18;
on war, 18, 19.
Arbitration; as a substitute for war, 79, 81, 87;
difficulties settled by, 80;
where it is useless, 82, 83, 86.
Aristotle; on war, 7, 8;
and rights of an enemy, _ib._; 31;
on the relation between politics and ethics, 162.
Assyrians; war among the, 9.
Augustine, Saint; 16.
B
Balance of power; 26, 95.
Bentham, Jeremy; 26, 79, 92.
Bluntschli, J. K.; 41, 73, 74, 80.
C
Caird, Edward; 3, 51.
Calvin, John; 19.
Carnegie, Andrew; 100.
China; a danger to Europe, 92, 93, 140, 141.
Cicero; on the conduct of war, 22, 41.
Clement of Alexandria; 15.
Clergy, fighting; Origen on, 14, 15;
Wycliffe, 18;
Erasmus, _ib._;
Aquinas, _ib._
Cobden, Richard; 64.
Corvinus, Matthias; 109.
Cowper, William; 5, 38, 123.
Crusades, wars of the; 16, 103.
D
Dante, Alighieri; on mediation, 46;
on universal monarchy, 68, 69.
Disarmament; 88-93;
Czar’s proposal of, 90;
practicability of, 90-93.
Dubois, Cardinal; 36.
E
Empire; of Rome, 9, 20, 68;
world-, spiritual, 23, 32, 69;
of Alexander the Great, 31, 68;
Frankish, 69;
Holy Roman 69;
of Napoleon I., 69.
Erasmus, Desiderius; and European peace, 17;
on war, 18, 19;
on fighting clergy, 18, 32.
F
Farrar, J. A.; 18.
Federation; Kant’s idea of, 60, 68, 69, 128-137; 88, 92, 93, 95, 97;
probable results of, 98, 99, 100, 134.
Fichte, J. G.; 69, 99.
Finland; 92, 95.
Fischer, Kuno; 62, 67.
Fleury, Cardinal; 55.
Frederick the Great; 66, 126.
G
Gentilis, Albericus; 21, 32.
Golden Age; 3, 41.
Government; origin of, according to Plato, 5;
according to Hume, 5, 52;
to Cowper, 5, 6;
to Hobbes, 40-42, 118, 119;
to Kant, 51-54, 152-154;
to Rousseau, 52;
to Locke, 53;
representative, 65-68, 120, 121, 124-128.
Greeks; their attitude to other nations, 7;
to an enemy, _ib._;
their Sacred Wars, 16;
the Amphictyonic League, 16.
Grotius, Hugo; his _De Jure Belli et Pacis_, 24-27;
and the _Jus Gentium_, 24, 25;
and the Law of Nature, 25;
on peace, 27, 32, 40, 131.
H
Hague Conference (1899); 86, 90.
Hegel, G. W. F.; 57;
on war, 71, 72, 75.
Henry IV. of France; 30, 32, 33, 36.
Hobbes, Thomas; his theory of the state of nature and origin of
government, 4, 40-42, 51, 118, 119, 133; 6, 26, 27, 28, 37;
his influence on Kant, 40, 46;
his views on revolution, 41, 188;
of the relations between states, 43-46, 128, 131;
on the conduct of war, 45, 89, 120, 124, 159.
Holls, Fred. W.; 86.
Hooker, Richard; 52;
on the depravity of man, 173.
Hume, David; on the origin of government, 5, 52;
on the state of nature, 40, 41;
on the original contract, 52, 108, 109, 162.
I
International Law; the development of, 20-24;
its connection with the Reformation, 21, 24;
in Greece and Rome, 22, 23.
Intervention; 64, 93, 94, 112, 113.
J
Jews; war among the, 9-11;
their dream of peace, 32.
Justin; 15.
K
Kant, Immanuel; 26, 37;
his indebtedness to earlier political writers, 40, 46;
his theory of human development, 47-49;
and how this is possible, 49-51, 54;
on the foundation of the state, 51-54, 152-154;
the relations between states and individuals, 54, 55, 117-120,
128, 173, 174;
the necessity for reform within the state, 55, 56, 168;
the political and social conditions of his time, 57-59;
his attitude to war, 58, 133, 135, 136, 137, 149-151;
on the growing power of commerce, 59, 65, 142, 157;
his idea of federation, 60, 68, 69, 128-137, 192;
and ideal of perpetual peace, 61, 129, 196;
the conditions of its realization, 62-69;
on representative and other constitutions, 65-68, 120-128, 152,
153, 167;
his opinion of the English constitution, 66;
his disapproval of universal monarchy, 68, 69, 155, 156; 79, 83,
89, 100, 105;
on the right of way, 137-142;
on nature’s guarantee of a perpetual peace, 143-157;
on the relation between politics and morals, 161-196;
on revolution, 167, 168, 186-188.
L
Laveleye, Émile de; 81.
Lawrence, T. J.; 9, 78, 81.
Leibniz, Gottfried W.; 36;
his criticism of St. Pierre, 37, 38, 58, 106.
Locke, John; and the golden age, 3, 4;
on the original contract, 53;
on revolution, 53, 188; 67, 133.
Lorimer, James; 34, 80.
Louis Philippe; 76.
Luther, Martin; on war, 19.
M
Machiavelli, Nicolo; 162.
Maine, Henry; on Grotius and the _Jus Gentium_, 24, 25.
Maistre, Joseph de; 71.
Martineau, James; 102.
Mennonites; and war, 14.
Military service; of Christians, 14, 16, 18, 19;
compulsory, 89;
voluntary, 111.
Mill, John Stuart; 80.
Moltke, Graf von; 71, 73-75.
Monarchy, universal; the ideal of Dante, 68, 69;
disapproved by Kant, 68, 69, 155, 156;
and Fichte, 69.
Montesquieu, Baron de; on self-preservation, 83;
on armed peace, 88, 159.
More, Thomas; 32.
Morley, John; 3.
N
Napoleon Bonaparte; Empire of, 69, 71, 72, 76, 77.
Napoleon, Louis; 80.
National Debt; 63, 64, 111, 112.
O
Origen; on military service, 14, 15.
Original Contract; 40;
as understood by Rousseau, 52;
by Hobbes, 52, 53;
by Hooker, 52;
by Hume, _ib._;
by Kant, _ib._;
by Locke, 53.
P
Paris Congress (1856); 86.
Paulsen, Friedrich; 43, 52, 53, 66, 78.
Peace, perpetual; the dream of, 29-33;
projects of, by Penn, 30;
by Henry IV., 30, 33, 34;
by St. Pierre, 30, 32, 34-37;
Rousseau’s attitude to, 38-40, 106;
for Kant an ideal, 61, 129;
the articles of, 62-69, 107-142, 158-160;
the guarantee of, 143-157.
Peace Societies; 70, 75, 78, 79, 80, 86, 87;
and disarmament, 88, 96, 97, 100, 101, 102.
Penn, William; 30.
Plato; on the origin of the state, 5;
on war, 8, 41;
on the relation between ethics and politics, 162.
Poland; 92, 93, 95.
Politics; and morals, according to Kant, 161-196;
to Plato, 162;
to Aristotle, _ib._;
to Hume, _ib._;
sophistical maxims of, 170-172.
Pope, Alexander; 4, 127.
Puffendorf, Samuel; 27;
on intervention, 64, 131.
Q
Quakers; and war, 14.
R
Reformation; and military service, 18;
and international law, 21, 24.
Religion; Roman, and war, 9;
Jewish, 9-11;
Mohammedan, 10;
Buddhist, and conversion, 12;
Christian, and war, 12-20.
Revolution, right of; according to Hobbes, 41, 53;
and Spinoza, 41;
according to Locke, 53;
to Rousseau, _ib._;
to Kant, 167, 186-188.
Right of way; Vattel on, 65, 138;
Kant on, 65, 137-142.
Ritchie, D. G.; on Rousseau, 3;
on Locke and the golden age, _ib._, 52, 85, 98.
Robertson, William; 6, 17, 18, 19.
Romans; and war, 7, 8, 9, 22, 23;
and international law, 22, 23.
Rousseau, J. J.; and the state of nature, 2, 3, 52; 26, 28;
his criticism of St. Pierre, 38-40;
his views on militarism, 39;
on the original contract, 52;
on revolution, 53, 188; 61, 67, 100, 132, 134;
on democratic and republican governments, 153;
on the depravity of man, 173.
Russia; Alexander I. of, 80;
the Czar of, 90;
the backward civilization of, 92, 93, 94, 95.
S
Schiller, Friedrich von; on war and peace, 71, 72, 73, 75.
Schopenhauer, Arthur; 43.
Spencer, Herbert; 76.
Spinoza, Benedict; on the state of nature, 41;
and revolution, _ib._
Standing armies; 63, 64, 89, 110.
State of nature; according to Rousseau, 2, 3;
and the golden age, 3;
Hobbes’ theory of, 4, 40, 41, 118;
according to Hume a philosophical fiction, 41;
according to Kant, 117-120.
States; transference of, 63, 108, 109;
marriage between, 109.
St. Pierre, Castel de; 30, 32, 33;
his _Projet_, 34-37;
and Leibniz, 37, 38;
and Rousseau, 38-40; 61, 67, 79, 92, 106.
Sully, Duke of; 30, 32, 33.
T
Tennyson, Lord; 73, 74.
Tertullian; 14, 15.
Treaties of peace; in Greece, 7, 63, 64, 107, 108.
Treitschke, H. von; 75.
Trendelenburg, F. A.; 75.
V
Vattel, Emerich; his _Droit des Gens_, 28, 29;
on intervention, 64, 113, 114;
on the right of way, 65;
of self-preservation, 83, 89, 103;
on treaties, 108; 131.
Voltaire, François de; 33, 37, 38.
W
War; religious, 16;
private, 17, 20, 29;
dynastic, 38, 57, 123;
Kant’s attitude to, 58, 133, 135, 136, 137, 149-151;
its influence on progress, 70, 96, 103;
views of Hegel on, 71, 72, 75;
of Schiller, 71, 72, 73, 75;
of Moltke, 71, 73, 74, 75;
under altered conditions, 76, 77, 78;
when just, 84, 85;
future probable causes of, 94, 95;
honorable conduct of, 114, 115.
Wycliffe, John; and fighting clergy, 18.
Z
Zwingli, Huldreich, 19.
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