_His Visits to_ Pennsylvania, Shrewsbury, _and_ Squan_--His
publishing the second Part of Considerations on keeping
Negroes_--_His visiting the Families of Friends of_ Ancocas _and_
Mount-Holly _Meetings_--_His Visits to the_ Indians _at_ Wehaloosing
_on the River_ Susquehannah
Having felt my Mind drawn toward a Visit to a few Meetings in
_Pennsylvania_, I was very desirous to be rightly instructed as to the
Time of setting off: And, on the tenth Day of the fifth Month, 1761,
being the first Day of the Week, I went to _Haddonfield_ Meeting,
concluding to seek for heavenly Instruction, and come Home, or go on, as
I might then believe best for me; and there, through the springing up of
pure Love, I felt Encouragement, and so crossed the River. In this Visit
I was at two Quarterly and three Monthly-meetings; and, in the Love of
Truth, felt my Way open to labour with some noted Friends, who kept
Negroes: And, as I was favoured to keep to the Root, and endeavoured to
discharge what I believed was required of me, I found inward Peace
therein, from Time to Time, and Thankfulness of Heart to the Lord, who
was graciously pleased to be a Guide to me.
In the eighth Month, 1761, having felt Drawings in my Mind to visit
Friends in and about _Shrewsbury_, I went there, and was at their
Monthly-meeting, and their First-day-meeting; and had a Meeting at
_Squan_, and another at _Squankum_; and, as Way opened, had Conversation
with some noted Friends concerning their Slaves: And I returned Home in
a thankful Sense of the Goodness of the Lord.
From the Care I felt growing in me some Years, I wrote Considerations on
keeping Negroes, Part the Second; which was printed this Year, 1762.
When the Overseers of the Press had done with it, they offered to get a
Number printed, to be paid for out of the Yearly-meeting Stock, and to
be given away; but I being most easy to publish them at my own Expence,
and, offering my Reasons, they appeared satisfied.
This Stock is the Contribution of the Members of our religious Society
in general; amongst whom are some who keep Negroes; and, being inclined
to continue them in Slavery, are not likely to be satisfied with those
Books being spread amongst a People where many of the Slaves are taught
to read, and especially not at their Expence; and such often, receiving
them as a Gift, conceal them: But as they, who make a Purchase,
generally buy that which they have a Mind for, I believe it best to sell
them; expecting, by that Means, they would more generally be read with
Attention. Advertisements being signed by Order of the Overseers of the
Press, directed to be read in Monthly-meetings of Business within our
own Yearly-meeting, informing where the Books were, and that the Price
was no more than the Cost of printing and binding them, many were taken
off in our Parts; some I sent to _Virginia_, some to _New-York_, and
some to _Newport_, to my Acquaintance there; and some I kept, expecting
to give Part of them away, where there appeared a Prospect of Service.
In my Youth I was used to hard Labour; and, though I was middling
healthy, yet my Nature was not fitted to endure so much as many others:
So that, being often weary, I was prepared to sympathize with those
whose Circumstances in Life, as free Men, required constant Labour to
answer the Demands of their Creditors, and with others under Oppression.
In the Uneasiness of Body, which I have many Times felt by too much
Labour, not as a forced but as a voluntary Oppression, I have often been
excited to think on the original Cause of that Oppression, which is
imposed on many in the World: And, the latter Part of the Time wherein I
laboured on our Plantation, my Heart, through the fresh Visitations of
heavenly Love, being often tender, and my leisure Time frequently spent
in reading the Life and Doctrines of our blessed Redeemer, the Account
of the Sufferings of Martyrs, and the History of the first Rise of our
Society, a Belief was gradually settled in my Mind, that if such, as had
great Estates, generally lived in that Humility and Plainness which
belongs to a _Christian_ Life, and laid much easier Rents and Interests
on their Lands and Monies, and thus led the Way to a right Use of
Things, so great a Number of People might be employed in Things useful,
that Labour, both for Men and other Creatures, would need to be no more
than an agreeable Employ; and divers Branches of Business, which serve
chiefly to please the natural Inclinations of our Minds, and which, at
present, seem necessary to circulate that Wealth which some gather,
might, in this Way of pure Wisdom, be discontinued. And, as I have thus
considered these Things, a Query, at Times, hath arisen: Do I, in all my
Proceedings, keep to that Use of Things which is agreeable to universal
Righteousness? And then there hath some Degree of Sadness, at Times,
come over me, for that I accustomed myself to some Things, which
occasioned more Labour than I believe divine Wisdom intends for us.
From my early Acquaintance with Truth I have often felt an inward
Distress, occasioned by the striving of a Spirit in me against the
Operation of the heavenly Principle; and in this Circumstance have been
affected with a Sense of my own Wretchedness, and in a mourning
Condition felt earnest Longing for that divine Help, which brings the
Soul into true Liberty; and sometimes, in this State, retiring into
private Places, the Spirit of Supplication hath been given me; and,
under a heavenly Covering, I have asked my gracious Father to give me a
Heart in all Things resigned to the Direction of his Wisdom.
In visiting People of Note in the Society who had Slaves, and labouring
with them in brotherly Love on that Account, I have seen, and the Sight
hath affected me, that a Conformity to some Customs, distinguishable
from pure Wisdom, has entangled many; and the Desire of Gain, to support
these Customs, greatly opposed the Work of Truth: And sometimes, when
the Prospect of the Work before me has been such, that in Bowedness of
Spirit, I have been drawn into retired Places, and besought the Lord
with Tears that he would take me wholly under his Direction, and shew me
the Way in which I ought to walk, it hath revived, with Strength of
Conviction, that, if I would be his faithful Servant, I must, in all
Things, attend to his Wisdom, and be teachable; and so cease from all
Customs contrary thereto, however used amongst religious People.
As he is the Perfection of Power, of Wisdom, and of Goodness, so, I
believe, he hath provided, that so much Labour shall be necessary for
Men's Support, in this World, as would, being rightly divided, be a
suitable Employment of their Time; and that we cannot go into
Superfluities, or grasp after Wealth in a Way contrary to his Wisdom,
without having Connection with some Degree of Oppression, and with that
Spirit which leads to Self-exaltation and Strife, and which frequently
brings Calamities on Countries, by Parties contending about their
Claims.
In the eleventh Month of the Year 1762, feeling an Engagement of Mind to
visit some Families in _Mansfield_. I joined my beloved Friend, BENJAMIN
JONES, and we spent a few Days together in that Service. In the second
Month, 1763, I joined in Company with ELIZABETH SMITH and MARY NOBLE on
a Visit to the Families of Friends at _Ancocas_; in both which Visits,
through the baptizing Power of Truth, the sincere Labourers were often
comforted, and the Hearts of Friends opened to receive us. And, in the
fourth Month following, I accompanied some Friends in a Visit to the
Families of Friends in _Mount-Holly_, in which my Mind was often drawn
into an inward Awfulness, wherein strong Desires were raised for the
everlasting Welfare of my Fellow-creatures; and, through the Kindness of
our heavenly Father, our Hearts were, at Times, enlarged, and Friends
invited, in the Flowings of divine Love, to attend to that which would
settle them on the sure Foundation.
Having many Years felt Love in my Heart towards the Natives of this
Land, who dwell far back in the Wilderness, whose Ancestors were the
Owners and Possessors of the Land where we dwell; and who, for a very
small Consideration, assigned their Inheritance to us; and, being at
_Philadelphia_, in the eighth Month, 1761, in a Visit to some Friends
who had Slaves, I fell in Company with some of those Natives who lived
on the East Branch of the River _Susquehannah_, at an _Indian_ Town
called _Wehaloosing_, two hundred Miles from _Philadelphia_, and, in
Conversation with them by an Interpreter, as also by Observations on
their Countenances and Conduct, I believed some of them were measurably
acquainted with that divine Power which subjects the rough and forward
Will of the Creature: And, at Times, I felt inward Drawings toward a
Visit to that Place, of which I told none except my dear Wife, until it
came to some Ripeness; and, then, in the Winter, 1762, I laid it before
Friends at our Monthly and Quarterly, and afterwards at our general
Spring-meeting; and, having the Unity of Friends, and being thoughtful
about an _Indian_ Pilot, there came a Man and three Women from a little
beyond that Town to _Philadelphia_ on Business: And I, being informed
thereof by Letter, met them in Town in the fifth Month, 1763; and, after
some Conversation, finding they were sober People, I, by the Concurrence
of Friends in that Place, agreed to join with them as Companions in
their Return; and, on the seventh Day of the sixth Month following, we
appointed to meet at SAMUEL FOULK'S, at _Richland_ in _Bucks_ County.
Now, as this Visit felt weighty, and was performed at a Time when
Travelling appeared perilous, so the Dispensations of divine Providence,
in preparing my Mind for it, have been memorable; and I believe it good
for me to give some Hints thereof.
After I had given up to go, the Thoughts of the Journey were often
attended with unusual Sadness; in which Times my Heart was frequently
turned to the Lord with inward Breathings for his heavenly Support, that
I might not fail to follow him wheresoever he might lead me: And, being
at our Youths Meeting at _Chesterfield_, about a Week before the Time I
expected to set off, I was there led to speak on that Prayer of our
Redeemer to his Father: "I pray not that thou shouldest take them out of
the World, but that thou shouldest keep them from the Evil." And, in
attending to the pure Openings of Truth, I had to mention what he
elsewhere said to his Father; "I know that thou hearest me at all
Times:" So that, as some of his Followers kept their Places, and as his
Prayer was granted, it followed necessarily that they were kept from
Evil: And, as some of those met with great Hardships and Afflictions in
this World, and at last suffered Death by cruel Men, it appears, that
whatsoever befals Men while they live in pure Obedience to God, as it
certainly works for their Good, so it may not be considered an Evil as
if relates to them. As I spake on this Subject, my Heart was much
tendered, and great Awfulness came over me; and then, on the first Day
of the next Week, being at our own Afternoon-meeting, and my Heart being
enlarged in Love, I was led to speak on the Care and Protection of the
Lord over his People, and to make mention of that Passage, where a Band
of _Assyrians_ endeavouring to take captive the Prophet, were
disappointed; and how the Psalmist said, "The Angel of the Lord
encampeth round about them that fear him." And thus, in true Love and
Tenderness, I parted from Friends, expecting the next Morning, to
proceed on my Journey, and, being weary, went early to Bed; and, after I
had been asleep a short Time, I was awaked by a Man calling at my Door;
and, arising, was invited to meet some Friends at a Publick-house in our
Town, who came from _Philadelphia_ so late, that Friends were generally
gone to Bed: These Friends informed me, that an Express arrived the last
Morning from _Pittsburgh_, and brought News that the _Indians_ had taken
a Fort from the _English_ Westward, and slain and scalped _English_
People in divers Places, some near the said _Pittsburgh_; and that some
elderly Friends in _Philadelphia_, knowing the Time of my expecting to
set off, had conferred together, and thought good to inform me of these
Things, before I left Home, that I might consider them, and proceed as I
believed best; so I, going again to Bed, told not my Wife till Morning.
My Heart was turned to the Lord for his heavenly Instruction; and it was
an humbling Time to me. When I told my dear Wife, she appeared to be
deeply concerned about it; but, in a few Hours Time, my Mind became
settled in a Belief, that it was my Duty to proceed on my Journey; and
she bore it with a good Degree of Resignation. In this Conflict of
Spirit, there were great Searchings of Heart, and strong Cries to the
Lord, that no Motion might be, in the least Degree, attended to, but
that of the pure Spirit of Truth.
The Subjects before-mentioned, on which I had so lately spoken in
publick, were now very fresh before me; and I was brought inwardly to
commit myself to the Lord, to be disposed of as he saw best. So I took
Leave of my Family and Neighbours, in much Bowedness of Spirit, and went
to our Monthly-meeting at _Burlington_; and, after taking Leave of
Friends there, I crossed the River, accompanied by my Friends, ISRAEL
and JOHN PEMBERTON; and, parting the next Morning with ISRAEL, JOHN bore
me Company to SAMUEL FOULK'S, where I met the before-mentioned
_Indians_, and we were glad to see each other: Here my Friend, BENJAMIN
PARVIN, met me, and proposed joining as a Companion, we having passed
some Letters before on the Subject; and now, on his Account, I had a
sharp Trial; for, as the Journey appeared perilous, I thought, if he
went chiefly to bear me Company, and we should be taken Captive, my
having been the Means of drawing him into these Difficulties would add
to my own Afflictions: So I told him my Mind freely, and let him know
that I was resigned to go alone; but, after all, if he really believed
it to be his Duty to go on, I believed his Company would be very
comfortable to me: It was indeed a Time of deep Exercise, and BENJAMIN
appeared to be so fastened to the Visit, that he could not be easy to
leave me; so we went on, accompanied by our Friends, JOHN PEMBERTON, and
WILLIAM LIGHTFOOT of _Pikeland_, and lodged at _Bethlehem_; and there,
parting with JOHN, WILLIAM and we went forward on the ninth Day of the
sixth Month, and got Lodging on the Floor of a House, about five Miles
from _Fort-Allen_: Here we parted with WILLIAM; and at this Place we
met with an _Indian_ Trader, lately come from _Wioming_; and, in
Conversation with him, I perceived that many white People do often sell
Rum to the _Indians_, which, I believe, is a great Evil; first, they
being thereby deprived of the Use of their Reason, and their Spirits
violently agitated, Quarrels often arise, which end in Mischief; and the
Bitterness and Resentments, occasioned hereby, are frequently of long
Continuance; Again, their Skins and Furs, gotten through much Fatigue
and hard Travels in Hunting, with which they intended to buy Clothing,
when they become intoxicated, they often sell at a low Rate for more
Rum; and afterward, when they suffer for want of the Necessaries of
Life, are angry with those who, for the Sake of Gain, took the Advantage
of their Weakness: Of this their Chiefs have often complained, at their
Treaties with the _English_. Where cunning People pass Counterfeits, and
impose that on others which is good for nothing, it is considered as a
Wickedness; but, to sell that to People which we know does them Harm,
and which often works their Ruin, for the Sake of Gain, manifests a
hardened and corrupt Heart, and is an Evil, which demands the Care of
all true Lovers of Virtue to suppress: And while my Mind, this Evening,
was thus employed, I also remembered, that the People on the Frontiers,
among whom this Evil is too common, are often poor; who venture to the
Outside of a Colony, that they may live more independent on such as are
wealthy, who often set high Rents on their Land: Being renewedly
confirmed in a Belief, that, if all our Inhabitants lived according to
sound Wisdom, labouring to promote universal Love and Righteousness, and
ceased from every inordinate Desire after Wealth, and from all Customs
which are tinctured with Luxury, the Way would be easy for our
Inhabitants, though much more numerous than at present, to live
comfortably on honest Employments, without having that Temptation they
are often under of being drawn into Schemes to make Settlements on Lands
which have not been purchased of the _Indians_, or of applying to that
wicked Practice of selling Rum to them.
On the tenth Day of the Month we set out early in the Morning, and
crossed the Western Branch of _Delaware_, called the _Great Lehie_, near
_Fort-Allen_; the Water being high, we went over in a Canoe: Here we met
an _Indian_, and had some friendly Conversation with him, and gave him
some Biscuit; and he having killed a Deer, gave the _Indians_ with us
some of it: Then, after travelling some Miles, we met several _Indian_
Men and Women with a Cow and Horse, and some Household Goods, who were
lately come from their Dwelling at _Wioming_, and going to settle at
another Place; we made them some small Presents, and, some of them
understanding _English_, I told them my Motive in coming into their
Country, with which they appeared satisfied: And, one of our Guides
talking a While with an ancient Woman concerning us, the poor old Woman
came to my Companion and me, and took her Leave of us with an Appearance
of sincere Affection. So, going on, we pitched our Tent near the Banks
of the same River, having laboured hard in crossing some of those
Mountains called the Blue-Ridge; and, by the Roughness of the Stones,
and the Cavities between them, and the Steepness of the Hills, it
appeared dangerous; but we were preserved in Safety, through the
Kindness of him, whose Works in those mountainous Desarts appeared
awful: Toward whom my Heart was turned during this Day's Travel.
Near our Tent, on the Sides of large Trees peeled for that Purpose, were
various Representations of Men going to, and returning from the Wars,
and of some killed in Battle; this being a Path heretofore used by
Warriours: And, as I walked about viewing those _Indian_ Histories,
which were painted mostly in red, but some in black; and thinking on the
innumerable Afflictions which the proud, fierce, Spirit produceth in the
World; thinking on the Toils and Fatigues of Warriours, travelling over
Mountains and Desarts; thinking on their Miseries and Distresses when
wounded far from Home by their Enemies; and of their Bruises and great
Weariness in chasing one another over the Rocks and Mountains; and of
their restless, unquiet, State of Mind, who live in this Spirit; and of
the Hatred which mutually grows up in the Minds of the Children of those
Nations engaged in War with each other: During these Meditations, the
Desire to cherish the Spirit of Love and Peace amongst these People
arose very fresh in me. This was the first Night that we lodged in the
Woods; and, being wet with travelling in the Rain, the Ground, our Tent,
and the Bushes, which we proposed to lay under our Blankets, being also
wet, all looked discouraging; but I believed, that it was the Lord who
had thus far brought me forward, and that he would dispose of me as he
saw good; and therein I felt easy: So we kindled a Fire, with our Tent
open to it; and, with some Bushes next the Ground, and then our
Blankets, we made our Bed, and, lying down, got some Sleep; and, in the
Morning, feeling a little unwell, I went into the River; the Water was
cold, but soon after I felt fresh and well.
The eleventh Day of the sixth Month, the Bushes being wet, we tarried in
our Tent till about eight o'Clock; when, going on, we crossed a high
Mountain supposed to be upwards of four Miles over; the Steepness on the
North Side exceeding all the others. We also crossed two Swamps, and, it
raining near Night, we pitched our Tent and lodged.
About Noon, on our Way, we were overtaken by one of the _Moravian_
Brethren, going to _Wehaloosing_, and an _Indian_ Man with him, who
could talk _English_; and we, being together while our Horses ate Grass,
had some friendly Conversation; but they, travelling faster than we,
soon left us. This _Moravian_, I understood, had spent some Time this
Spring at _Wehaloosing_, and was, by some of the _Indians_, invited to
come again.
The twelfth Day of the sixth Month, and first of the Week, it being a
rainy Day, we continued in our Tent; and here I was led to think on the
Nature of the Exercise which hath attended me: Love was the first
Motion, and thence a Concern arose to spend some Time with the
_Indians_, that I might feel and understand their Life, and the Spirit
they live in, if haply I might receive some Instruction from them, or
they be in any Degree helped forward by my following the Leadings of
Truth amongst them: And, as it pleased the Lord to make Way for my going
at a Time when the Troubles of War were increasing, and when, by Reason
of much wet Weather, Travelling was more difficult than usual at that
Season, I looked upon it as a more favourable Opportunity to season my
Mind, and bring me into a nearer Sympathy with them: And, as mine Eye
was to the great Father of Mercies, humbly desiring to learn what his
Will was concerning me, I was made quiet and content.
Our Guide's Horse, though hoppled, went away in the Night; after finding
our own, and searching some Time for him, his Footsteps were discovered
in the Path going back again, whereupon my kind Companion went off in
the Rain, and, about seven Hours after, returned with him: And here we
lodged again; tying up our Horses before we went to Bed, and loosing
them to feed about Break of Day.
On the thirteenth Day of the sixth Month, the Sun appearing, we set
forward; and, as I rode over the barren Hills, my Meditations were on
the Alterations of the Circumstances of the Natives of this Land since
the Coming in of the _English_. The Lands near the Sea are conveniently
situated for fishing; the Lands near the Rivers, where the Tides flow,
and some above, are in many Places fertile, and not mountainous; while
the Running of the Tides makes passing up and down easy with any Kind of
Traffic. Those Natives have, in some Places, for trifling
Considerations, sold their Inheritance so favourably situated; and, in
other Places, been driven back by superior Force: So that in many
Places, as their Way of clothing themselves is now altered from what it
was, and they, far remote from us, have to pass over Mountains, Swamps,
and barren Desarts, Travelling is very troublesome, in bringing their
Skins and Furs to trade with us.
By the extending of _English_ Settlements, and partly by _English_
Hunters, the wild Beasts, they chiefly depend on for a Subsistance, are
not so plenty as they were; and People too often, for the Sake of Gain,
open a Door for them to waste their Skins and Furs, in purchasing a
Liquor which tends to the Ruin of them and their Families.
My own Will and Desires were now very much broken, and my Heart, with
much Earnestness, turned to the Lord, to whom alone I looked for Help in
the Dangers before me. I had a Prospect of the _English_ along the
Coast, for upwards of nine hundred Miles, where I had travelled; and the
favourable Situation of the _English_, and the Difficulties attending
the Natives in many Places, and the Negroes, were open before me; and a
weighty and heavenly Care came over my Mind, and Love filled my Heart
toward all Mankind, in which I felt a strong Engagement, that we might
be obedient to the Lord, while, in tender Mercies, he is yet calling to
us; and so attend to pure universal Righteousness, as to give no just
Cause of Offence to the _Gentiles_, who do not profess _Christianity_,
whether the Blacks from _Africa_, or the native Inhabitants of this
Continent: And here I was led into a close laborious Enquiry, whether I,
as an Individual, kept clear from all Things which tended to stir up, or
were connected with Wars, either in this Land or _Africa_; and my Heart
was deeply concerned, that, in future, I might in all Things keep
steadily to the pure Truth, and live and walk in the Plainness and
Simplicity of a sincere Follower of Christ. And, in this lonely Journey,
I did, this Day, greatly bewail the Spreading of a wrong Spirit,
believing, that the prosperous, convenient, Situation of the _English_,
requires a constant Attention to divine Love and Wisdom to guide and
support us in a Way answerable to the Will of that good, gracious, and
almighty Being, who hath an equal Regard to all Mankind: And, here,
Luxury and Covetousness, with the numerous Oppressions, and other Evils
attending them, appeared very afflicting to me; and I felt in that which
is immutable, that the Seeds of great Calamity and Desolation are sown
and growing fast on this Continent: Nor have I Words sufficient to set
forth that Longing I then felt, that we, who are placed along the Coast,
and have tasted the Love and Goodness of God, might arise in his
Strength; and, like faithful Messengers, labour to check the Growth of
these Seeds, that they may not ripen to the Ruin of our Posterity.
We reached the _Indian_ Settlement at _Wioming_; and here we were told,
that an _Indian_ Runner had been at that Place a Day or two before us,
and brought News of the _Indians_ taking an _English_ Fort westward, and
destroying the People, and that they were endeavouring to take another;
and also, that another _Indian_ Runner came there about the Middle of
the Night before we got there, who came from a Town about ten Miles
above _Wehaloosing_, and brought News, that some _Indian_ Warriours,
from distant Parts, came to that Town with two _English_ Scalps, and
told the People, that it was War with the _English_.
Our Guides took us to the House of a very ancient Man; and, soon after
we had put in our Baggage, there came a Man from another _Indian_ House
some Distance off; and I, perceiving there was a Man near the Door, went
out; and, having a Tomahawk wrapped under his Matchcoat out of Sight, as
I approached him, he took it in his Hand; I, however, went forward, and,
speaking to him in a friendly Way, perceived he understood some
_English_: My Companion then coming out, we had some Talk with him
concerning the Nature of our Visit in these Parts; and then he going
into the House with us, and talking with our Guides, soon appeared
friendly, and sat down and smoked his Pipe. Though his taking his
Hatchet in his Hand, at the Instant I drew near to him, had a
disagreeable Appearance, I believe he had no other Intent than to be in
Readiness in case any Violence was offered to him.
Hearing the News brought by these _Indian_ Runners, and being told by
the _Indians_ where we lodged, that what _Indians_ were about _Wioming_
expected, in a few Days, to move to some larger Towns, I thought that,
to all outward Appearance, it was dangerous Travelling at this Time; and
was, after a hard Day's Journey, brought into a painful Exercise at
Night, in which I had to trace back, and view over the Steps I had taken
from my first Moving in the Visit; and though I had to bewail some
Weakness which, at Times, had attended me, yet I could not find that I
had ever given way to a wilful Disobedience: And then, as I believed I
had, under a Sense of Duty, come thus far, I was now earnest in Spirit,
beseeching the Lord to shew me what I ought to do. In this great
Distress I grew jealous of myself, lest the Desire of Reputation, as a
Man firmly settled to persevere through Dangers, or the Fear of Disgrace
arising on my returning without performing the Visit, might have some
Place in me: Thus I lay, full of Thoughts, great Part of the Night,
while my beloved Companion lay and slept by me; till the Lord, my
gracious Father, who saw the Conflicts of my Soul, was pleased to give
Quietness: Then I was again strengthened to commit my Life, and all
Things relating thereto, into his heavenly Hands; and, getting a little
Sleep toward Day, when Morning came we arose.
On the fourteenth Day of the sixth Month, we sought out and visited all
the _Indians_ hereabout that we could meet with; they being chiefly in
one Place, about a Mile from where we lodged, in all perhaps twenty.
Here I expressed the Care I had on my Mind for their Good; and told
them, that true Love had made me willing thus to leave my Family to come
and see the _Indians_, and speak with them in their Houses. Some of them
appeared kind and friendly. So we took our Leave of these _Indians_, and
went up the River _Susquehannah_, about three Miles, to the House of an
_Indian_, called JACOB JANUARY, who had killed his Hog; and the Women
were making store of Bread, and preparing to move up the River. Here our
Pilots left their Canoe when they came down in the Spring, which lying
dry, was leaky; so that we, being detained some Hours, had a good deal
of friendly Conversation with the Family; and, eating Dinner with them,
we made them some small Presents. Then, putting our Baggage in the
Canoe, some of them pushed slowly up the Stream, and the rest of us rode
our Horses; and swimming them over a Creek, called _Lahawahamunk_, we
pitched our Tent a little above it, there being a Shower in the Evening:
And, in a Sense of God's Goodness in helping me in my Distress,
sustaining me under Trials, and inclining my Heart to trust in him, I
lay down in an humble bowed Frame of Mind, and had a comfortable Night's
Lodging.
On the fifteenth Day of the sixth Month, we proceeded forward till the
Afternoon; when, a Storm appearing, we met our Canoe at an appointed
Place; and, the Rain continuing, we stayed all Night, which was so
heavy, that it beat through our Tent, and wet us and our Baggage.
On the sixteenth Day, we found, on our Way, abundance of Trees blown
down with the Storm the Day before; and had Occasion reverently to
consider the kind Dealings of the Lord, who provided a safe Place for us
in a Valley, while this Storm continued. By the falling of abundance of
Trees across our Path, we were much hindered, and in some Swamps our Way
was so stopped, that we got through with extreme Difficulty.
I had this Day often to consider myself as a Sojourner in this World;
and a Belief in the All-sufficiency of God to support his People in
their Pilgrimage felt comfortable to me; and I was industriously
employed to get to a State of perfect Resignation.
We seldom saw our Canoe but at appointed Places, by reason of the Path
going off from the River; and, this Afternoon, JOB CHILAWAY, an _Indian_
from _Wehaloosing_, who talks good _English_, and is acquainted with
several People in and about _Philadelphia_, met our People on the River;
and, understanding where we expected to lodge, pushed back about six
Miles, and came to us after Night; and in a While our own Canoe came, it
being hard Work pushing up Stream. JOB told us, that an _Indian_ came in
Haste to their Town yesterday, and told them, that three Warriours,
coming from some Distance, lodged in a Town above _Wehaloosing_ a few
Nights past; and that these three Men were going against the _English_
at _Juniata_. JOB was going down the River to the Province-store at
_Shamokin_. Though I was so far favoured with Health as to continue
travelling, yet, through the various Difficulties in our Journey, and
the different Way of living from what I had been used to, I grew sick;
and the News of these Warriours being on their March so near us, and
not knowing whether we might not fall in with them, was a fresh Trial of
my Faith; and though, through the Strength of divine Love, I had several
Times been enabled to commit myself to the divine Disposal, I still
found the Want of my Strength to be renewed, that I might persevere
therein; and my Cries for Help were put up to the Lord, who, in great
Mercy, gave me a resigned Heart, in which I found Quietness.
On the seventeenth Day, parting from JOB CHILAWAY, we went on, and
reached _Wehaloosing_ about the Middle of the Afternoon, and the first
_Indian_ that we saw was a Woman of a modest Countenance, with a Bible,
who first spake to our Guide; and then, with a harmonious Voice,
expressed her Gladness at seeing us, having before heard of our Coming:
Then, by the Direction of our Guide, we sat down on a Log; and he went
to the Town, to tell the People we were come. My Companion and I sitting
thus together, in a deep inward Stillness, the poor Woman came and sat
near us; and, great Awfulness coming over us, we rejoiced in a Sense of
God's Love manifested to our poor Souls. After a While, we heard a
Conkshell blow several Times, and then came JOHN CURTIS, and another
_Indian_ Man, who kindly invited us into a House near the Town, where we
found, I suppose, about sixty People sitting in Silence; and, after
sitting a short Time, I stood up, and in some Tenderness of Spirit
acquainted them with the Nature of my Visit, and that a Concern for
their Good had made me willing to come thus far to see them; all in a
few short Sentences, which some of them understanding interpreted to the
others, and there appeared Gladness amongst them. Then I shewed them my
Certificate, which was explained to them; and the _Moravian_, who
overtook us on the Way, being now here, bade me welcome.
On the eighteenth Day: We rested ourselves this Forenoon; and the
_Indians_, knowing that the _Moravian_ and I were of different religious
Societies, and as some of their People had encouraged him to come and
stay a While with them, were, I believe, concerned that no Jarring or
Discord might be in their Meetings: And they, I suppose, having
conferred together, acquainted me, that the People, at my Request,
would, at any Time, come together, and hold Meetings; and also told me,
that they expected the _Moravian_ would speak in their settled Meetings,
which are commonly held Morning and near Evening. So I found Liberty in
my Heart to speak to the _Moravian_, and told him of the Care I felt on
my Mind for the Good of these People; and that I believed no ill Effects
would follow it, if I sometimes spake in their Meetings when Love
engaged me thereto, without calling them together at Times when they did
not meet of course: Whereupon he expressed his Good-will toward my
speaking, at any Time, all that I found in my Heart to say: So, near
Evening, I was at their Meeting, where the pure Gospel-love was felt, to
the tendering some of our Hearts; and the Interpreters, endeavouring to
acquaint the People with what I said in short Sentences, found some
Difficulty, as none of them were quite perfect in the _English_ and
_Delaware_ Tongues; so they helped one another, and we laboured along,
divine Love attending: And afterwards, feeling my Mind covered with the
Spirit of Prayer, I told the Interpreters that I found it in my Heart to
pray to God, and believed, if I prayed aright, he would hear me, and
expressed my Willingness for them to omit interpreting; so our Meeting
ended with a Degree of divine Love: And, before the People went out, I
observed PAPUNEHANG (the Man who had been zealous in labouring for a
Reformation in that Town, being then very tender) spoke to one of the
Interpreters; and I was afterwards told that he said in Substance as
follows: "I love to feel where Words come from."
On the nineteenth Day, and first of the Week: This Morning, in the
Meeting, the _Indian_, who came with the _Moravian_, being also a Member
of that Society, prayed; and then the _Moravian_ spake a short Time to
the People: And, in the Afternoon, they coming together, and my Heart
being filled with a heavenly Care for their Good, I spake to them a
While by Interpreters; but none of them being perfect in the Work, and
I, feeling the Current of Love run strong, told the Interpreters, that I
believed some of the People would understand me, and so I proceeded: In
which Exercise I believe the Holy Ghost wrought on some Hearts to
Edification, where all the Words were not understood, I looked upon it
as a Time of divine Favour, and my Heart was tendered and truly thankful
before the Lord; and, after I sat down, one of the Interpreters seemed
spirited to give the _Indians_ the Substance of what I had said.
Before our first Meeting, this Morning, I was led to meditate on the
manifold Difficulties of these _Indians_, who, by the Permission of the
six Nations, dwell in these Parts; and a near Sympathy with them was
raised in me; and, my Heart being enlarged in the Love of Christ, I
thought that the affectionate Care of a good Man for his only Brother in
Affliction does not exceed what I then felt for that People.
I came to this Place through much Trouble; and though, through the
Mercies of God, I believed, that if I died in the Journey, it would be
well with me; yet the Thoughts of falling into the Hands of _Indian_
Warriours were, in Times of Weakness, afflicting to me; and, being of a
tender Constitution of Body, the Thoughts of Captivity amongst them
were, at Times, grievous; as supposing, that they being strong and
hardy, might demand Service of me beyond what I could well bear; but the
Lord alone was my Keeper; and I believed, if I went into Captivity, it
would be for some good End: And thus, from Time to Time, my Mind was
centered in Resignation, in which I always found Quietness. And now,
this Day, though I had the same dangerous Wilderness between me and
Home, I was inwardly joyful that the Lord had strengthened me to come on
this Visit, and manifested a fatherly Care over me in my poor lowly
Condition, when in mine own Eyes I appeared inferior to many amongst the
_Indians_.
When the last-mentioned Meeting was ended, it being Night, PAPUNEHANG
went to Bed; and, one of the Interpreters sitting by me, I observed
PAPUNEHANG spoke with an harmonious Voice, I suppose a Minute or two;
and, asking the Interpreter, I was told, that "He was expressing his
Thankfulness to God for the Favours he had received that Day; and
prayed that he would continue to favour him with that same, which he had
experienced in that Meeting." And though PAPUNEHANG had before agreed to
receive the _Moravian_, and join with them, he still appeared kind and
loving to us.
On the twentieth Day I was at two Meetings, and silent in them.
The twenty-first Day: This Morning, in Meeting, my Heart was enlarged in
pure Love amongst them, and, in short plain Sentences, I expressed
several Things that rested upon me, which one of the Interpreters gave
the People pretty readily; after which, the Meeting ended in
Supplication, and I had Cause humbly to acknowledge the Loving-kindness
of the Lord towards us; and then I believed that a Door remained open
for the faithful Disciples of Jesus Christ to labour amongst these
People.
I now feeling my Mind at Liberty to return, took my Leave of them in
general, at the Conclusion of what I said in Meeting; and so we prepared
to go homeward: But some of their most active Men told us, that, when we
were ready to move, the People would choose to come and shake Hands with
us; which those who usually come to Meeting did: And, from a secret
Draught in my Mind, I went amongst some who did not use to go to
Meeting, and took my Leave of them also: And the _Moravian_ and his
_Indian_ Interpreter appeared respectful to us at parting. This Town
stands on the Bank of _Susquehannah_, and consists, I believe, of about
forty Houses, mostly compact together; some about thirty feet long, and
eighteen wide, some bigger, some less; mostly built of split Plank, one
End set in the Ground, and the other pinned to a Plate, on which lay
Rafters, and covered with Bark. I understand a great Flood last Winter
overflowed the chief Part of the Ground where the Town stands; and some
were now about moving their Houses to higher Ground.
We expected only two _Indians_ to be our Company; but, when we were
ready to go, we found many of them were going to _Bethlehem_ with Skins
and Furs, who chose to go in Company with us: So they loaded two
Canoes, which they desired us to go in, telling us, that the Waters
were so raised with the Rains, that the Horses should be taken by such
as were better acquainted with the Fording-places: So we, with several
_Indians_, went in the Canoes, and others went on Horses, there being
seven besides ours. And we meeting with the Horsemen once on the Way by
Appointment, and that near Night, a little below a Branch called
_Tankhannah_, we lodged there; and some of the young Men going out a
little before Dusk with their Guns, brought in a Deer.
On the twenty-second Day, through Diligence, we reached _Wioming_ before
Night, and understood the _Indians_ were mostly gone from this Place:
Here we went up a small Creek into the Woods with our Canoes, and,
pitching our Tent, carried out our Baggage; and before Dark our Horses
came to us.
On the twenty-third Day in the Morning their Horses were loaded, and we
prepared our Baggage, and so set forward, being in all fourteen; and
with diligent Travelling, were favoured to get near half-way to
_Fort-Allen_. The Land on this Road from _Wioming_ to our Frontier being
mostly poor, and good Grass scarce, they chose a Piece of low Ground to
lodge on, as the best for grazing; and I, having sweated much in
Travelling, and being weary, slept sound; I perceived in the Night that
I had taken Cold, of which I was favoured to get better soon.
On the twenty-fourth Day we passed _Fort-Allen_, and lodged near it in
the Woods.
Having forded the westerly Branch of _Delaware_ three Times, we thereby
had a shorter Way, and missed going over the Top of the Blue Mountains,
called the second Ridge. In the second Time fording, where the River
cuts through the Mountain, the Waters being rapid, and pretty deep, and
my Companion's Mare being a tall, tractable Animal, he sundry Times
drove her back through the River, and they loaded her with the Burthens
of some small Horses, which they thought not sufficient to come through
with their Loads.
The Troubles westward, and the Difficulty for _Indians_ to pass through
our Frontier, I apprehend, was one Reason why so many came; as
expecting that our being in Company would prevent the outside
Inhabitants from being surprised.
On the twenty-fifth Day we reached _Bethlehem_, taking Care on the Way
to keep foremost, and to acquaint People on and near the Road who these
_Indians_ were: This we found very needful; for the Frontier Inhabitants
were often alarmed at the Report of _English_ being killed by _Indians_
westward.
Amongst our Company were some whom I did not remember to have seen at
Meeting, and some of these, at first, were very reserved; but, we being
several Days together, and behaving friendly toward them, and making
them suitable Returns for the Services they did us, they became more
free and social.
On the twenty-sixth Day and first of the Week, having carefully
endeavoured to settle all Affairs with the _Indians_ relative to our
Journey, we took Leave of them, and I thought they generally parted with
us affectionately; so we, getting to _Richland_, had a very comfortable
Meeting amongst our Friends: Here I parted with my kind Friend and
Companion, BENJAMIN PARVIN; and, accompanied by my Friend, SAMUEL FOULK,
we rode to JOHN CADWALLADER'S, from whence I reached Home the next Day,
where I found my Family middling well; and they, and my Friends, all
along appeared glad to see me return from a Journey which they
apprehended dangerous: But my Mind, while I was out, had been so
employed in striving for a perfect Resignation, and I had so often been
confirmed in a Belief, that whatever the Lord might be pleased to allot
for me, would work for Good, I was careful lest I should admit any
Degree of Selfishness in being glad over much, and laboured to improve
by those Trials in such a Manner as my gracious Father and Protector
intends for me. Between the _English_ Inhabitants and _Wehaloosing_ we
had only a narrow Path, which in many Places is much grown up with
Bushes, and interrupted by abundance of Trees lying across it; these,
together with the Mountains, Swamps, and rough Stones, make it a
difficult Road to travel; and the more so, for that Rattle-snakes
abound there, of which we killed four: People, who have never been in
such Places, have but an imperfect Idea of them; but I was not only
taught Patience, but also made thankful to God, who thus led me about
and instructed me, that I might have a quick and lively Feeling of the
Afflictions of my Fellow-creatures, whose Situation in Life is
difficult.