METHODISM AND THE CAPITALISTS.
Yet another Staffordshire family founded on “blue-printed” ware is that
of Ridgway. Ralph Ridgway was a master-potter at Chell, who failed in
business in 1766, and departed with his family to Swansea, where the
manufacture of porcelain was just commencing.[156] His younger son,
Job (1759-1813), returned to the Potteries in 1781, and divided his
time between acting as a Wesleyan missionary and work as a journeyman
potter in Hanley.[157] There for some time he also manufactured lawn for
the sieves used in sifting the clay slip, but this he gave up, on the
strange ground that it led to bribery and drunkenness, and returned to
his potter’s bench. At last, in 1792, he and his brother George started
a factory of their own in Shelton, at the bottom of Albion Street, said
to have been formerly that of Warner Edwards.[158] It has been the “Bell
Works,” from the Blue Bell Inn which stood opposite. Of course they made
“blue printed,” and prospered. In 1802 Job left his brother, and built
the well-known house and works at Cauldon Place on the Cauldon canal,
now occupied by the porcelain works of Brown, Westhead, Moore & Co.[159]
At Cauldon Place the firm, “Job Ridgway & Sons,” began in 1808 to make
china. Here, too, Job died in 1813, and was succeeded by his son John
Ridgway, under whom the Cauldon Place china achieved so great renown. His
other son William went back to the Bell Works, and, adding factory to
factory, soon became by far the most important potter in Hanley.
[Illustration: JOB RIDGWAY
1759-1813
_Photo by H. J. Gover & Co., Hanley_]
Job Ridgway married the sister of Elijah Meyer, and made the fortune of
his family. But his potting was not so interesting as his religious zeal,
so typical of the sentiments of the Potteries at this time; and as the
Methodist revival of the last quarter of the eighteenth century had a
profound effect upon the habits of the pottery people, and permanently
changed their affections from cock-fighting to psalm singing, it is
worth while, even in a history of potting, to mention this side also of
the work of Job Ridgway. He was “converted” while working at Leeds in
1781. When he came to his brother’s house in Hanley, there were only
twenty-five Methodists in Hanley. He formed a congregation and opened
their first chapel in 1784. No sooner was Methodism firmly established
than he quarrelled with these confining bonds also, and, in 1797, he did
more than any other layman to establish the Methodist New Connexion.[160]
Bethesda Chapel was built in the following year, and by 1802 Burslem and
Lane End also had chapels of this new itinerant society. By 1843 there
were five chapels of this denomination in Hanley alone. If you worked for
Job Ridgway, you had to attend his chapel also.
Ralph Ridgway, Master Potter of Chell.
|
+-George Ridgway, Master Potter of the Bell Works, Shelton.
| (_c._1758-1823)
|
+-Job Ridgway, Master Potter of the Bell Works, and of Cauldon Place,
| Shelton. (1759-1813) = 1785 Elizabeth, sister of Elijah Meyer,
| Master Potter of Hanley. (1755-1810)
|
+-John Ridgway, Master Potter of Cauldon Place. 1st Mayor of Hanley
| 1856. (1786-1860)
|
+-William Ridgway, Master Potter of Shelton and Hanley.
| (1787-_c._1865)
|
+-Edward John Ridgway, Master Potter of the Bedford Works,
| Hanley. (1814-1896)
|
+-John Ridgway, Master Potter of the Bedford Works, b. 1843
|
+-Edward Akroyd Ridgway, Master Potter of the Bedford Works,
| | b. 1846 = Susan, dᵃ of Wᵐ Meakin, of the Eagle Works.
| |
| +-Henry Akroyd Ridgway, Master Potter of the Bedford Works,
| b. 1883.
|
+-Emily, mᵈ James Meakin, Master Potter of the Eagle Works,
Hanley.
There are some names of manufacturers on the 1802 map of the Potteries
which have not received so far, and yet deserve, special mention. The
brothers John and George Rogers, for instance, built their factory at
Dale Hall near Burslem about 1780. John Rogers built too, about 1800,
the house called “Watlands” in Wolstanton, the home of many potters, and
lived there till his death in 1816. His son Spencer Rogers succeeded to
the firm, which continued to flourish for over half a century as “John
Rogers and Sons.”[161] Mr Samuel Ford now owns these works.
Joseph Machin of Burslem was the progenitor of the Machins of the Hole
House Works, afterwards, in 1843, “Machin and Potts” of the Waterloo
Works. This firm were the first successful manufacturers of porcelain in
Burslem and they invented too the present method of printing the transfer
papers from revolving steel cylinders, thereby greatly accelerating the
work of producing these transfers and printing the ware.
The Goodwins of Cobridge had no fewer than four factories in the
neighbourhood as late as 1843;[162] and the firm of John Glass & Sons
appears to have existed in Hanley ever since the beginning of the 18th
century and the days of slip dishes and “tygs.” William Baddeley, with
his works at Eastwood on the banks of the Cauldon canal, was chiefly
noted for his large flint-grinding mills. Miles Mason, of Lane Delf, and
his son Charles J. Mason had their factory where the Stoke and Hanley
tram-lines now branch. In 1813 the elder Mason introduced the patent
“ironstone” china, which became very popular and was the precursor of the
“granite” trade of later days.[163] The senior partner in the firm of
Bourne and Baker of Fenton made a fortune, built the church at Fenton,
and bought the Hilderstone Hall estate, where his descendants now live.
In Longton the firm of Charles Harvey is notable, since the proprietor
became, about 1820, the first banker at the Longton end. Mrs Mary
Cyples represents a family of potteresses whose factory is perpetuated
in Cyples Lane. Messrs Cheetham and Wooley invented a hard white stone
body resembling porcelain, very useful for relief decoration,[164] and
flourished in Commerce Street for more than half a century. The Locketts
are one of the few firms which have lasted over a hundred years.
The potting industry, like all others, suffered stagnation during the
French wars. Till 1810 however the growing American trade compensated to
a certain extent for the loss of the continental market. But in 1810 the
Orders in Council stopped both the continental and American trade. These
Orders were rescinded in 1812, but the continental trade languished till
1814, and had to be rediscovered and re-established as an entirely new
business when peace came.
When at last the Continent was reopened to English china and earthenware
one particular firm came to the front and took the greater part of the
ornamental trade. This was the firm of John Davenport & Sons. John
Davenport came of a small yeoman family settled near Leek, and he
started in 1785, first as a workman and later as a partner, with Thomas
Woolfe of Stoke. In 1794 he commenced making china on his own account at
Longport.[165]
The first factory built on the canal at Longport was, appropriately
enough, put up in 1773 by John Brindley, the younger brother of the
engineer. Edward Bourne and Robert Williamson followed, and in 1795
Walter Daniel put up a fine house and factory at Newport near by. All
these factories became, early in the nineteenth century, the property
of the great firm of Davenport, attached to the “Unicorn Bank.” John
Davenport had built the “Unicorn Bank” in 1794 for the manufacture of
china. In 1797 they started the chemical preparation of litharge and
white lead; and in 1801 was added the manufacture of flint glass.[166]
Davenport china and stained glass attained a very high reputation, and
for many years the Davenports represented the type of the most successful
potters of the age. They are said in 1836 to have produced earthenware
and china alone to the value of nearly £100,000 and to have employed 1400
workpeople.[167] They had branch establishments at London, Liverpool,
Hamburg and Lübeck. They enjoyed Royal favour and acquired princely
fortunes. The first John Davenport bought Westwood near Cheddleton in
1813. He was a major of volunteers at the time of the French scare in
1803, and Conservative M.P. for Stoke-on-Trent from 1832 to 1841. His
sons, John, Henry and William carried on the business and established
themselves, John at Foxley, Co. Hereford, and William at Maer. William
Davenport was Master of the North Staffordshire Foxhounds. The third
generation also went into politics, and Henry T. Davenport, after failing
to secure a seat at Newcastle and at Stoke in 1874, became, from 1880-6,
member for the northern division of the county. As they lost touch
with their works, however, the affairs of the Davenport firm gradually
suffered. In 1868 they sold Westwood; in 1885 Maer; and in 1887 the
“Unicorn Bank” was closed down and sold to Mr Thomas Hughes, who died in
1901.
The Davenports were the only manufacturers of glass of any importance in
North Staffordshire, and no attempt is now made to rival the productions
in this line of the southern part of the county.
Jonathan Davenport of Leek. (1731-1771)
|
+-John Davenport of Westwood, Master Potter of Longport. (1765-1848)
|
+-John Davenport of Westwood, and of Foxley, co. Hereford.
| | (1799-1862)
| |
| +-George Horatio Davenport of Foxley, co. Hereford. Sold Staffs.
| | | estates, 1868.
| | |
| | +-[symbol indicating ‘had issue’]
| |
| +-Harry Tichborne Davenport, M.P. North Staffs. 1880-6. b. 1833
|
+-Henry Davenport, Master Potter of Longport, killed out hunting.
| (1800-1835)
|
+-William Davenport of Maer, Master Potter of Longport. Mᵈ Marianne,
| dᵃ of John Wood, Master Potter of Brownhills. (1805-1869)
|
+-Henry Davenport of Maer, Master Potter of Longport. b. 1840
The success of the Davenports with their china in the continental trade,
which began to be marked during the short peace of 1803-4, affected, no
doubt seriously, the trade of the Wedgwood firm, which since the first
Josiah’s death had been carried on nominally by the second Josiah, but
actually by Thomas Byerley. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that
in 1805 Wedgwoods also commenced the manufacture of porcelain, and to
find them repeating on china dinner and tea services the patterns which
had been so successful on the Queen’s Ware. Josiah Wedgwood II bought
Maer in 1803 (where he was succeeded by Davenport), and began again to
attend to business. Though the new china and the jasper and black basalt
with reliefs in Egyptian red turned out under his regime fully maintained
the reputation of the firm—as witness the medallions of the admirals and
the Egyptian basalt so typical of the second period[168]—yet they never
recovered the undisputed position they had held in the ornamental trade
of the Continent.
[Illustration: JOSIAH WEDGWOOD II
1769-1843]
By 1819 or 1820[169] indeed they ceased to try and compete in the china
trade, and it was not till 1872 that Wedgwoods again produced the
porcelain for which they are now so famous. In 1828 even their London
showrooms were closed down, and Josiah Wedgwood II committed the
unpardonable vandalism of selling off the stock, patterns, and moulds
there stored. The collections in the Mayer Museum at Liverpool and the
collection now in the possession of Sir W. H. Lever were formed out of
purchases made at this sale. After contesting Newcastle vainly in the
interests of “reform” in 1831, Wedgwood was returned as first radical
member for Stoke-on-Trent in the reformed Parliament of 1832, and died
at Maer in 1843. From 1823 he had had the assistance of his eldest son
Josiah, but from 1827 onwards the works were managed almost entirely by
his third son, Francis Wedgwood. The firm, which had been called “Josiah
Wedgwood” after Byerley’s death in 1810 and “Josiah Wedgwood & Son” until
1827, was thenceforth known as “Josiah Wedgwood & Sons,” which title it
retains at the present day.
Pedigree of the Later Wedgwoods:
Josiah Wedgwood, Master Potter of Etruria. (1730-1795)
|
+-John Wedgwood, Partner at Etruria 1790-2. (1766-1844)
|
+-Josiah Wedgwood of Maer, Master Potter of Etruria. (1769-1843)
| |
| +-Josiah Wedgwood of Leith Hill Place, Partner at Etruria 1823-42.
| | (1795-1880)
| |
| +-Francis Wedgwood of Barlaston, Master Potter of Etruria.
| | | (1800-1888)
| | |
| | +-Godfrey Wedgwood, Master Potter of Etruria. (1833-1905)
| | | |
| | | +-Cecil Wedgwood, D.S.O. b. 1863. Master Potter of Etruria.
| | | 1st Mayor of Stoke-on-Trent 1910.
| | |
| | +-Clement Francis Wedgwood of Barlaston, Master Potter of Etruria.
| | | | (1840-1889)
| | | |
| | | +-Francis Hamilton Wedgwood, Master Potter of Etruria.
| | | |
| | | +-Josiah Clement Wedgwood, M.P. b. 1872. The writer of this
| | | book.
| | |
| | +-Lawrence Wedgwood, Master Potter of Etruria, b. 1844
| | |
| | +-[symbol indicating ‘had issue’]
| |
| +-Emma (1808-1896) = ---------------------------+
| |
+-Thomas Wedgwood, Partner at Etruria 1790-2. |
| Chemist and Photographer. (1771-1805) | [symbol indicating
| | ‘had issue’]
+-Susannah, mᵈ R. W. Darwin. (1765-1817) |
| |
+-Charles Robert Darwin, F.R.S. (1809-1882) = --+
The progress of invention and specialization had brought into existence
quite a number of manufactures subsidiary to potting, and we will take
advantage of a little-known Directory of 1818 to show both the names
of potters then in business, and also the number and nature of these
dependent trades.
The Directory for 1818 was compiled by W. Parson and T. Bradshaw, and
printed by Leigh of Manchester. The manufactories of earthenware on the
list are as follows:
Newcastle.
Sam. Bagshaw, Basford.
Golden-Hill, Tunstall, Red Street.
Ben. Adams, Tunstall (Greengates).
John Boden, Tunstall.
Jesse Breeze, Greenfield.
Ric. Cartledge, Golden Hill.
Jas. Cartledge, Golden Hill.
Child & Clive, Newfield.
Jas. Collinson, Golden Hill.
J. & R. Hall, Tunstall and Burslem.[170]
T. & J. Knight, Clayhill.
Marsh & Haywood, Brownhills.
John Meir, Tunstall.
T. & H. Moss, Red Street.
Ben. Myatt, Red Street.
Nixon & Whalley, Tunstall.
H. Powis & Co., Sandiford.
W. S. & I. Rathbone, Tunstall.
Daniel Vawdrey, Golden Hill.
Wood & Brittell, Brownhills.
Burslem, Longport, Cobridge.
T. & E. Bathwell, Chapel Bank.
J. & R. Blackwell, Cobridge.
W. Bourne, Bell Works.
Jos. Bradshaw, Booden Brook (Cobridge).
Philip Brooks & Co., Sitch.
Cartledge & Beech, Knowle.
Ralph & J. Clews, Cobridge.
J. & J. Davenport, Newport.
Frank & N. Dillon, Cobridge.
B. & S. Godwin, Cobridge.
T. & B. Godwin, New Basin.
Goodfellow & Bathwell, Upper House Works.
John & Ralph Hall, Sitch & Tunstall.
John Heath, Sitch.
Henshall & Williamson, Longport.
Thos. Heath, Hadderage
Ephraim Hobson, Cobridge.
Holdcroft & Box, Cobridge.
Anne Holland, Hill Top, Burslem.
Ric. Jarvis, Nile Street, Burslem.
Ralph Johnson, Church St., Burslem.
Jonathan Leak, The Row.
Machin & Baggaley, Low St.
Joseph Machin, Waterloo Road.
Sam. Marsh, Brownhills.
Ric. Massey, Castle St.
S. & T. Massey, Nile St.
John Mellor, near the Market Place.
John Moseley, Cobridge.
John Moseley, Churchyard Works.
Wm. Moseley, Queen St., Black Works.
Oliver & Bourne, Cobridge.
J. & R. Riley, Hill Works.
J. & C. Robinson, Hill Top Works.
John Rogers & Sons, Longport.
Spencer Rogers, Dale Hall.
Wm. Stanley, Knowle Works.
Dan. Steel, St. Johns St.
Ralph Stevenson, Cobridge.
Andrew Stevenson, Cobridge.
Ben. Stubbs, Longport.
Sam. Tompkinson, Church Street.
Wm. Walsh, Furlong.
John Walton, Hadderage.
James Warburton, Hot Lane.
John Warburton, Hot Lane.
Wedgwood & Johnson, High Street.
Wood & Caldwell, Fountain Place.
Ephraim Wood, Hole House.
Hanley and Shelton.
Wm. Baddely, Eastwood.
Joseph Bradshaw, Booden Brook.
W. & G. Brownfield, Keelings Lane.
John Glass & Sons, Market St.
Hackwood, Dimmock & Co., Hanley.
Hicks & Meigh, Shelton.
J. J. & R. Hollins, Upper Hanley.
Hollings & Co., Brook St., Shelton.
Reuben Johnson, Miles Bank.
Jas. Keeling, New Street, Hanley.
Mansfield, Pawley & Co., Market Place.
Mare, Matthew & Co., Vale Pleasant.
Elijah Mayer & Son, High St.
Job Meigh & Son, Hill St., Hanley.
Thos. Morris, Marsh St.
Fred. Peover, High St.
John & Wm. Ridgway, Shelton (Bell Bank).
Rivers & Clews, Shelton.
John Shorthouse, Tontine St.
T. & J. Taylor, High St.
Exors of Chas. Whitehead, Shelton.
D. Wilson & Sons (assignees of), High St.
John Yates, Broad St., Shelton.
Stoke and Etruria.
Wm. Adams, Stoke.
Robt. Hamilton, Stoke.
T. Minton & Sons, Stoke.
Poulson & Dale, Stoke.
Josiah Spode, Stoke.
Ward & Co., Stoke.
Josiah Wedgwood, Etruria.
Thos. Wolf, Stoke.
Lane End, etc.
Thos. Baggaley, Lane Delf.
R. J. & J. Barker, Flint St.
Batkin & Deakin, Waterloo, Flint St.
Beardmore & Carr, Lane End.
J. & T. Booth, Lane End.
Bourne, Baker & Bourne, Fenton.
Chas. Bourne, Foley.
Joseph Burrow, Foley Works.
Maria Bridgwood, Market St.
Kitty Bridgwood & Son, Market St.
Thos. Brough, Green Dock.
Carey & Son, Lane End.
M. Cheetham & Son, Commerce St.
Lydia Cyples, Market St.
T. Drury & Son, Daisy Bank.
Hugh Ford, Green Dock.
Geo. Forrester, Market Place.
Robt. Garner, Lane End.
S. Ginder & Co., Lane Delf.
Harley & Seckerson, Lane End.
Chas. Harvey & Sons, Gt. Chas. St.
John Hewitt & Son, Green Dock.
Hilditch & Martin, Lane End.
Thos. Hughes, Lane Delf.
John Lockett & Co., King St.
W. & J. Lowe, Church St.
Jacob Marsh, Lane Delf.
Wm. Mason, Lane Delf.
Geo. & Chas. Mason, Lane Delf.
Mathers & Ball, Lane End.
Mayor and Newbold, Market Place.
Ben. & Jos. Myatt, Lane End.
Wm. Nutt, Flint St.
Jas. Pattison, High St.
Wm. Poulson, Chancery Lane.
F. & R. Pratt, Fenton.
John Pratt, Lane Delf.
John Robinson, High St.
John Robinson, George St.
Shelley, Booth & Co., Lane End.
J. H. Sheridan, Union Market Place.
Simkin & Waller, Lane End.
Thos. Stirrup, Flint St.
John Unett, High St.
H. & R. Walklate, High St.
Geo. Weston, High St.
The trades of that day dependent on potting were: Makers of the crates
wherein to pack the ware; gilders; cobalt-refiners and colour-makers,
of whom Machin and Bagguley of the new “Waterloo” Road were perhaps
the most important; enamellers; engravers of designs on copper, from
which the transfer prints for the under-glaze blue printing were made;
flint-grinders; lead and litharge makers for the glaze; saggar makers;
lathe makers and lawn manufacturers.
The lawn manufacturers made the lawn sieve through which the clay body in
the slip state was passed in order to remove all coarse particles. Indeed
the preparation of the clay body was now carried out so carefully that
magnets were used to attract any particle of iron that might be ground up
with the flint; and the old process of evaporation which converted the
slip into the solid clay body gave way about 1860 to the clay press now
used to squeeze out the water from the clay. Samuel Allen, lathe maker of
Dale Hall, is the sole representative to be found in 1818 of the makers
of potters’ machinery, now so important a branch of manufacture. But
the “jiggers,” which exactly reproduce plates by the thousand, and the
“jollies,” for the mechanical moulding and pressing of hollow ware, were
the creation of a much later age. Even now these machine tools may be
said to be in their infancy though they are developing under the hands of
skilled engineers such as Messrs Boulton of Burslem.
A subsidiary manufacture which does not appear on the 1818 list at all
is that of borax. Borax, or as it was originally called “tincal,” had
been first introduced about 1796 when it was brought from Thibet. In that
year Ralph Wedgwood (see p. 87), who spent his life inventing things,
and was then a master-potter at Ferrybridge in Yorkshire,[171] took out
a patent for “making glass upon new principles” by using this tincal.
By Hickling’s patent of 1799 it was also applied to the enamelling of
metal vessels, and it appears again in the leadless glaze of Mr. Rose
of Coalport in 1820.[172] All this time, however, the price was almost
prohibitive of the commercial use of borax. In 1815 it cost 3s. to 4s. a
lb., and it was only on the development of the Etruscan borax deposits in
1828 that it came into general use as a flux for the glazes, partially
displacing the lead oxides. As the borax—as well as the soda used in the
glaze—is soluble in water, glazes containing these have to be “fritted”
or vitrified before being ground with the other components into a slip
for dipping the ware. This melting or fritting, besides making the glaze
insoluble in water and suitable for dipping, will, if the lead be fritted
with the other components and not just ground in afterwards, make the
lead more or less innocuous. Unfortunately, however, the fritted lead
requires more exact firing to produce a good glaze, and can hardly
compete commercially at present. Glazes can be made without any lead at
all by using borax alone as a flux, but the surface is always full of
imperfections and less glossy than that given by a leaded glaze.
The first important manufactory of borax in the Potteries was that of
Wood, Kuntz & Co.,[173] a firm in which the sons of Enoch Wood were
interested. Because the risk of lead poisoning is always present in the
preparation and uses of the lead glazes, attempts have been made for
100 years to produce a good glaze free from lead—or rather free from
unfritted lead—soluble in hydrochloric acid. Josiah Wedgwood produced
such a glaze, but it gave a rough surface wherewith it was useless in
those days to try to compete. The Society of Arts awarded its gold medal
in 1823 to Job Meigh of Hanley for his invention of a leadless glaze. But
Meigh’s leadless glaze was only to be applied to coarse red pottery.[174]
Of recent years Mr. Furnival and Mr. William Burton have done most to
make safe glazes commercially practicable. There is no doubt but that
by the use of borax a safe glaze, free from lead, can be made; it will
not be mechanically perfect perhaps, but artistically it need not be
considered inferior to the heavy smooth lead glaze.
About 1826 an even more dangerous lead process was introduced by Henry
Daniel, who began in that year to make stoneware “china” in Shelton.
This was the process of “ground laying” and “colour dusting,” in which
the enamel paints are dusted in a dry state over a sticky oily surface
to which they adhere. The leaded particles of paint dust are easily
breathed into the lungs and caused a heavy mortality. The ærograph,
invented in 1890, which lays the ground mechanically, reduced the risks
of this process, and more recently the Home Office regulations regarding
ventilation, mufflers, etc., have helped in the same direction.
Among the Tunstall potters on the list of 1818 occur the names of
Benjamin Adams and Jesse Breeze. Benjamin Adams was the son and successor
of that William Adams who made jasper at Greengates and died in 1805.
Within a year or two of 1818 he had to sell his factory, which was
bought by John Meir, another Tunstall potter.[175] John Breeze had
bought the house and factory built by Theophilus Smith in 1793 and
called Smithfield. Smith had, in 1800, committed suicide in prison after
failing three times to murder his wife’s lover.[176] His tragic end
caused the name of his house to be changed to Greenfield; and in 1827
Jesse, son of this John Breeze of Greenfield, having no sons, married
one of his daughters to William Adams, son of the successful potter of
Stoke, and bequeathed his factory to him. In this way another branch of
the Adams family returned to Tunstall. From 1827 to the present day the
Adams family from father to son have continued to make earthenware at
Greenfield. They have recently bought up Greengates also, and joined the
two old Adams’ factories together. The firm has had a somewhat chequered
career, but under the management of the present brothers and partners,
William and Percy W. L. Adams, it has resumed its high reputation as one
of the largest exporters of useful and ornamental ware.
William Adams (brother of Thomas Adams, Master Potter of the Brickhouse,
| Burslem), Master Potter of Burslem. d. 1617.
|
+-John Adams of Sneyd Green. Will proved 1641.
|
+-William Adams of Sneyd Green. Will proved 1677.
|
+-William Adams of Bank Hᵒ, Bagnal. Said to have been a
| salt-glaze potter. Will proved 1712.
|
+-Edward Adams of Sneyd Green and Bagnal. Will proved 1728.
|
+-William Adams of Bank Hᵒ, Bagnal. (1702-1775)
| |
| +-Richard Adams, Master Potter. (1739-1811)
| |
| +-William Adams, Master Potter of Stoke-on-Trent.
| | (1772-1829) = 1793 Sarah, dau. of Lewis Heath,
| | Master Potter of the Hadderage.
| |
| +-William Adams, Master Potter of Greenfield.
| | (1798-1865) = 1827 Jane (1804-1864) ----------+
| | |
| +-William Adams, Master Potter of Greenfield and |
| | Greengates, (1833-1905) |
| | |
| +-William Adams. } Master Potters of |
| | } Greenfields and |
| +-Percy W. L. Adams. } Greengates, Tunstall. |
| |
+-Edward Adams (1709-1745) |
| |
+-William Adams, Master Potter of Greengates, Tunstall. |
| (1745-1805) |
| |
+-Benjamin Adams, Master Potter of Greengates. |
|
John Breeze, Master Potter of Greenfield. |
| |
+-Jesse Breeze, Master Potter of Greenfield. |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
[Illustration: WILLIAM ADAMS
1772-1829]