CHAPTER XXI_Memories of my life（#78669）

RACE IMPROVEMENT

Eugenics—Passages from my early writings—Original sin—Breeding

dogs for intelligence—Great extension of my work by Professor

Karl Pearson—Eugenics laboratory—Duty towards race improvement

The subject of Race Improvement, or Eugenics, with which I have much

occupied myself during the last few years, is a pursuit of no recent

interest. I published my views as long ago as 1865, in two articles

written in _Macmillan’s Magazine_[20], while preparing materials for

my book, _Hereditary Genius_. But I did not then realise, as now, the

powerful influence of Small Causes upon statistical results. I was too

much disposed to think of marriage under some regulation, and not enough

of the effects of self-interest and of social and religious sentiment.

Popular feeling was not then ripe to accept even the elementary

truths of hereditary talent and character, upon which the possibility

of Race Improvement depends. Still less was it prepared to consider

dispassionately any proposals for practical action. So I laid the subject

wholly to one side for many years. Now I see my way better, and an

appreciative audience is at last to be had, though it be small.

As in most other cases of novel views, the wrong-headedness of objectors

to Eugenics has been curious. The most common misrepresentations now are

that its methods must be altogether those of compulsory unions, as in

breeding animals. It is not so. I think that stern compulsion ought to

be exerted to prevent the free propagation of the stock of those who are

seriously afflicted by lunacy, feeble-mindedness, habitual criminality,

and pauperism, but that is quite different from compulsory marriage. How

to restrain ill-omened marriages is a question by itself, whether it

should be effected by seclusion, or in other ways yet to be devised that

are consistent with a humane and well-informed public opinion. I cannot

doubt that our democracy will ultimately refuse consent to that liberty

of propagating children which is now allowed to the undesirable classes,

but the populace has yet to be taught the true state of these things. A

democracy cannot endure unless it be composed of able citizens; therefore

it must in self-defence withstand the free introduction of degenerate

stock.

What I desire is that the importance of eugenic marriages should be

reckoned at its just value, neither too high nor too low, and that

Eugenics should form one of the many considerations by which marriages

are promoted or hindered, as they are by social position, adequate

fortune, and similarity of creed. I can believe hereafter that it will

be felt as derogatory to a person of exceptionally good stock to marry

into an inferior one as it is for a person of high Austrian rank to marry

one who has not sixteen heraldic quarterings. I also hope that social

recognition of an appropriate kind will be given to healthy, capable, and

large families, and that social influence will be exerted towards the

encouragement of eugenic marriages.

Confusion is often made between statistical and individual results. It

sometimes seems to be held seriously that if the effect of a particular

union cannot be accurately foretold, the application of the rules of

Eugenics is vain. This is not the case. Statistics give us assurance

concerning the fate of such or such a _percentage_ of a large number of

people which, when translated into other terms, is the probability of

each of them being affected by it. From the statesman’s point of view,

where lives are pawns in the game and personal favour is excluded, this

information is sufficient. It tells how large a number of undesirables or

of desirables can be introduced or not into a population by such and such

measures. Whether their names be A, B, or C, or else X, Y, or Z, is of no

importance to the “Statistician,”—a term that is more or less equivalent

to that of “Statesman.”

In accordance with one principal purpose of these pages, which is to show

the fundamental coherence of most of my many inquiries, I will quote

several passages from the above-mentioned articles written in 1865. They

expressed then, as clearly as I can do now, the leading principles of

Eugenics. They will each be followed by a remark as to how I should wish

to modify them.

“The power of man over animal life, in producing whatever

varieties of form he pleases, is enormously great. It would

seem as though the physical structure of future generations was

almost as plastic as clay, under the control of the breeder’s

will. It is my desire to show, more pointedly than, so far as I

am aware, has been attempted before, that mental qualities are

equally under control.”

Then follows a discussion of inherited abilities, of the same character

as that which was afterwards developed more fully in _Hereditary Genius_.

If I were to re-write the above passage, it would be modified by limiting

the power of the breeder to perpetuating and intensifying qualities

which have _already appeared_ in the race. The possibility would at

the same time be recognised of the unforeseen appearance of “sports”

or “mutations” of a kind not hitherto observed, but which for all that

may become hereditary. Such in past times may have been the electric

organs of certain eels and rays, the illuminating capacity of glow-worms,

fire-flies, and inhabitants of deep waters, the venom in certain snakes,

and the power of speech in man.

* * * * *

After some pages of remarks, the latter of them on the physical

attributes of very able men, the article continues:—

“Most notabilities have been great eaters and excellent

digesters, on literally the same principle that the furnace

which can raise more steam than is usual for one of its size

must burn more freely and well than is common. Most great men

are vigorous animals with exuberant powers and an extreme

devotion to a cause. There is no reason to suppose that in

breeding for the highest order of intellect we should produce a

sterile or a feeble race.”

I should now alter the last sentence to “There is no reason to doubt

that a very high order of intellect might be bred with little, if any,

sacrifice of fertility or vigour.”

“Many forms of civilisation have been peculiarly unfavourable

to the hereditary transmission of rare talent. None of them

were more prejudicial to it than that of the Middle Ages, when

almost every youth of genius was attracted into the Church and

enrolled in the rank of a celibate clergy.”

This argument was largely developed in _Hereditary Genius_.

“Another great hindrance to it is a costly tone of society,

like that of our own, where it becomes a folly for a rising

man to encumber himself with domestic expenses, which custom

exacts, and which are larger than his resources are able to

meet. Here also genius is celibate, at least during the best

period of manhood.

“A spirit of clique is not bad. I understand that in Germany

it is very much the custom for professors to marry the

[sisters] or daughters of other professors, and I have some

reason to believe, but am anxious for fuller information

before I can feel sure of it, that the enormous intellectual

digestion of German literary men, which far exceeds that of

the corresponding class of our own countrymen, may, in some

considerable degree, be due to this practice.”

I have not even yet obtained the information desired in the last

paragraph, the correspondents who partly promised to give it not having

done so. As many members of our House of Lords marry the daughters of

millionaires, it is quite conceivable that our Senate may in time become

characterised by a more than common share of shrewd business capacity,

possibly also by a lower standard of commercial probity than at present.

“So far as beauty is concerned ... it is not so very long ago

in England that it was thought quite natural that the strongest

lance at the tournament should win the fairest or the noblest

lady. The lady was the prize to be tilted for. She rarely

objected to the arrangement, because her vanity was gratified

by the _éclat_ of the proceeding. Now history is justly charged

with a tendency to repeat itself. We may therefore reasonably

look forward to the possibility, I do not say the probability,

of some such practice of competition. What an extraordinary

effect might be produced on our race if its object was to unite

in marriage those who possessed the finest and most suitable

natures, mental, moral, and physical!”

The last paragraph must of course be interpreted in the semi-jocular

sense in which it was written.

I may here speak of some attempts by myself, made hitherto in too

desultory a way, to obtain materials for a “Beauty-Map” of the British

Isles. Whenever I have occasion to classify the persons I meet into

three classes, “good, medium, bad,” I use a needle mounted as a pricker,

wherewith to prick holes, unseen, in a piece of paper, torn rudely into a

cross with a long leg. I use its upper end for “good,” the cross-arm for

“medium,” the lower end for “bad.” The prick-holes keep distinct, and are

easily read off at leisure. The object, place, and date are written on

the paper. I used this plan for my beauty data, classifying the girls I

passed in streets or elsewhere as attractive, indifferent, or repellent.

Of course this was a purely individual estimate, but it was consistent,

judging from the conformity of different attempts in the same population.

I found London to rank highest for beauty; Aberdeen lowest.

In another article, after some further discussion, I say:—

“I hence conclude that the improvement of the breed of

mankind is no insuperable difficulty. If everybody were to

agree on the improvement of the race of man being a matter

of the very utmost importance, and if the theory of the

hereditary transmission of qualities in men was as thoroughly

understood as it is in the case of our domestic animals, I

see no absurdity in supposing that, in some way or other, the

improvement would be carried into effect.

“Most persons seem to have an idea that a new element,

specially fashioned in heaven, and not transmitted by simple

descent, is introduced into the body of every new-born infant.

It is impossible this should be true, unless there exists

some property or quality in man that is not transmissible by

descent. But the terms _talent_ and _character_ are exhaustive;

they include the whole of man’s spiritual nature, so far as we

are able to understand it. No other class of qualities is known

to exist, that we might suppose to have been interpolated from

on high.”

The article concludes as follows:—

“It is a common theme of moralists of many creeds, that man is

born with an imperfect nature. He has lofty aspirations, but

there is a weakness in his disposition that incapacitates him

from carrying his nobler purposes into effect. He sees that

some particular course of action is his duty, and should be his

delight; but his inclinations are fickle and base, and do not

conform to his better judgment. The whole moral nature of man

is tainted with sin, which prevents him from doing the things

he knows to be right.

“I venture to offer an explanation of this apparent anomaly

which seems perfectly satisfactory from a scientific point of

view. It is neither more nor less than that the development of

our nature, under Darwin’s law of Natural Selection, has not

yet overtaken the development of our religious civilisation.

Man was barbarous but yesterday, and therefore it is not to be

expected that the natural aptitudes of his race should already

have become moulded into accordance with his very recent

advance. We men of the present centuries are like animals

suddenly transplanted among new conditions of climate and of

food; our instincts fail us under the altered circumstances.

“My theory is confirmed by the fact that the members of old

civilisations are far less sensible than those newly converted

from barbarism, of their nature being inadequate to their moral

needs. The conscience of a negro is aghast at his own wild

impulsive nature, and is easily stirred by a preacher; but

it is scarcely possible to ruffle the self-complacency of a

steady-going Chinaman.

“The sense of Original Sin would show, according to my theory,

not that man was fallen from a high estate, but that he was

rapidly rising from a low one. It would therefore confirm the

conclusion that has been arrived at by every independent line

of ethnological research, that our forefathers were utter

savages ... and that after myriads of years of barbarism our

race has but very recently grown to be civilised and religious.”

The above paragraphs appeared also in _Hereditary Genius_.

These views published by me forty-five years ago are still up to date,

owing to the slow advance of the popular mind in its appreciation of

the force of heredity. My fault in other parts of these articles was a

tendency to overrate the speed with which a great improvement of the race

of mankind might, theoretically, be effected. I had not then made out the

law of Regression. With this qualification the above extracts express my

present views.

Before concluding with these magazine articles, I will make yet another

extract in reference to a subject which a friend urged upon me quite

recently as a worthy subject of experiment, namely, the breeding of

animals for intelligence. The following extract shows that I considered

it long ago. I have frequently since thought of making an attempt to

carry it out, but it would have occupied more time and money than I could

have spared. As it is just possible that the idea may now catch the fancy

of some one, and induce him to make a trial, I reprint the passage here:—

“So far as I am aware, no animals have ever been bred for

general intelligence. Special aptitudes are thoroughly

controlled by the breeder. He breeds Dogs that point, that

retrieve, that fondle or that bite; but no one has ever yet

attempted to breed for high general intellect, irrespective

of all other qualifications. It would be a most interesting

subject for an attempt. We hear constantly of prodigies of

dogs, whose very intelligence makes them of little value as

slaves. When they are wanted, they are apt to be absent on

their own errands. They are too critical of their master’s

conduct. For instance, an intelligent dog shows marked contempt

for an unsuccessful sportsman. He will follow nobody along a

road that leads to a well-known tedious errand. He does not

readily forgive a man who wounds his self-esteem. He is often

a dexterous thief and a sad hypocrite. For these reasons an

over-intelligent dog is not an object of particular desire,

and therefore I suppose no one has ever thought of encouraging

a breed of wise dogs. But it would be a most interesting

occupation for a country philosopher to pick up the cleverest

dogs he could hear of, and mate them together, generation

after generation—breeding purely for intellectual power, and

disregarding shape, size, and every other quality.”

The phrase “regardless of every other quality” is too strong, some regard

should be paid to the physique and to the character of the dogs.

Perhaps twenty females, ten males, and a fluctuating population of

puppies would be enough for an experiment. The cost of this would not be

very great, and would be sensibly diminished in time by money derived

from the sale of pups.

* * * * *

The idea of the improvement of the human race was again mooted in 1884,

and the term Eugenics was then first applied to it in my _Human Faculty_.

Afterwards it was strongly emphasised in my “Huxley Lecture” before the

Anthropological Institute in 1901[161], on the “Possible Improvement of

the Human Breed under the existing conditions of Law and Sentiment.”

Great steps towards estimating the values of the influences concerned in

effecting it had been made in the meantime by Professor Karl Pearson.

He took up my work on Correlation[104], vastly extending its theory,

and adding largely to the data. I had gone no further than to obtain

simple results based on the Gaussian law of distribution; he worked out

those results with great mathematical skill and elaboration. He also

generalised them so as to deal with other laws of distribution than the

Gaussian.

Moreover, Professor Karl Pearson established a Biometric Laboratory in

University College, where accurate computations are made, and whence a

quarterly publication, _Biometrika_, is issued. It was established by

him and Professor Weldon, whose untimely death has been a deep sorrow to

many friends and a serious loss to the science of heredity. I also was

nominally connected with _Biometrika_ as “Consulting Editor.”

The ground had thus become more or less prepared for further advance;

so, after talking over the matter with the authorities of the University

of London, and obtaining their ready concurrence, I supplied sufficient

funds to allow of a small establishment for the furtherance of Eugenics.

The University provided rooms, and gave the sanction of their name and

various facilities, and I provided the salaries for a Research Fellow

and for a Research Scholar. The Eugenics Laboratory of the University

of London is now situated in University College, in connection with

Professor Karl Pearson’s biometric laboratory, and I am glad to say

he has consented to take it, for the present at least, under his very

able superintendence; as I am too old and infirm now to be able to look

properly after it. Valuable memoirs are being published by the Laboratory

from time to time, and the young institution promises to be a permanent

success.

The authorities of the newly established Sociological Society were

disposed to take up the subject of Race Improvement, so I gave lectures

at two of their meetings in 1904 and 1905, which are published in Vols

I. and II. of the _Sociological Papers_[169]. The subjects were on,

“Eugenics, its Scope and Aims,” “Restrictions in Marriage,” “Studies in

National Eugenics,” and “Eugenics as a Factor in Religion.” Eugenics is

officially defined in the Minutes of the University of London as “the

study of agencies under social control that may improve or impair the

racial qualities of future generations, either physically or mentally.”

Skilful and cautious statistical treatment is needed in most of the

many inquiries upon whose results the methods of Eugenics will rest. A

full account of the inquiries is necessarily technical and dry, but the

results are not, and a “Eugenics Education Society” has been recently

established to popularise those results. At the request of its Committee

I have lately joined it as Hon. President, and hope to aid its work so

far as the small powers that an advanced age still leaves intact may

permit.

* * * * *

A true philanthropist concerns himself not only with society as a whole,

but also with as many of the individuals who compose it as the range of

his affections can include. If a man devotes himself solely to the good

of a nation as a whole, his tastes must be impersonal and his conclusions

so far heartless, deserving the ill title of “dismal” with which Carlyle

labelled statistics. If, on the other hand, he attends only to certain

individuals in whom he happens to take an interest, he becomes guided by

favouritism and is oblivious of the rights of others and of the futurity

of the race. Charity refers to the individual; Statesmanship to the

nation; Eugenics cares for both.

It is known that a considerable part of the huge stream of British

charity furthers by indirect and unsuspected ways the production of the

Unfit; it is most desirable that money and other attention bestowed

on harmful forms of charity should be diverted to the production and

well-being of the Fit. For clearness of explanation we may divide newly

married couples into three classes, with respect to the probable civic

worth of their offspring. There would be a small class of “desirables,” a

large class of “passables,” of whom nothing more will be said here, and

a small class of “undesirables.” It would clearly be advantageous to the

country if social and moral support as well as timely material help were

extended to the desirables, and not monopolised as it is now apt to be by

the undesirables.

I take Eugenics very seriously, feeling that its principles ought to

become one of the dominant motives in a civilised nation, much as if they

were one of its religious tenets. I have often expressed myself in this

sense, and will conclude this book by briefly reiterating my views.

Individuals appear to me as partial detachments from the infinite ocean

of Being, and this world as a stage on which Evolution takes place,

principally hitherto by means of Natural Selection, which achieves the

good of the whole with scant regard to that of the individual.

Man is gifted with pity and other kindly feelings; he has also the power

of preventing many kinds of suffering. I conceive it to fall well within

his province to replace Natural Selection by other processes that are

more merciful and not less effective.

This is precisely the aim of Eugenics. Its first object is to check the

birth-rate of the Unfit, instead of allowing them to come into being,

though doomed in large numbers to perish prematurely. The second object

is the improvement of the race by furthering the productivity of the

Fit by early marriages and healthful rearing of their children. Natural

Selection rests upon excessive production and wholesale destruction;

Eugenics on bringing no more individuals into the world than can be

properly cared for, and those only of the best stock.

[Illustration: GALTONIA CANDICANS]

FOOTNOTES

[1] One of the verses still haunts my memory and deserves reproduction:—

“The brook sings not so cheerily as of yore,

The young spring leaf is withered and upcurled,

The rose is scentless, and the sunbeam cold,

Truly there’s something wanting in the world.”

[2] _Narrative of an Explorer in Tropical South-West Africa._ By F.

Galton (Murray), 2nd edition, Ward, Locke, & Co., Minerva Press, 1889.

_Lake N’gamî; Explorations in South-West Africa._ By Ch. Andersson

(Longman), 1856. Also papers by both in the Journal of the Royal

Geographical Society.

[3] Anyhow, the optical principle on which it worked was pretty. A part

of the flash struck one end of a strip cut out of the middle of a glass

lens, and was brought by it to a focus (a burning spot) on an otherwise

shaded porcelain screen. The eye looking through the other end of the

strip saw the burning spot as a mock-sun. Now, by a well-known optical

law, the apparent position of the burning spot is the same whatever be

the part of the lens that makes it, or through which it is viewed. So

the mock-sun seen by the eye covers the same part of the landscape that

is simultaneously covered by the flash. The eye sees, it is true, only

one portion of the mock-sun, whence the position of the rest has to be

inferred.

[4] _Photographs of the North American Indians._ By Garrick Mallery,

from the Fourth Annual Report of the Museum of Ethnology, Washington,

Government Printing Office, 1886.

[5] _Extract from letter of M. Alphonse Bertillon, 15 Juin 1891_: “Je

vous remercie de votre nouvel envoi relativement aux _impressions

digitales_. Je suis fort disposé à ajouter votre procédé au signalement

anthropométrique surtout pour les enfants. Mais je redoute quelques

difficultés pratiques pour le nettoyage des doigts après l’impression

faite, etc. Puis mes agents si peu instruits mettront-ils le zèle

nécessaire pour apprendre votre méthode? Je crois que vous traversez

souvent Paris, pourriez vous à votre prochain voyage, me consacrer une

matinée au Dépot, pour un essayage sur la vile multitude?”

[6] The word “about” is a slight reservation due to each class man, being

one-half place short of his nominal class-place. In a class of 100, the

topmost occupies the post of ½, and the lowest that of 99½. There are 101

divisions or “rungs” from 0° to 100° inclusive, but only 100 persons. The

existence of this half place may be neglected by the ordinary reader,

though an expert would lay stress upon it.

[7] Nephew of the two great actors, John Philip Kemble and of Mrs.

Siddons; brother of Adelaide and of Fanny Kemble, and having at least

four other near relations who were noted actors.

[8] Now Professor Sir George H. Darwin, K.C.B., F.R.S., etc.

[9] It was revised and added to in the _Journal of the Anthropological

Institute_, 1875[43], and then incorporated into _Human Faculty_, 1883

(which is now republished in an exceedingly cheap form in “Everyman’s

Library”).

[10] This unit is known by the uncouth and not easily justified name of

“Probable Error,” which I suppose is intended to express the fact that

the number of deviations or “Errors” in the two outer fourths of the

series is the same as those in the two middle fourths; and therefore the

probability is equal that an unknown error will fall into either of these

two great halves, the outer or the inner.

[11] See Pres. Address, Section H, Brit. Assoc. Aberdeen, 1885[87].

APPENDIX

[1]. Telotype, a Printing Electric Telegraph (J.

Weale;—Macmillan) 1850

[2]. Recent Expedition into the Interior of South-Western Africa

(_Geogr. Soc. Journ._) 1852

[3]. =Tropical South Africa= (Murray, 1853) (second edition,

Ward, Lock & Co., _Minerva Press_, 1889) 1853

[4]. Modern Geography—Cambridge Essays (J. W. Parker) 1855

[5]. =Art of Travel=, 1855, and subsequent editions (Murray) 1855

[6]. Arts of Campaigning, Inaugural Lecture at Aldershot

(Murray) 1855

[7]. Course of Public Lectures in the Camp at Aldershot

(Privately Printed) 1856

[8]. Catalogue of Models illustrative of Camp Life (Privately

Printed) 1858

[9]. Exploration of Arid Countries (_Geogr. Soc. Proc._) 1858

[10]. Hand Heliostat, for the purpose of Flashing Sun Signals,

from on board Ship or on Land, in Sunny Climates (_Brit.

Assoc. Rep._, 1858; _Geogr. Soc. Proc._, 1860) 1858

[11]. =Vacation Tourists=, Edited and containing two Memoirs

by F. Galton (Macmillan) 1860-63

[12]. On a New Principle for the Protection of Riflemen (based

on the trajectory of the spherical bullets then in use)

(_United Service Journ._) 1861

[13]. Zanzibar, a Lecture at the S.P.G. (_Mission Field_) 1861

[14]. Circular asking for Synchronance Observations during one

month three times daily, with map (Privately Printed) 1861

[15]. Meteorological Charts (_Phil. Mag._) 1861

[16]. A Development of the Theory of Cyclones (Anticyclones)

(_Roy. Soc. Proc._) 1862

[17]. =Meteorographica= (Macmillan) 1863

[18]. Stereoscopic Maps, taken from models of mountainous

countries (_Geogr. Soc. Journ._) 1865

[19]. Spectacles for Divers, and the Vision of Amphibious

Animals (_Brit. Assoc. Rep._) 1865

[20]. Hereditary Talent and Character (_Macmillan’s Magazine_) 1865

[21]. Conversion of Wind-Charts into Passage-Charts (_Brit.

Assoc. Rep.; Phil. Mag._) 1866

[22]. =Hereditary Genius=, 1869; second edition, 1892 (Macmillan) 1869

[23]. Drill Pantagraph, reducing horizontally and vertically

to different scales. Also a Mechanical Computer of

Vapour Tension. Report of Meteorological Council.

_See_ also 119 1869

[24]. Barometric Predictions of Weather (_Brit. Assoc. Rep._) 1870

[25]. Experiments in Pangenesis, by breeding from rabbits of a

pure variety, into whose circulation blood taken from

other varieties had previously been largely transfused

(_Roy. Soc. Proc._) 1871

[26]. Gregariousness in Cattle and in Men (_Macmillan’s Mag._;

vol. 23) 1872

[27]. On Blood Relationship: a Discussion on the Meaning of

Kinship (_Roy. Soc. Proc._) 1872

[28]. Address to the Geographical Section of the British

Association at Brighton (_Brit. Assoc. Rep._) 1872

[29]. Statistical Inquiries into the Efficacy of Prayer

(_Fortnightly Review_) 1872

[30]. Relative Supplies from Town and Country Families to

Future Generations (_Journ. Statist. Soc._) 1873

[31]. Africa for the Chinese (_Times_) 1873

[32]. Employment of Meteorological Statistics in determining

the best course for a ship whose sailing qualities

are known (_Roy. Soc. Proc._) 1873

[33]. Hereditary Improvement (_Frazer’s Magazine_, January) 1873

[34]. Proposed Statistical Scale (_Nature_, 5th March) 1870

[35]. Proposal to apply for Anthropological Statistics from

Schools (_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._) 1874

[36]. English Men of Science, their Nature and their Nurture

(_Royal Institution_) 1874

[37]. =English Men of Science=, their Nature and Nurture

(Macmillan) 1874

[38]. Excess of Females in the West Indies (_Anthropol. Inst.

Journ._) 1874

[39]. Notes on the Marlborough School Statistics (_Anthropol.

Inst. Journ._) 1875

[40]. On the Probability of the Extinction of Families [in

association with Rev. H. W. Watson] (_Anthropol.

Inst. Journ._) 1875

[41]. Statistics by Intercomparison, with Remarks on the Law

of Frequency of Error (_Phil. Mag._) 1875

[42]. Height and Weight of Boys, aged 14, in Town and Country

Public Schools (_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._) 1876

[43]. The History of Twins, as a Criterion of the Relative

Powers of Nature and Nurture (_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._) 1876

[44]. Short Notes on Heredity, etc., in Twins (_Anthropol.

Inst. Journ._) 1876

[45]. A Theory of Heredity (_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._; _Revue

Scientif._) 1876

[46]. Whistles for Determining the Upper Limits of Audible Sound

in Different Persons (_South Kensington Conferences_;

volume on “Chemistry, Biology,” etc. p. 61). _See_

Hydrogen Whistles, 74 1866

[47]. Apparatus for the Rapid Verification of Thermometers; now

in use at the Kew Observatory (_Roy. Soc. Proc._, 1878;

_Phil. Mag._ 1877) 1877

[48]. Typical Laws of Heredity (1877) (_Royal Inst. Proc._, 1879;

_Nature_, 1877; _Revue Scientif._, 1877) 1877

[49]. Address to the Department of Anthropology of the Brit.

Assoc., Plymouth [On the Study of Types (or Groups)

of Men] (_Brit. Assoc. Rep._; _Nature_; _Revue

Scientif._, 1877) 1877

[51]. Composite Portraits, made by combining those of many

different persons into a single resultant figure

(_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._, 1879; _Nature_, 1878;

_Revue Scientif._, 1879) 1878

[52]. Letters of H. M. Stanley from Equatorial Africa to _Daily

Telegraph_ (_Edin. Review_) 1878

[53]. The Geometric Mean in Vital and Social Statistics (_Roy.

Soc. Proc._) 1879

[54]. Generic Images (_Nineteenth Century_) 1879

[55]. Psychometric Experiments, Free Will (_Brain_, vol. ii.) 1879

[56]. Opportunities of Science Masters at Schools (_Nature_) 1880

[57]. Determining the Heights and Distances of Clouds by their

Reflections in a low Pool of Water, and in a Mercurial

Horizon (_Brit. Assoc. Rep._) 1880

[58]. Visualised Numerals (Preliminary Memoir) (_Nature_) 1880

[59]. Statistics of Mental Imagery (_Mind_, No. XIX.) 1880

[60]. _Galtonia Candicans_ (_Flores des serres_, etc., par J.

Decaisne, 1880), (_Gardeners’ Chronicle_, 1881) 1880

[61]. The Equipment of Exploring Expeditions now and fifty years

ago, (_Brit. Assoc. Rep._) 1881

[62]. Construction of Isochronic Passage-Charts (_Brit. Assoc.

Rep._; _Geogr. Soc. Proc._) 1881

[63]. Visualised Numerals (_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._) 1881

[64]. Inquiry into the Physiognomy of Phthisis by the Method of

Composite Portraiture (in connection with Dr. Mahomed)

(_Guy’s Hospital Reports_, vol. XXV.) 1881

[65]. Visions of Sane Persons (_Roy. Inst. Proc._) 1882

[66]. Generic Images (_Roy. Inst. Proc._) 1882

[67]. Photographic Portraits from Childhood to Age

(_Fortnightly Review_) 1882

[68]. A Rapid-View Instrument for Momentary Attitudes (_Nature_) 1882

[69]. Anthropometric Laboratory (_Fortnightly Review_) 1882

[70]. Conventional Representation of the Horse in Motion

(_Nature_) 1882

[71]. Apparatus for testing the Delicacy of the Muscular and

other Senses (_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._) 1883

[72]. The American Trotting-Horse (_Nature_) 1883

[73]. Outfit for an Anthropometric Laboratory (Privately Printed) 1883

[74]. Hydrogen Whistles (_Nature_). _See_ 46 1883

[75]. =Human Faculty= (Macmillan) 1883

[76]. Medical Family Registers (proposed prizes) (_Fortnightly

Review_) 1883

[77]. Arithmetic Notation of Kinship (_Nature_) 1883

[78]. Anthrop. Laboratory, Internat. Health Exhib. (Issued by

Authority) 1884

[79]. =Life History Album=, 1884 (second edition, 1903,

Macmillan) 1884

[80]. Table of Observations [of 400 persons] (_Anthropol. Inst.

Journ._) 1884

[81]. Free Will, Observations and Inferences (_Mind_, No. XXXV.) 1884

[82]. Measurement of Character (_Fortnightly Review_) 1884

[83]. =Record of Family Faculties= (published in connection with

an offer of prizes) (Macmillan) 1884

[84]. Anthropometric Laboratory at the International Health

Exhibition (_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._) 1885

[85]. Anthropometric Per-Centiles (_Nature_) 1885

[86]. Address to the Anthropological Section of the British

Association, Aberdeen, 1885 [On Inheritance and

Regression] (_Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1885; _Anthropol.

Inst. Journ._, 1886) 1885

[87]. Regression towards Mediocrity in Hereditary Stature

(_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._) 1885

[88]. Good and Bad Temper in English Families (_Nineteenth

Century_) 1885

[89]. Composite Portraits (four sets reproduced) (_Photo News_) 1885

[90]. Family Likeness in Stature, with an Appendix by J. D.

Hamilton Dickson (_Roy. Soc. Proc._) 1886

[91]. Family Likeness in Eye-Colour (_Roy. Soc. Proc._) 1886

[92]. Presidential Address, Anthropol. Inst. (_Anthropol. Inst.

Journ._) 1886

[93]. The Origin of Varieties (Curve of Attractiveness)

(_Nature_) 1886

[94]. Anniversary Meeting of Royal Society—Presentation of a

Royal Medal to F. Galton. Also his speech after the

dinner (_Times_) 1886

[95]. Recent Designs for Anthropometric Instruments (_Anthropol.

Inst. Journ._) 1887

[96]. Notes on Permanent Colour Types in Mosaics (_Anthropol.

Inst. Journ._) 1887

[97]. Thoughts without Words (_Nature_) 1887

[98]. Presidential Address, Anthropol. Inst. (_Anthropol. Inst.

Journ._) 1887

[99]. Pedigree Moth-Breeding as a means of Verifying certain

Important Constants in the General Theory of Heredity

(_Trans. Entomol. Soc., London_) 1887

[100]. Notes on Australian Marriage Systems (_Anthropol. Inst.

Journ._) 1889

[101]. Remarks on Replies by Teachers to Questions respecting

Mental Fatigue (_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._) 1889

[102]. Presidential Address, Anthropol. Inst. (_Anthrop. Inst.

Journ._) 1888

[103]. Correlations and their Measurement, chiefly from

Anthropometric Data (_Roy. Soc. Proc._) 1889

[104]. Instruments—(1) Differences of Tint; (2) for Reading Time

(_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._) 1889

[105]. Presidential Address, Anthropol. Inst. (_Anthropol.

Inst. Journ._) 1889

[106]. Personal Identification and Description (_Roy. Inst.

Proc._, 1889; _Nature_, 1888) 1889

[107]. Head Growth in Students at the University of Cambridge

(_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._, 1889; _Nature_, 1888-89) 1889

[108]. Advisability of Assigning Marks for Bodily Efficiency

in the Examination of Candidates for the Public

Services (_Brit. Assoc. Rep._) 1889

[109]. =Natural Inheritance= (Macmillan, 1889) 1889

[110]. Anthropometric Laboratory, Notes and Memoirs (Privately

Printed) 1890

[111]. A New Instrument for Measuring the Rate of Movement of

the Various Limbs (_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._) 1891

[112]. Dice for Statistical Experiments (_Nature_) 1890

[113]. Physical Tests in Competitive Examinations (_Soc. of

Arts Journ._) 1890

[114]. Tests and Certificates of the Kew Observatory (Printed for

the Observatory) 1890

[115]. Retrospect of Work done at my Anthropometric Laboratory

at South Kensington (_Anthropol. Inst. Journ._) 1892

[116]. Patterns in Thumb and Finger Marks; their arrangement

into naturally distinct classes, the permanence of the

Papillary Ridges that make them, and the resemblance

of their classes to ordinary genera (_Phil. Trans._,

abstract; _Roy. Soc. Proc._) 1891

[117]. Methods of Indexing Finger Marks (_Roy. Soc. Proc._) 1891

[118]. Galton’s Pantagraph and Vapour Tension Computer

(Illustrated) (_Deutsche Mathem.: Vereinigung_).

_See_ also 23 1892

[119]. The Just Perceptible Difference [Descriptive Portraiture]

(_Roy. Inst. Proc._) 1893

[120]. Identification (_Nature_) 1893

[121]. =Finger Prints= (Macmillan) 1893

[122]. =Blurred Finger Prints= (Macmillan) 1893

[123]. Enlarged Finger Prints (_Photographic Work_) 1893

[124]. Results derived from the Natality Table of Korosi, by

employing the Method of Contours, or Isogens (_Roy.

Soc. Proc._) 1894

[125]. Physical Index to 100 Persons, their Measures and Finger

Prints (Privately Printed) 1894

[126]. Relative Sensitivity of Men and Women (_Nature_) 1894

[127]. Arithmetic by Smell (_Psychological Review_) 1894

[128]. A Plausible Paradox in Chances (_Nature_) 1894

[129]. Discontinuity in Evolution (_Mind_) 1894

[130]. =Finger Print Directory= (Macmillan) 1895

[131]. Terms of Imprisonment (Distribution of Sentences)

(_Nature_) 1895

[132]. A New Step in Statistical Science (_Nature_) 1895

[133]. Intelligible Signals between Neighbouring Stars (or other

inaccessible stations whose inhabitants had no common

language) (_Fortnightly Review_) 1896

[134]. A Curious Idiosyncrasy [Faintness at Sight of an Injured

Finger Nail] (_Nature_) 1896

[135]. Three Generations of Lunatic Cats (_Spectator_) 1896

[136]. Prints of Scars (_Nature_) 1896

[137]. Private Circular of Committee for Measurement of Plants

and Animals (private, by Royal Society) Dec. 5, Nov. 30 1896

[138]. The Average Contribution of each several Ancestor to the

Total Heritage of the Offspring (_Roy. Soc. Proc._) 1897

[139]. A New Law of Heredity (_Nature_) 1897

[140]. Hereditary Colour in Horses (_Nature_) 1897

[141]. Rate of Racial Change that accompanies Different Degrees

of Severity in Selection (_Nature_) 1897

[142]. Relation between Individual and Racial Variability

(_Nature_) 1897

[143]. Retrograde Selection (_Gardeners’ Chronicle_) 1897

[144]. A Diagram of Heredity illustrating the “Ancestral Law”

(_Nature_) 1898

[145]. An Examination into the Registered Speeds of American

Trotting Horses, with Remarks on their Value as

Hereditary Data (_Roy. Soc. Proc._; Nature) 1898

[146]. Photographic Measurement of Horses and other Animals

(_Nature_) 1898

[147]. Photographic Record of Pedigree Stock (_Brit. Assoc.

Rep._, pp. 597-603, wrongly indexed as p. 567) 1898

[148]. Distribution of Prepotency (in horses) (_Nature_) 1898

[149]. Temporary Flooring in Westminster Abbey for Ceremonial

Processions (_Times_, May 25) 1898

[150]. Pedigree Stock Records (_Brit. Assoc. Rep._, pp. 424-430) 1899

[151]. The Median Estimate (_Brit. Assoc. Rep._, pp. 638-640) 1899

[152]. Strawberry Cure for Gout (Linnaeus;—_Nature_) 1899

[153]. Souvenirs d’Egypte (_Bulletin de la Soc. Khédiviale de

Geographie_; _Isap. Nat., Cairo_) 1900

[154]. A Geometric Determination of the Median Value of a System

of Normal Variants, from Two of its Centiles (_Nature_) 1900

[155]. Analytical Photography (_Nature_; _Photogr. Soc. Journ.,

New Series_) 1900

[156]. =Biometrika=, Consulting Editor of 1901

[157]. Biometry (_Biometrika_) 1901

[158]. First and Second Prizes (_Biometrika_) 1901-2

[159]. Probability of a Son of a very gifted Father being no

less gifted (_Nature_) 1901

[160]. The Possible Improvement of the Human Breed under the

Existing Conditions of Law and Sentiment (Huxley

Lecture of the Anthropological Institute, _Nature_;

Smithsonian Institution Report) 1901

[161]. Finger Print Evidence (_Nature_) 1902

[162]. Pedigrees (based on Fraternal Units) (_Nature_) 1903

[163]. Are we degenerating? (_Daily Chronicle_) 1903

[164]. On Remarks by Sir Edward Fry on Natural Selection

(_Nature_) 1903

[165]. Nomenclature and Tables of Kinship (father, mother,

brother, etc.), (_Nature_, Jan. 28) 1904

[166]. Average Number of Kinsfolk in each Degree (_Nature_) 1904-5

[167]. University of London. Notice of Research Fellowship in

Eugenics (_Printed for University_) 1904

[168]. Restrictions in Marriage; Studies in National Eugenics;

Eugenics as a Factor in Religion, with abstract of an

earlier paper (vol. ii. _Sociological Papers_) 1905

[169]. Distribution of Successes and Natural Ability among

Kinsfolk of Fellows of Royal Soc. (_Nature_) 1905

[170]. Anthropometry at Schools (_Royal Inst. of Public Health,

London Congress_) 1905

[171]. On Dr. Fauld’s ‘Guide to Finger-Print Identification’

(_Nature_, Supplement) 1905

[172]. Number of Strokes of the Brush in a Picture (_Nature_) 1905

[173]. Cutting a round Cake on Scientific Principles 1906

[174]. =Noteworthy Families=, jointly with E. Schuster (Murray) 1906

[175]. Measurement of Resemblance (_Nature_) 1906

[176]. One Vote one Value (_Nature_) 1907

[177]. Vox Populi (_Nature_) 1907

[178]. Further sum of £1000 to University of London (_Times_) 1907

[179]. Probability the Foundation of Eugenics, “H. Spencer”

Lecture Oxford (_Clarendon Press Oxf._) 1907

[180]. Grades and Deviates (calculations by W. F. Sheppard;

Vol. v. _Biometrika_) 1907

[181]. Suggestions for improving the Literary Style of Scientific

Memoir (_R. Soc. Literature_) 1908

[182]. Eugenics, Address on (_Westminster Gazette_, June 26) 1908

PRINCIPAL AWARDS AND DEGREES

Gold Medal, Royal Geographical Society 1853

Silver Medal, French Geographical Society 1854

Elected to Athenæum Club under Rule II. 1855

Fellow of the Royal Society 1856

Gold Medal of the Royal Society 1886

Officer de I’Instruction Publique, France 1891

D.C.L. Oxford 1894

Sc.D. (Honorary), Cambridge 1895

Huxley Medal Anthropological Institute 1901

Elected Hon. Fellow Trinity College, Cambridge 1902

Darwin Medal, Royal Society 1902

Linnæan Society Medal at Darwin-Wallace Celebration 1908

INDEX

Abbas Pasha, 91

Aberdeen, 316

Aberfeldy, 71

Abney, Sir W., 227

Abydos (Egypt), 98

Adelsberg, caves of, 56

Aden (in Lebanon), 104

AFTER RETURN HOME—MARRIAGE, 152

Agricultural Hall, 217

Ague, 102, 106, 159

Airy, Sir George, 187

Alcock, Sir Rutherford, 193

Aldershot, lectures at, 164

Alexander, Sir James, 128, 201

Ali (dragoman), 85, 89, 102, 103

Allman, Prof., 294

Alpine Club, 190

Amiral, 135, 147

Ancestral law, 308

Anderson, Ch. J., 123, 148, 149

Andorre, Republic of, 190

Anthropological Notes and Queries, 163

Anthropometric Laboratories, International Exhibition, 244;

South Kensington, 249

Anticyclones, 231

Arithmetic by Smell, 283

Arnaud Bey, 87, 97

Arnold, Dr., 63, 69

ART OF TRAVEL, 161, 162

Ashburton, Lord, 169

Athenæum Club, 12, 150

Atkinson, T. W., 176

Attwood, Rev. G., 18

Austen, Sir Ch. Roberts, 216

Austen and Austin, 291

Automatic acts interfered with, 276

Avebury, Lord, 177

Bachelor, the “Travelling,” 68

Bag for sleeping, 189

Balloon, 115;

the Nassau, 183

Bam, Rev. —, 132

Barclay of Ury (Apologist), 5

—— Capt. B. Allardice, 5

—— Hedworth, 85

Barmen Mission Station, 129

Barth, Dr., 172

Basset Hounds, 308

Bates, H. W., 210

Bayouda Desert, 95

Bears, 123, 190

Beauty-maps, 315

Bennett, Sir J. Risdon, 274

Bentham, George, 174, 190

Bentinck, Mr., 152

Berkswell Rectory, 306

Bertillon, Alphonse, measurements, 251;

letter on finger-prints, 255;

system inappropriate to India, 256

Beyrout, quarantine, 102, 105

Bidder, G., Q.C., 270

Biggs, Miss E., 195

Birmingham Hospital, 20, 43

—— School, 20

Bishari Desert, 87

Black Sea, 51

Blakesley, J. W., 58

Blind, low muscular sense of, 249

Blood, smell of, 191

Blue Nile, 94

Bob (Arab boy), 86, 88, 96

Boers, 126, 136

Bosphorus, 52

Boulogne, school at, 16

Boulton, Matthew P. W., 19, 58

—— Montagu, 85

—— & Watt’s works, 4, 19

Bowman, Sir W., 24, 41

Bradley, Dean, 183

Bradshaw, Mrs., 106

Brakes to carriages, 61

Brandram, Miss (_see_ MacLennan), 192

Breathing, experiments on, 276

Bristed, C., 77

BRITISH ASSOCIATION, 65, 208, 213

Broca, 44

Brock, Mr., 249

Brodrick, Hon. G., 180, 211

Brookfield, W. H., 170

Brougham, Lord, 153

Buffon, 292

Bump bag, 116

Bunbury, Mrs. (Adele Galton), 13

Burns (accidents), 30

Burton, Sir R., 161, 171, 199, 202-3

Bushmen, 130, 147

Butler, A. Frank, 195

—— George, D.D., 154, 156

—— George G., 211

—— G. G., Medallist R.S. Soc., 212

—— Montagu, D.D., Master of Trinity, 160

Buxton, Charles, 69

Byron, Lord (the poet), 49, 63, 170

—— —— Admiral, 8

Cairo, 86

CAMBRIDGE, 58

Camel, desiccated, 89

Cameron of Lochiel, 190

Campbell, Hon. F., afterwards Lord Stratheden and Campbell, 65, 77

Candolle, de, Alphonse, 291

Canning, 85

Caravan, 89

Carlyle, 169, 322

Carpenter, Prof. W. B., 10

Cattle Show at Plymouth, 280

Cayley, Prof. Arthur, 53, 71

Celibacy (of clergy), 314

Gentiles, table of, 267, 299

Chain armour, 107

Chandos-Pole, Col. Sacheverel, 7

CHILDHOOD AND BOYHOOD, 13

Chinaman, 317

Chree, Dr., 229

Clark, W. G., 70

Classics, Senior, heredity in, 289

Claverdon, 110

Clermont-Ferrand, 154

Clifford, W. K., 216

Clouds, smoke, from bursting shell, 236

Cobra, poison fang, 298

COMPOSITE PORTRAITS AND STEREOSCOPIC MAPS, 259

Constantinople, 52

Cooke, Messrs., 226

Copley Medal, 71

Correlations, 302

Corona at eclipse, 188

Cory, W. Johnson, 67

Costigan, Capt., 106

Count O., 62

Crawfurd, John, 172

Crimean War, 163

Crocodiles, 95

Culrain moor, 111

Cumming, Gordon, 122

Cunene R., 130

Curative index, 33

Cyclones, 230

Dacota Indians, 197

Dalyell, Sir Robert, 78

Damaras, 127, 130, 141

—— endurance of pain, 35

Damascus, 102

Daniell, Prof., 41

Danube, 50

Darwin, D. Erasmus, 6, 22, 85, 288

—— Charles his son, 7

—— Dr. Robert, 7, 22

—— Charles R., the Naturalist, letter on “Art of Travel,” 163;

visits to, at Down, 169;

misunderstood, 287;

letter to me on Hereditary Genius, 290

—— Major Leonard, 173, 228

—— Prof. Sir George, 290

Dasent, Sir G., 39

Dead Sea, 106

Decaisne, Prof. J., 175

Deftader of Shendy, 91, 92

De la Rue, 227

Delirium tremens, 38

Denman, Justice Hon. G., 70, 74

Derby races, 178, 179

Deviations from Median, 299

Dewar, Sir J., 302

Dickson, J. Hamilton, 302

Directory, Finger Prints, 255

Dogs, breeding for intelligence, 318

Dongola, 95

Drowning, escape from, 45

Drunken man operated on, 35

Druse chief, 102

Du Cane, Sir Edmund, 259

Duddeston, 2

Duelling, 75

Eclipse, 188

Edstone, 114

EGYPT AND THE SOUDAN, 83

Electric telegraph, 119

Elephant Fontein, 146

Emin Bey, 205

Emir Rourbah, 107

English Men of Science, 219

Epigram Club, 68

Erhardt, 146, 198

Erongo, 131, 137

Eugenics, 310, 319

Evans, Rev. Charles (Brit. Assoc.), 218

—— Capt. Sir Frederick, 233

Extinction of families, 305

Falstaff’s soliloquy, 1

Family likeness, 302

—— records, 293

Farr, Dr., 292

Farrar, F. (Dean of Canterbury), 211, 244

Farrer, Lord, 233

Fazakerley, 111

Fellow (of a Scientific Society), 222

Fever, 102, 106

Fidgets, counting number of, 278

Finger-prints, 252, 254

—— letter from Bertillon on, 255

FitzRoy, Admiral, 229, 232

Forbes, Edward, 216

Forensic medicine, 42

Frazer, J. G., 105

Free will, 295

Frere, Sir Bartle, 206

—— Hookham, 85

—— Robert, 45, 85

Freshfield, Douglas, 212

Fry, Mrs., 6

Galton, hamlet of, 5

Galton, Samuel, 2, 5, 11;

Samuel John, 2, 3, 4, 18;

Samuel Tertius (my father), 2, 8, 47, 82;

Hubert, 8;

Howard, 8;

Theodore, 9;

Sir Douglas, 10, 122, 228;

A. Violetta (my mother), 10, 155;

Bessy (Mrs. Wheler), my sister, 14, 84;

Lucy (Mrs. Moilliet), 11, 84;

Adele (Mrs. Bunbury), 13, 83, 156;

Emma, 84, 155;

Darwin (my brother), 84;

Erasmus (my brother), 16, 79, 83, 156, 164;

Mrs. Francis G. (my wife), 154, 220

_Galtonia Candicans_, 175;

vignette, 323

Garibaldi, 285

Gassiott, J. P., 228, 250

Gauss’s law, 299, 304

Gell, Bishop of Madras, 75

Genera and patterns in finger prints, 253

Geographical R. Society, 122, 126, 150, 162, 210

Geographical Society, Cairo, 97

GEOGRAPHY AND EAST AFRICA, 198

George IV., 45

Germans in S.W. Africa, 128

Ghou Damup, 130

Gibbs, W. F., 74

Giddiness (_see_ Illnesses), 16, 155

Giessen, 48

Gladstone, Mr. W. E., 249

Goldie, Sir George, 173

Granada, 52

Grange, the, 169

Grant, Col., 200

Grove, Hon. Justice Sir Wm., 42, 219

Gummi schuhe, 306

Gurney, Hudson, 6

Gurney, Mr. and Mrs. Russell, 181, 182

Gurneys of Earlham, 9

Guy’s Hospital, 262

Hahn, Rev. Hugo, 135, 145

Hallam, Harry F., 65, 115

Hallam, Henry, 65, 79

Hand Heliostat, 165

Hans Larsen, 134, 141, 149

Hanwell, photographs of lunatics, 262

Harris, Capt., 122

Harrow, 160

Hausa language, 172

Haviland, Dr., 47

Hawkins, F. Vaughan, 191, 306

Heliostat, 61, 226;

hand, 165

Henry, Sir Edward, 256

HEREDITY, 287

Herschel, Sir John, 188

—— Sir William, 252

Hill, Sir Rowland, 3

Hills, Judge and Mrs., 222

Hints to Travellers, 163

Hippopatami, 95

Historical Society, 76

Hodgson, Joseph, 22, 39, 85

Holden, H., 21, 76

Hollond, Mr. and Mrs. Robert, 183

Hooker, Sir Joseph, 175

Hopkins, William, 64, 81

Horner, Leonard, 46

Horse in gallop (conventional), 264

Hospitals, Birmingham, 26, 43, 135;

Guy’s, 262;

King’s College, 43;

St. George’s, 47, 82;

uses for experiment, 44

Houghton, Lord, 204, 216

Hughes, Mr. Tom, 167

HUMAN FACULTY, 266

HUNTING AND SHOOTING, 110

Hunt Club, Leamington, 110

Hunting, Queen’s Stag Hounds, 115;

New Forest, 119

Hutton, Crompton, 78

Huxley, 172, 222, 258

Huxley Lecture, Anthrop. Inst., 319

_Hyacinthus Candicans_ (_see_ Galtonia)

Hypnotism, 80

Hysteria, 38

Ideas, new, 287

Idols, 277

Illnesses, at Cambridge, 79;

during many years, 116;

in 1866, 155, 215

Index of Correlation, 302;

curative, 33

Insanity, experiments, 276

International Exhibition of 1884, 245

Iron Gates (Danube), 50

Jaffa, 105

Jeffreys, J. Gwyn, 10

Jerusalem, 106

Jeune, Dr. (Bishop of Peterborough), 20

Johnson, Dr. Alice, 98

Johnson, Sir George, 42

Johnson, H. Vaughan, 74

Jonker, 129, 135, 136, 146

Jordan, 106

Kahichené, 141

Kaoko, 142

Kay, Sir Edward, Lord Justice, 69

Kay, Joseph, 68

Kellig (water-skin), 106

Kelvin, Lord, 60

Kemble, J. Mitchell, 286

Kenilworth, school at, 18

Keswick, 59

KEW OBSERVATORY AND METEOROLOGY, 224

Kew Observatory, history of, 225

Khartum, 92, 93

Kilimandjaro, 198

King’s College, 39, 56;

Hospital, 43

Knapsack sleeping-bag, 189

Knowles, General, 164

Korosko, 86

Kuisip R., 129

Kustendji, 49, 51

Laboratory, Anthropometric, Health Exhibition, 245, 270;

S. Kensington, 249;

for Faculty generally, 267

Ladysmith, 126

Lamb, Charles, 39

LANDS OF THE DAMARAS, OVAMPO, AND NAMAQUAS, 138

Lazarette (_see_ Quarantine)

Leamington, 18, 110, 155

Lebanon, 104

Lesseps, 161

Levanting and re-levanting, 104

Le Verrier, 229

Liebig, Prof., 48

Lighthouse, 114

Lingen, Lord, 78

Linz, 49, 247

Lions, 133, 247

Lister, Lord, 37

Livingstone, 122, 205, 206

Lloyd, Charles, 123

Lochiel, Cameron of, 190

Lords, House of, 314

Loup, Saut de, 192

Lovelace, Earl of, 170

Lubbock, Sir J. (Lord Avebury), 177

Luchon, 189

Lyell, Mrs. (Life of Leonard Horner), 46

Lymington, 119

Macalister, Dr. Donald, 212, 304

Macaulay, 74

MacKinder, 212

MacLennan, J. F., 67

MacLennan, Mrs., 192, 195

Macmillan, Vacation Tourists, 186

Mahomed, Dr., 262

Maine, Sir Henry, 66

Maori, endurance of pain, 36

Markham, Sir Clement, 210

Marks for physical efficiency, 214

Matheson, Rev. —, 59, 60

Maury, 229

Medallions, 196

Medals (_see_ List, p. 331);

R.G. Soc., 150

Median estimates in Juries, 281

MEDICAL STUDIES, 22

Mehemet Ali, 86

Memorial of African Travellers, 204

Mendel, 308

Menzies, Sir Niel, 73

Merrifield, Mr., 307

Mesmerism, 80

Meteorographica, 232

Meteorological Committee and Council, 233

Microscopes, 41

Millais, Sir Everard, 309

Millau, 194

Miller, Dr. Allen, 48

Miseri’s Hotel, 52

Models (Art of Travel), 164

Mombas, 198

Monkeys, 91, 109

Montpelier le Vieux, 194

Müller, Prof. Max., 283

Murchison, Sir R., 150, 208

Murie, Dr., 298

Murray, Admiral Hon., 171

Mutations, 313

Muybridge, Mr., 264

Myers, Rev. F., 60

Mytton, 110, 289

Namaquas, 127, 136

Nangoro, 142;

his death, 144

Nassau balloon, 183

Nature and Nurture (twins), 294

Naworth Castle, 300

Newstead Abbey, 170

New York Herald, 206

N’gamî Lake, 122, 127, 147

Niles, White and Blue, 94;

sources of White, 199

Noble, Sir Andrew, 238

North, Frederick, M.P., 180

—— Marianne, 181

Northbrook, Lord, 202

Number-forms, 270

Observations, self-recording, 234

Oliphant, Lawrence, 161, 162, 172

Olympus, Mt., 52

Original sin, 317

Orkneys, 111

Oswell, W. C., 122

Otchimbingue, 129

Ovambondé, 138, 142

Ovampo limit, 130, 142

Oxen, 146

Oyster-catcher (bird), 114

P., Mr., 23

Packe, Charles, 189

Paget, Sir James, 36

Pain, sense of, 35

Pangenesis, 297

Pantagraph, drill, 232, 235

PARENTAGE, 1

Parker, Sir Hyde, 123, 152

Parkyns, Mansfield, 92, 172

Partridge, John, R.A., 40

—— Prof. Richard, 39

Passage roses, 239

Pasteur, 37

Pearson, Prof. Karl, 283, 294;

correlations, 304;

ancestral law, 309, 320

Peas, sweet, experiments, 300

Pedigree stock, photographs of, 217

Pelly, Sir Lewis, 10, 193

Per-Centiles, 267

Petherick, Mr., 94, 298

Petrels, 114

Petrie, Prof., 97

Phenician inscription (alleged), 208

Photographs, analytical, 263;

composite, 261

Photographic lenses, 228

Pilgrimages, 90

Pills, 29

Pitch, scalded legs, 36

Pitt, his voice, 39

Pollock, Sir Frederick, 167

Portuguese, 128, 143

Prizes, first and second, 282

Problem (earth’s diameter), 62

Proteus, the, 56

Provisions, walking tour, 159

_Puck_ (comic newspaper), 68

Pump near Jaffa, 105

_Punch_, 68, 277

Pyrenees, 189

Quantification of the Predicate, 174

Quarantine, at Syra, 53;

Ancona, 54;

Trieste (with Spoglio), 55;

Beyrout, 102;

Marseilles, 108

Quassia, 27

Quetelet, Prof., 304

Quincey, De, 62

Rabbi, Chief, of Dantzig, 272

Rabbits, experiments on, 297

RACE IMPROVEMENT, 310

Rae, Dr., 161

Raffles, Sir Stamford, 173

Ramsgate, 302

Rath, Rev. —, 134

Rawson, Sir Rawson, 214

Reaction time, 248

Reader, the, 168

Red Lion Club, 216

Regression, 301, 318

Resemblances, measurement of, 250

Reynolds, Miss, 308

Roberts, Mr., 214

Robertson, Prof. Croom, 267

Robertson, Rev. —, 173

Romanes, J., 278

Ronalds, Sir F., 229

Ronaldshay, N., 114

Rougemont, Mr., 207

Royal Society, 219, 221

Royat, 154

Rugby boys, 69

Sabine, General Sir Edward, 224

St. Helena, 148

St. Simonians, 87

Sand Fontein, 132

Sandow, adjudging prizes, 279

Sanity, tableland of, 38

Saut de Loup, 192

Scawfell, 61

Schepmansdorf, 132

Schimmelpenninck, Mrs., 9

Scott, Robert, 240

Seals, 112

Semney, temple at, 96

Sextant, 125, 226

Shaw, W. N., 234

Shells, smoke of, 236

Shendy (massacre), 91, 95

Sheppard, W. F., 283

Shetlands, 112, 118

SHORT TOUR TO THE EAST, 48

Sierra Nevada, 52

Simon, Sir John, 41, 294

Sin, original, 316

Sinai, peninsula of, 184

Singapore, 174

Slave hunting, 90

Sleeping-bag, 189

Smee, Dr., 40, 41, 42

Smell, sense of, used in arithmetic, 283

Smith, Gen. Sir Harry, 126

Smith, Prof. Henry, 240

Snowdon, 61

SOCIAL LIFE (_medallions_), 169

Sociological papers (eugenics), 321

SOUTH-WEST AFRICA, 121

Spectacles under water, 186

Speke, Captain, 199;

death, 202;

memorial, 203

Spencer, Herbert, 167, 178, 257, 292

Spoglio (in quarantine), 55

Sports or mutations, 313

Spottiswoode, Wm., 72, 183, 210, 232, 250, 304

Spurgeon, Rev. —, 285

Stanley, Dean, 69

—— 15th Earl Derby, 76

—— Sir Henry M., 205, 207

Statistical instinct, 4

—— units, 298

Statistician and statesman, 312

Statistics, medical, 44

Stereoscopic maps, 264

Stewardson, 132

Stewart and Balfour, 229

Strachey, General Sir Richard, 212, 241

Stratheden, Lord (_see_ Campbell)

Strickland, 63

Suffocation, 185

Swakop R., 129

Swartboy, 135, 145

Swedes, 124

Sylvester, Prof., 71

Symonds, J. Addington, 181

Symplegades, 51

Syra, Island, 53

SYRIA, 101

Tanganyika, 199

Target for riflemen, 166

Tarn R., 194

Taylor, Tom, 68

Telotype, 120

Thermometer, 227

Tiberias, Lake of, 106

Time, sense of, 277

Toad, pet, 114

Tounobis, 41, 131, 185

Tracings of self-recording instruments, 234, 236

Transfusion of blood, 297

Trepanning, 31

Trinity College, 58, 81

Twins, 294

Tyndall, Prof., 172, 191, 254

Union Society, 75

University of London and Eugenics, 320

Vacation Tourists, 186

Victoria Nyanza, 199

Vienna, 25, 50

Vignolles, Mr., 187

Visions of sane persons, 273

Vivisecting, natural, 32

_Vox populi_, 280

Vries, de, 253

Wagons, 139, 142

Walfish Bay, 127, 132

Walrond, F., 69

Water, digging for, 138

Water snakes (Danube), 51

Watson, Rev. H. W., 305

Weather charts, 231

Webb, Mr., 170, 206

Weldon, Prof., 320

Whales (Shetland), 112

Wharton, Admiral Sir Wm., 165

Wheatstone, Sir C., 40

Whewell, Dr., 60, 69

Whipple, Mr., 229

Whistles for high notes, 247

White Nile, 94

Wilberforce, Bishop, 171

Wind roses, 238

Wordsworth, Christopher, and his three sons, 58

Young (1st Trinity), 76

Zanzibar, 171, 198, 200

Zealander, New, 36

_Printed by

MORRISON & GIBB LIMITED,

Edinburgh_

A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS PUBLISHED BY METHUEN AND COMPANY: LONDON 36 ESSEX

STREET W.C.

CONTENTS

PAGE

General Literature, 2-22

Ancient Cities, 22

Antiquary’s Books, 22

Arden Shakespeare, 23

Beginner’s Books, 23

Business Books, 23

Byzantine Texts, 24

Churchman’s Bible, 24

Churchman’s Library, 24

Classical Translations, 24

Classics of Art, 24

Commercial Series, 25

Connoisseur’s Library, 25

Illustrated Pocket Library of

Plain and Coloured Books, 25

Junior Examination Series, 26

Junior School-Books, 27

Leaders of Religion, 27

Library of Devotion, 27

Little Books on Art, 28

Little Galleries, 28

Little Guides, 28

Little Library, 29

Little Quarto Shakespeare, 30

Miniature Library, 30

Oxford Biographies, 30

School Examination Series, 31

School Histories, 31

Simplified French Texts, 31

Standard Library, 31

Textbooks of Science, 32

Textbooks of Technology, 32

Handbooks of Theology, 32

Westminster Commentaries, 32

Fiction, 33-39

Books for Boys and Girls, 39

Novels of Alexandre Dumas, 39

Methuen’s Sixpenny Books, 39

SEPTEMBER 1908

A CATALOGUE OF MESSRS. METHUEN’S PUBLICATIONS

In this Catalogue the order is according to authors. An asterisk denotes

that the book is in the press.

Colonial Editions are published of all Messrs. METHUEN’S Novels issued

at a price above 2_s._ 6_d._, and similar editions are published of some

works of General Literature. These are marked in the Catalogue. Colonial

editions are only for circulation in the British Colonies and India.

All books marked net are not subject to discount, and cannot be bought at

less than the published price. Books not marked net are subject to the

discount which the bookseller allows.

Messrs. METHUEN’S books are kept in stock by all good booksellers. If

there is any difficulty in seeing copies, Messrs. Methuen will be very

glad to have early information, and specimen copies of any books will be

sent on receipt of the published price _plus_ postage for net books, and

of the published price for ordinary books.

I.P.L. represents Illustrated Pocket Library.

PART I.—GENERAL LITERATURE

=Abbott (J. H. M.).= AN OUTLANDER IN ENGLAND: _Second Edition. Cr. 8vo.

6s._

A Colonial Edition is also published.

=Abraham (George D.).= THE COMPLETE MOUNTAINEER. With 75 Illustrations.

_Second Edition. Demy 8vo. 15s. net._

A Colonial Edition is also published.

=Acatos (M. J.).= See Junior School Books.

=Adams (Frank).= JACK SPRAT. With 24 Coloured Pictures. _Super Royal

16mo. 2s._

=Adeney (W. F.)=, M.A. See Bennett (W. H.).

=Ady (Cecilia M.).= A HISTORY OF MILAN UNDER THE SFORZA. With 20

Illustrations and a Map. _Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net._

=Æschylus.= See Classical Translations.

=Æsop.= See I.P.L.

=Ainsworth (W. Harrison).= See I.P.L.

=Aldis (Janet).= THE QUEEN OF LETTER WRITERS, MARQUISE DE SÉVIGNÉ, DAME

DE BOURBILLY, 1626-96. With 18 Illustrations. _Second Edition. Demy 8vo.

12s. 6d. net._

A Colonial Edition is also published.

=Alexander (William)=, D.D., Archbishop of Armagh. THOUGHTS AND COUNSELS

OF MANY YEARS. _Demy 16mo. 2s. 6d._

=Alken (Henry).= See I.P.L.

=Allen (Charles C.).= See Textbooks of Technology.

=Allen (L. Jessie).= See Little Books on Art.

=Allen (J. Romilly)=, F.S.A. See Antiquary’s Books.

=Almack (E.)=, F.S.A. See Little Books on Art.

=Amherst (Lady).= A SKETCH OF EGYPTIAN HISTORY FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES

TO THE PRESENT DAY. With many Illustrations and Maps. _A New and Cheaper

Issue. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net._

=Anderson (F. M.).= THE STORY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE FOR CHILDREN. With 42

Illustrations. _Cr. 8vo. 2s._

=Anderson (J. G.)=, B.A., NOUVELLE GRAMMAIRE FRANÇAISE, A L’USAGE DES

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EXERCICES DE GRAMMAIRE FRANÇAISE. _Cr. 8vo. 1s. 6d._

=Andrewes (Bishop).= PRECES PRIVATÆ. Translated and edited, with Notes,

by F. E. BRIGHTMAN, M.A., of Pusey House, Oxford. _Cr. 8vo. 6s._