What days of quiet followed the digging of new trenches on the Chunak

Bair slopes, after the crest had been won and lost!

To complete this battle scene, there remains but to be told the

position gained by the 4th Australian Brigade. Its line was spread

along the crest of the range of hills practically where I first

described them. Along the Asma Dere by hard digging they had secured

a position, and from it I had an excellent view of Buyik Anafarta in

flames. The warship shells had set it alight. From the extreme right

on the plains round Suvla Bay grass fires were burning harmlessly.

I watched, too, ambulances drawn by six-horse teams bringing in the

British wounded across the dried Salt Lake. The headquarters of the

Australian Brigade was on the side of a long, broad gully, which

recently had been under cultivation. On my way there I had to pass up

the bed of a creek filled with dead mules, which the Turkish shrapnel

had slaughtered. I passed New Zealand engineers successfully sinking

wells, and line after line of water-carriers. Ahead was a string of ten

mules bringing ammunition and supplies. On my left, at the edge of a

few acres of cropped land, was a German officers' camp. A well-built

hut of branches and mud was concealed from the view of aircraft under

the shady branches of a grove of olive-trees. There were several

huts like this, with a slit for a window that faced out to the sea.

Immediately behind was a hill, on the slope of which were tents and a

number of well-made dugouts and tracks, the remains of a considerable

Turkish encampment.

I followed the telephone line, hung from bush to bush, and then came

to some tall scrub, in which the brigade was camped, like a party of

railway surveyors in the bush, protected from the sun by bush huts and

from bullets by timber taken from the enemy's shelters. As I talked to

General Monash bullets pattered against the earth walls, and he opened

his case and showed me the collection he was making of the "visitors"

that dropped round him as he wrote and directed the working of his

command. He was justly proud of the way his men had fought; of the

running fight they had won; of their march of miles through unknown

country, and the way they had established themselves in the heart of

the enemy's stronghold.

In the trenches the men showed no sign of fatigue now, having rested

for a few days. A much reduced brigade it was, but the men were

watching the Turks digging on the hills and waiting their opportunity.

Every few minutes would come the clatter of the machine gun from

somewhere along the front. The firing-line was only a few hundred yards

away, so the Staff was in the midst of the attacks. The firing of our

artillery from the hills behind and the presence of our aeroplanes

overhead made the men keen and zealous. They were then still ripe for

any advance.

In the face of such achievements, was it to be wondered that General

Hamilton, Lieut.-General Birdwood, Major-General Godley, all wrote of

the men who fought these battles in terms of the highest admiration?

"Whatever happens," were General Hamilton's words to General Birdwood,

"you and your brave army corps have covered yourselves with glory.

Make good the crest, and the achievement will rank with Quebec." Yes,

it ranked alongside any of the fighting in history. It had been in

turn trench fighting, bayonet charges, and fighting in the open, and

everywhere the overseas troops had won. But at what cost! At Lone Pine

the casualties were 2,300 killed and wounded men. From the captured

trenches there were dragged 1,000 killed, Australians and Turks. They

were buried in the cemetery on the side of the hill in Brown's Dip. The

Army Corps in four days had lost 12,000 men killed and wounded. The

British casualties on the Anzac section were 6,000 out of 10,000 troops

engaged. In all 18,000 casualties for a gain of 2 miles and a position

on, but not the crest of, the ridge. I have omitted the casualties of

the fighting at Suvla Bay.

And the Turks! Their losses? It must be one of the satisfactions of the

splendid failure that they lost nearly three to our one. Over 1,000 of

the enemy perished at Lone Pine. On the 10th I saw them lying in heaps

of hundreds on the bloody slopes of Chunak Bair. We had captured in

all about 700 prisoners, and much material and equipment. Thousands of

Turkish rifles were removed from Lone Pine, and hundreds of thousands

rounds of ammunition. We took seven of their machine guns and belts of

ammunition, and turned them against their own army. One hundred and

thirty prisoners were taken in that section. General Monash captured

over a hundred prisoners, including officers, great quantities of

big gun ammunition (including fifty cases of "75" ammunition, near

where the Turks had their French gun), thousands of rounds of rifle

ammunition, quantities of stores. The New Zealanders took in the first

attack on Old No. 3 Post 125 prisoners and some machine guns, and also

a nordenfeldt. As the fighting extended to the left, further plants of

ammunition were discovered in the valley.

Anzac was enlarged from barely 300 acres to about 8 square miles. A

base for twenty operations was gained at Suvla Bay, and though the

passage along the beach to Anzac was still a hazardous one, to the joy

of many Australian dispatch riders, it provided a race through a hail

of bullets along that zone. If devotion and heroism could make success,

then the Army Corps had indeed covered itself with glory. But it had

very substantial deeds to its credit as well. It had fought, adding

fresh laurels to those won in its first fight at the landing. Weakened,

worn, but by no means disheartened, it was strengthened after 20th

August by the arrival of the 2nd Australian Division from Egypt, under

Major-General Legge, which enabled respite from trench warfare to be

enjoyed by the veteran brigades. Except for the fighting on the extreme

left of our Army Corps line, where the Australians linked with the

Suvla Bay forces across the Chocolate Hills, the weeks after the great

battles at Anzac were calm. It was only a calm that precedes a storm.

CHAPTER XXVI

HILL 60, GALLIPOLI

In the days immediately following the halting of the 4th Infantry

Brigade in the Asma Dere, it would have been possible to have walked on

to the top of the steep knoll marked "Hill 60" on the maps. From the

ridge that the Australians then occupied there was only a small ridge

in between, and a cornfield joining a valley not many yards across.

Then came the hill--not, perhaps, as famous as Hill 60 in France, nor

even as bloodstained, but one that cost over 1,000 men to take--that

commanded the broad plain spread inland to the town of Bujik Anafarta.

A mile and a half to the north across the plain were the "W." hills,

the end spur of which, nearest the sea, Chocolate Hills, the British

by this time held. Hill 60 was necessary to our plans in order to link

up securely the position and give us command of the plain, on which

were a number of fine wells. On the 21st August, when the first attack

was made, the hill and the ridge which joined it, were strongly held

by the enemy. A day attack had been determined on, following a fierce

bombardment. Owing to a sudden change of plans to a general attack,

the bombardment failed; it was not as intense as was intended, and in

consequence the preparation for the attacking lines was inadequate.

At two o'clock the guns commenced, not only to shell Hill 60, but all

along the Turkish front on the plain. For an hour scores of guns shook

the earth with the concussion of the shells. Then the British advance

began--yeomanry and the imperishable 29th Division.

[Illustration: _REFERENCE_

_Communication Trench dug by 4th Brigade on night of 21 August_

_HILL 60 GALLIPOLI_

_FINALLY CAPTURED ON 28th August 1915_]

Now, in this larger plan, Hill 60 was only an incident, but an

important one for the Australians. General Birdwood had placed

Major-General Cox in command of a force consisting of two battalions

of New Zealand Mounted Rifles, two battalions of the 29th Irish

Brigade, the 4th South Wales Borderers, the 29th Indian Infantry

Brigade, and the 4th Australian Infantry Brigade. The Indians seized

the well, Kabak Kuyu, after some stiff fighting on the plain. This left

the way for the Maoris and Connaught Rangers and the battalions of the

New Zealand Mounted Rifles to storm the hill from the west and the

south-west, while the 4th Australian Brigade (reduced now to scarcely

1,500 men) was to advance from the southern section of the ridge,

which it held. Between the trenches from which the New Zealanders and

Connaught Rangers had to advance was a small spur, an offshoot of the

main ridge. Over this the force had to charge before they dipped down

again into a gully that led round the foot of the redoubt. As the men

swept over this hill (or round the flank of it) they came under the

fire of the Turkish machine guns. Very few men reached the foot of the

redoubt, where they found protection, by reason of the very steepness

of the ground, from the stream of lead from the enemy trenches circling

this Hill 60. Some of the New Zealanders worked round the end of the

spur, charged across the 100 yards of open ground to the foot of the

knoll also, and so into the communication trenches of the Turks. Trench

fighting of desperate character continued till nightfall. The second

lines that were sent to support the attacking force, faced the rapid

volleys from the Turkish guns on the ridge, firing down into the valley.

The 13th Battalion, under Major Herring, and the 14th, under Major

Dare, not 500 men in all, had been reduced to not more than 300 men by

the time they had advanced a short distance up the slope and taken the

first line of Turkish trenches. To them there was only one consolation:

they could not be fired on where they were, tucked under the side of

the Turks' own hill. But they could not get word back or find a means

of communication, other than over the fearful bullet-swept slope that

lay behind them. Messengers indeed were sent. One managed to dodge

up the many folds in the hillside, chased by the machine guns. As he

reached the skyline and our trench, he cried "I have a mess--" but he

got no further: a Turkish bullet struck him, and he fell, dead, into

the trench amongst his comrades. Snipers rendered the situation worse.

A bush fire broke out amongst the holly-bushes on the hillside, covered

with the dead and wounded. No reinforcements came through till ten

o'clock next morning, when a communication trench had been dug down

from the ridge, which the 4th Brigade held, prolonging the line to the

north.

That night was one of horror for the Australians and New Zealanders

clinging to the base of the knoll. The dying men on the exposed slope

of the hill were heard calling to their comrades. Many were the

brave deeds performed in bringing men to safety. Captain Loughran,

the medical officer of the 14th Battalion, brought in with his

stretcher-bearers eight men. Yet the following morning, wounded still

lay amongst the bushes, and as the fire swept up the hill, they crept

out, only to be killed by Turkish bullets. One man was seen working his

way on his back up a depression, the bullets flicking the earth round

him, and--delirious probably--as they missed, so he slowly waved his

hand back and forth. Finally the Turks turned a machine gun on him, and

he lay still. The padre of the 14th Battalion, Chaplain A. Gillison,

sacrificed his life in bringing the wounded from off that horrible

hill. He was waiting to read the burial service over some men that had

been brought in to be buried. Suddenly came a cry from over the hill,

and with two stretcher-bearers--noble heroes always--he went out,

creeping towards the British soldier, who was being worried by ants.

Just as he had started to drag the wounded man back to safety he was

shot through the spine. He died at the beach clearing station. Chaplain

Grant, with the New Zealand forces, also went in search of a wounded

man along a trench on the hillside. In the maze of trenches at the foot

of the redoubt he took the wrong turning. As the brave chaplain turned

an angle (voices had been heard ahead) a Turkish bullet struck him and

he fell forward.

Thus, on the 22nd, the main Australian position was still 150 yards

away down the back of the ridge to the north, while the New Zealanders

held a small section of the trenches on the western side of the knoll.

The Indians had been linked up with the British Suvla Bay army by

the 18th Battalion, under Lieut.-Colonel A. E. Chapman, the first

of the new Australian battalions of the 2nd Division to go into the

fight. That battalion was set the task, on the morning of the 22nd, of

charging a section of the trenches on the upper slopes of the knoll,

so as to relieve the desperate position of the New Zealanders clinging

to the trenches on the side of the hill. But when they had swept clear

a Turkish communication trench, they found themselves enfiladed by

the enemy's rifles. A strong bomb attack at 10 a.m. shattered their

ranks and drove them to the New Zealand line, where they stuck. So the

position was only slightly improved to what it had been the previous

evening, for there was now a linked line round the base of Kaijak

Aghala, Hill 60. The Australasians had won about 150 yards of trench,

while the 4th Brigade, still occupying the upper slopes, had already

inflicted severe losses on the enemy, who were feverishly entrenching

the top of the hill, turning it into a strong redoubt, and opening up

new communication trenches. In all the operations at and round this

hill the Australians had been able to terribly harass the Turks, and

machine guns had caught the enemy in the open when they were attempting

to dig out into the plain. The gunners let the Turks go forward with

their picks and shovels and entrenching tools, and then commenced to

"stir them up," and, as they returned, played a machine gun on them.

But the enemy made good progress in strengthening the redoubt on

this knoll in the four days that elapsed before the hill was finally

carried. There was no question that the first bombardment had failed

to smash the trenches. General Cox, in spite of the first failure to

attain the intended objective, still favoured a day attack, following

on an intense bombardment. And in the closing days of August he had his

way, and then began the second battle for possession of the important

Hill 60. Major-General Cox was given by General Birdwood detachments

of the 4th and 5th Australian Brigades, the New Zealand Mounted Rifle

Brigade, and the 5th Connaught Rangers. The advance was to take place

at 5 p.m. on the 27th. While the 4th Brigade was reduced to about 1,200

men, the 5th Brigade, just landed, was still some 3,500 strong, but

only 1,000 men could be spared for the attack. The remainder of the

command must have numbered over 2,000 men; in all, perhaps, 3,000 men.

Never, it has been declared, was there such a bombardment witnessed at

Anzac as that concentrated on the Turkish position from four o'clock on

the afternoon of the 27th till an hour later, when the attack began.

It could be seen that the trenches were smashed and levelled, and many

of the Turks slunk away, but were caught by our snipers and machine

gunners from the right of the position, where the crest of the ridges

commanded the communication to the hill. The main attack developed

on the trench that led up the ridge to the crest on the south-east.

The Auckland and Canterbury Mounted Rifles formed the first line of

attack, Otago and Wellington the second, and the 16th Battalion, under

Lieut.-Colonel Chapman, the third. The right was still left to the 4th

Brigade. On the left, adjoining the plain, were the Connaught Rangers.

The attack was the most gallant affair. It was all over in very few

minutes. The Turks were stunned and paralysed by the terribleness of

the bombardment, and the New Zealanders, though they met with severe

fire, rapidly reached the trenches with a cheer and bayoneted the enemy

that remained. They found sufficient evidence here of the effect of the

high-explosive shells, for the trenches were choked with dead.

On the extreme left the Connaughts had, with remarkable dash, gained

a footing in the trenches from which the 18th Battalion had been

driven with such heavy loss on the 22nd. But in the bomb battle that

ensued till midnight they were pushed back, and the Turks retained

their wedge. The 9th Light Horse at eleven o'clock, led by Colonel

Reynell, charged gallantly on to the top of the hill into the heart

of the Turkish position, in an endeavour to reach their communication

trench, but failed to gain their objective. The Colonel was killed, and

his men were bombed back until they were forced on to the New Zealand

lines. Nevertheless, the hill was for the most part in our hands; there

remained but the Turkish wedge driven in, with Australian and British

troops on either side of the hill.

The 4th Brigade meanwhile had launched 300 men, with some of the 17th

Battalion, against the trench running back along the spur, as these

other violent attacks succeeded. Captain Connolly led the first of that

line. He, with all other officers in the charge, was wounded, and his

men were once more forced back to a line of trenches which continued

the New Zealand flank round the north-east of the hill, just on the

crest. All next day the Turks made desperate efforts to dislodge the

New Zealand line, but without effect. At 1 o'clock on the morning of

the 29th, the 10th Light Horse--part of the regiment that had stormed

the Nek at dawn on the 7th August--took the remaining sector of the

trenches in one gallant dash and cut the Turkish wedge. They entered

the redoubt in the crown of the hill. It was filled with the Turkish

dead, who had bravely sold their lives in its last defence.

In this way was the famous Gallipoli Hill 60 captured by Britons

and Australasians. It was the last of the great offensives planned

at Anzac. Over 1,000 men were killed or wounded in the engagement.

But the Turks lost five times that number. Our gain was an important

strategic point, whereby we could command the plain and the enemy lines

of communications. Three machine guns and some prisoners were taken,

together with 300 rifles and ammunition and bombs. The line with the

Suvla Bay army was straightened, and more ground added to the land

that the gallant Anzac troops had won early in the month. But by now

the old army was weakening with disease. Dysentery had reduced the

numbers in the last weeks even more than the fighting. So the whole

of the 1st Australian Division was withdrawn, and the 2nd Division

filled their places. It was not a swift movement, but one carried out

gradually, battalion by battalion (200 or 300 men only in each) leaving

the firing-line to their new and zealous comrades. At length the New

Zealand and Australian Division was relieved, and the whole of these

brave men--but how small a proportion of the original Army Corps!--who

had never left the fighting zone since the day they landed, found

themselves at Mudros, free from the nervous strain of watching for

bombs, bullets, and shells. They were tended and properly fed. They

were praised for their glorious deeds and feats of arms.

[Illustration: A GERMAN OFFICER'S DUGOUT FOUND BELOW THE RIDGE HELD BY

THE 4TH INFANTRY BRIGADE ON 7TH AUGUST.

The advance had just come to a standstill when the photograph was

taken, and the troops were still digging on the crest of the hill.

Headquarters Staff assembled at the foot of the olive-tree. Much

shell and valuable papers were discovered here.]

CHAPTER XXVII

THE EVACUATION OF THE PENINSULA

While the days dragged slowly by on the Anzac front, and the armies had

been brought to a standstill at Suvla Bay, events at the seat of the

Allies' War Council were moving rapidly. After the last fight and the

failure of the great adventure, General Hamilton estimated his force at

95,000 men. He was 45,000 men below his normal strength for the units

he held. Sickness was wasting his army at an alarming rate. He cabled

to the War Office for more reinforcements, pointing out that the enemy

against him was 110,000. They were all fine fighters, brought up from

the best regiments that had been employed against the Russians. General

Hamilton writes:--

I urged that if the campaign was to be brought to a quick victorious

decision larger reinforcements must at once be sent out. Autumn,

I pointed out, was already upon us, and there was not a moment to

be lost. At that time (16th August), my British Divisions alone

were 45,000 under establishment, and some of my fine battalions

had dwindled down so far that I had to withdraw them from the

fighting-line. Our most vital need was the replenishment of these

sadly depleted ranks. When that was done I wanted 50,000 fresh

rifles. From what I knew of the Turkish situation, both in its local

and general aspect, it seemed, humanly speaking, a certainty that

if this help could be sent me at once, we could clear a passage

for our fleet to Constantinople. It may be judged, then, how deep

was my disappointment when I learnt that the essential drafts,

reinforcements, and munitions could not be sent me, the reason given

being one which prevented me from any further insistence.

What could the Commander-in-Chief do under such circumstances? He

might have resigned; that was not his temperament. He would fight to a

finish. What troops remained in Egypt were reorganized, and the attack,

as soon as possible, began again on the Suvla Bay front.

All was in vain. By September the whole Gallipoli front had settled

down to trench warfare, and a winter campaign seemed inevitable.

Meanwhile events on the Balkan frontier were hastening the Turkish

plans. Additional troops were available for service on the peninsula

with the Bulgarian frontier free, and that nation joined to the Central

Powers. The failure of the Allies to save Serbia was of enormous

significance to Turkey. It meant the prolongation of her sickness,

for it left the way free from Germany to Constantinople. Big-gun

ammunition, which the Turks had undoubtedly always conserved, began

to flow in freely from Austrian and German works, across the Danube

through Bulgaria. Then the Turks, finding, too, that the attacks on

Achi Baba were never likely to be renewed in any great force, and that

the Allied forces left there were comparatively weak, removed numbers

of their heavy artillery batteries to the Anzac position and began

again with renewed fury to enfilade the beach. The Olive Grove guns

and the batteries from Mai Tepe thundered their shells on the Anzac

slopes; at Suvla Bay the plain was swept with Turkish shrapnel. Though

the weather remained fine and the Allies continued to land stores and

munitions with ease, the Navy let it be understood that after the 28th

October they would guarantee no further regular communications. All

September was wasted by the British Cabinet deliberating on the wisdom

of continuing the Gallipoli campaign, a far longer time than it had

taken to embark on the enterprise at the very beginning of the year.

During that month sickness further wasted the army. By the 11th October

the Cabinet came to a decision. They asked General Hamilton the cost

of lives that would be involved in withdrawing from Gallipoli. Fine

soldier that he is, the Commander-in-Chief refused to entertain the

idea; whereupon he was recalled to London for the official reason "that

a fresh and unbiased opinion from a responsible commander might be

given upon an early evacuation."

General Hamilton's departure was a matter of the keenest regret to the

Australian troops. They had often met him in the saps at Anzac, and his

tall, commanding figure was well known by all on the beach. It had

been the custom for various battalions and regiments to supply guards

for his headquarters, situated at Imbros on the south of Kephalos Bay,

and on many occasions he had inspected and complimented them on their

bearing. His farewell order to the troops, and, later, the concluding

words of his last report, show the affection he held for his men whom

he has described as "magnificent." He left the Dardanelles on the 17th

October on a warship bound for Marseilles.

General Sir Charles Monro, one of the ablest of the new British

leaders, and a man who had come to the front since the beginning of

the war, was chosen to succeed General Hamilton. It must be presumed

that even his unbiased report evidently left the matter in doubt.

The casualties of evacuation were put down at probably 20 per cent.

of the force, or even higher--20,000 men. Thereupon Lord Kitchener

himself determined to visit the Levant and thoroughly investigate the

situation. There were more reasons than the approach of winter and the

drain on the reserves of the army, the munitions, and maintenance of

lines of communication, that necessitated some very vital alteration in

the action and attitude of the Allies in the Levant and Mesopotamia.

Greece was wavering. There was distinctly a pro-German feeling amongst

the Greek population and a widespread German propaganda on lines that

ended so successfully with Bulgaria a few months before. The Serbian

Army was shattered before the landing of the Allies at Salonika could

prevent the free passage to Turkey of everything that the sorely

harassed and depleted Ottoman Army needed.

In Egypt, British prestige was at a low ebb. There were already

signs of revolt on the western frontier, where the Senussi had been

organized by Enver Pasha's brother. A further attack on the Canal

was threatening, while the campaign in Mesopotamia looked far from

reassuring. Egypt was a vast arsenal and rapidly becoming an armed

camp. The strain on the transport service and lines of communication

was rapidly growing acute--in fact, the position that faced the Allies

was that by some means or other their energies would have to be

narrowed. Anzac, Helles, Salonika, Egypt, and Mesopotamia all needed

regular supplies throughout the severe winter months, and these had to

be transported by sea. Yet the submarine peril had grown more menacing,

three or four ships being sunk daily, despite the greatest vigilance of

the fleet. Even the Greeks were engaged in helping these under-water

craft in their endeavours to starve out the armies of the Allies.

It seemed obvious one or several of the fronts had to be abandoned,

or else the Gallipoli offensive completed rapidly. For Egypt had to

be kept safe at all costs: so had the army in Mesopotamia, guarding

the Persian oilfields. To release a grip on the Eastern theatre of

Europe at Salonika would mean perhaps that the Greeks would go over

to the Central Powers. There was no alternative, once the necessary

forces were denied to General Hamilton to end the task which I have

endeavoured to show was so near successful completion, but that the

work of evacuating Gallipoli should be attempted. It was a hazardous

undertaking.

Lord Kitchener's visit to the Anzac battlefields was regarded as a

great compliment by the troops. So bad had become the Turkish shelling

of the Anzac Cove that it was not without the greatest anxiety that

the leaders watched the landing of the Minister for War. Accompanying

him were General Maxwell from Egypt and General Birdwood. Though the

time of arrival had been kept as secret as possible, the news spread

like lightning over Anzac. Lord Kitchener went straight to Russell's

Top, a climb of twenty minutes up a roughly hewn artillery road, from

which he could overlook the whole of the Anzac position, across the

mass of huddled foothills at Suvla Bay. He chatted to the many men

and officers. "The King has asked me," he said to various parties he

met, "to tell you how splendidly he thinks you have done. You have

indeed done excellently well; better even than I thought you would."

He was astonished at the positions won. Lord Kitchener went right

through the trenches on the Nek; he saw every important position and

over thirty leaders. As he returned to the beach the troops cheered

lustily. The hillside had suddenly, on this wild afternoon of November,

grown animated. On the beach--it was only three hours later--he turned

to Colonel Howse, as he had turned to others, and asked if he wanted

anything done. Colonel Howse promptly brought a number of matters

regarding the medical arrangements forward. "I think I can promise you

your first and your second request," the great War Lord assured him,

"and we will see about the third." It is curious to note that not a

shell was fired at the departing launch or the destroyer as it steamed

swiftly away.

Lord Kitchener left no one long in doubt of his impressions of the

Australasians and the position they had made. A man not prone to

superlatives, he spoke then, and since, in the highest terms of the

valour of the deeds that won those Anzac heights. In a special Army

Corps order General Birdwood wrote:--

Zealand Army Corps a message which he was specially entrusted by the

King to bring to our army corps. His Majesty commanded Lord Kitchener

to express his high appreciation of the gallant and unflinching

conduct of our men throughout the fighting, which has been as hard

as any yet seen during the war, and wishes to express his complete

confidence in the determination and fighting qualities of our men to

assist in carrying this war to an entirely successful termination.

The order proceeds:--

Lord Kitchener has ordered me to express to all the very great

pleasure it gave him to have the opportunity, which he considered

a privilege, of visiting "Anzac," to see for himself some of the

wonderfully good work which has been done by the officers and men of

our army corps, as it was not until he had himself seen the positions

we captured and held that he was able to fully realize the magnitude

of the work which has been accomplished. Lord Kitchener much regretted

that time did not permit of his seeing the whole corps, but he was

very pleased to see a considerable proportion of officers and men, and

to find all in such good heart and so confidently imbued with that

grand spirit which has carried them through all their trials and many

dangerous feats of arms--a spirit which he is quite confident they

will maintain until they have taken their full share in completely

overthrowing their enemies.

"Boys," General Birdwood adds in his characteristic way, "we may all

well be proud to receive such a message, and it is up to all of us to

live up to it and prove its truth."

The story of the last three months at Anzac may be swiftly told. It

was a struggle during September and October to prepare for the coming

winter months. Quantities of wooden beams, and sheet-iron, and winter

equipment began to pour into Anzac. Preparations were made for the

removal of the hospitals and clearing stations from the beach and

from the beds of the creeks, to higher ground. For the weather could

no longer be depended on, and the narrowness of the beach rendered it

imperative that all the stores should be moved, as the waves would

lash against the foot of the cliffs in the sudden storms that arise

in the Ægean--storms that are the mariner's constant anxiety. Then at

the end of October the activity suddenly was modified. The question

of evacuation had brought a new commander and Lord Kitchener to this

front. A winter campaign was in abeyance.

Engineers used to tell me that they did not see where the wood was

coming from to shore up the trenches against the rains, and that they

would all be washed down into the gullies at the first storm. The

Australians had only a few days' experience of wet weather, and not

very heavy showers at that, in April, when they had landed; but Turkish

farmers captured told what might be expected. Ever ingenious, the

troops commenced collecting tins, and anything that would keep their

"possies" and dugouts dry. In some places great caverns were dug into

the side of hills by the battalions of the 2nd Division, where they

might be protected from the storms and from the severest shelling.

General Monash had planned for the 4th Brigade a huge barracks on the

side of Cheshire Ridge--a wonderful piece of engineering. The weather,

though still fine, had become decidedly colder. At night the wind was

biting, and rain early in November, gave a taste of what the conditions

were to be like at Christmas-time. Saps were running with water; the

soft, clayey mud clung in clods to the men's boots. The 1st Division

and the Australian and New Zealand Divisions came back gradually from

the rest camp at Mudros--the men fit again now, but the battalions

still below strength in point of numbers.

Hostilities had been confined almost entirely to mining operations

along the whole of the front. Mines and countermines were exploded. In

some places--particularly at Quinn's Post--the tunnels had met, and an

underground battle had ensued. Once we had reconnoitred a whole Turkish

gallery, and found the sentries nodding at their posts with the guard

in a tunnel, arguing and chattering away in a rapid, unintelligible

tongue. These operations were not always accomplished without loss

and severe casualties. Fumes overcame a large party near Lone Pine,

and many lives were lost, some in the efforts to rescue those who had

been suffocated in the mine tunnel. In one instance the Turks exploded

a mine that trapped some sappers in a tunnel. After three days the men

dug themselves out, and appeared before their astonished and delighted

friends over the parapets of our trenches.

From one end of the position to the other, right in the heart of

the Turkish hills below the famous Sari Bair ridge, infantry and

engineers dug down under the Turkish trenches. I remember talking to

Lieut.-Colonel Martyn, of the Divisional Engineers, about his plans.

He was considering the possibility of going down 40 feet, tunnelling

right through the hill at German Officers' Trench, and in one great

effort breaking through in the rear of the Turkish position. If they

went deep enough there seemed little likelihood of the Turks hearing

the picking and tapping. Whatever may have been the eventual plan, the

end of November and the first week of December saw most of the energies

of the men engaged in making storm shelters for themselves. That period

was one fraught with misfortune for the troops.

Whether the Turkish reconnaissance on the 27th November was intended

as a mere bluff, or whether the Turks were anxious to discover if an

offensive was in preparation by us, they attacked in thin lines all

along the Anzac position. They were driven back with severe loss, and

hardly a man reached our parapets.

On the 29th November the Turks commenced a terrible bombardment with

heavy howitzers--8, 9, and 10-in. pieces--of the Lone Pine trenches,

which were pounded and flattened. A series of mines were exploded under

them, and we had to evacuate portions of this dearly held post. But the

Turks dared make no fresh attack. Our casualties were heavy.

The day previously a snowstorm had swept down on the north wind that

wrought havoc with the shipping in the Cove. Pinnaces broke from

their moorings and barges went ashore and were smashed. How wonderful

the hills on the morning of the 29th, covered with a snow mantle,

which astonished the Australians, the great majority of whom were

experiencing their first snowstorm! Icicles hung from the trenches--the

sentries stamped up and down. The wind howled down the gullies, that

were soon turned into morasses; the trenches were ankle-deep in mud.

For three days the frost continued, but the troops were in good spirits

and fairly comfortable. Many of the men suffered frost-bite, but on the

third day of December the sun shone and the conditions had materially

improved.

And now, in this strange eventful story comes the last stage of all.

Though the decision for the evacuation was taken in November, the

troops guessed nothing of it even up to a week before it took place.

They had no realization that the series of very quiet evenings, when

scarcely a shot was fired along the whole of the 5-mile front that

Anzac now comprised, had in them any definite end. It was all part

of the plan conceived by General Birdwood (now commanding the whole

Gallipoli forces in place of General Monro) for beginning the education

of the Turks to our leaving. But the main proposition to be faced was

how to remove 200 guns and hundreds of tons of stores, equipment,

and munitions and men, and keep up a semblance of normal activity of

throwing supplies into Anzac. Cloudy skies and a first-phase moon

helped at night, when the guns were stealthily drawn from their covered

pits. There was no unusual gathering of transports by day, though the

waters at night might resemble the days of the early landing, when the

pinnaces and trawlers had crowded inshore with tows. The tows they

removed now contained arms and munitions. More often they contained men

declared not absolutely fit.

It was often remarked in the trenches, as December began, that it

was an easy matter now to get a spell. The very slightest sickness

was sufficient excuse to send men to the beach, from whence all the

serious cases had long ago been removed, and so to the transports or

hospital ships, as the case might be. Yet during the day, when Turkish

aeroplanes hung menacingly over the position, observers might have seen

bodies of men marching up the tortuous sap to the trenches. There was

more indication of permanency, even of attack, than of evacuation.

So on the 10th December there was left at Anzac barely 20,000

men--very fit, very sound, and very determined men. It wanted nine

days to the day of evacuation. Still there was no hint that any

unusual step was anticipated. Some regiments were removed for special

duty--they anticipated another fight, even a new landing. They left

by night. They arrived at dawn at Mudros, safe from the firing-line

and Anzac for ever. The greater part of the army service, engineer,

and hospital units had left with their equipment. They came down the

deep saps from the south and from the north, right from under those

hills from the crest of which the Turks could look down almost to

the heart of our position. No longer could we hope to make a firm

resistance to the Turkish attack, which it had been hoped would

develop in November. Rearguard actions were contemplated and evolved,

to resist any onslaught. On the beach the heavy ammunition was being

loaded on to lighters. All except nine worn guns had gone. Two were

left still, almost in the firing-line, where they had been from the

first. Quantities of stores and equipment were destroyed on the 16th

and 17th rather than they should fall into the hands of the Turks. The

"archives" of the brigades and divisions had been removed too, for

some time. The administrative dugouts were bare of books, typewriters,

and correspondence. Final orders had been issued. It was now only a

question of supervision and Staff work to get the men away. And what

Staff work it was on the part of General Birdwood to remove that whole

army of 40,000 men (I include those troops brought out of the trenches

early in December) from such a perilous position! One may write in

terms of the highest praise of the demeanour and discipline of the men

in those last days, but it is to the leaders that must fall inevitably

the greatest praise--the leaders of the army and the leaders of the

men: men such as Brigadier-General White, the Chief of Staff to General

Birdwood, Brigadier-Generals Antill, Monash, Johnston, Forsyth, and

Holmes, who worked on the beach till the very last.

Thousands of men were removed from Anzac during the night of the 18th.

They came down rapidly through the gullies, silently, and with empty

magazines. They embarked swiftly, according to a carefully adjusted

timetable. By morning the sea was calm and passive. A sudden storm

was the one thing now which might yet cause havoc to the plans. It was

during this last day that the situation was so tense. Turkish observers

might, one thought, have easily detected the thinly held lines and the

diminished stores on shore. The enemy remained in utter ignorance.

They would have seen--as the gunners surely saw from their observation

positions on Gaba Tepe and Kelid Bahr--parties of Australians ("smoking

parties," as they were called) idling about in saps and on exposed

hills, meant to attract the fire of the Turkish guns; for "Beachy

Bill" could never resist what the troops called "a smile" at parties

on the beach. The destruction of stores continued. To the enemy, Anzac

firing-line was normal that day.

At dusk on the 19th began the final phase of this delicate and

extraordinary operation. A force of 6,000 men were holding back 50,000

Turkish troops. The communications at Anzac were like a fan: they all

led out from the little Cove in the very centre of the position. They

went as far as 3 miles on the left (the north), and half that distance

to Chatham's Post on the right (the south), almost to Gaba Tepe. In the

centre they were short and very steep. They led up to the Nek and to

Russell's Top and to Quinn's Post. From these points the Turks could

have looked down into the heart of our position. If that heart were

to pulse on steadily until suddenly it stopped altogether, it must be

protected till the last. Therefore the flanks of the position were

evacuated first.

From the Nek to the beach it was a descent of some 500 yards--a descent

that might be accomplished in ten minutes. It was the head of our

second line of defence that had been so hastily drawn up in the early

days. There was now the last stand to be made.

Three columns, A, B, and C, held the Anzac line; 2,000 picked men

in each, and the whole unit chosen men from infantry battalions and

regiments of Light Horse. The last were the "die hards." Darkness

spread rapidly after five o'clock over the front hills, wrapping them

in gloom. The sea was still calm. Clouds drifted across the face of

the moon, half-hidden in mist. Already men were leaving the outskirts

of our line. They would take hours to reach the beach, there joining

up with other units come from the centre, and closer positions to the

shore. They marched with magazines empty: they had not even bayonets

fixed. They might not smoke or speak. They filed away, Indian fashion,

through the hills into the big sap, on to the northern piers on Ocean

Beach. Their moving forms were clearly distinguishable in the glimmer

from the crescent moon. The hills looked sullen and black. No beacon

lights from dugouts burned. That first column began to leave Anzac

shore at eight o'clock on the transports that were swiftly gliding

from the shore. Another two hours and some thousands of men had gone.

Parties of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade had left Destroyer Hill; most

of the 1st Light Horse had evacuated No. 1 Post, the 4th Australian

Brigade the line on Cheshire Ridge, the New Zealand Mounted Rifles,

Yeomanry, and Maoris the famous Hill 60, position.

But still small detachments, 150 to 170 in each, belonging to these

seasoned regiments and brigades remained at their post, holding quietly

the Anzac line.

Midnight. The head of the second column reached the Cove and the piers

so often shelled. Those on the beach knew that only 2,000 lone men were

holding back the enemy along the front. They were in isolated groups:

the New Zealand Infantry on the Sari Bair ridge, the 20th Infantry

at the Nek, the 17th Infantry at Quinn's, the 23rd and 24th Infantry

at Lone Pine, the 6th Light Horse Regiment at Chatham's Post, on the

extreme right, down by the shore. On the beach there was no confusion.

Units concentrated at fixed points in the gullies. They left at a

certain time. They arrived just to the moment, marching hard. They

found the Navy ready to clear them to the transports. There must be no

hitch: there was none. On either flank could be heard a feeble rifle

fire. Overhead came the answering "psing-psing" of the Turkish bullets.

At 1.30 began the withdrawal of the "die hards" from the points they

were holding with such a terrible peril hanging over them. A bomb burst

at "the Apex," on the slopes of Chunak Bair, with a resonant thud, with

the rapid answer following from the Turkish rifles. But nothing else

happened. What could happen? The New Zealand garrison had gone from

this dearly-won ridge, with a parting message left under a stone for

the Turks. By two o'clock the small parties of the 19th Infantry at

Pope's, the 18th Infantry at Courtney's Post, and the 17th Infantry

at Quinn's Post, were still further reduced. A few hundred desperate

fighters were hurrying in from the outposts of the line on the left

and the right, each firing a shot as they left. The right stole away

at 2.30 from Chatham's Post, men of the 6th Light Horse. Still there

were "die hards" of the 1st Brigade, and the 7th Battalion next them,

in Leane's Trench up to Lone Pine, held by the 23rd and 24th Infantry

of the 2nd Division. Here the Turks in their trenches were within 15

feet of them. There were a few score of determined men left at Quinn's

Post, a strong party on the Nek, but yet not 800 men in all holding the

whole front. Yet our line from end to end was spluttering. Ah! that

was through a device whereby the running sand from an emptying bucket,

fired an Australian rifle.

Swiftly the fate of Anzac was being decided now. All the trenches at

Lone Pine were deserted by 3.15 a.m. The garrisons at Quinn's and

Pope's Hill--the ever-impregnable post of our centre--were silently,

swiftly moving down Monash Gully into Shrapnel Gully, through the

sap, and towards the longed-for beach. The Anzac line was contracting

rapidly. The moon slid behind some clouds as the party passed the

deserted walls and tanks. Empty dugouts gaped like bottomless pits

on either side of their path. Suddenly behind on the heights, like

a thunderclap, there was a roar, as a vivid flash lit the sky, and

tongues of flame rolled along the hills. The whole of the Nek was

thus blown up by an immense series of mines. Three and a half tons of

Amenol, placed there by the 5th Company of Australian Engineers, were

used to throw a barrier across this entrance. The sight, awful in its

meaning to the army now embarked, lent speed to the steps of those

brave rearguards. From off that same Nek the Australians were rushing

down the track to the boats waiting by the piers. The Turkish fire

broke forth, growing, swelling in volume, as if a door were suddenly

opened on a raging battle. Guns from the warships began to pound the

hills. It was not yet four o'clock, but the dawn was creeping in, and

with it the Turks to our trenches. Fearful of a trap, they began their

exploration of Anzac as the guns of the Navy completed the destruction

of our few guns on the beach (that had fired till the end) and on the

piers, and swept the ranks of the advancing enemy.

Suvla Bay was also evacuated on the same evening, and with the same

success, for, as the news broke on an astonished world, it was

reported--and will be recorded--as one of the most extraordinary feats

of naval and military history, that only three men at Anzac and two at

Suvla Bay had been wounded in this astonishing masterpiece of strategy.

Before the closing days of the year, the English and French positions

at Cape Helles had been abandoned also, and the Gallipoli campaign was

brought to a sudden but very deliberate close. I have suggested that

there were strong enough reasons for its commencement, and others for

its conclusion. As to the failure, it can but be attributed to the

lack of men, the lack of reinforcements, the lack of munitions. When

and where these armies and reinforcements should have been landed, the

campaign shows significantly enough. But in the contemplation of this

failure there comes a not unpleasant feeling of achievement, the full

significance of which has not yet been recognized, and will not be

fully understood till the Turks lay down their arms and sue for peace.

The exhaustion of the Turkish nation and its army during that Gallipoli

campaign was great, and how near to collapse historians will discover.

The new Russian offensive in the Caucasus found it ill prepared to

resist. Over 250,000 casualties were suffered by the Turks in the

Dardanelles; a great mass of the Turkish mercantile fleet was lost.

And still their coast lies as open as ever to invasion, so that large

armies are compelled to be kept along it.

No one can regard the evacuation (whatever relief it gave to the army)

without a tinge of sadness and bitterness at relinquishing positions

that had been so dearly won, to the troops engaged most of all. But it

stands to the credit of the Australians that they took the situation

calmly as it developed. The army made a masterly retreat, after

suffering 40,000 casualties, of whom 8,000 had been killed. But the

Commonwealth and the Dominion of New Zealand offered fresh battalions

to the Motherland as the only sign on the changing of the tide of

battle.

In one day--25th April--Australia attained Nationhood by the heroism

of her noble sons. "Anzac" will ever form the front page in her

history, and a unique and vivid chapter in the annals of the Empire.

The very vigour of their manhood, the impetuosity of their courage,

carried slopes that afterwards in cold blood, seemed impregnable.

And they held what they won, and proved themselves an army fit to

rank alongside any that a World Empire has produced. But yet in all

their fighting there was no bitterness--not against the Turks--but a

terrible, earnest fearlessness that boded ill for lurking enemies. They

found a staunch and worthy foe, who, whatever their treatment of the

people within their own borders was, abstained from the brutalities of

the Germans.

Above all, the young army won its way into the hearts and confidence of

the British Navy and the Indians from so near their own shores. They

gained a respect for themselves and for discipline. They formed for the

generations of new armies yet unborn on Australian soil, traditions

worthy of the hardy, freeborn race living under the cloudless skies

of the Southern Cross. Open-hearted, ever generous, true as gold, and

hard as steel, Australia's first great volunteer army, and its valorous

deeds, will live in history while the world lasts.

APPENDIX I

DISTINCTIONS FOR GALLANTRY AND SERVICES IN THE FIELD

The following awards for services rendered in connection with military

operations in the field were made by His Majesty the King to members of

the Australian Imperial Force.

THE VICTORIA CROSS

Captain Alfred John Shout, 1st Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(New South Wales).

For most conspicuous bravery at Lone Pine trenches, in the Gallipoli

Peninsula. On the morning of 9th August 1915, with a very small party,

Captain Shout charged down trenches strongly occupied by the enemy,

and personally threw four bombs among them, killing eight and routing

the remainder. In the afternoon of the same day, from the position

gained in the morning, he captured a further length of trench under

similar conditions, and continued personally to bomb the enemy at

close range under very heavy fire, until he was severely wounded,

losing his right hand and left eye. This most gallant officer has

since succumbed to his injuries.

Lieutenant William John Symons, 7th Battalion, Australian Imperial

Force (Victoria).

For most conspicuous bravery on the night of 8th-9th August 1915, at

Lone Pine trenches, in the Gallipoli Peninsula. He was in command

of the right section of the newly captured trenches held by his

battalion, and repelled several counter-attacks with great coolness.

At about 5 a.m. on 9th August a series of determined attacks were

made by the enemy on an isolated sap, and six officers were in

succession killed or severely wounded, a portion of the sap being

lost. Lieutenant Symons then led a charge and retook the lost sap,

shooting two Turks with his revolver. The sap was under hostile fire

from three sides, and Lieutenant Symons withdrew some 15 yards to a

spot where some overhead cover could be obtained, and in the face of

heavy fire built up a sand barricade. The enemy succeeded in setting

fire to the fascines and woodwork of the head-cover, but Lieutenant

Symons extinguished the fire and rebuilt the barricade. His coolness

and determination finally compelled the enemy to discontinue their

attacks.

Lieutenant Frederick Harold Tubb, 7th Battalion, Australian Imperial

Force (Victoria).

For most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty at Lone Pine

trenches, in the Gallipoli Peninsula, on 9th August 1915. In the

early morning the enemy made a determined counter-attack on the centre

of the newly captured trench held by Lieutenant Tubb. They advanced

up a sap and blew in a sandbag barricade, leaving only one foot of it

standing; but Lieutenant Tubb led his men back, repulsed the enemy,

and rebuilt the barricade. Supported by strong bombing parties, the

enemy succeeded in twice again blowing in the barricade, but on each

occasion Lieutenant Tubb, although wounded in the head and arm, held

his ground with the greatest coolness and rebuilt it, and finally

succeeded in maintaining his position under very heavy bomb fire.

Second Lieutenant Hugo Vivian Hope Throssell, 10th Light Horse

Regiment, Australian Imperial Force (Western Australia).

For most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty during operations

on the Kaiakij Aghala (Hill 60), in the Gallipoli Peninsula, on 29th

and 30th August 1915. Although severely wounded in several places

during a counter-attack, he refused to leave his post or to obtain

medical assistance till all danger was past, when he had his wounds

dressed and returned to the firing-line until ordered out of action by

the medical officer. By his personal courage and example he kept up

the spirits of his party and was largely instrumental in saving the

situation at a critical period.

No. 384 Corporal Alexander Stewart Burton, 7th Battalion, Australian

Imperial Force, and

No. 2130 Corporal William Dunstan, 7th Battalion, Australian Imperial

Force (Victoria).

For most conspicuous bravery at Lone Pine trenches, in the Gallipoli

Peninsula, on 9th August 1915. In the early morning the enemy made a

determined counter-attack on the centre of the newly captured trench

held by Lieutenant Tubb, Corporals Burton and Dunstan, and a few men.

They advanced up a sap and blew in a sandbag barricade, leaving only

one foot of it standing; but Lieutenant Tubb, with the two corporals,

repulsed the enemy and rebuilt the barricade. Supported by strong

bombing parties, the enemy twice again succeeded in blowing in the

barricade, but on each occasion they were repulsed and the barricade

rebuilt, although Lieutenant Tubb was wounded in the head and arm, and

Corporal Burton was killed by a bomb while most gallantly building up

the parapet under a hail of bombs.

No. 943 Private John Hamilton, 1st Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(New South Wales).

For most conspicuous bravery on 9th August 1915, in the Gallipoli

Peninsula. During a heavy bomb attack by the enemy on the newly

captured position at Lone Pine, Private Hamilton, with utter disregard

to personal safety, exposed himself under heavy fire on the parados,

in order to secure a better fire position against the enemy's

bomb-throwers. His coolness and daring example had an immediate

effect. The defence was encouraged and the enemy driven off with heavy

loss.

No. 465 Lance-Corporal Albert Jacka, 14th Battalion Australian Imperial

Force (Victoria).

For most conspicuous bravery on the night of the 19th-20th May 1915,

at "Courtney's Post," Gallipoli Peninsula. Lance-Corporal Jacka, while

holding a portion of our trench with four other men, was heavily

attacked. When all except himself were killed or wounded, the trench

was rushed and occupied by seven Turks. Lance-Corporal Jacka at once

most gallantly attacked them single-handed, and killed the whole

party, five by rifle fire and two with the bayonet.

No. 958 Private Leonard Keysor, 1st Battalion, Australian Imperial

Force (New South Wales).

For most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty at Lone Pine

trenches, in the Gallipoli Peninsula. On 7th August 1915 he was in a

trench which was being heavily bombed by the enemy. He picked up two

live bombs and threw them back at the enemy at great risk to his own

life, and continued throwing bombs, although himself wounded, thereby

saving a portion of the trench which it was most important to hold.

On 8th August, at the same place, Private Keysor successfully bombed

the enemy out of a position from which a temporary mastery over his

own trench had been obtained, and was again wounded. Although marked

for hospital, he declined to leave, and volunteered to throw bombs for

another company which had lost its bomb-throwers. He continued to bomb

the enemy till the situation was relieved.

THE MOST HONOURABLE ORDER OF THE BATH

_To be a Knight Commander._

Major-General William Throsby Bridges, _C.M.G._, General Officer

Commanding 1st Australian Division (since died of wounds).

_To be Additional Members of the Military Division of the Third Class,

or Companions._

Colonel (temporary Major-General) H. G. Chauvel, _C.M.G._, Commanding

Australian Mounted Division.

Colonel (temporary Surgeon-General) Neville Reginald Howse, _V.C._,

Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, Staff.

Colonel (temporary Brigadier-General) the Honourable James Whiteside

McCay, 2nd Infantry Brigade.

Colonel (temporary Brigadier-General) F. C. Hughes, commanding 3rd

Light Horse Brigade.

Colonel (temporary Brigadier-General) John Monash, 4th Infantry Brigade.

Colonel (temporary Brigadier-General) Joseph John Talbot Hobbs,

Commanding Divisional Artillery.

Colonel (temporary Brigadier-General) C. B. B. White, _D.S.O._, Chief

of Staff, 1st Australian Army Corps.

Lieut.-Colonel Harold Pope, 16th Battalion (South and Western

Australia).

Lieut.-Colonel Richard Edmond Courtney, 14th Battalion (Victoria).

Lieut.-Colonel George Jamieson Johnston, 2nd Field Artillery Brigade.

Lieut.-Colonel James Harold Cannan, 15th Battalion (Queensland and

Tasmania).

Lieut.-Colonel Charles Rosenthal, 3rd Field Artillery Brigade.

Lieut.-Colonel Granville John Burnage, 13th Battalion (New South Wales).

Lieut.-Colonel Ernest Hillier Smith, 12th Battalion (South Australia,

Western Australia, Tasmania).

THE MOST DISTINGUISHED ORDER OF SAINT MICHAEL AND SAINT GEORGE

_To be Additional Members of the Third Class, or Companions._

Colonel the Honourable Joseph Livesley Beeston, Army Medical Corps.

Colonel (temporary Brigadier-General) G. de L. Ryrie, Commanding 2nd

Light Horse Brigade (New South Wales).

Lieut.-Colonel Alfred Joshua Bennett, D.S.O., 1st Battalion (New South

Wales).

Lieut.-Colonel Henry Gordon Bennett, 6th Battalion (Victoria).

Lieut.-Colonel W. E. H. Cass, Commanding 2nd Infantry Battalion.

Lieut.-Colonel Sydney Ernest Christian, 1st Field Artillery Brigade.

Lieut.-Colonel C. M. Macnaghten, Commanding 4th Infantry Battalion (New

South Wales).

Lieut.-Colonel Jeremy Taylor Marsh, Divisional Train, Army Service

Corps.

Lieut.-Colonel T. M. Martin, Commanding 2nd Australian General Hospital.

Lieut.-Colonel Robert Heylock Owen, 3rd Infantry Battalion (New South

Wales).

Lieut.-Colonel David Sydney Wanliss, 5th Infantry Battalion (Victoria).

Major (temporary Lieut.-Colonel) D. M. McConaghy, Commanding 3rd

Battalion (New South Wales).

Major (temporary Lieut.-Colonel) James Campbell Robertson, 9th

Battalion (Queensland).

Major Alfred Joseph Bessell-Browne, D.S.O., 3rd Field Artillery Brigade.

Major Edmund Alfred Drake Brockman, 11th Battalion (Western Australia).

Major Giffard Hamilton Macarthur King, 1st Field Artillery Brigade.

Major Reginald Lee Rex Rabett, 1st Field Artillery Brigade.

Major George Ingram Stevenson, 2nd Field Artillery Brigade.

Major J. L. Whitham, Second in Command, of 12th Battalion (South and

Western Australia and Tasmania).

THE DISTINGUISHED SERVICE ORDER

_To be Companions._

Rev. W. E. Dexter (Chaplain 4th Class), 2nd Infantry Brigade (Victoria).

Rev. J. Fahey (Chaplain 4th Class), 3rd Infantry Brigade (Queensland,

South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania).

Lieut.-Colonel Walter Ramsay McNicoll, 6th Australian Infantry

Battalion (Victoria).

On the night of 25th-26th April 1915, during operations near Gaba

Tepe, for repeatedly exhibiting great gallantry and skill in the

command of his battalion.

Lieut.-Colonel Cyril Brudenell Bingham White, Royal Australian Garrison

Artillery, Staff.

During the operations near Gaba Tepe on 25th April, 1915, and

subsequently for his distinguished service co-ordinating Staff work,

and in reorganization after the inevitable dislocation and confusion

arising from the first landing operations. He displayed exceptional

ability.

Major Charles Henry Brand, 3rd Infantry Brigade (Australian Forces).

On 25th April 1915, during operations in the neighbourhood of Gaba

Tepe, for conspicuous gallantry and ability in organizing stragglers

under heavy fire, and for organizing and leading an attack resulting

in the disablement of three of the enemy's guns. Major Brand himself

conveyed messages on many occasions under fire during emergencies.

Major W. L. H. Burgess, 3rd Field Artillery Brigade.

Major James Samuel Denton, 11th Australian Infantry Battalion (Western

Australia).

During the operations in the neighbourhood of Gaba Tepe on the 25th

April 1915, for valuable services in obtaining and transmitting

information to ships' guns and mountain batteries, and subsequently

for holding a trench, with about 20 men, for over six days, repulsing

several determined attacks.

Major Gus Eberling, 8th Battalion (Victoria).

Major James Heane, 4th Australian Infantry Battalion (New South Wales).

On 1st May 1915, during the operations near Gaba Tepe, for displaying

conspicuous gallantry in leading his company to the support of a

small force which, in an isolated trench, was without means of

reinforcement, replenishment, or retreat. He attained his object at a

heavy sacrifice.

Major Herbert William Lloyd, 1st Field Artillery Brigade.

Major Francis Maxwell de Frayer Lorenzo, 10th Battalion (South

Australia).

Major William Owen Mansbridge, 16th Australian Infantry Battalion

(Western Australia).

On 25th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for exceptional

gallantry and resource during the first assault, and again on the 2nd

and 3rd May during an assault on a difficult position.

Major (temporary Lieut.-Colonel) A. M. Martyn, Commanding Officer

Engineers, First Australian Division.

Major Robert Rankine, 14th Australian Infantry Battalion (Victoria).

On the night of 26th-27th April 1915, during operations in the

neighbourhood of Gaba Tepe, for gallantly leading an assault resulting

in the capture of a most important post, and subsequently for holding

that position against repeated attacks for five days without relief.

Major Arthur Borlase Stevens, 2nd Battalion (New South Wales).

Major (temporary Lieut.-Colonel) Leslie Edward Tilney, 16th Battalion

(South Australia, Western Australia).

Captain Arthur Graham Butler, Australian Army Medical Corps (attached

9th Australian Infantry Battalion).

During operations in the neighbourhood of Gaba Tepe on 25th April 1915

and subsequent dates, for conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty

in attending wounded under heavy fire, continuously displaying courage

of high order.

Captain Cecil Arthur Callaghan, 2nd Battery, Australian Field

Artillery, Australian Imperial Force (New South Wales).

For conspicuous gallantry and ability on 12th July 1915, during an

action on the Gallipoli Peninsula. As forward observing officer, he

advanced with the first line of infantry and established telephone

communication with his battery from the captured hostile trenches.

During the day he continued to advance under heavy fire, sending back

accurate reports, valuable not only to the guns, but also to the corps

staff.

Captain Cecil Duncan Sasse, 1st Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(New South Wales).

For conspicuous gallantry and determination during the attack on Lone

Pine, Gallipoli Peninsula, on 6th-7th August 1915, when he led several

bayonet charges on trenches occupied by the enemy, resulting in

substantial gains. Captain Sasse was wounded three times, but remained

on duty.

Captain (temporary Major) Alan Humphrey Scott, 4th Battalion,

Australian Imperial Force (New South Wales).

For conspicuous gallantry in the attack on Lone Pine, Gallipoli

Peninsula, on 6th-7th August 1915. He held on to a very exposed

position till all the wounded had been removed. Later, after a heavy

bombarding attack in superior force had compelled him to retire, he

led a bayonet charge which re-took and held a position, in face of

the enemy's enfilading machine-gun fire. This position was of great

importance, as linking up the positions captured on either flank.

THE MILITARY CROSS

Major J. T. M'Coll.

Captain J. S. S. Anderson, Staff, 1st Infantry Brigade.

Captain M. H. Cleeve, 4th Infantry Brigade.

Captain G. Cooper, 14th Infantry Battalion (Victoria).

Captain J. E. Dods, Medical Officer, 5th Light Horse (Queensland).

Captain J. Hill, 15th Infantry Battalion (Queensland and Tasmania).

Captain Owen Glendower Howell-Price, 3rd Battalion, Australian Imperial

Force (New South Wales).

For conspicuous gallantry on 7th August 1915, in the attack on Lone

Pine, Gallipoli Peninsula. He showed the greatest bravery in leading

an attack against the Turkish trenches, frequently rallying his men

under heavy fire, and restoring order at critical moments. He killed

three Turks with his own hands.

Captain (temporary Major) R. L. Leane, 11th Infantry Battalion (Western

Australia).

Captain G. McLaughlin, 1st Field Artillery Brigade (New South Wales).

Captain Jasper Kenneth Gordon Magee, 4th Australian Infantry Battalion

(New South Wales).

On 25th April 1915 and subsequent dates, during operations in the

neighbourhood of Gaba Tepe, for gallantry in leading his men, and

exhibiting sound judgment and ability on several occasions, under a

constant and harassing fire.

Captain J. H. F. Pain, 2nd Infantry Battalion (New South Wales).

Captain Clifford Russell Richardson, 2nd Australian Infantry Battalion

(New South Wales).

On 25th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for displaying

great coolness and courage, and leading a charge against superior

numbers under a heavy cross fire, resulting in the flight of the enemy

in disorder.

Captain James William Albert Simpson, 13th Australian Infantry

Battalion (New South Wales).

On 2nd May 1915, during an attack in the neighbourhood of Gaba

Tepe, for showing conspicuous bravery and skill in directing the

battalion through unreconnoitred scrub. He was conspicuously active in

consolidating the position gained under heavy fire.

Captain W. C. N. Waite, 3rd Field Artillery Brigade (Composite).

Lieutenant (temporary Captain) Heinrich Bächtold, 1st Field Company,

Australian Engineers.

Lieutenant G. N. Croker, Divisional Engineers.

Lieutenant Alfred Plumley Derham, 5th Australian Infantry Battalion

(Victoria).

On 25th April 1915, and subsequently during operations in the

neighbourhood of Gaba Tepe, for acting with great bravery and ability,

and continuing to do duty until 30th April, although shot through the

thigh on 25th April.

Lieutenant Charles Fortescue, 9th Australian Infantry Battalion

(Queensland).

From 25th to 29th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for

conspicuous gallantry. He twice led charges against the enemy, and

rendered good service in collecting reinforcements and organizing

stragglers.

Lieutenant R. G. Hamilton, Signal Company.

Lieutenant (temporary Captain) G. H. L. Harris, 1st Light Horse

Regiment (New South Wales).

Lieutenant (temporary Captain) H. James, 11th Infantry Battalion

(Western Australia).

Lieutenant (temporary Captain) J. E. Lee, 13th Infantry Battalion (New

South Wales).

Lieutenant Reginald George Legge, 13th Australian Infantry Battalion

(New South Wales).

On 1st and 2nd May 1915, during operations in the neighbourhood of

Gaba Tepe, for conspicuous ability and courage in the successful

handling of his machine gun section. On several occasions he inflicted

severe losses on the enemy, and was himself severely wounded in the

neck.

Lieutenant Eric Edwin Longfield Lloyd, 1st Battalion, Australian

Imperial Force (New South Wales).

For exceptionally gallant conduct on 5th June 1915, during the

operations in the Gallipoli Peninsula, in personally leading a party

of 100 men to take a trench from which an enemy machine gun was

severely harassing his position. Although unable to remove the machine

gun owing to the heavy head cover, he destroyed it with rifle fire. He

personally shot two Turks with his own pistol, and, with his party,

inflicted severe losses on the enemy.

Lieutenant Terence Patrick McSharry, 2nd Australian Light Horse

Regiment (Queensland).

For exceptional bravery and resource on many occasions since 25th

April 1915, especially on night of 28th-29th May, during operations

in the neighbourhood of Gaba Tepe, Dardanelles, in organizing

several assaults, and at great personal risk making several valuable

reconnaissances. He was again brought to notice for gallant conduct on

the night, 4th-5th June.

Lieutenant N. Marshall, 5th Infantry Battalion (Victoria).

Lieutenant J. H. Mirams, 2nd Field Company, Engineers.

Lieutenant (temporary Captain) Uvedale Edward Parry-Okeden, 1st

Australian Divisional Ammunition Park.

Lieutenant Percy John Ross, 7th Battery, Australian Imperial Force

(Queensland).

For conspicuous gallantry in the attack on Lone Pine on 6th and 7th

August, 1915, when he kept his gun in action for forty-eight hours,

although continuously attacked at close quarters by superior gun fire.

His gun emplacement was several times almost completely demolished,

and he himself was finally wounded. Lieutenant Ross rendered very

valuable assistance to the infantry in the attack through his

determination to keep his gun in action at all costs.

Lieutenant Alfred John Shout, 1st Australian Infantry Battalion (New

South Wales).

On 27th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for showing

conspicuous courage and ability in organizing and leading his men in

a thick, bushy country, under very heavy fire. He frequently had to

expose himself to locate the enemy, and led a bayonet charge at a

critical moment.

Lieutenant S. E. Sinclair, 1st Field Artillery Brigade (New South

Wales).

Second Lieutenant E. T. Bazeley, 22nd Battalion (Victoria).

Second Lieutenant W. A. Moncur, 7th Infantry Battalion (Victoria).

Second Lieutenant R. I. Moore, 3rd Infantry Battalion (New South Wales).

Second Lieutenant R. T. Ramsay, 9th Field Ambulance.

No. 96 Sergeant-Major D. Smith, 5th Battalion, 2nd Australian Brigade

(Victoria).

On 8th May 1915, during operations south of Krithia, for conspicuous

gallantry and good services in rallying and leading men forward to the

attack. Although wounded in both arms, he continued to direct his men,

setting a valuable example of devotion to duty.

THE DISTINGUISHED CONDUCT MEDAL

Second Lieutenant R. R. Chapman.

Second Lieutenant W. C. McCutcheon.

Lieutenant (temporary Captain) W. W. Meligan.

No. 6 Sergeant A. Anderson, 2nd Australian Infantry Battalion (New

South Wales).

For conspicuous gallantry on 25th April 1915 and subsequent dates,

during the operations near Gaba Tepe, in assisting to reorganize small

parties of various battalions under heavy fire, and placing them in

the firing line.

No. 74 Private T. Arnott, 1st Australian Infantry Battalion (New South

Wales).

For conspicuous gallantry on 30th May 1915, in the neighbourhood of

Gaba Tepe, whilst serving in a machine gun section. Although engaged

by two hostile machine guns which demolished the emplacement, Private

Arnott served his gun whilst exposed to the enemy's fire until badly

wounded. One hostile machine gun was destroyed.

No. 189 Sergeant W. Ayling, 11th Australian Infantry Battalion (Western

Australia).

On 25th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for gallantry

in commanding his platoon after his officer had been wounded. When

compelled to retire he carried the wounded officer with him, and on

obtaining reinforcements again led his platoon to the attack.

Corporal G. Ball.

No. 43 Lance-Corporal H. A. Barker, 7th Battalion, Australian Imperial

Force (Victoria).

For conspicuous gallantry, ability, and resource on the 25th and 26th

April, 1915, near Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles). During the operations on

these two days, the officer, sergeant, and corporal of his machine gun

section, having been wounded, Corporal Barker assumed the command,

and continued working the guns under a heavy shell fire. At one time

the enemy actually succeeded in getting into the machine gun trench,

but were all killed. One after another the machine guns were rendered

useless by shell fire, but he collected portions of useless guns,

and built them up anew. Finally he was working with two guns only,

composed of parts of at least seven other guns.

Bombardier C. W. Baxter.

Private A. Bell.

No. 874 Sergeant C. E. Benson, 9th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(Queensland).

For gallant conduct and ability on the 25th April 1915, at Gaba Tepe

(Dardanelles). With great courage and presence of mind he, on two

occasions, rallied and led forward again into the firing-line men

whose officers had all been killed or wounded, and who had suffered

very heavy losses. His fine example and devotion to duty were

conspicuous.

No. 695 Private W. J. Birrell, C Company, 7th Battalion, 2nd Australian

Brigade (Victoria).

On 8th May 1915, during operations near Krithia, for distinguished

conduct in collecting and organizing men who had become detached, and

leading them to a weak flank of the firing-line.

No. 170 Lance-Corporal P. Black, 16th Australian Infantry Battalion

(South Australia, Western Australia).

On the night of 2nd-3rd May 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe,

for exceptional gallantry. After all his comrades in his machine gun

section had been killed or wounded, and although surrounded by the

enemy, he fired all available ammunition and finally brought his gun

out of action.

Corporal H. Brennan.

No. 997 Private L. W. Burnett, Australian Army Medical Corps.

From 25th April to 5th May 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for

exceptionally gallant work and devotion to duty under heavy fire.

No. 1250 Private D. H. Campigli, 8th Battalion, Australian Imperial

Force (Victoria).

For gallant conduct on the 25th and 26th April 1915, near Gaba Tepe

(Dardanelles), when, with a small detachment, which was retiring on

the main body, he, on two occasions, carried in a wounded man under

heavy fire.

No. 119 Lance-Corporal F. R. Cawley, 15th Battalion, Australian

Imperial Force (Queensland, Tasmania).

For conspicuous gallantry on the night of the 9th-10th May 1915,

near Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles). During a sortie from Quinn's Post,

Lance-Corporal Cawley, accompanied by another non-commissioned

officer, advanced with great coolness and courage past the first line

of the enemy's trenches to a tent some distance in the rear. They

killed all the occupants, and cut the telephone wires which connected

it with the fire-trenches, thus preventing communication from the rear.

No. 66 Lance-Corporal V. Cawley, No. 2 Field Ambulance, 1st Australian

Division.

For conspicuous gallantry on 25th April 1915, and subsequently during

landing operations in the neighbourhood of Gaba Tepe. He advanced

under heavy rifle and shrapnel fire and spent the day attending to

wounded men. He repeatedly, during the following days, brought wounded

men in over ground swept by the enemy's fire.

No. 182 Sergeant W. A. Connell, 12th Australian Infantry Battalion

(Western Australia).

On 25th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for gallantly

attacking an entrenched position and an enemy's machine gun.

No. 94 Staff Sergeant-Major M. E. E. Corbett, 15th Australian Infantry

Battalion (Queensland).

On 3rd May 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for exceptional

gallantry in serving his machine gun after he had been wounded, until

it was put out of action, and again for rallying men and leading them

to a second attack, retrieving a difficult situation.

No. 1403 Private M. D. Cowtan, 1st Australian Casualty Clearing

Hospital.

For conspicuous good work on 25th April 1915, and subsequently during

the landing operations in the neighbourhood of Gaba Tepe. He was

indefatigable during the first four days in giving aid and carrying

water to the wounded, and his unswerving courage under fire was

invaluable in its effect.

No. 733 Lance-Corporal J. Craven, 15th Battalion, Australian Imperial

Force (Queensland, Tasmania).

For conspicuous gallantry on the 27th April 1915, near Gaba Tepe

(Dardanelles), when, under a heavy shell and machine-gun fire, he

carried water and food to the men in the front trenches. He also

assisted four wounded men into shelter, and, later on, he exhibited

the greatest coolness and courage in voluntarily carrying messages

under heavy fire and at great personal risk.

Sergeant R. C. Crawford.

No. 712 Sergeant N. A. Cross, 13th Australian Infantry Battalion (New

South Wales).

For conspicuous gallantry on 9th May 1915, during operations near

Gaba Tepe, in taking an enemy's trench. Out of a party of 40 men to

which he belonged, only 12 reached their objective. On the officer

in command being wounded, he endeavoured to assist him back, but the

officer was again shot and killed. Sergeant Cross then immediately

returned to the forward position.

Lance-Corporal F. P. Curran.

No. 457 Lance-Corporal C. Davis, 1st Battalion, Australian Imperial

Force (New South Wales).

For great gallantry on the 5th June 1915, during the operations near

Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles). He was one of a small party who, led by an

officer, and under a heavy fire, made a direct attack on a machine

gun, which was destroyed.

-- Driver G. Dean, Australian Divisional Signal Company.

On 8th May 1915, during operations near Krithia, for distinguished

gallantry. Was detailed to accompany four officers to the firing-line

to lay telephone wire. Owing to the heavy fire only one officer

reached the position. Driver Dean kept up constant communication with

brigade headquarters until 3 a.m. on 9th May, when the remaining

officer was wounded. Alone, he assisted this officer back and attended

other wounded men, but never neglected his duties on the telephone.

No. 926 Private S. Diamond, 6th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(Victoria).

For conspicuous gallantry and ability on the 25th and 26th April

1915, near Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles). When, on one occasion during the

operations, most of the officers having been killed or wounded, and

part of the line having commenced to retire, Private Diamond showed

the greatest courage and decision of character in assisting to stop

the retirement, and in leading the men forward again under a heavy

fire. He also frequently carried messages over open ground swept by a

heavy fire, and exhibited a splendid example of devotion to duty.

No. 744 Private H. Edelsten, 15th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(Queensland, Tasmania).

For conspicuous gallantry on the 25th April 1915, near Gaba Tepe

(Dardanelles). After the landing, he passed frequently from the

supports to the firing-line under a very heavy fire to keep the

communications open. Later on, he showed great bravery on three

occasions in carrying wounded men to a place of safety.

Sergeant A. G. Edwards.

Driver L. Farlow.

No. 325 Private A. Farmer, 3rd Australian Infantry Battalion (New South

Wales).

On 25th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for gallantry in

repeatedly carrying messages and twice going back for ammunition under

severe rifle and machine-gun fire; and again on 27th April, when his

officer was wounded, for organizing a party of three men who carried

the wounded officer to the rear. Private Farmer exposed himself

fearlessly, and it was owing to his coolness and initiative that the

party succeeded. He was himself wounded.

No. 151 Lance-Corporal G. C. Farnham, 3rd Field Ambulance, Australian

Imperial Force (Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia,

Tasmania).

For great gallantry on the 25th April 1915, and throughout the

landing operations near Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles). In attending to the

wounded under a heavy fire he showed the greatest zeal and disregard

of danger, and at all times gave a fine exhibition of coolness and

devotion to duty.

No. 261 Gunner G. G. Finlay, 2nd Battery, 1st Australian Field

Artillery Brigade (New South Wales).

For conspicuous gallantry on 8th June 1915, south-west of Krithia,

Gallipoli Peninsula. When a company of infantry had been forced

by enfilade fire to vacate a trench, it was reported that one of

their wounded had been left in the trench, which was now absolutely

commanded by the enemy's fire. Gunner Finlay, with another man,

volunteered to bring him in, and succeeded in doing so. It was a most

gallant adventure and showed a fine spirit of self-sacrifice.

No. 851 Lance-Corporal W. Francis, 13th Australian Infantry Battalion

(New South Wales).

On 3rd May 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for great bravery

in removing wounded from the trenches to a dressing station over

ground swept by machine-gun fire.

No. 764 Lance-Corporal H. W. Freame, 1st Australian Infantry Battalion

(New South Wales).

On 25th April 1915, and subsequently during the operations near Gaba

Tepe, for displaying the utmost gallantry in taking water to the

firing-line although twice hit by snipers.

No. 499 Lance-Corporal R. V. Gay, 6th Battalion, Australian Imperial

Force (Victoria).

For conspicuous gallantry and ability on the 25th and 26th April

1915, near Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles). When, on one occasion during the

operations, most of the officers having been killed or wounded, and

part of the line having commenced to retire, Corporal Gay showed great

courage and decision of character in assisting to stop the retirement,

and in leading the men forward again under a heavy fire. He also

frequently carried messages over open ground swept by a heavy fire,

and exhibited a splendid example of devotion to duty.

No. 918 Private F. Godfrey, 12th Australian Infantry Battalion (Western

Australia).

On 25th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for

exceptionally gallant conduct in personally capturing an enemy

officer, and going out single-handed and shooting five enemy snipers.

Corporal R. L. Graham.

No. 122 Private C. P. Green, 10th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(South Australia).

For conspicuous gallantry on the 25th April 1915, during the landing

at Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles). He had reached shelter on the beach, when

he saw a wounded man struggling in the surf, which was under heavy

fire. Without hesitation, he turned back, reached the man in the

water, and brought him successfully to shore, and subsequently to a

place of shelter.

No. 611 Private J. V. F. Gregg-Macgregor, 1st Field Ambulance,

Australian Imperial Force (New South Wales).

For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty on the 25th April 1915,

and subsequent days, after the landing at Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles). In

company with another man, Private Gregg-Macgregor showed the greatest

bravery and resource in attending to the wounded. Totally regardless

of danger, he was for three consecutive days under a continuous and

heavy shell and rifle fire, dressing and collecting the wounded from

the most exposed positions. He allowed no personal risk or fatigue to

interfere with the performance of his duties, and his gallant conduct

and devotion offered a splendid example to all ranks.

No. 582 Lance-Corporal C. Grimson, 1st Australian Light Horse Regiment

(New South Wales).

For conspicuous gallantry on the night of the 28th-29th May 1915,

near Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles). Owing to the explosion of a mine, which

destroyed a portion of our parapet, the enemy was enabled to occupy a

portion of our trenches, thus dividing the defending force into two.

Lance-Corporal Grimson crawled over the broken ground towards the

enemy, capturing successively three Turks. He then, with the greatest

courage, entered the remaining portion of the trench held by the

enemy, about 12 in number, and compelled them all to surrender, thus

enabling the defending force to re-unite.

No. 2 Staff-Sergeant C. V. Heath, Australian Flying Corps.

For conspicuous pluck and determination in Mesopotamia on the 1st

August 1915. He assisted to pole a "bellum" (long flat-bottomed boat)

28 miles in twelve hours in intense heat, in order to rescue aviators

who had been forced to descend in the enemy's country.

No. 493 Private C. R. Heaton, 9th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(Queensland).

For great bravery on the 25th April 1915, near Gaba Tepe

(Dardanelles), when he rescued and brought into shelter, under a very

heavy shell and rifle fire, a wounded man.

Sergeant W. J. Henderson.

No. 371 Private E. P. Hitchcock, Australian Army Medical Corps

(attached 6th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force) (Victoria).

For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty on the 8th May 1915,

and following days, north of Cape Helles (Dardanelles). In assisting

the wounded under constant heavy fire, Private Hitchcock exhibited

a heroism beyond praise. Absolutely regardless of danger, he, in

company with another man, attended to the wounded, leading up the

stretcher-bearers, and dressing the severe cases in the fire-trenches,

even before they were completed. Not only was he instrumental in

saving many lives, but, by his coolness and courage, he set a splendid

example of devotion to duty, and gave the greatest encouragement to

all ranks.

No. 556 Sergeant V. Horswill, 11th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(Western Australia).

For great gallantry and devotion to duty near Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles).

After two ammunition-carriers had been wounded, he rendered invaluable

service in assisting to carry up and distribute ammunition under a

heavy shell and rifle fire.

No. 1293 Private R. Humberston, 3rd Australian Infantry Battalion (New

South Wales).

On 25th April 1915, and subsequently during operations near Gaba Tepe,

for conspicuous coolness and bravery in volunteering on many occasions

for dangerous missions and for judgment in carrying them out.

No. 1065 Staff-Sergeant H. Jackson, Australian Army Medical Corps.

From 25th April until 5th May 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe,

for exceptionally gallant work and devotion to duty under heavy fire.

No. 518 Private W. S. James, 15th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(Queensland, Tasmania).

For conspicuous bravery on the night of the 3rd-4th May 1915, during

the operations near Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles). During an attack by the

enemy he frequently picked up and threw back their own hand-grenades,

exhibiting the greatest coolness and courage at a critical time. Later

on he assisted in carrying food and water to the firing-line under a

very heavy and continuous shell and machine-gun fire.

Private W. P. Kedley.

Private W. Kelly.

Private W. J. Kelly.

No. 75 Lance-Corporal T. Kennedy, 1st Australian Infantry Battalion

(New South Wales).

On 25th April 1915, and subsequent dates, during operations near Gaba

Tepe, for displaying the greatest coolness and pluck in running round

under heavy fire and collecting stragglers, whom he formed and led

into the firing-line. This he did time after time, with excellent

results.

No. 741 Lance-Corporal J. Kenyon, 9th Australian Infantry Battalion

(Queensland).

On 25th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for conspicuous

courage and initiative in returning from the firing-line under heavy

fire, collecting reinforcements, and assisting in leading a successful

bayonet charge to the top of a hill, which was eventually held against

great odds.

No. 323 Private A. M. Kirkwood, 6th Battalion, Australian Imperial

Force (Victoria).

For conspicuous gallantry and ability on the 8th May 1915, during the

operations north of Cape Helles (Dardanelles). During an advance, when

the officers and non-commissioned officers had been killed or wounded,

Private Kirkwood assumed the command, taking charge of the men in his

immediate neighbourhood, directing their fire and, by his coolness

and courage, rendering valuable assistance in steadying all ranks at a

critical moment. He led each advance in his section of the line, and,

finally, performed most valuable service in consolidating the position

gained.

Private J. H. Kruger.

Gunner A. G. McAllister.

No. 697 Sergeant J. M. McCleery, 11th Battalion, Australian Imperial

Force (Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania).

For conspicuous gallantry and ability on the 25th April 1915. After

the landing at Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles), he led an attack on a strongly

held position, and by his bravery and the ability with which he

handled his force, he succeeded in gaining the position.

Private W. M'Crae.

No. 1156 Corporal R. McGregor, 3rd Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(New South Wales).

For great bravery on the 27th April 1915, subsequent to the landing

at Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles). Ammunition in the firing-trench having

run short, and efforts to obtain supplies having failed, owing to

the ammunition-carriers having been killed, he volunteered to return

to the support trench in the rear and obtain further supplies. This

he succeeded in doing, although both in going and returning he was

exposed to a very heavy shell fire.

No. 99 Sapper G. F. McKenzie, 3rd Field Company, Australian Engineers.

On 4th May 1915, during a landing and an attack on the enemy's redoubt

near Gaba Tepe, for conspicuous gallantry in rescuing a wounded sapper

and carrying him back to the boat under heavy fire. Having pushed

the boat off, he himself returned to the beach and was subsequently

wounded.

No. 577 Gunner A. McKinlay, 3rd Battery, 1st Australian Field Artillery

Brigade (New South Wales).

For conspicuous gallantry on the 8th June 1915, south-west of Krithia,

Gallipoli Peninsula. When a company of infantry had been forced

by enfilade fire to vacate a trench, it was reported that one of

their wounded had been left in the trench, which was now absolutely

commanded by the enemy's fire. Gunner McKinlay, with another man,

volunteered to bring him in, and succeeded in doing so. It was a most

gallant adventure, and showed a fine spirit of self-sacrifice.

Corporal H. M. MacNee.

Private F. O. McRae.

No. 1357 Lance-Corporal J. T. Maher, 15th Battalion, Australian

Imperial Force (Queensland, Tasmania).

For gallant conduct and resource on several occasions during the

operations at Quinn's Post (Dardanelles). Corporal Maher particularly

distinguished himself as a brave and expert bomb-thrower, and always

exhibited the highest courage and devotion to duty.

No. 852 Private H. C. Martyr, 8th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(Victoria).

For conspicuous bravery on the 26th April 1915, near Gaba Tepe

(Dardanelles), when he went out and carried a wounded man over 50

yards of open ground, swept by a heavy shell and rifle fire, to

shelter. He exhibited great courage and coolness, and gave a fine

example of devotion to duty.

No. 927 Sergeant G. F. Mason, 11th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(Western Australia).

For conspicuous gallantry and ability on the 25th April 1915, and the

three following days at Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles). During these days of

continuous fighting, Sergeant Mason showed great courage and resource

in holding his men together under constant fire, and when isolated

parties which had advanced too far had to be withdrawn, he covered

their retirement with conspicuous skill and bravery.

No. 322 Corporal R. A. Mason, 3rd Australian Light Horse Regiment

(South Australia, Tasmania).

For conspicuous gallantry and resource between the 26th May and the

28th June 1915, near Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles), during the mining

operations. He invariably performed exceptionally good work, and

exhibited a complete disregard of danger. He took a leading part in

loading and tamping numerous mines, and was always ready to undertake

any work, however hazardous. He gave a splendid example of courage and

devotion to duty.

No. 280 Private A. C. B. Merrin, 5th Australian Infantry Battalion, 2nd

Australian Brigade (Victoria).

On 25th April 1915, and subsequently during operations on the

Gallipoli Peninsula, for exhibiting on many occasions the greatest

courage and coolness in carrying messages, helping wounded, and

bringing up food and water under heavy fire.

No. 1151 Corporal R. I. Moore, 3rd Australian Infantry Battalion (New

South Wales).

From 25th until 29th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe.

Commanded his section under heavy and continuous fire from snipers who

were within 30 yards of his trench. He displayed exceptional courage

in twice advancing alone about 20 yards, and on the second occasion he

accounted for five of the enemy.

No. 370 Private A. A. Morath, Australian Army Medical Corps (attached

6th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force) (Victoria).

For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty on the 8th May 1915,

and following days, north of Cape Helles (Dardanelles). In assisting

the wounded under constant heavy fire, Private Morath exhibited

a heroism beyond praise. Absolutely regardless of danger, he, in

company with another man, attended to the wounded, leading up the

stretcher-bearers, and dressing the severe cases in the fire-trenches,

even before they were completed. Not only was he instrumental in

saving many lives, but by his coolness and courage he set a splendid

example of devotion to duty, and gave the greatest encouragement to

all ranks.

Lance-Corporal C. R. Murfitt.

No. 315 Lance-Corporal H. Murray, 16th Australian Infantry Battalion

(South Australia).

For distinguished service on several occasions from 9th to 31st May

1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, when attached to the machine

gun section. During this period he exhibited exceptional courage,

energy, and skill, and inflicted severe losses on the enemy, he

himself being twice wounded.

No. 305 Private G. Pappas, 13th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(New South Wales).

For great gallantry on the 4th May 1915, near Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles).

He volunteered to go out and bring in a wounded man, under heavy

machine-gun fire, and succeeded in carrying him to a place of safety.

Private G. L. Peel.

Sapper C. R. Rankin.

No. 543 Private S. Ricketson, 5th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(Victoria).

For gallant conduct and great bravery on the 25th May 1915, at Gaba

Tepe (Dardanelles). When all his officers and non-commissioned

officers had been killed or wounded, he showed great coolness and

courage in rallying men under a very heavy fire, and his example

and devotion to duty exercised the greatest influence over the men,

and kept them steady under trying conditions. He also exhibited

conspicuous bravery in digging in the open, and under a heavy fire, a

shelter for a wounded officer.

No. 530 Private G. Robey, 9th Australian Infantry Battalion

(Queensland).

On 25th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for conspicuous

gallantry in swimming to a boat and bringing back into safety a

wounded comrade who was the only occupant. This was done under heavy

fire.

No. 1088 Corporal E. Robson, 4th Australian Infantry Battalion (New

South Wales).

On 1st May 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for distinguished

conduct in the command of a platoon, guiding and controlling the men

after the officer commanding the platoon had been wounded. Although

in an exposed position he personally carried up ammunition and freely

exposed himself.

No. 178 Private C. H. G. Rosser, 3rd Field Ambulance, Australian

Imperial Force (Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia,

Tasmania).

For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty on the 25th April 1915

and subsequent days, after the landing at Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles).

In company with another man, Private Rosser showed the greatest

bravery and resource in attending to the wounded. Totally regardless

of danger, he was for three consecutive days under a continuous and

heavy shell and rifle fire, dressing and collecting the wounded from

the most exposed positions. He allowed no personal risk or fatigue to

interfere with the performance of his duties, and his gallant conduct

and devotion offered a splendid example to all ranks.

Sergeant P. F. Ryan.

Corporal A. Sheppard.

Private W. E. Sing.

Corporal P. Smith.

Private T. B. Stanley.

No. 41 Staff Sergeant-Major A. Steele, 9th Australian Infantry

Battalion (Queensland).

From 25th to 29th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for

distinguished conduct in manning and maintaining his machine gun,

which he continued to work after the remainder of his section had been

killed or wounded.

Sergeant R. G. Stone.

Lance-Corporal J. Tallon.

No. 204 Corporal R. Tickner, 15th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(Queensland, Tasmania).

For conspicuous gallantry on the night of the 9th-10th May 1915, near

Gaba Tepe (Dardanelles). During a sortie from Quinn's Post, Corporal

Tickner, accompanied by another non-commissioned officer, advanced

with great coolness and courage past the first line of the enemy's

trenches to a tent some distance in the rear. They killed all the

occupants, and cut the telephone wires which connected it with the

first trenches, thus preventing communication from the rear.

No. 791 Private W. Upton, 13th Australian Infantry Battalion (New South

Wales).

On 25th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for great

bravery in bringing wounded into shelter, and again on 2nd May, after

being shot through the foot, in continuing to defend his trench until

again wounded.

Private J. C. Vaughan.

Private A. J. Vines.

Sergeant A. J. Wallish.

No. 456 Private J. C. Weatherill, 10th Australian Infantry Battalion

(South Australia).

On 25th April 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe, for

exceptionally good work in scouting and in an attack resulting in the

capture of two of the enemy's guns.

Corporal H. Webb.

No. 974 Sergeant M. Wilder, 9th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force

(Queensland).

For conspicuous gallantry on the 26th April 1915, near Gaba Tepe

(Dardanelles). Assisted by another non-commissioned officer, who was

subsequently killed, he carried a wounded man into a place of safety

under a very heavy fire. Later on, he was instrumental in collecting

stragglers, whom he led back into the firing-line.

Corporal J. Williams.

Corporal E. D. Wood.

No. 213 Private A. Wright, 15th Australian Infantry Battalion

(Queensland).

On the night of 2nd-3rd May 1915, during operations near Gaba Tepe,

for repeated instances of gallantry when acting as a scout and guide

to his unit.

Private E. Yazley.

APPENDIX II

MENTIONED IN DISPATCHES

DIVISIONAL ARTILLERY

Brigadier-General J. J. T. Hobbs, Western Australia.

Brigadier-General G. de L. Ryrie, M.P., 2nd Light Horse Brigade

(New South Wales).

Brigadier-General A. H. Russell, New Zealand.

INFANTRY BRIGADE

Lieut.-Colonel Esson, New Zealand.

Major C. H. Foot, D.A.Q.M.G., Australian Engineers.

Major E. J. H. Nicholson, G.S.O. (3).

Major Griffiths, Military Secretary.

Captain W. Smith, Provost-Marshal.

Sergeant R. Pennea, Military Police.

Corporal G. Little, Military Police.

Corporal W. Elliott, Military Police.

Corporal M. Hoy, Military Police.

Private G. Roach, Australian Field Artillery.

AUSTRALIAN ARTILLERY

Colonel G. J. Johnston, Brigadier 2nd Artillery Brigade (Victoria).

Colonel C. Rosenthal, 1st Artillery Brigade (Queensland).

Colonel S. Christian, 3rd Artillery Brigade (New South Wales).

Major A. Bessell-Browne, 8th Battery.

Major W. Burgess, 9th Battery.

Major O. Phillips, 4th Battery (Victoria).

Major G. H. M. King, 3rd Battery (New South Wales).

Major G. I. Stevenson, 6th Battery (Victoria).

Captain H. Lloyd, 1st Artillery Brigade.

Captain U. E. Parry-Okeden, Divisional Train.

Captain W. Hodgson, 5th Battery.

Lieutenant C. Clowes, 2nd Battery.

Lieutenant T. Playfair, 1st Battery.

Sergeant J. Braidwood.

Sergeant W. Wallis.

Corporal E. Coleman.

Corporal R. Gammon.

Bombardier N. M'Farlane.

Bombardier J. Benson.

Gunner E. Batnes.

Gunner H. Wilson.

Gunner E. Day.

AUSTRALIAN ENGINEERS

Major H. O. Clogstoun, R.E.

Captain H. Bachtold.

Lieutenant R. G. Hamilton (New South Wales).

Driver W. J. Davis.

Sappers G. Chisholm, H. Eggleton, S. Garrett, and

N. Hartbridge.

AUSTRALIAN LIGHT HORSE

~First Regiment (N.S.W.).~

Major H. V. Vernon.

Lieutenant G. H. L. Harris.

Trooper W. Varley.

~Third Regiment (S.A. and Tasmania).~

Lieut.-Colonel Rowell.

~Sixth Regiment (N.S.W.).~

Lieutenant G. Ferguson.

Sergeant S. Tooth.

Trooper R. Foster.

Trooper C. Fenner.

~Eighth Regiment (Victoria).~

Lieut.-Colonel A. H. White.

Sergeant Grenfell.

Trooper Sanderson.

~Ninth Regiment (Victoria and S.A.).~

Lieut.-Colonel Miell.

Lieut.-Colonel Reynell.

Sergeant H. Sullivan.

Sergeant Ashburner.

~Tenth Regiment (W.A.).~

Lieutenant Kidd.

Lieutenant Hugo Throssell, V.C.

Sergeant W. Henderson.

Lance-Corporal M'Gee.

Trooper T. Stanley.

INFANTRY.

~First Battalion (N.S.W.).~

Lieut.-Colonel A. J. Bennett.

Major W. Davidson.

Captain H. Jacobs.

Captain G. F. Wootten.

Lieutenant Buchanan.

Lieutenant Howell-Price.

Sergeant Barber.

Corporal Bint.

Lance-Corporal Davis.

Privates R. Cumming and C. Sharpe.

~Second Battalion (N.S.W.).~

Major Stevens.

Major Tebbuth.

Captain Concanon.

Privates S. Carpenter and E.

Roberts.

~Third Battalion (N.S.W.).~

Lieut.-Colonel R. H. Owen.

Captain Leer.

Captain Wilson.

Sergeant C. White.

Corporal J. Scott.

Privates Blackburn, Mulcahy,

Owens, and Hutton.

~Fourth Battalion (N.S.W.).~

Captain S. Milson.

Lieutenant Anderson.

Lieutenant Stacey.

Lieutenant Fanning.

Sergeant Steber.

Privates Kirby, Deacon, R. Mackenzie,

and Benson.

~Fifth Battalion (Victoria).~

Colonel D. S. Wanliss.

Lieutenant G. H. Capes.

Captain R. M. F. Hooper.

Sergeant-Major Marshall.

Sergeant Nesbit.

Privates Ricketson and M'Donnell.

~Sixth Battalion (Victoria).~

Lieut.-Colonel H. G. Bennett.

Major F. V. Hogan.

Privates Morath and Hitchcock.

~Seventh Battalion (Victoria).~

Captain S. M. de Ravin.

Captain S. Grills.

~Eighth Battalion (Victoria).~

Major G. Eberling.

Captain Sergeant.

~Ninth Battalion (Queensland).~

Lieut.-Colonel J. C. Robertson.

Sergeant Scrivener.

Privates Henry, Bailey, A. Campbell,

and Bruns.

~Tenth Battalion (S.A.).~

Major F. W. Hurcombe.

Major F. M. Lorenzo.

Captain C. Rumball.

Sergeant-Major Sawyer.

Sergeant-Major Henderson.

Sergeant Leane.

~Eleventh Battalion (W.A.).~

Major Drake Brockman.

Major J. H. Peck.

Captain A. E. J. Croly.

Captain Rockliff.

Captain S. H. Jackson.

Sergeant Pugsley.

Lance-Sergeant Wright.

Corporals Pride and Skuse.

Privates J. F. Wilson and M'Jannett.

~Twelfth Battalion (S.A., W.A., and Tasmania).~

Lieut.-Colonel E. H. Smith.

Lieutenant Patterson.

Sergeant Pearson.

Corporal Marshall.

Lance-Corporal Hart.

Privates C. Thomson and Turner.

~Thirteenth Battalion (N.S.W.).~

Private Currie.

~Fourteenth Battalion (Victoria).~

Lieut.-Colonel R. E. Courtney.

~Fifteenth Battalion (Queensland and Tasmania).~

Lieut.-Colonel J. H. Cannon.

Private Slack.

~Sixteenth Battalion (S.A. and W.A.).~

Lieut.-Colonel L. E. Tilney.

Sergeant Carr.

Lance-Corporal Davies.

AUSTRALIAN DIVISIONAL TRAIN

Lieut.-Colonel J. T. Marsh.

Lieutenant D. G. M'Hattie (New South Wales).

AUSTRALIAN ARMY MEDICAL CORPS

Colonel J. L. Beeston, 4th Field Ambulance.

Lieut.-Colonel H. W. Bryant, 1st Australian Stationary Hospital

(Victoria).

Captain R. W. Chambers (Victoria).

Captain H. K. Fry.

Sergeants Bryce, W. Gunn, and Hookway.

Corporal Faulkner.

Lance-Corporals Goode and G. Hill.

Privates Collis, M'Rae, Peel, Sawyer, Simpson, Vines, and Watts.

CHAPLAINS

Rev. F. W. Wray (Anglican), 4th Infantry Brigade.

Rev. Luxford.

MENTIONED IN GENERAL HAMILTON'S FINAL DISPATCH

STAFF

Lieut.-General Sir William Birdwood, Commanding Army Corps.

Major-General Sir J. H. Godley, Australian and New Zealand Division.

Brigadier-General H. G. Chauvel, C.M.G., 1st Light Horse Brigade.

Colonel Walker, 1st Australian Division.

Colonel Smyth, 1st Australian Infantry Brigade.

Brigadier-General F. Hughes, 2nd Australian Light Horse Brigade.

Brigadier-General J. Monash, 4th Australian Infantry Brigade.

Colonel Cunliffe-Owen, Army Corps Artillery.

Colonel J. J. T. Hobbs, V.D., 1st Australian Divisional Artillery.

Colonel J. M. Antill, C.B., Brigade-Major (after Commanding),

2nd Australian Light Horse Brigade.

Captain Powles.

Captain J. S. Anderson.

Captain G. A. Farr.

Captain C. Thomas.

Captain C. Cook.

Captain W. E. Henderson.

Captain Rose.

Lieutenant A. Rhodes.

Lieutenant Hindley.

Sergeant-Major Wann.

BRIDGING TRAIN

Lieut.-Commander Bracegirdle.

Lieut.-Commander Bond.

Warrant Officer Shepherd.

Petty Officer Beton.

Petty Officer Pender.

Seaman Harvey.

Seaman M'Carron.

1st DIVISIONAL ARTILLERY

Major O. F. Phillips.

Major U. L. H. Burgess.

Captain C. A. Callaghan.

Captain W. C. N. Waite.

Captain G. M'Laughlin.

Captain A. H. K. Jopp.

Lieutenant P. J. Ross, D.S.O.

Lieutenant S. E. Sinclair.

Sergeant-Major Stamens.

Corporal Cook.

Corporal Miller.

Corporal East.

Bombardier Mackinnon.

Bombardier Baynes.

Bombardier Dingwall.

Gunner Medihurst.

Gunner Hillbeck.

Gunner Carr.

Gunner J. Reid.

Gunner Brew.

Driver Younger.

ENGINEER COMPANIES

Major J. M. C. Corlette.

Major A. M. Martyn.

Captain R. J. Dyer.

Lieutenant J. H. Mirams.

Lieutenant G. G. S. Gordon.

Lieutenant R. G. Hamilton.

Second-Lieutenant H. Greenway.

Second-Lieutenant G. N. Croker.

Sergeant Graham.

Corporal Sheppard.

Corporal Ewart.

Corporal Wilson.

Corporal Elliott.

Corporal Lobb.

Corporal Jordon.

Corporal Climpson.

Sapper Townshend.

Sapper Vincent.

Sapper Batchelor.

Sapper Allison.

Sapper Kelly.

Private Jonas.

AUSTRALIAN LIGHT HORSE

~First Regiment (N.S.W.).~

Lieutenant G. Harris.

Corporal Collett.

Corporal Keys.

Privates Tancred, Barrow, Little,

A. Thompson, and Barnes.

~Second Regiment (Queensland).~

Major T. W. Glasgow, D.S.O.

~Fourth Regiment (Victoria).~

Corporal Forsyth.

Trooper Kerr.

~Fifth Regiment (Queensland).~

Major S. Midgley, D.S.O.

Private Sing.

~Sixth Regiment (N.S.W.).~

Captain G. C. Somerville.

Sergeant Ryan.

Trooper Paul.

~Seventh Regiment (N.S.W.).~

Corporal Curran.

~Eighth Regiment (Victoria).~

Lieutenant Wilson.

Corporal J. Anderson.

Trumpeter Lawry.

Trooper A'Beckett.

~Ninth Regiment (Victoria and S.A.).~

Lieutenant M'Donald.

Privates Morrison and Howell.

~Tenth Regiment (W.A.).~

Major Scott.

Captain Fry.

Sergeant Gollan.

Sergeant Foss.

Corporal M'Cleary.

Corporal Hamphire.

Trooper Roberts.

Trooper Firns.

Trooper M'Mahon.

Sergeant Howard.

Corporal Ketterer.

Corporal Benporath.

Privates Howland, G. Brown,

Foster and Anear.

INFANTRY

~First Battalion (N.S.W.).~

Captain C. D. Sasse, D.S.O.

Lieutenant P. S. Woodforde.

Lieutenant G. Steen.

Lieutenant H. Wells.

Lieutenant R. T. Ramsay.

Sergeant-Major Norris.

Sergeant Sparkes.

Sergeant Wicks.

Privates Kelly, Allen, Ramsay, and

Judd.

~Second Battalion (N.S.W.).~

Lieut.-Colonel R. Scobie.

Major W. E. H. Cass.

Major L. J. Morshead.

Captain J. H. F. Pain.

Captain G. S. Cook.

Lieutenant C. A. Whyte.

Sergeant-Major Lowans.

Sergeant Host.

Corporal M'Elloy.

Privates A. Robertson, Townsend,

Nichol, Montgomery, and Gannemy.

~Third Battalion (N.S.W.).~