_Natural Philosophers._
Bacon 78
Buffon 81
Copernicus 70
Cuvier 64
Davy 51
Kepler 60
Laplace 77
Leibnitz 70
Newton 84
Whiston 95
Euler 76
Franklin 85
Galileo 78
Halley 86
Herschel 84
Lalande 75
Lewenhoeck 91
Linnaeus 72
Tycho Brahe 75
Wollaston 62
_Poets._
Ariosto 59
Byron 37
Collins 56
Cowper 69
Dryden 70
Gray 57
Milton 66
Pope 56
Spenser 46
Thomson 48
Burns 38
Camoens 55
Cowley 49
Dante 56
Goldsmith 44
Metastasio 84
Petrarch 68
Shenstone 50
Tasso 52
Young 84
_Moral Philosophers._
Bacon 65
Berkeley 79
Condillac 65
Diderot 71
Fitche 52
Helvetius 57
Hume 65
Kaimes 86
Malebranche 77
Stewart 75
Bayle 59
Condorcet 51
Descartes 54
Ferguson 92
Hartley 52
Hobbes 91
Kant 80
Locke 72
Reid 86
St. Lambert 88
_Dramatists._
Alfieri 55
Goethe 82
Marlow 32
Racine 60
Shakspeare 52
Congreve 59
Crebillon 89
Farquhar 30
B. Jonson 63
Moliere 53
Corneille 78
Massinger 55
Otway 34
Schiller 46
Voltaire 84
Colman 61
Cumberland 80
Goldoni 85
De Vega 73
Murphy 78
_Authors on Law and Jurisprudence._
Bentham 85
Butler 83
Erskine 73
Gifford 48
Hale 68
Littleton 75
Montesquieu 66
Romilly 61
Tenterden 78
Vatel 53
Blackstone 57
Coke 85
Filangieri 36
Grotius 63
Holt 68
Mansfield 88
Redesdale 82
Rolle 68
Thurlow 74
Wilmot 83
_Miscellaneous and Novel Writers._
Cervantes 70
Scott 62
Smollett 51
Defoe 70
Richardson 72
Johnson 75
Warton 78
Tickell 54
Bathurst 84
Hawkesworth 59
Le Sage 80
Fielding 47
Rabelais 70
Ratcliffe 60
Sterne 56
Addison 48
Steele 59
Montaigne 60
Thornton 44
Hazlitt 58
_Authors on Revealed Religion._
Baxter 76
J. Butler 60
Calvin 56
Doddridge 54
J. Knox 67
Luther 63
Melancthon 64
Porteus 77
Sherlock 67
Whitefield 56
Bellarmine 84
Bossuet 77
Chillingworth 43
G. Fox 67
Lowth 77
Massillon 79
Paley 63
Priestley 71
Wesley 88
Wycliffe 61
_Authors on Natural Religion._
Annet 55
Cardan 75
Sir W. Drummond 68
N. Freret 61
Lord Herbert 68
St. Pierre 77
Tindal 75
Vannini 34
Bolingbroke 79
Chubb 65
Dupuis 67
Gibbon 58
Spinosa 45
Shaftesbury 42
Toland 53
Volney 66
_Medical Authors._
J. Brown 54
Cullen 78
Fordyce 67
Gall 71
Harvey 81
J. Hoffman 83
W. Hunter 66
M. Good 64
Pinel 84
Tissot 70
Corvisart 66
Darwin 72
Fothergill 69
J. Gregory 48
Heberden 92
Hunter 65
Jenner 75
Paracelsus 43
Sydenham 66
T. Willis 54
_Philologists._
Bentley 81
Casaubon 55
Hartzheim 70
Heyne 84
Parr 80
Pighius 84
Raphelengius 59
J. J. Scaliger 69
H. Stephens 71
Vossius 73
Burton 64
Cheke 44
J. Harman 77
Lipsius 60
Pauw 61
Porson 50
Salmatius 66
Sigonius 60
Sylburgius 51
Wolfius 64
_Artists._
Bandinelle 72
Canova 65
Flaxman 71
Giotto 60
San Sovino 91
A. Caracci 49
David 76
Raphael 37
Salvator Rosa 58
P. Veronese 56
Bernini 82
Donatello 83
Ghiberti 64
M. Angelo 96
Verocchico 56
Claude 82
Guido 67
Reynolds 69
Titian 96
West 82
_Musical Composers._
Arne 68
Beethoven 57
Bull 41
Corelli 60
Greby 72
Haydn 77
Kerser 62
Mosart 36
Piccini 71
Scarlatti 78
Bach 66
Burney 88
Cimarosa 41
Gluck 75
Handel 75
Kalkbrenner 51
Martini 78
Paesiello 75
Porpore 78
Weber 40
To this list we may add the following instances of longevity from the late
publication of Mr. Farren:
Adling 93
Alcock 91
Bernabel 89
Celdara 90
Canpra 84
Casipini 90
Cervetti 101
Child 90
Creighton 97
Eichole 80
Genimani 96
Gibbons 93
Hasse 90
Hempel 86
Hesse 91
Leveridge 90
Lopez 103
Pittoni 90
Reike 100
Sala 99
Schell 87
Schramm 82
Telleman 86
F. Turner 99
W. Turner 88
Wagennell 98
In regard to the mortality of musicians, we give with much pleasure the
following extract from the same work:
"The ages of 468 persons at death, were all that could be obtained from a
biography of musicians; of these, 109 born since the year 1740 are
excluded, because some of their cotemporaries were yet living at the date
of such biography, also 41 more are excluded as having died under 50 years
of age. There remain then, the ages at death of 318 persons on which the
present observation is made.
"From the ages of 50 years to the end of life, the _apparent_ rate of
mortality among musicians, appears very nearly with the lowest known rate,
or that which prevails in villages, and it is scarcely probable that such
rate should so agree without being the true one. For a musician to belong
to the last class of human life, is very credible, when it is considered
that eminence can only be attained by close mental devotion to an exalted
science, and unremitting application to its practical acquirement, which
abstraction would interrupt and intemperance destroy.
"The mean age of musicians, born _since_ 1690, is 67-3/4 years, or two
years greater than those born before 1690, from which it might be
conveniently concluded, that the moderns were longer lived than the
ancients. The case is precisely the reverse, at least for ages above 50,
to which alone the materials are applicable. The expectation of life at
the age of 60 of the ancients were nearly 15 years, of the modern
musicians 13-1/2. The materials (limited as they are) from which these
conclusions are drawn, support the doctrine, that the mortality of the
moderns is less at middle, but greater at advanced age, than the mortality
of the ancients."
Dr. Caspar, of Berlin, in his late very interesting work on the duration
of human life, has given the following conclusions:
Medium longevity.
Clergymen 65
Merchants 62
Clerks 61
Farmers 61
Military men 59
Lawyers 58
Artists 57
Medical men 56
The results of the other classes, with respect to their united ages, and
the average of each, are--
Average.
Moral philosophers united ages 1417 70
Sculptors and painters 1412 70
Authors on law and jurisprudence 1394 69
Medical authors united ages 1368 68
Authors on revealed religion 1350 67
Philologists 1323 66
Musical composers 1284 64
Novelists and miscellaneous authors 1257 62-1/2
Dramatists 1249 62
Authors on natural religion 1245 62
Poets 1144 57
This calculation was made most probably in Prussia.
Dr. Caspar's view of longevity are not only highly interesting but, if
correct, may lead to many important conclusions. He maintains that--
1. The female sex enjoys, at every period or epoch of life, except at
puberty, at which epoch the mortality is greater among young females--a
greater longevity than the male sex.
2. Pregnancy and labour occasion, indeed, a considerable loss of life, but
this loss disappears or is lost in the general mass.
3. The so-called climacteric periods of life do not seem to have any
influence on the longevity of either sex.
4. The medium duration of life at this present time (1835), is in Russia,
about 21 years; in Prussia, 29; in Switzerland, 34; in France, 35; in
Belgium, 36; and in England, 38 years.
5. The medium duration of life has, in recent times, increased very
greatly in most cities of Europe.
6. In reference to the influence of professional occupations in life, it
seems that clergymen are on the whole, the longest, and medical men are
the shortest livers. Military men are nearly between the two extremes, but
yet, proportionably they more frequently than others reach very advanced
years.
7. The mortality is very generally greater in manufacturing than in
agricultural districts.