HOW THE KING BROKE THE BOND.
Little honour it won thee
For smooth was thy greeting;
Thou wast bid to the feast,
In the hall was your meeting.
In the hall was your meeting,
But thou stained it with slaughter;
When there's blood on the hearth,
Who can wash it with water?
FROM THE GAELIC.
Veiling his just indignation under a bland exterior, King James II.
received the turbulent earl kindly and with condescension; and after
some amicable expostulations on the subject of the men he had so
lawlessly put to death in Thrave and elsewhere--the ravages he had
committed upon the lands of his enemies--the towns he had burned and
the castles he had stormed, all seemed to become cordiality between him
and his much-too-powerful subject.
Of these startling acts they conversed as quietly and easily as modern
men may do of an election, a bill before parliament, or any ordinary
and everyday affair; yet they were dangerous topics to comment upon
at such a time, for by the king's side were still the Lord Chancellor
Crichton, Sir Alexander Livingstone of Callender, the Lord Glammis,
Sir Patrick Gray, and others; while near Douglas were the Earls of
Crawford, Murray, and Ormond, with Pompherston, Glendoning, and others,
all, more or less, involved personally; but now, on looking round, the
earl missed the powerful chief of the house of Hamilton.
"Is not Cadzow here?" he asked, changing colour.
"He remains in the town," said Sir Alexander Livingstone with a smile
which there was no analyzing; "but if it please you, lord earl, I shall
send him a message."
"Do so, Laird of Callender," replied the earl, "and for the first time
in my life I shall thank you."
"We shall see," replied Livingstone as he withdrew to an antechamber,
where he disengaged the gold spur from his right heel, and giving it to
James's page, the Master of Crichton bade him "see the Lord Hamilton,
of Cadzow, and give him this spur, with a kinsman's best wishes for its
speedy use."
The spur was duly delivered--the hint was accepted, and the brawl at
the gate seemed explained; for within an hour, Hamilton and _his_
followers were far on the road to Clydesdale and the castle of Cadzow.
At the hour of seven, the king, Douglas, and their retinue sat down
to a banquet, or rere-supper, in the castle-hall. It was sumptuous,
and what it lacked in genuine hilarity was made up in rude and antique
splendour. At that banquet friends and foes seemed united for the
time--though like Scotsmen in general, the moment it was over, and
while the hall yet echoed with the flourish of trumpets as the king
rose, they drew into cliques and coteries, who talked and scowled at
each other. The king, Crichton, and Livingstone earnestly desired a
compromise and coalition with Douglas.
On one hand the latter wished to scare them by a display of his power,
and on the other to fathom their ulterior plans without revealing his
own; thus during the banquet he carefully avoided the perilous subject
of his rebellious _bond_.
Gray, as he leaned on his partizan, at the back of the king's chair,
kept the visor of his helmet half closed, to conceal the emotions of
his heart, which his face might have betrayed. Not even the image of
Murielle, pale, gentle, and sad-eyed, could soften at that time the
bitterness that burned within him. His long separation from her; his
wounds inflicted by the hands of the earl and his followers; his many
wrongs; the snares of Achanna; the long captivity in the Flemish castle
of Bommel; his kinsman's murder, and the terrors of that desperate
flight from Thrave, all swelled up like a flood of fiery thoughts
within him, and he actually conceived the idea of smiting Douglas on
the face with his iron glove in the king's presence, and challenging
him to mortal combat in the hall.
Night had set in--a dark and gusty night of February, when the wind
howled loudly and drearily round the towers of Stirling, and when
the moon cast its fitful gleams with the shadows of the fast-flying
clouds, on the wide vale of Forth, and the mighty masses of the Ochil
Mountains. The pages were lighting the sconces and chandeliers in the
great hall, while the yeomen of the cellars were supplying the guests
with more wine, when James, impatient to broach the subject of the
bond, privately invited the earl to accompany him into a closet, which
is still shown in the north-western corner of the castle--the same
quarter of the royal residence in which he first saw the light. In
golden letters, on its cornice, may yet be seen his name:
Jacobus II. Rex Scottorum.
Its walls were then covered with gilded Spanish leather; a fire of
perfumed wood burned cheerfully on the hearth; but the poker and tongs,
though each surmounted by an imperial crown, were chained to the jambs,
as if in the house of a simple citizen.
After trimming the lights, the pages, on a sign from the king, withdrew
backwards, bowing at every step, and he was left with the earl, who
found himself alone, or unattended, and in the closet were the Lords
Crichton, Glammis, Sir Patrick Gray, a gentleman of the bedchamber,
named Sir Simon Glendinning, and one or two others, who were the chosen
friends of James.
Aware that their sovereign was about to take the earl calmly but
severely to task, they all drew somewhat apart, and Gray, with
soldier-like instinct, leaned in silence on his partizan near the door.
On perceiving these little movements, a smile of disdain crossed the
earl's swarthy face, and he played significantly with his jewelled
dagger.
James resumed the subject of his general conduct, and if Master David
Hume of Godscroft, the historian of the house of Douglas, can be
credited, the earl answered submissively enough, and craved the royal
pardon, often alleging that the slaughter of Sir Herbert Herries of
Teregles, Sir Thomas MacLellan of Bombie, and others, were _not_ acts
against the crown, but lawful raids against his own personal enemies.
"But how came you to slay the Gudeman of my mills at Carluke?" asked
the king."----Carluke--ha! ha!"
"The death of a good man is no laughing matter," said James, with a
frown on his handsome face.
"He was accused of having weeds on his land."
"Weeds!" was the perplexed rejoinder.
"Yes, your highness--weeds. It was statute and ordained by Alexander
II., that he who poisoneth the king's lands with weeds, especially the
corn marigold, was a traitor."
"By my faith! that should make clean garden-work in the realm of
Scotland," said the old chancellor, bitterly; "but the law says, that
he who hath a plant of this kind found on his lands may be fined a
sheep, or the value thereof, at the goul-court of the baron; whereas
the miller died, or was found murdered--hewn to pieces by Jethart axes,
within the Holy Gyrth of Lesmahago--a crime against the Church as well
as State."
"I came not here to talk of peasant carles and their modes of dying,"
said Douglas, with a terrible frown at Crichton, his hatred for whom
he cared not to conceal; "and since when, my lord chancellor, has a
slaughter, committed in the form of _Raid_, been termed a _murder_ in
Scotland?"
"Enough about the poor miller," resumed the king, with growing
severity; "my lord, I have another complaint; you have lawlessly
separated a faithful subject, the captain of our guard, from his wedded
wife, and thus have torn asunder, for many long years, those whom your
own father-confessor united before the altar with every due solemnity."
"I hope to separate them yet more surely," replied the earl, with a
glance of unutterable hate at Gray.
"This, in my presence?" exclaimed the king; "thou heart of iron!"
"In any man's presence, and to any man who mars or meddles with my
domestic affairs; but I beseech your majesty to change the ungracious
subject."
"Be it so," replied the king, with a gentleness he was very far from
feeling, as his temper was fiery in the extreme. "All these are matters
for after consideration; but what say you to that most treasonable
confederation, into which you have entered with the earls of Crawford,
Ormond, Ross, the lords Hamilton, Balvenie, and many others? By that
bond you seek to array one half my kingdom against me--a kingdom over
which my dynasty has ruled in strength for so many generations."
"So much the worse," sneered the insolent peer; "for all dynasties
begin in strength and end in weakness."
"I pledge my royal word," continued the king, trembling with suppressed
passion, "that when I first heard of your league, and of its terrible
tenor, I could scarcely give it credence."----"Possibly, your
grace--but what then?"
"Simply, that bond must be broken."
"Must!" reiterated the earl, incredulously.
"Yes must, and _shall_, by the soul of St. Andrew! No such leagues can
be tolerated in a realm, without the express sanction of its sovereign;
and by abandoning this confederacy, Douglas, you will remove every
suspicion from my mind."----"Suspicion!--of what?"
"Secret motives, whose aim we cannot see."
"Sire!" began Douglas, loftily, but paused.
"Notwithstanding all that has passed, I am unwilling to believe the
evil which men impute to you," said James, with a most conciliating
manner; "but you must expect neither favour nor mercy from me if you
continue to show such examples to my people, and teach them to live as
if there were neither law nor justice in the kingdom."
Douglas heard this bold remonstrance (in which we follow the words of
history) with surprise; but recovering himself, replied plausibly; and
in the pauses of this conference the sounds of laughter, hilarity, and
the clinking of cups and goblets came from the adjoining hall, with the
notes of the harps in the gallery.
"Your Majesty's favour I shall certainly endeavour to preserve," said
the earl. "You are aware that I have the honour to command many who
obey me faithfully and fearlessly, and I trust you are also aware
that I know well how to render dutiful obedience to you. None of your
subjects in Scotland possess higher rank or greater power than I, the
Earl of Douglas, do; nor is there one who will more freely peril life
and fortune in defence of your majesty's throne and honour. But,"
he added, suddenly relinquishing his adopted suavity, and glancing
malignantly at Crichton, Gray, and others; "_those_ who lay snares for
my life--even as they snared my kinsmen in 1440--are now your majesty's
constant attendants, friends, and advisers, so that I dare not trust
myself in your royal presence, without a letter of safe conduct, as if
I were an Englishman, or any other subject of a foreign king."
"And without an army of followers," added the chancellor, who,
remembering the ambush in which he had so nearly perished before his
own gate, was confounded by the stolid effrontery of his enemy.
"But the bond," said the king; "the bond, my lord!"
"As for that league of mutual friendship, formed by certain nobles and
myself, I can assure your majesty, that, for any purpose which pleased
us, we should adhere together quite well _without_ its existence."
"Did friendship alone produce the bond?" asked James with an eagle
glance in his keen hazel eyes.
"No--we were driven to seal and sign it,--not with intent to attack our
enemies, but to defend ourselves against them."
"Lord Earl," said the king, gravely, "deeds, not words, evince the
affection and submission of a subject; and there can be no greater
security for him, than the justly administered laws of the realm.
Such men as you, my lord of Douglas, have ever raised those factions
which have subverted the authority of your kings and the laws of your
country; and now I am resolved to tolerate no subjects of any rank or
condition who dare to form leagues, offensive and defensive, against
all persons."
"My ancestors----" began the earl furiously.
"Oh, my lord," said James; "what is all your mad pride of ancestry,
when compared----"
"With yours, your majesty would say!"
"No," replied the king, with a bitter smile, while growing pale with
rage.
"What then?"----"With _personal worth_."
The daring Douglas gave his young monarch a glance of profound disdain;
and during this species of altercation, it was with difficulty that
Crichton, Gray, Glammis, and Sir Simon Glendinning restrained the
desire for falling on the earl sword in hand. "Proceed," said the
latter with a sigh of mock resignation.
"The objects of your bond are to disclaim all rule, to do what you
please, to commit treason, and by your own swords to justify your
ultimate views, until you rush upon the throne itself. So I, as a king,
whose power comes direct from God and the people, demand that this most
dangerous league, with Ross, with Crawford, Ormond, and Balvenie, be
instantly broken!"
"The bond was formed with the mutual consent of many; and unless they
meet for consultation, which they may do on _a day's notice_, it cannot
be renounced without dishonour by any one of us."
James, who knew their boast, that "on a day's notice" they could array
forty thousand men in their helmets against him, gave the crafty peer
a withering glance as he replied, "My lord, the first example of
renunciation shall be set by _you_. No man--not even though earl of
Douglas and lord of Galloway--dare disclaim my authority, and you shall
not stir a single pace from this chamber until, in presence of these
loyal lords and gentlemen, you retract your adherence to this treason."
"Your grace must remember that I came hither upon the public assurance
and letters of safe conduct."
"No public letter can protect a man from the punishment due to private
treason!"
Then, says history, "as this last reply of James implied a threat
of personal violence, the native pride of Douglas betrayed him
into the most imprudent passion. He broke into a torrent of
reproaches, upbraiding the king for depriving him of the office of
lieutenant-general of the kingdom, declared that he cared little for
the name of treason, with which his conduct had been branded; that, as
to his confederacy with the earls of Ross and Crawford, he had it not
in his own power to dissolve it, and that if he had, he would be sorry
to offend his best friends to gratify _the boyish caprices_ of a king.
James, naturally fiery and impetuous, became furious with rage at this
rude defiance, uttered in his own palace by one whom he regarded as
his enemy." He drew his dagger, and, animated by a gust of temper far
beyond his control, exclaimed, "False traitor! if thou wilt not break
the bond, THIS SHALL!"
With these words he drove the weapon into the earl's breast--the keen
and glittering blade passing between his cuirass and the gold espalette
at his left armpit. Choking in blood, the fierce and fearless earl
fell back for an instant. Then, maddened by pain, and perhaps by the
prospect of immediate death, he unsheathed his own poniard, and was
rushing upon James, when--as we are told by Buchanan--Gray interposed
and struck him down by a blow on the head with his partisan. "This for
MacLellan!" he exclaimed, in a hoarse voice.
"Villain!" sighed the earl, as he sank on the rush-covered floor, and
struggled vainly to rise again.
"I struck but to save my king, lord earl," said Gray, bending over him,
"and for no private wrong of my own, nathless my words, so Heaven be my
judge! but say, shall Murielle, my wife, be surrendered to me?"
The earl gave Gray a ghastly smile as the blood flowed darkly over his
bright armour, and a livid pallor overspread his swarthy face.
"Speak, I conjure you," urged Gray; "speak, ere it be too
late--Murielle--"
"Shall never be thine," muttered the dying earl, with quivering
lips and uncertain accents; "for when this news reaches Thrave,
Achanna--James Achanna--has--has my orders--orders to--to----"
"What?" implored Gray, bending low his ear; "what?"----"_To strangle
her!_"
These terrible words were scarcely uttered, when many who were the
earl's enemies rushed in with their swords and daggers, and, holding
back the king, Gray, Crichton, and Glendinning, who--now that their
first gust of fury was over, would have saved him--speedily ended his
life by the infliction of six-and-twenty wounds.
They then opened the window, and flung the yet warm and sorely mangled
corpse of that mighty earl, who was the rival of his king, into the
nether baillerie of the castle; and from the terrible deed of that
night of Shrove Tuesday, the 20th of February, the apartment in which
it took place is still named the "Douglas Room."
* * * * *
As a sequel to it, the Edinburgh newspapers of the 14th of October,
1797, have the following paragraph:--
"On Thursday se'nnight, as some masons were digging a foundation in
Stirling Castle, in a garden adjacent to the magazine, they found
a human skeleton, about eight yards from the window over which the
earl of Douglas was thrown, after he was stabbed by King James II.
There is no doubt that they were his remains, as it is certain that he
was buried in that garden, and but a little distance from the closet
window."