Wisdom is precisely what we all need and desire, but the bitter
self-seeking partisans just described “do not cherish the truth except
as a possession of their own, or a missile of their own” (Hort). “This
wisdom,” claimed by the pompous bigots in verse 14, can only be so
described in terms of courtesy or, more exactly, of irony. It is only
wisdom so-called and is real folly. It is at best worldly wisdom,
“earthly,” not merely in the sense of taking place on earth rather than
in heaven (John 3:12) but with the earthly horizon and outlook as
opposed to the heavenly, like those who mind earthly things (Phil.
3:19). Such a wisdom passes for “the wisdom of this world” (1 Cor. 1:20;
3:19) but is distinctly not “God’s wisdom,” “a wisdom not of this world”
(1 Cor. 2:6 f.).
“This wisdom” is not merely earthly but does not come down from above,
more exactly, “is not of a kind that cometh down” (Hort)—not such a
wisdom, indeed, as God gives (James 1:5). It has the smell of earth in
the evil sense of that term. It is not from above but in reality from
below. Jesus said to the Pharisees: “Ye are from beneath; I am from
above: ye are of this world; I am not of this world” (John 8:23). The
antithesis is complete both in origin and spirit. The axioms of the
selfish, like “look out for Number One,” are the wisdom of the devil:
“All that a man hath will he give for his life” (Job 2:4).
This selfish wisdom is merely that of the natural man, not a mark of the
regenerate spirit. There is no single English word that properly renders
this word. “Psychic” transliterates it but does not translate it.
“Sensual” makes it too much a matter of the body, as does “fleshly,”
like the Vulgate _animalis_. It does not appear in the Septuagint and
only six times in the New Testament (James 3:15; Jude 19; 1 Cor. 2:14;
15:44, 46). The broad distinction between soul and body or mind and body
(dichotomy) is not so hard to grasp, but the threefold division
(trichotomy) into spirit, soul, and body, as in 1 Thessalonians 5:23,
seems to place the psyche below the pneuma.[81]
It seems clear from 1 Corinthians 2:14 that the spiritual man is the
regenerate man, while the natural man is the unregenerate man in his
unsaved state of sin. So here, therefore, this earthly wisdom is that of
the unregenerate man; it is not sanctified wisdom. He may not be carnal,
the slave of the animal passions, but merely coldly unspiritual. Such a
wisdom does not reach the higher levels of the man’s nature.
But it is still worse. Such a wisdom is demoniacal, devilish
(_diabolica_, Vulgate), “in that it raised up the very devil in the
hearts of both opposer and opposed” (Oesterley). It is wisdom such as
that which demons have (Bengel), not such as God gives (1:5). It is the
wisdom of those who do the will of the flesh (Eph. 2:2 f.), who follow
the teaching of demons (1 Tim. 4:1). One is reminded of the words of
Jesus in John 8:44: “Ye are of your father the devil.” “Thus the wisdom
shared by demons answers to the faith shared by demons of 2:19” (Hort),
the tongue set on fire by hell (3:6).
It is indeed a keen knowledge of human nature that James here reveals,
but it is a sad indictment all the same. It reads like nature in the
rough, red in tooth and claw, the law of the jungle, not the law of
grace. It is Nietzsche’s superman, not the love that serves, that came
to minister and not to be ministered unto. The might of right is not
understood by those who hold that might is right. There is a new
paganism today in Berlin, in Paris, in London, in New York. It is very
subtle and very scornful of the pity of Jesus.
Red blood is a good thing, to be sure, so be it that it courses through
a clean heart. The survival of the fittest is the law of nature, but
fittest for what? The law of the wolves is to turn and devour the wolf
that falls in the chase. The philosophy of Nietzsche is a bit more
brutal in its plainness of speech than the wisdom of the world usually
puts it. But even so, its demoniacal character stands out more sharply.
“I want; therefore, I have the right to get.” This is the policy of
aggression on the part of nations and individuals, of rogues and
rapists, of grafters and white-slavers, of bank-looters and oppressors
of labor.
The further comment of James elucidates his point: “For where jealousy
and faction are (v. 14), there is confusion and every vile deed.”
Jealousy and faction come from the devil. He sows suspicion in the
churches, in the midst of families, in the hearts of those who let him
in. James had already (3:8) accused the tongue of being a restless evil
and (1:8) had spoken of the unstable man. God is not the God of
confusion but of peace (1 Cor. 14:33), so that the factions in the
churches cannot claim God as supporting them, any more than nations at
war have the right to make flippant claims that God is on their side in
a conflict.
Oesterley has a fine description of the spirit of the professional
controversialist: “Acute argument, subtle distinctions, clever
controversial methods which took small account of truth so long as a
temporary point was gained, skilful dialectics, bitter sarcasms, the
more enjoyed and triumphed in if the poisonous shaft came home and
rankled in the breast of the opponent—in short, all those tricks of the
unscrupulous controversialist, which are none the less contemptible for
being clever—this was wisdom of a certain kind.” But in reality it left
the way open for “every vile deed,” for the word here for “vile” means
worthless, not immoral.
In the realm of morals what is merely indifferent soon gets to be bad.
The Vulgate puts it _omne opus pravum_. So in John 3:20 we read: “For
every one that doeth evil hateth the light.” Bugs and bats hate the
light. There is a toboggan slide in sin. The easy way is the evil way.
See per contra James 1:17. Anarchy brings moral chaos (Plummer) to the
soul as to nations. The wiseacres of the world play havoc with the souls
and bodies of men who follow their lead to hell. In every town there is
a bunch of men who cling together in their evil life and profess a
wisdom superior to that of the gospel. They know it is a lie, but they
comfort each other and are too proud to break away from the gang. But
the end will come. There are no happy old men save those that are
Christians.