lime and four pounds of common soda. When cold, it should be carefully
dipped out, leaving the dregs of the lime at the bottom of the vessel, and
it is then fit for immediate application. Cost, about two cents per
gallon.
A GOOD DRYER.
A good dryer for printers' use is made by taking a small quantity of
perfectly dry acetate of lead or borate of manganese in impalpable powder
will hasten the drying of the ink. It is essential that it should be
thoroughly incorporated with the ink by trituration in a mortar.
A STRONG LYE.
A very strong printers' lye may be made as follows:--Take of table salt, 2
oz.; unslacked lime, 2 lb., and bruised Scotch washing soda, 2 lb. Mix
together in three gallons of water, stirring frequently until the
ingredients are dissolved, when the lye will be ready for use. This is a
powerful mixture, and will wash off almost any color.
EFFECT OF PETROLEUM OIL ON WOOD TYPE.
Although petroleum oil is a highly useful fluid for cleansing wood letter
or wood-cuts, the printer should be cautioned that it is highly
detrimental to type and stereoplate. While it has no effect in opening the
pores of the wood, but on the contrary, hardens the surface, rendering the
face peculiarly smooth, it corrodes or rots the metal, and leaves a white
powder on the face, which, although it may be removed with a brush, shows
that the type has been injured. Besides this, petroleum is highly
dangerous on account of its inflammability. It cannot be extinguished by
water.
A BRONZE OR CHANGEABLE HUE.
A bronze or changeable hue may be given to inks with the following
mixture:--Gum shellac, 1-1/2 lb., dissolved in one gallon of 95 per cent
alcohol or Cologne spirits for 24 hours. Then add fourteen ounces aniline
red. Let it stand for a few hours longer, when it will be ready for use.
When added to a good blue, black, or other dark inks, it gives them a rich
hue. The quantity used must be very carefully apportioned.
In mixing the materials, add the dark color sparingly at first, for it is
easier to add more, if necessary, than to take away, as in making a dark
color lighter, you increase its bulk considerably.
GOLD LEAF PRINTING.
Gold leaf printing requires much more care than bronze printing, but if
properly managed will be found to be a great improvement. Ink should be
made of chrome yellow, mixed with Venice turpentine, virgin wax and
varnish. Cut the gold leaf into slips a shade wider than the lines it is
to cover, ink the form in the usual way, and pull a sheet; then lay on the
gold leaf with no great harm. Some colors will not keep at all, and
others deposit at the bottom of the can almost all their solid
ingredients. It is not easy to alter this, but colza oil will at least
prevent the surface skinning over.
TO PREVENT COLORED INKS FROM BECOMING HARD.
Red and some other colored inks are often found to become so hard in a few
weeks after the can has been opened that the knife can scarcely be got
into them, and they cannot be got to work at all. Oil, varnish and
turpentine are of no use in such a case; the remedy is paraffine oil mixed
well up with the old ink. Many prefer paraffine oil rather than boiled oil
or turps for thinning down both black and colored inks.
TO KEEP COLORED INKS FROM SKINNING.
Colored inks can be kept from "skinning" by pouring a little oil or water
on the top and closing the can tightly.
HOW TO REMOVE COLORED INKS.
Benzine is a powerful chemical preparation which may be used to remove
colored inks when lye and turpentine fail. It should, however, not be used
after dark, as it is very inflammable, and it should be kept out of doors
if possible.
A VARNISH FOR COLOR PRINTS.
To make a varnish for colored prints, etc., take of Canada balsam, 1
ounce; spirits of turpentine, 2 ounces, and mix well together. The print
or drawing should first be sized with a solution of isinglass in water,
and when this has dried the varnish above named should be applied with a
camel's hair brush.
REPAIRING BATTERED WOOD TYPE.
Wood type when battered may be repaired by removing the damaged part with
a sharp pointed knife, and fill in with beeswax or gutta-percha.
INKING SURFACES FOR COLOR WORK.
The best inking surfaces or slabs for color work at press or machine are
porcelain, litho stone, marble or slab. Metals are injurious to colored
inks--even polished iron surfaces give a dullness to bright colors.
HOW TO PRESERVE COLORED INKS.
If it is necessary to keep colored inks, the best way of preserving them
so that they shall be workable after standing some time is to pour a
little colza oil on the top, and securely close the vessel containing
them. This oil will not generally rob the ink of any of its color, and
even if it is not all poured off afterwards, its presence can do a piece
of cotton wool; when dry, it may be washed in the same way as bronze.
Rolling afterward will improve it very much.
HOW TO BRIGHTEN COMMON QUALITIES OF COLORED INKS.
Common qualities of colored inks may be brightened by using the whites of
fresh eggs, but they must be applied a little at a time, as they dry very
hard and are apt to take away the suction of rollers if used for any
lengthend period.
PRINTERS' VARNISH.
For fine work, a little Canada balsam of the consistency of honey makes a
good varnish of great purity. The coarser but similar Venice turpentine
may also be used with effect where time is precious and purity of tint not
indispensable. A little soft soap may be added to the Venice turpentine.
If the work be coarse and varnish not at hand, a little oak varnish and
soft soap form a good substitute.
TO PREVENT OFF-SETTING.
Setting off may be prevented by slightly greasing or oiling a sheet which
may be placed on the tympan if in press work, or the cylinder if at a
machine. This will answer for several thousands without requiring to be
replaced.
A HARDENING GLOSS FOR INKS.
A hardening gloss for inks may be made by dissolving gum arabic in alcohol
or a weak solution of oxalic acid. This mixture should be used in small
quantities, and mixed with the ink while it is being consumed.
A MODELING MATERIAL.
Some pretty effects can be produced by the use of a composition made by
thoroughly mixing rice flour with cold water, and allowing it to gently
simmer over the fire until a delicate and durable cement results. When
made of the consistency of plastic clay, models, busts, etc., may be
formed, and the articles when dry resemble white marble, and will take a
high polish, being very durable. Any coloring matter may be used at
pleasure.
LEAF COPYING.
Take a piece of thin muslin and wrap it tightly round a ball of cotton
wool as big as an orange. This forms a dabber, and should have something
to hold it by. Then squeeze on to the corner of a half-sheet of foolscap a
little color from a tube of oil paint. Take up a very little color on the
dabber, and work it about on the center of the paper for some time, till
the dabber is evenly covered with a thin coating. A little oil can be used
to dilute or moisten the color if necessary. Then put your leaf down on
the paper and dab some color evenly over both sides. Place it then between
the pages of a folded sheet of paper (unglazed is best), and rub the paper
above it well all over with the finger. Open the sheet, remove the leaf,
and you will have an impression of each side of the leaf. Any color may be
used. Burnt or raw sienna works the most satisfactorily.
DRYER FOR RULING INKS.
Ruling inks are made to dry quickly by using half a gill of methylated
spirits to every pint of ink. The spirit is partly soaked into the paper
and partly evaporates; it also makes the lines firm.
SIZE OF NEWSPAPER SHEETS AND NUMBER OF COLUMNS.
Width of Column Paper. Column Rules.
13 Ems Pica.
5 Column Folio 20 x 26 17-3/4 in.
6 " " 22 x 31 19-3/4 "
6 Col Fo (wide margin) 22 x 32 19-3/4 "
7 Column Folio 24 x 35 21-3/4 "
7 Col Fo (wide margin) 24 x 36 21-3/4 "
8 Column Folio 26 x 40 23-3/4 "
9 " " 28 x 44 26 "
4 " Quarto 22 x 31 13-3/4 "
4 Col Qu (wide margin) 22 x 32 13-3/4 "
5 " " 26 x 40 17-3/4 "
6 " " 30 x 44 19-3/4 "
7 " " 35 x 48 21-3/4 "
USUAL SIZES AND WEIGHTS OF NEWS PRINTING PAPER.
Size. Weight per Bundle.
22 x 30 44 lbs.
22 x 32 45 and 50 "
24 x 36 50, 56, 60 and 70 "
26 x 38 60 and 70 "
26 x 40 65, 70, 75, 80 and 90 "
28 x 40 80 "
28 x 42 70, 80, 90 and 100 "
28 x 44 85, 90 and 105 "
29 x 48 100 "
29 x 58 110 "
30 x 44 90, 95 and 100 "
31 x 44 90, 95 and 100 "
31 x 45 96 "
22 x 44 90, 95, 100 and 120 "
32 x 46 100 "
34-1/2 x 47-1/2 120 "
35 x 48 120 "
USUAL SIZES AND WEIGHTS OF BOOK PAPERS.
Size. Weight per Ream.
22 x 32 30, 35 and 40 lbs.
24 x 36 30, 35, 40 and 50 "
25 x 38 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 100 "
28 x 42 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100 and 120 "
32 x 44 60, 70, 80, 100 and 120 "
USUAL SIZES AND WEIGHTS COLORED PRINT OR POSTER.
Size. Weight per Ream.
24 x 36 25 lbs.
25 x 38 27 "
28 x 42 35, 40, 45 and 50 "
USUAL SIZES OF FLAT AND LEDGER PAPERS.
Flat Letter 10 x 16
Flat Foolscap 13 x 16
Packet Post 12 x 19
Cap 14 x 17
Crown 15 x 19
Double Flat Letter 16 x 20
Demy 16 x 21
Folio Post 17 x 22
Check Folio 17 x 24
Medium 18 x 23
Double Flat Foolscap 16 x 26
Bank Folio 19 x 24
Royal 19 x 24
Double Cap 17 x 28
Super Royal 20 x 28
Double Demy 21 x 32
Double Demy 16 x 42
Imperial 23 x 31
Double Medium 23 x 36
Double Medium 18 x 46
Elephant 23 x 28
Colombier 23 x 34
Atlas 26 x 33
Double Royal 24 x 38
Double Elephant 27 x 40
Antiquarian 31 x 53
Transcriber's Notes:
Passages in italics are indicated by _underscore_.
Passages in bold are indicated by =bold=.
The following misprints have been corrected:
"Lables" corrected to "Labels" (Index to Recipes)
"Sett-off" corrected to "Set-off" (Index to Recipes)
"I" corrected to "1" (page 5)
missing word "is" added (page 13)
missing word "A" added (page 14)
"Gildng" corrected to "Gilding" (page 19)
missing word "be" added (page 29)
"homoegeneous" corrected to "homogeneous" (page 35)
"posssble" corrected to "possible" (page 39)
"condiitons" corrected to "conditions" (page 48)
"a a" corrected to "a" (page 50)
"receipe" corrected to "recipe" (page 56)
missing word "a" added (page 67)
"he" corrected to "the" (page 74)
"when" corrected to "When" (page 80)
End of Project Gutenberg's Paper and Printing Recipes, by J. Sawtelle Ford