ge-rîdan, w. acc., _to ride over_: pret. sg. se þe näs ge-râd (_who rode

over the promontory_), 2899.

rîm, st. n., _series, number_: in comp. däg-, un-rîm.

ge-rîm, st. n., _series, number_: in comp. dôgor-ge-rim.

ge-rîman, w. v., _to count together, enumerate in all_: pret. part. in

comp. forð-gerîmed.

â-rîsan, st. v., _to arise, rise_: imper. sg. â-rîs, 1391; pret. sg. â-râs

þâ se rîca, 399; so, 652, 1791, 3031; â-râs þâ bî ronde (_arose by his

shield_), 2539; hwanan sió fæhð â-râs (_whence the feud arose_), 2404.

rodor, st. m., _ether, firmament, sky_ (from _radius_?, Bugge): gen. sg.

rodores candel, 1573; nom. pl. roderas, 1377; dat. pl. under roderum, 310;

gen. pl. rodera, 1556.

rôf, adj., _fierce, of fierce, heroic, strength, strong_: nom. sg., 2539;

also with gen. mägenes rôf (_strong in might_), 2085; so, þeáh þe he rôf

sîe nîð-geweorca, 683; acc. sg. rôfne, 1794; on þone rôfan, 2691.--Comp.:

beadu-, brego-, ellen-, heaðo-, hyge-, sige-rôf.

rôt, adj., _glad, joyous_: in comp. un-rôt.

rôwan, st. v., _to row_ (with the arms), _swim_: pret. pl. reón (for

reówon), 512, 539.

rûm, st. m., _space, room_: nom. sg., 2691.

rûm, adj.: 1) _roomy, spacious_: nom. sg. þûhte him eall tô rûm, wongas and

wîc-stede (_fields and dwelling seemed to him all too broad_, i.e. could

not hide his shame at the unavenged death of his murdered son), 2462.--2)

in moral sense, _great, magnanimous, noble-hearted_: acc. sg. þurh rûmne

sefan, 278.

rûm-heort, adj., _big-hearted, noble-spirited_: nom. sg., 1800, 2111.

ge-rûm-lîc, adj., _commodious, comfortable_: compar. ge-rûm-lîcor, 139.

rûn, st. f., _secrecy, secret discussion, deliberation_ or _council_: dat.

sg. ge-sät rîce tô rûne, 172.--Comp. beado-rûn.

rûn-stäf, st. m., _rune-stave, runic letter_: acc. pl. þurh rûn-stafas,

1696.

rûn-wita, w. m., _rune-wit, privy councillor, trusted adviser_: nom. sg.,

1326.

ge-rysne. See ge-risne.

ge-rýman, w. v.: 1) _to make room for, prepare, provide room_: pret. pl.

þät hie him ôðer flet eal ge-rýmdon, 1087; pret. part. þâ wäs Geát-mäcgum

... benc gerýmed, 492; so, 1976.--2) _to allow, grant, admit_: pret. part.

þâ me ge-rýmed wäs (sîð) (_as access was permitted me_), 3089; þâ him

gerýmed wearð, þät hie wäl-stôwe wealdan môston, 2984.

S

ge-saca, w. m., _opponent, antagonist, foe_: acc. sg. ge-sacan, 1774.

sacan, st. v., _to strive, contend_: inf. ymb feorh sacan, 439.

ge-sacan, _to attain, gain by contending_ (Grein): inf. gesacan sceal

sâwl-berendra ... gearwe stôwe _(gain the place prepared_, i.e. the

death-bed), 1005.

on-sacan: 1) (originally in a lawsuit), _to withdraw, take away, deprive

of_: pres. subj. þätte freoðuwebbe feores on-säce ... leófne mannan,

1943.--2) _to contest, dispute, withstand_: inf. þät he sæmannum on-sacan

mihte (i.e. hord, bearn, and brýde), 2955.

sacu, st. f., _strife, hostility, feud_: nom. sg., 1858, 2473; acc. sg.

säce, 154; säcce, 1978, 1990, 2348, 2500, 2563; dat. sg. ät (tô) säcce,

954, 1619, 1666, 2613, 2660, 2682, 2687; gen. sg. secce, 601; gen. pl.

säcca, 2030.

ge-sacu, st. f., _strife, enmity_: nom. sg., 1738.

sadol, st. m., _saddle_: nom. sg., 1039.

sadol-beorht, adj., _with bright saddles_ (?): acc. pl. sadol-beorht, 2176.

ge-saga. See secgan.

samne, somne, adv., _together, united_; in ät-somne, _together, united_,

307, 402, 491, 544, 2848.

tô-somne (_together_), 3123; þâ se wyrm ge-beáh snûde tô-somne (_when the

dragon quickly coiled together_), 2569.

samod, somod: I. adv., _simultaneously, at the same time_: somod, 1212,

1615, 2175, 2988; samod, 2197; samod ät-gädere, 387, 730, 1064.--II. prep.

w. dat., _with, at the same time with_: samod ær-däge (_with the break of

day_), 1312; somod ær-däge, 2943.

sand, st. n., _sand, sandy shore_: dat. sg. on sande, 295, 1897, 3043(?);

äfter sande (_along the shore_), 1965; wið sande, 213.

sang, st. m., _song, cry, noise_: nom. sg. sang, 1064; swutol sang scôpes,

90; acc. sg. sige-leásne sang (Grendel's cry of woe), 788; sârigne sang

(Hrêðel's dirge for Herebeald), 2448.

sâl, st. m., _rope_: dat. sg. sâle, 1907; on sâle (sole, MS.), 302.

sâl. See sæl.

sâr, st. n., _wound, pain_ (physical or spiritual): nom. sg. sâr, 976; sió

sâr, 2469; acc. sg. sâr, 788; sâre, 2296; dat. (instr.) sg. sâre, 1252,

2312, 2747.--Comp. lîc-sâr.

sâr, adj., _sore, painful_: instr. pl. sârum wordum, 2059.

sâre, adv., _sorely, heavily, ill_, graviter: se þe him [sâ]re gesceôd

(_who injured him sorely_), 2224.

sârig, adj., _painful, woeful_: acc. sg. sârigne sang, 2448.

sârig-ferð, adj., _sore-hearted, grieved_: nom. sg. sârig-ferð (Wîglâf),

2864.

sârig-môd, adj., _sorrowful-minded, saddened_: dat. pl. sârig-môdum, 2943.

sâr-lîc, adj., _painful_: nom. sg., 843; acc. sg. neut., 2110.

sâwol, sâwl, st. f., _soul_ (the immortal principle as contrasted with lîf,

the physical life): nom. sg. sâwol, 2821; acc. sg. sâwle, 184, 802; hæðene

sâwle, 853; gen. sg. sâwele, 1743; sâwle, 2423.

sâwl-berend, pres. part., _endowed with a soul, human being_: gen. pl.

sâwl-berendra, 1005.

sâwul-dreór, st. n., (blood gushing from the seat of the soul), _soul-gore,

heart's blood, life's blood_: instr. sg. sâwul-drióre, 2694.

sâwul-leás, adj., _soulless, lifeless_: acc. sg. sâwol-leásne, 1407;

sâwul-leásne, 3034.

säce, säcce. See sacu.

säd, adj., _satiated, wearied_: in comp. hilde-säd.

säl, st. n., _habitable space, house_, _hall_: dat. sg. sel, 167; säl, 307,

2076, 2265.

säld, st. n., _hall, king's hall_ or _palace_: acc. sg. geond þät säld

(Heorot), 1281.

sæ, st. m. and f., _sea, ocean_: nom. sg., 579, 1224; acc. sg. on sîdne sæ,

507; ofer sæ, 2381; ofer sæ sîde, 2395; dat. sg. tô sæ, 318; on sæ, 544;

dat. pl. be sæm tweonum, 859, 1298, 1686, 1957.

sæ-bât, st. m., _sea-boat_: acc. sg., 634, 896.

sæ-cyning, st. m., _sea-king, king ruling the sea_: gen. pl. sæ-cyninga,

2383.

sæ-deór, st. n., _sea-beast, sea-monster_: nom. sg., 1511.

sæ-draca, w. m., _sea-dragon_: acc. pl. sæ-dracan, 1427.

ge-sægan, w. v., _to fell, slay_: pret. part. häfdon eal-fela eotena cynnes

sweordum ge-sæged (_felled with the sword_), 885.

sæge. See on-sæge.

sæ-genga, w. m., _sea-goer_, i.e. sea-going ship: nom. sg., 1883, 1909.

sæ-geáp, adj., _spacious_ (broad enough for the sea): nom. sg. sæ-geáp

naca, 1897.

sæ-grund, st. m., _sea-bottom, ocean-bottom_: dat. sg. sæ-grunde, 564.

sæl, sâl, sêl, st. f.: 1) _favorable opportunity, good_ or _fit time_: nom.

sg. sæl, 623, 1666, 2059; sæl and mæl, 1009; acc. sg. sêle, 1136; gen. pl.

sæla and mæla, 1612.--2) _Fate_(?): see Note on l. 51.--3) _happiness,

joy_: dat. pl. on sâlum, 608; sælum, 644, 1171, 1323. See sêl, adj.

ge-sælan, w. v., _to turn out favorably, succeed_: pret. sg. him ge-sælde

þät ...(_he was fortunate enough to_, etc.), 891; so, 574; efne swylce

mæla, swylce hira man-dryhtne þearf ge-sælde (_at such times as need

disposed it for their lord_), 1251.

sælan (see sâl), w. v., _to tie, bind_: pret. sg. sælde ... sîð-fäðme scip,

1918; pl. sæ-wudu sældon, 226.

ge-sælan, _to bind together, weave, interweave_: pret. part. earm-beága

fela searwum ge-sæled (_many curiously interwoven armlets_, i.e. made of

metal wire: see Guide to Scandinavian Antiquities, p. 48), 2765.

on-sælan, with acc., _to unbind, unloose, open_: on-sæl meoto, sige-hrêð

secgum (_disclose thy views to the men, thy victor's courage_; or, _thy

presage of victory_?), 489.

sæ-lâc, st. n., _sea-gift, sea-booty_: instr. sg. sæ-lâce, 1625; acc. pl.

þâs sæ-lâc, 1653.

sæ-lâd, st. f., _sea-way, sea-journey_: dat. sg. sæ-lâde, 1140, 1158.

sæ-lîðend, pres. part., _seafarer_: nom. pl. sæ-lîðend, 411, 1819, 2807;

sæ-lîðende, 377.

sæ-man, m., _sea-man, sea-warrior_: dat. pl. sæ-mannum, 2955; gen. pl.

sæ-manna, 329 (both times said of the Geátas).

sæmra, weak adj. compar., _the worse, the weaker_: nom. sg. sæmra, 2881;

dat. sg. sæmran, 954.

sæ-mêðe, adj., _sea-weary, exhausted by sea-travel_: nom. pl. sæ-mêðe, 325.

sæ-näs, st. m., _sea-promontory, cape, naze_: acc. pl. sæ-nässas, 223, 571.

sæne, adj., _careless, slow_: compar. sg. nom. he on holme wäs sundes þê

sænra, þe hyne swylt fornam (_was the slower in swimming in the sea, whom

death took away_), 1437.

sæ-rinc, st. m., _sea-warrior_ or _hero_: nom. sg., 691.

sæ-sîð, st. m., _sea-way, path, journey_: dat. sg. äfter sæ-sîðe, 1150.

sæ-wang, st. m., _sea-shore_ or _beach_: acc. sg. sæ-wong, 1965.

sæ-weal, st. m., _(sea-wall), seashore_: dat. sg. sæ-wealle, 1925.

sæ-wudu, st. m., _(sea-wood), vessel, ship_: acc. sg. sæ-wudu, 226.

sæ-wylm, st. m., _sea-surf, billow_: acc. pl. ofer sæ-wylmas, 393.

scacan, sceacan, st. v., properly, _to shake one's self_; hence, _to go,

glide, pass along_ or _away_: pres. sg. þonne mîn sceaceð lîf of lîce,

2743; inf. þâ com beorht [sunne] scacan [ofer grundas], (_the bright sun

came gliding over the fields_), 1804; pret. sg. duguð ellor scôc _(the

chiefs are gone elsewhither_, i.e. have died), 2255; þonne stræla storm ...

scôc ofer scild-weall (_when the storm of arrows leapt over the wall of

shields_), 3119; pret. part. wäs hira blæd scacen (_their bravest men had

passed away_), 1125; þâ wäs winter scacen (_the winter was past_), 1137;

so, sceacen, 2307, 2728.

scadu, sceadu, st. f., _shadow, concealing veil of night_: acc. sg. under

sceadu bregdan (i.e. kill), 708.

scadu-genga, w. m., _shadow-goer, twilight-stalker_ (of Grendel): nom. sg.

sceadu-genga, 704.

scadu-helm, st. m., _shadow-helm, veil of darkness_: gen. pl. scadu-helma

ge-sceapu (_shapes of the shadow, evil spirits wandering by night_), 651.

scalu, st. f., _retinue, band_ (part of an armed force); in comp.

hand-scalu: mid his hand-scale (hond-scole), 1318, 1964.

scamian, w. v., _to be ashamed_: pres. part. nom. pl. scamiende, 2851; nô

he þære feoh-gyfte ... scamigan þorfte (_needed not be ashamed of his

treasure-giving_), 1027.

scawa (see sceáwlan), w. m., _observer, visitor_: nom. pl. scawan, 1896.

ge-scâd, st. n., _difference, distinction_: acc. sg. æg-hwäðres gescâd,

worda and worca (_difference between, of, both words and deeds_), 288.

ge-scâdan, st. v., _to decide, adjudge_: pret. sg. rodera rædend hit on

ryht gescêd (_decided it in accordance with right_), 1556.

scânan? See scînan, pret. pl. scionon, 303; the imaginary scânan having

been abandoned.

ge-scäp-hwîle, st. f., _fated hour, hour of death (appointed rest?)_: dat.

sg. tô gescäp-hwîle (_at the fated hour_), 26.

sceððan, w. v., _to scathe, injure_: inf. w. dat. pers., 1034; aldre

sceððan (_hurt her life_), 1525; þät on land Dena lâðra nænig mid scipherge

sceððan ne meahte (_injure through robber incursions_), 243; pret. sg. þær

him nænig wäter wihte ne sceðede, 1515.

ge-sceððan, the same: inf. þät him ... ne mihte eorres inwit-feng aldre

gesceððan, 1448.

scenc, st. m., _vessel, can_: in comp. medu-scenc.

scencan, w. v., _to hand drink, pour out_: pret. sg. scencte scîr wered,

496 (cf. skinker = cup-bearer).

scenne, w. f.?, _sword-guard?_: dat. pl. on þæm scennum scîran goldes,

1695.

sceran, st. v., _to shear off, cleave, hew to pieces_: pres. sg. þonne

heoru bunden ... swîn ofer helme andweard scireð (_hews off the boar-head

on the helm_), 1288.

ge-sceran, _to divide, hew in two_: pret. sg. helm oft ge-scär (_often

clove the helm in two_), 1527; so, gescer, 2974.

scerwen, st. f.?, in comp. ealu-scerwen (_ale-scare_ or _panic_?), 770.

scêt. See sceótan.

sceadu. See scadu.

sceaða, w. m.: 1) _scather, foe_: gen. pl. sceaðena, 4.--2) _fighter,

warrior_: nom. pl. scaðan, 1804.--Comp.: âttor-, dol-, feónd-, gûð-,

hearm-, leód-, mân-, sin-, þeód-, uht-sceaða.

sceaðan, st. v. w. dat., _to scathe, injure, crush_: pret. sg. se þe oft

manegum scôd (_which has oft oppressed many_), 1888.

ge-sceaðan, w. dat., the same: pret. sg. swâ him ær gescôd hild ät Heorote,

1588; se þe him sâre ge-sceôd (_who injured him sorely_), 2224; nô þý ær in

gescôd hâlan lîce, 1503; bill ær gescôd eald-hlâfordes þam þâra mâðma

mund-bora wäs (_the weapon of the ancient chieftain had before laid low the

dragon, the guardian of the treasure_), 2778 (or, _sheathed in brass_?, if

ær and gescôd form compound).

sceaðen-mæl, st. n., _deadly weapon, hostile sword_: nom. sg., 1940.

sceaft, st. m., _shaft, spear, missile_: nom. sg. sceft, 3119.--Comp.:

here-, wäl-sceaft.

ge-sceaft, st. f.: 1) _creation, earth, earthly existence_: acc. sg. þâs

lænan ge-sceaft, 1623.--2) _fate, destiny_: in comp. forð-, lîf-,

mæl-gesceaft.

scealc, st. m., _servant, military retainer_: nom. sg., 919; (of Beówulf),

940.--Comp beór-scealc.

ge-sceap, st. n.: 1) _shape, creature_: nom. pl. scadu-helma ge-sceapu,

651.--2) _fate, providence_: acc. sg. heáh ge-sceap (_heavy fate_), 3085.

sceapan, sceppan, scyppan, st. v., _to shape, create, order, arrange,

establish_: pres. part. scyppend (_the Creator_), 106; pret. sg. scôp him

Heort naman (_shaped, gave, it the name Heorot_), 78; pres. part. wäs sió

wrôht scepen heard wið Hûgas, syððan Hygelâc cwom (_the contest with the

Hûgas became sharp after H. had come_), 2915.

ge-sceapan, _to shape, create_: pret. sg. lîf ge-sceôp cynna gehwylcum, 97.

scear, st. m., _massacre_: in comp. gûð-, inwit-scear, 2429, etc.

scearp, adj., _sharp, able, brave_: nom. sg. scearp scyld-wîga,

288.--Comp.: beadu-, heaðo-scearp.

scearu, st. f., _division, body, troop_: in comp. folc-scearu; _that is

decided_ or _determined_, in gûð-scearu (_overthrow_?), 1214.

sceat, st. m., _money_; also _unit of value in appraising_ (cf. Rieger in

Zacher's Zeits. 3, 415): acc. pl. sceattas, 1687. When numbers are given,

sceat appears to be left out, cf. 2196, 2995 (see þûsend).--Comp.

gif-sceat.

sceát, st. m., _region, field_: acc. pl. gefrätwade foldan sceátas leomum

and leáfum, 96;--_top, surface, part_: gen. pl. eorðan sceáta, 753.

sceáwere, st. m., _observer, spy_: nom. pl. sceáweras, 253.

sceáwian, w. v. w. acc., _to see, look at, observe_: inf. sceáwian, 841,

1414, 2403, 2745, 3009, 3033; sceáwigan, 1392; pres. sg. II. þät ge genôge

neán sceáwiað beágas and brâd gold, 3105; subj. pres. þät ic ... sceáwige

swegle searo-gimmas, 2749; pret. sg. sceáwode, 1688, 2286, 2794; sg. for

pl., 844; pret. pl. sceáwedon, 132, 204, 984, 1441.

ge-sceáwian, _to see, behold, observe_: pret. part. ge-sceáwod, 3076, 3085.

sceorp, st. n., _garment_: in comp. hilde-sceorp.

sceótan, st. v., _to shoot, hurl missiles_: pres. sg. se þe of flân-bogan

fyrenum sceóteð, 1745; pres. part. nom. pl. sceótend (_the warriors,

bowmen_), 704, 1155; dat. pl. for sceótendum (MS. scotenum), 1027.

ge-sceótan, w. acc., _to shoot off, hurry_: pret. sg. hord eft gesceát

(_the dragon darted again back to the treasure_), 2320.

of-sceótan, _to kill by shooting_: pret. sg. his mæg of-scêt ... blôdigan

gâre _(killed his brother with bloody dart_), 2440.

scild, scyld, st. m., _shield_: nom. sg. scyld, 2571; acc. sg. scyld, 437,

2076; acc. pl. scyldas, 325, 333, 2851.

scildan, scyldan, w. v., _to shield, protect_: pret. subj. nymðe mec god

scylde (_if God had not shielded me_), 1659.

scild-freca, w. m., _shield-warrior_ (warrior armed with a shield): nom.

sg. scyld-freca, 1034.

scild-weall, st. m., _wall of shields_: acc. sg. scild-weall, 3119.

scild-wîga, w. m., _shield-warrior_: nom. sg. scyld-wîga, 288.

scinna, w. m., _apparition, evil spirit_: dat. pl. scynnum, 940.

scip, st. n., _vessel, ship_: nom. sg., 302; acc. sg., 1918; dat. sg. tô

scipe, 1896; gen. sg. scipes, 35, 897; dat pl. tô scypum (scypon, MS.),

1155.

scip-here, st. m., (exercitus navalis) _armada, fleet_: dat. sg. mid

scip-herge, 243.

ge-scîfe (for ge-scýfe), adj., _advancing_ (of the dragon's movement),

2571; = G. _schief_?

scînan, st. v., _to shine, flash_: pres. sg. sunne ... sûðan scîneð, 607;

so, 1572; inf. geseah blâcne leóman beorhte scînan, 1518; pret. sg.

(gûð-byrne, woruld--candel) scân, 321, 1966; on him byrne scân, 405; pret.

pl. gold-fâg scinon web äfter wagum, 995; scionon, 303.

scîr, adj., _sheer, pure, shining_: nom. sg. hring-îren scîr, 322; scîr

metod, 980; acc. sg. n. scîr wered, 496; gen. sg. scîran goldes, 1695.

scîr-ham, adj., _bright-armored, clad in bright mail_: nom. pl. scîr-hame,

1896.

scoten. See sceóten.

ge-scôd, pret. part., _shod_ (calceatus), _covered_: in comp.

ær-ge-scôd(?). See ge-sceaðan, and Note.

scôp, st. m., _singer, shaper, poet_: nom. sg., 496, 1067; gen. sg. scôpes,

90.

scräf, st. n., _hole in the earth, cavern_: in comp. eorð-scräf.

scrîðan, st. v., _to stride, go_: pres. pl. scrîðað, 163; inf. scrîðan,

651, 704; scrîðan tô, 2570.

scrîfan, st. v., _to prescribe, impose_ (punishment): inf. hû him (Grendel)

scîr metod scrîfan wille, 980.

for-scrîfan, w. dat. pers., _to proscribe, condemn_: pret. part. siððan him

scyppend for-scrifen häfde, 106.

ge-scrîfan, _to permit, prescribe_: pret. sg. swâ him Wyrd ne ge-scrâf (_as

Weird did not permit him_), 2575.

scrûd, st. m., _clothing, covering; ornament_: in comp. beadu-,

byrdu-scrûd.

scucca, w. m., _shadowy sprite, demon_: dat. pl. scuccum, 940.

sculan, aux. v. w. inf.: 1) _shall, must_ (obligation): pres. sg. I., III.

sceal, 20, 24, 183, 251, 271, 287, 440, 978, 1005, 1173, 1387, 1535, etc.;

scel, 455, 2805, 3011; II. scealt, 589, 2667; subj. pres. scyle, 2658;

scile, 3178; pret. ind. sg. I., III. scolde, 10, 806, 820, 966, 1071, 1444,

1450, etc.; sceolde, 2342, 2409, 2443, 2590, 2964; II. sceoldest, 2057; pl.

scoldon, 41, 833, 1306, 1638; subj. pret. scolde, 1329, 1478; sceolde,

2709.--2) w. inf. following it expresses futurity, = _shall, will_: pres.

sg. I., III. sceal beódan (_shall offer_), 384; so, 424, 438, 602, 637,

1061, 1707, 1856, 1863, 2070; sceall, 2499, 2509, etc.; II. scealt, 1708;

pl. wit sculon, 684; subj. pret. scolde, 280, 692, 911; sceolde, 3069.--3)

sculan sometimes forms a periphrastic phrase or circumlocution for a simple

tense, usually with a slight feeling of obligation or necessity: pres. sg.

he ge-wunian sceall (_he inhabits; is said to inhabit?_), 2276; pret. sg.

se þe wäter-egesan wunian scolde, 1261; wäcnan scolde (_was to awake_), 85;

se þone gomelan grêtan sceolde (_was to, should, approach_), 2422; þät se

byrn-wîga bûgan sceolde (_the corseleted warrior had to bow, fell_), 2919;

pl. þâ þe beado-grîman býwan sceoldon (_they that had to polish or deck the

battle-masks_), 2258; so, 230, 705, 1068.--4) w. omitted inf., such as

wesan, gangan: unc sceal worn fela mâðma ge-mænra (i.e. wesan). 1784; so,

2660; sceal se hearda helm ... fätum befeallen (i.e. wesan), 2256; ic him

äfter sceal (i.e. gangan), 2817; subj. þonne þu forð scyle (i.e. gangan),

1180. A verb or inf. expressed in an antecedent clause is not again

expressed with a subsequent sceal: gæð â Wyrd swâ hió scel (_Weird goeth

ever as it shall_ [go]), 455; gûð-bill ge-swâc swâ hit nô sceolde (i.e.

ge-swîcan), 2586.

scûa, w. m., _shadowy demon_: in comp. deáð-scûa.

scûfan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to move forward, hasten_: pret. part. þâ wäs

morgen-leóht scofen and scynded, 919.--2) w. acc., _to shove, push_: pret.

pl. guman ût scufon ... wudu bundenne (_pushed the vessel from the land_),

215; dracan scufun ... ofer weall-clif (_pushed the dragon over the

wall-like cliff_), 3132. See wîd-scofen(?)

be-scûfan, w. acc., _to push, thrust down, in_: inf. wâ bið þäm þe sceal

... sâwle be-scûfan in fýres fäðm (_woe to him that shall thrust his soul

into fire's embrace_), 184.

scûr, st. m., _shower, battle-shower_: in comp. îsern-scûr.

scûr-heard, adj., _fight-hardened? (file-hardened?_): nom. pl. scûr-heard,

1034.

scyld, scyldan. See scild, scildan.

scyldig, adj., _under obligations_ or _bound for; guilty of_, w. gen. and

instr.: ealdres (morðres) scyldig, 1339, 1684, 2062; synnum scyldig

(_guilty of evil deeds_), 3072.

scyndan, w. v., _to hasten_: inf. scyndan, 2571; pret. part, scynded, 919

scynna. See scinna.

scyppend. See sceapan.

scyran, w. v., _to arrange, decide_: inf. þät hit sceaðen-mæl scyran môste

(_that the sword must decide it_), 1940. O.N. skora, _to score, decide_.

scýne, adj., _sheen, well-formed, beautiful_: nom. sg. mägð scýne, 3017.

se, pron. dem. and article, _the_: m. nom., 79, 84, 86, 87, 90, 92, 102,

etc.; fem, seó, 66, 146, etc.; neut. þät;--relative: se (_who_), 1611,

2866; se þe (_he who_), 2293; seó þe (_she who_), 1446; se þe (for seó þe),

1345, 1888, 2686; cf. 1261, 1498; (Grendel's mother, as a wild, demonic

creature, is conceived now as man, now as woman: woman, as having borne a

son; man, as the incarnation of savage cunning and power); se for seó,

2422; dat. sg. þam (for þam þe), 2780.

secce. See sacu.

secg, st. m., _man, warrior, hero, spokesman_ (secgan?): nom. sg., 208,

872, 2228, 2407, etc.; (Beówulf), 249, 948, 1312, 1570, 1760, etc.;

(Wulfgâr), 402; (Hûnferð), 981; (Wîglâf), 2864; acc. sg. sinnigne secg

(Grendel's mother, cf. se), 1380; dat. sg. secge, 2020; nom. pl. secgas,

213, 2531, 3129; dat. pl. secgum, 490; gen. pl. secga, 634, 843, 997, 1673.

secg, st. f., _sword_ (sedge?): acc. sg. secge, 685.

secgan, w. v., _to say, speak_: 1) w. acc.: pres. sg. gode ic þanc secge,

1998; so, 2796; pres. part. swâ se secg hwata secgende wäs lâðra spella

(partitive gen.), 3029; inf. secgan, 582, 876, 881, 1050; pret. sg. sägde

him þäs leánes þanc, 1810; pret. sg. II. hwät þu worn fela ... sägdest from

his sîðe, 532.--2) without acc inf. swâ we sôðlîce secgan hýrdon, 273;

pret. sg. sägde, 2633, 2900--3) w. depend. clause: pres. sg. ic secge, 591;

pl. III. secgað, 411; inf. secgan, 51, 391, 943, 1347, 1701, 1819, 2865,

3027; gerund. tô secganne, 473, 1725; pret. sg. sägde, 90, 1176; pl.

sägdon, 377, 2188; sædan, 1946.

â-secgan (edicere), _to say out, deliver_: inf. wille ic â-secgan suna

Healfdenes ... mîn ærende, 344.

ge-secgan, _to say, relate_: imper. sg. II. ge-saga, 388; þät ic his ærest

þe eft ge-sägde (_that I should, after, tell thee its origin_), 2158; pret.

part. gesägd, 141; gesæd, 1697.

sefa, w. m., _heart, mind, soul, spirit_: nom. sg., 49, 490, 595, 2044,

2181, 2420, 2601, 2633; acc. sg. sefan, 278, 1727, 1843; dat. sg. sefan,

473, 1343, 1738.--Comp. môd-sefa.

ge-segen, st. f., _legend, tale_: in comp. eald-ge-segen.

segl, st. n., _sail_: nom. sg., 1907.

segl-râd, st. f., _sail-road_, i.e. sea: dat. sg. on segl-râde, 1430.

segn, st. n., _banner_, vexillum: nom. sg., 2768, 2959; acc. sg. segen, 47,

1022; segn, 2777; dat. sg. under segne, 1205.--Comp. heáfod-segn.

sel, st. n., _hall, palace_. See säl.

seld, st. n., _dwelling, house_: in comp. medu-seld.

ge-selda, w. m., contubernalis, _companion_: acc. sg. geseldan, 1985.

seldan, adv., _seldom_: oft [nô] seldan, 2030.

seld-guma, w. m., _house-man, home-stayer(?); common man?, house-carl?_:

nom. sg., 249.

sele, st. m. and n., _building consisting of one apartment; apartment,

room_: nom. sg., 81, 411; acc. sg. sele, 827, 2353; dat. sg. tô sele, 323,

1641; in (on, tô) sele þam heán, 714, 920, 1017, 1985; on sele (_in the den

of the dragon_), 3129.--Comp.: beáh-, beór-, dryht-, eorð-, gest-, gold-,

grund-, gûð-, heáh-, hring-, hrôf-, nið-, win-sele.

sele-dreám, st. m., _hall-glee, joy in the hall_: acc. sg. þâra þe þis lîf

ofgeaf, gesâwon sele-dreám (referring to the joy of heaven?), 2253.

sele-ful, st. n., _hall-goblet_: acc. sg., 620.

sele-gyst, st. m., _hall-guest, stranger in hall_ or _house_: acc. sg. þone

sele-gyst, 1546.

sele-rædend, pres. part., _hall-ruler, possessor of the hall_: nom. pl.,

51; acc. leóde mîne sele-rædende, 1347.

sele-rest, st. f., _bed in the hall_: acc. sg. sele-reste, 691.

sele-þegn, st. m., _retainer, hall-thane, chamberlain_: nom. sg., 1795.

sele-weard, st. m., _hall-ward, guardian of the hall_: acc. sg., 668.

self, sylf, pron., _self_: nom. sg. strong form, self, 1314, 1925 (?

selfa); þu self, 595; þu þe self, 954; self cyning (_the king himself, the

king too_), 921, 1011; sylf, 1965; in weak form, selfa, 1469; he selfa, 29,

1734; þäm þe him selfa deáh (_that can rely upon, trust to, himself_),

1840; seolfa, 3068; he sylfa, 505; god sylfa, 3055; acc. sg. m. selfne,

1606; hine selfne (_himself_), 962; hyne selfne (_himself_, reflex.), 2876;

wið sylfne (_beside_), 1978; gen. sg. m. selfes, 701, 896; his selfes,

1148; on sînne sylfes dôm (_at his own will_), 2148; sylfes, 2224, 2361,

2640, 2711, 2777, 3014; his sylfes, 2014, 2326; fem. hire selfre, 1116;

nom. pl. selfe, 419; Sûð-Dene sylfe, 1997.

ge-sella, w. m., _house-companion, comrade_: in comp. hand-gesella.

sellan, syllan, w. v.: 1) w. acc. of thing, dat. of pers., _to give,

deliver; permit, grant, present_: pres. sg. III. seleð him on êðle eorðan

wynne, 1731; inf. syllan, 2161, 2730; pret. sg. sealde, 72, 673, 1272,

1694, 1752, 2025, 2156, 2183, 2491, 2995; nefne god sylfa sealde þam þe he

wolde hord openian (_unless God himself gave to whom he would to open the

hoard_), 3056; pret. sg. II. sealdest, 1483.--2) _to give, give up_ (only

w. acc. of thing): ær he feorh seleð (_he prefers to give up his life_),

1371; nallas on gylp seleð fätte beágas (_giveth out gold-wrought rings_,

etc.), 1750; pret. sg. sinc-fato sealde, 623; pl. byrelas sealdon wîn of

wunder-fatum, 1162.

ge-sellan, w. acc. and dat. of pers., _to give, deliver; grant, present_:

inf. ge-sellan, 1030; pret. sg. ge-sealde, 616, 1053, 1867, 1902, 2143,

etc.

sel-lîc, syl-lîc (from seld-lîc), adj., _strange, wondrous_: nom. sg. glôf

... syllîc, 2087; acc. sg. n. syllîc spell, 2110; acc. pl. sellîce

sæ-dracan, 1427. Compar. acc. sg. syllîcran wiht (the dragon), 3039.

semninga, adv., _straightway, at once_ 645, 1641, 1768.

sendan, w. v. w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers., _to send_: pret. sg. þone

god sende folce tô frôfre (_whom God sent as a comfort to the people_), 13;

so, 471, 1843.

for-sendan, _to send away, drive off_ pret. part. he wearð on feónda

geweald ... snûde for-sended, 905.

on-sendan, _to send forth, away_, w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers.:

imper. sg. on-send, 452, 1484; pret. sg. on-sende, 382; pl. þe hine ...

forð on-sendon ænne ofer ýðe (_who sent him forth alone over the sea_), 45;

pret. part. bealo-cwealm hafað fela feorh-cynna feorr on-sended, 2267.

sendan (cf. Gl. Aldhelm, sanda = ferculorum, epularum, in Haupt IX. 444),

w. v., _to feast, banquet_: pres. sg. III. sendeð, 601.--Leo.

serce, syrce, w. f., _sark, shirt of mail_: nom. sg. syrce, 1112; nom. pl.

syrcan, 226; acc. pl. græge syrcan, 334.--Comp.: beadu-, heoro-serce;

here-, leoðo-, lîc-syrce.

sess, st. m., _seat, place for sitting_: dat. sg. sesse, 2718; þâ he bî

sesse geóng (_by the seat_, i.e. before the dragon's lair), 2757.

setl, st. n., _seat, settle_: acc. sg., 2014; dat. sg. setle, 1233, 1783,

2020; gen. sg. setles, 1787; dat. pl. setlum, 1290.--Comp.: heáh-, hilde-,

meodu-setl.

settan, w. v., _to set_: pret. sg. setton sæ-mêðe sîde scyldas ... wið þäs

recedes weall (_the sea-wearied ones set their broad shields against the

wall of the hall_), 325; so, 1243.

â-settan, _to set, place, appoint_: pret. pl. hie him â-setton segen

[gyl]-denne heáh ofer heáfod, 47; pret. part. häfde kyninga wuldor Grendle

tô-geánes ... sele-weard â-seted, 668.

be-settan, _to set with, surround_: pret. sg. (helm) besette swîn-lîcum

(_set the helm with swine-bodies_), 1454.

ge-settan: 1) _to set, set down_: pret. part. swâ wäs ...þurh rûn-stafas

rihte ge-mearcod, ge-seted and ge-sæd (_thus was ... in rune-staves rightly

marked, set down and said_), 1697.--2) _to set, ordain, create_: pret. sg.

ge-sette ... sunnan and mônan leóman tô leóhte land-bûendum, 94.--3) =

componere, _to lay aside, smooth over, appease_: pret. sg. þät he mid þý

wîfe wäl-fæhða ... dæl ... ge-sette, 2030.

sêcan, w. v., _to follow after_, hence: 1) _to seek, strive for_, w. acc.:

pret. sg. sinc-fät sôhte _(sought the costly cup_), 2301; ne sôhte

searo-nîðas, 2739; so, 3068. Without acc.: þonne his myne sôhte (_than his

wish demanded_), 2573; hord-weard sôhte georne äfter grunde (_the

hoard-warden sought eagerly along the ground_), 2294.--2) _to look for,

come_ or _go some whither, attain something_, w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se þe

... biorgas sêceð, 2273; subj. þeáh þe hæð-stapa holt-wudu sêce, 1370;

imper. sêc gif þu dyrre (_look for her_, i.e. Grendel's mother, _if thou

dare_), 1380; inf. sêcean, 200, 268, 646, 1598, 1870, 1990, 2514(?), 3103,

etc.; sêcan, 665, 1451; drihten sêcean (_seek, go to, the Lord_), 187;

sêcean wyn-leás wîc (_Grendel was to seek a joyless place_, i.e. Hell),

822; so, sêcan deófla gedräg, 757; sâwle sêcan (_seek the life, kill_),

802; so, sêcean sâwle hord, 2423; gerund. säcce tô sêceanne, 2563; pret.

sg. I., III. sôhte, 139, 208, 376, 417, 2224; II. sôhtest, 458; pl. sôhton,

339.--3) _to seek, attack_: þe ûs sêceað tô Sweóna leóde, 3002; pret. pl.

hine wräc-mäcgas ofer sæ sôhtan, 2381.

ge-sêcan: 1) _to seek_, w. acc.: inf. gif he gesêcean dear wîg ofer wæpen,

685.--2) _to look for, come_ or _go to attain_, w. acc.: inf. ge-sêcean,

693; gerund, tô ge-sêcanne, 1923; pret. sg. ge-sôhte, 463, 520, 718, 1952;

pret. part. nom. pl. feor-cýððe beóð sêlran ge-sôhte þam þe hine selfa

deáh, 1840.--3) _to seek with hostile intent, to attack_: pres. sg.

ge-sêceð 2516; pret. sg. ge-sôhte, 2347; pl. ge-sôhton, 2927; ge-sôhtan,

2205.

ofer-sêcan, w. acc., _to surpass, outdo_ (in an attack): pres. sg. wäs sió

hond tô strong, se þe mêca gehwane ... swenge ofer-sôhte, þonne he tô säcce

bär wæpen wundrum heard (_too strong was the hand, that surpassed every

sword in stroke, when he_ [Beówulf] _bore the wondrous weapon to battle_,

i.e. the hand was too strong for any sword; its strength made it useless in

battle), 2687.

sêl, st. f. See sæl.

sêl, sæl, adj., _good, excellent, fit_, only in compar.: nom. sg. m. sêlra,

861, 2194; þæm þær sêlra wäs (_to the one that was the better_, i.e.

Hygelâc), 2200; deáð bið sêlla þonne edwît-lîf, 2891; neut. sêlre, 1385;

acc. sg. m. sêlran þe (_a better than thee_), 1851; sêlran, 1198; neut. þät

sêlre, 1760; dat. sg. m. sêlran sweord-frecan, 1469; nom. pl. fem. sêlran,

1840. Superl., strong form: nom. sg. neut. sêlest, 173, 1060; hûsa sêlest,

146, 285, 936; ôfost is sêlest, 256; bolda sêlest, 2327; acc. sg. neut.

hrägla sêlest, 454; hûsa sêlest, 659; billa sêlest, 1145;--weak form: nom.

sg. m. reced sêlesta, 412; acc. sg. m. þone sêlestan, 1407, 2383; (þäs,

MS.), 1957; dat. sg. m. þäm sêlestan, 1686; nom. pl. sêlestan, 416; acc.

pl. þâ sêlestan, 3123.

sêl, compar. adv., _better, fitter, more excellent_, 1013, 2531; ne byð him

wihte þê sêl (_he shall be nought the better for it_), 2278; so, 2688.

sealma (Frisian selma, in bed-selma), w. m., _bed-chamber, sleeping-place_:

acc. sg. on sealman, 2461.

sealt, adj., _salty_: acc. sg. neut. ofer sealt wäter (_the sea_), 1990.

searo (G. sarwa, pl.), st. n.: 1) _armor, accoutrements, war-gear_: nom.

pl. sæ-manna searo, 329; dat. pl. secg on searwum (_a man, warrior, in

panoply_), 249, 2701; in (on) searwum, 323, 1558; 2531, 2569; instr. pl.

searwum, 1814.--2) _insidiae, ambuscade, waylaying, deception, battle_: þâ

ic of searwum cwom, fâh from feóndum, 419.--3) _cunning, art, skill_:

instr. pl. sadol searwum fâh (_saddle cunningly ornamented_), 1039;

earmbeága fela, searwum ge-sæled (_many cunningly-linked armlets_),

2765.--Comp. fyrd-, gûð-, inwit-searo.

searo-bend, st. f., _band, bond, of curious workmanship_: instr. pl.

searo-bendum fäst, 2087.

searo-fâh, adj., _cunningly inlaid, ornamented, with gold_: nom. sg.

here-byrne hondum ge-broden, sîd and searo-fâh, 1445.

searo-ge-þräc, st. n., _heap of treasure-objects_: acc. sg., 3103.

searo-gim, st. m., _cunningly set gem, rich jewel_: acc. pl. searo-gimmas,

2750; gen. pl. searo-gimma, 1158.

searo-grim, adj., _cunning and fierce_: nom. sg., 595.

searo-häbbend, pres. part. as subst., _arms-bearing, warrior with his

trappings_: gen. pl. searo-häbbendra, 237.

searo-net, st. n., _armor-net, shirt of mail, corselet_: nom. sg., 406.

searo-nîð, st. m.: 1) _cunning hostility, plot, wiles_: acc. pl.

searo-nîðas, 1201, 2739.--2) also, only _hostility, feud, contest_: acc.

pl. searo-nîðas, 3068; gen. pl. searo-nîða, 582.

searo-þanc, st. m., _ingenuity_: instr. pl. searo-þoncum, 776.

searo-wundor, st. n., _rare wonder_: acc. sg., 921.

seax, st. n., _shortsword, hip-knife; dagger_: instr. sg. seaxe,

1546.--Comp. wäl-seax.

seax-ben, st. f., _dagger-wound_: instr. pl. siex-bennum, 2905.

seofon, num., _seven_, 517; seofan, 2196; decl. acc. syfone, 3123.

seomian, w. v.: 1) intrans., _to be tied; lie at rest_: inf. siomian, 2768;

pret. sg. seomode, 302.--2) w. acc., _to put in bonds, entrap, catch_:

pret. sg. duguðe and geogoðe seomade (cf. 2086-2092), 161.

seonu, st. f., _sinew_: nom. pl. seonowe, 818.

seóc, adj., _feeble, weak; fatally ill_: nom. sg. feorh-bennum seóc (of

Beówulf, _sick unto death_), 2741; siex-bennum seóc (of the dead dragon),

2905; nom. pl. môdes seóce (_sick of soul_), 1604.--Comp.: ellen-, feorh-,

heaðo-seóc.

seóðan, st. v. w. acc., _to seethe, boil_; figuratively, _be excited over,

brood_: pret. sg. ic þäs môd-ceare sorh-wylmum seáð (_I pined in

heart-grief for that_), 1994; so, 190.

seóloð, st. m.?, _bight, bay_ (cf. Dietrich in Haupt XI. 416): gen. pl.

sióleða bi-gong (_the realm of bights_ = the [surface of the] sea?), 2368.

seón, sýn, st. f., _aspect, sight_: in comp. wlite-, wundor-seón, an-sýn.

seón, st. v., _to see_: a) w. acc.: inf. searo-wunder seón, 921; so, 387,

1181, 1276, 3103; þær mäg nihta ge-hwæm nîð-wundor seón (_there may every

night be seen a repulsive marvel_), 1366; pret. sg. ne seah ic ...

heal-sittendra medudreám mâran, 2015.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj.: ne

seah ic elþeódige þus manige men môdiglîcran, 336.--c) w. prep. or adv.:

pret. sg. seah on enta ge-weorc, 2718; seah on un-leófe, 2864; pl. folc tô

sægon (_looked on_), 1423.

ge-seón, _to see, behold_: a) w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se þe beáh ge-syhð,

2042; inf. ge-seón, 396, 571, 649, 962, 1079, etc.; pret. sg. geseah, 247,

927, 1558, 1614; pl. ge-sâwon, 1606, 2253.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj.,

pres. sg. III. ge-syhð ... on his suna bûre win-sele wêstne (_sees in his

son's house the wine-hall empty_; or, _hall of friends_?), 2456.--c) w.

inf.: pret. sg. ge-seah ... beran ofer bolcan beorhte randas (_saw shining

shields borne over the gang-plank_), 229; pret. pl. mære mâððum-sweord

monige ge-sâwon beforan beorn beran, 1024.--d) w. acc. and inf.: pret. sg.

ge-seah, 729, 1517, 1586, 1663, 2543, 2605, etc.; pl. ge-sâwon, 221, 1348,

1426; ge-sêgan, 3039; ge-sêgon, 3129.--e) w. depend, clause: inf. mäg þonne

... geseón sunu Hrêðles, þät ic (_may the son of H. see that I..._), 1486;

pret. pl. ge-sâwon, 1592.

geond-seón, _to see, look through, over_, w. acc.: pret. sg. (ic) þät eall

geond-seh, 3088.

ofer-seón, _to see clearly, plainly_: pret. pl. ofer-sâwon, 419.

on-seón, _to look on, at_, w. acc.: pret. pl. on-sâwon, 1651.

seówian, w. v., _to sew, put together, link_: pret. part. searo-net seówed

smiðes or-þancum (_the corselet woven by the smith's craft_), 406.

sib, st. f., _peace, friendship, relationship_: nom. sg., 1165, 1858; sibb,

2601; acc. sibbe, 950, 2432, 2923; instr. sg. sibbe (_in peace_?),

154.--Comp.: dryht-, friðo-sib.

sib-äðeling, st. m., _nobilis consanguineus, kindred prince_ or _nobleman_:

nom. pl. -äðelingas, 2709.

sibbe-gedryht, st. f., _body of allied_ or _related warriors_: acc. sg.

sibbe-gedriht (the Danes), 387; (the Geátas), 730.

siððan, syððan: 1) adv.: a) _since, after, from now on, further_, 142, 149,

283, 567, 1903, 2052, 2065, 2176, 2703, 2807, 2921; seoððan, 1876.--b)

_then, thereupon, after_, 470, 686, 1454, 1557, 1690, 2208; seoððan, 1938;

ær ne siððan (_neither before nor after_), 719.

2) Conj.: a) w. ind. pres., _as soon as, when_, 413, 605, 1785, 2889,

2912.--b) w. ind. pret., _when, whilst_, 835, 851, 1205, 1207, 1421, 1590,

2357, 2961, 2971, 3128; seoððan, 1776;--_since_, 649, 657, 983, 1199, 1254,

1309, 2202;--_after_, either with pluperf.: siððan him scyppend forscrifen

häfde (_after the Creator had proscribed him_), 106; so, 1473; or with

pret. = pluperf.: syððan niht becom (_after night had come on_), 115; so,

6, 132, 723, 887, 902, 1078, 1149, 1236, 1262, 1282, 1979, 2013, 2125; or

pret. and pluperf. together, 2104-2105.

siex. See seax.

sige-dryhten, st. m., _lord of victory, victorious lord_: nom. sg.

sige-drihten, 391.

sige-eádig, adj., _blest with victory, victorious_: acc. sg. neut.

sige-eádig bil, 1558.

sige-folc, st. n., _victorious people, troop_: gen. pl. sige-folca, 645.

sige-hrêð, st. f., _confidence of victory_(?): acc. sg., 490. See Note.

sige-hrêðig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 94, 1598, 2757.

sige-hwîl, st. f., _hour_ or _day of victory_: gen. sg. sige-hwîle, 2711.

sige-leás, adj., _devoid of victory, defeated_: acc. sg. sige-leásne sang,

788.

sige-rôf, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 620.

sige-þeód, st. f., _victorious warrior troop_: dat. sg. on sige-þeóde,

2205.

sige-wæpen, st. n., _victor-weapon, sword_: dat. pl. sige-wæpnum, 805.

sigl, st. n.: 1) _sun_: nom. sg. sigel, 1967.--2) _sun-shaped ornament_:

acc. pl. siglu, 3165; sigle (bracteates of a necklace), 1201; gen. pl.

sigla, 1158.--Comp. mâððum-sigl.

sigor, st. m., _victory_: gen. sg. sigores, 1022; gen. pl. sigora, 2876,

3056.--Comp.: hrêð-, wîg-sigor.

sigor-eádig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg. sigor-eádig secg (of Beówulf),

1312, 2353.

sin. See syn.

sinc, st. n., _treasure, jewel, property_: nom. sg., 2765; acc. sg. sinc,

81, 1205, 1486, 2384, 2432; instr. sg. since, 1039, 1451, 1616, 1883, 2218,

2747; gen. sg. sinces, 608, 1171, 1923, 2072; gen. pl. sinca, 2429.

sinc-fâh, adj., _treasure-decked_: acc. sg. neut. weak form, sinc-fâge sel,

167.

sinc-fät, st. n., _costly vessel_: acc. sg., 2232, 2301;--_a costly

object_: acc. sg., 1201 (i.e. mene); acc. pl. sinc-fato, 623.

sinc-ge-streón, st. n., _precious treasure, jewel of value _: instr. pl.

-gestreónum, 1093; gen. pl. -gestreóna, 1227.

sinc-gifa, w. m., _jewel-giver, treasure-giver = prince, ruler_: acc. sg.

sinc-gyfan, 1013; dat. sg. sinc-gifan (of Beówulf), 2312; (of Äschere),

1343.

sinc-mâððum, st. m., _treasure_: nom. sg., 2194.

sinc-þego, f., _acceptance, taking, of jewels_: nom. sg., 2885.

sin-dolh, st. n., _perpetual_, i.e. incurable, _wound_: nom. sg. syn-dolh,

818.

sin-freá, w. m., _wedded lord, husband_: nom. sg., 1935.

sin-gal, adj., _continual, lasting_: acc. sg. fem, sin-gale säce, 154.

sin-gales, adv. gen. sg., _continually, ever_, 1778; syngales, 1136.

singala, adv. gen. pl., the same, 190.

singan, st. v., _to sound, ring, sing_: pret. sg. hring-îren scîr song in

searwum (_the ringed iron rang in the armor_), 323; horn stundum song

fûs-lîc f[yrd]-leóð (_at times the horn rang forth a ready battle-song_),

1424; scôp hwîlum sang (_the singer sang at whiles_), 496.

â-singan, _to sing out, sing to an end_: pret. part. leóð wäs â-sungen,

1160.

sin-here, st. m., (_army without end_?), _strong army, host_: instr. sg.

sin-herge, 2937.

sin-niht, st. f., _perpetual night, night after night_: acc. pl. sin-nihte

(_night after night_), 161.

sin-sceaða, w. m., _irreconcilable foe_: nom. sg. syn-scaða, 708; acc. sg.

syn-scaðan, 802.

sin-snæd, st. f., (_continuous biting_) _bite after bite_: dat. pl.

syn-snædum swealh (_swallowed bite after bite, in great bites_), 744.

sittan, st. v.: 1) _to sit_: pres. sg. Wîglâf siteð ofer Biówulfe, 2907;

imper. sg. site nu tô symle, 489; inf. þær swîð-ferhðe sittan eodon

(_whither the strong-minded went and sat_), 493; eode ... tô hire freán

sittan (_went to sit by her lord_), 642; pret. sg. on wicge sät (_sat on

the horse_), 286; ät fôtum sät (_sat at the feet_), 500, 1167; þær Hrôðgâr

sät (_where H. sat_), 356; so, 1191, 2895; he gewêrgad sät ... freán eaxlum

neáh, 2854; pret. pl. sæton, 1165; gistas sêtan (MS. sêcan) ... and on mere

staredon (_the strangers sat and stared on the sea_), 1603.--2) _to be in a

certain state_ or _condition_ (_quasi_ copula): pret. sg. mære þeóden ...

unblîðe sät, 130.--Comp.: flet-, heal-sittend.

be-sittan, obsidere, _to surround, besiege_, w. acc.: besät þâ sin-herge

sweorda lâfe wundum wêrge (_then besieged he with a host the leavings of

the sword, wound-weary_), 2937.

for-sittan, obstrui, _to pass away, fail_: pres. sg. eágena bearhtm

for-siteð (_the light of the eyes passeth away_), 1768.

ge-sittan: 1) _to sit, sit together_: pret. sg. monig-oft ge-sät rîce to

rûne (_very often sat the king deliberating with his council_ (see rîce),

171; wið earm ge-sät (_supported himself upon his arm, sat on his arm_?),

750; fêða eal ge-sät (_the whole troop sat down_), 1425; ge-sät þâ wið

sylfne (_sat there beside, near to, him_, i.e. Hygelâc), 1978;

ge-sät þâ on nässe, 2418; so, 2718; pret. part. (syððan) ... we tô symble

ge-seten häfdon, 2105.--2) w. acc., _to seat one's self upon_ or _in

something, to board_: pret. sg. þâ ic ... sæ-bât ge-sät, 634.

of-sittan, w. acc., _to sit over_ or _upon_: pret. sg. of-sät þâ þone

sele-gyst, 1546.

ofer-sittan, w. acc., _to dispense with, refrain from_ (cf. ofer, 2 [c]):

pres. sg. I. þät ic wið þone gûð-flogan gylp ofer-sitte, 2529; inf. secge

ofer-sittan, 685.

on-sittan (O.H.G. int-sizzan, _to start from one's seat, to be startled_),

w. acc., _to fear_: inf. þâ fæhðe, atole ecg-þräce eówer leóde sîwðe

onsittan _to dread the hostility, the fierce contest, of your people_, 598.

ymb-sittan, _to sit around_, w. acc.: pret. pl. (þät hie) ... symbel

ymb-sæton (_sat round the feast_), 564. See ymb-sittend.

sîd, adj.: 1) _wide, broad, spacious, large_: nom. sg. (here-byrne, glôf)

sîd, 1445, 2087; acc. sg. m. sîdne scyld, 437; on sîdne sæ, 507; fem.

byrnan sîde (of a corselet extending over the legs), 1292; ofer sæ sîde,

2395; neut. sîde rîce, 1734, 2200; instr. sg. sîdan herge, 2348; acc. pl.

sîde sæ-nässas, 223; sîde scyldas, 325; gen. pl. sîdra sorga (_of great

sorrows_), 149.--2) in moral sense, _great, noble_: acc. sg. þurh sîdne

sefan, 1727.

side, adv., _far and wide, afar_, 1224.

sîd-fäðme, adj., _broad-bosomed_: acc. sg. sîd-fäðme scip, 1918.

sîd-fäðmed, _quasi_ pret. part., the same: nom. sg. sîd-fäðmed scip, 302.

sîd-rand, st. m., _broad shield_: nom. sg., 1290.

sîð (G. seþu-s), adj., _late_: superl. nom. sg. sîðast sige-hwîle (_the

last hour, day, of victory_), 2711; dat. sg. ät sîðestan (_in the end, at

last_), 3014.

sîð, adv. compar., _later_: ær and sîð (_sooner and later, early and

late_), 2501.

sîð (G. sinþ-s), st. m.: l) _road, way, journey, expedition_; esp., _road

to battle_: nom. sg., 501, 3059, 3090; näs þät êðe sîð (_that was no easy

road, task_), 2587; so, þät wäs geócor sîð, 766; acc. sg. sîð, 353, 512,

909, 1279, 1430, 1967; instr. dat. sîðe, 532, 1952, 1994; gen. sg. sîðes,

579, 1476, 1795, 1909. Also, _return_: nom. sg., 1972.--2) _undertaking,

enterprise_; esp., _battle-work_: nom. sg. nis þät eówer sîð, 2533; ne bið

swylc earges sîð (_such is no coward's enterprise_), 2542; acc. sg. sîð,

873. In pl.= _adventures_: nom. sîðas, 1987; acc. sîðas, 878; gen. sîða,

318.--3) time (as iterative): nom. sg. näs þät forma sîð (_that was not the

first time_), 717, 1464; so, 1528, 2626; acc. sg. oftor micle þonne on ænne

sîð, 1580; instr. sg. (forman, ôðre, þriddan) sîðe, 741, 1204, 2050, 2287,

2512, 2518, 2671, 2689, 3102.--Comp.: cear-, eft-, ellor-, gryre-, sæ-,

wil-, wræc-sîð.

ge-sîð, st. m., _comrade, follower_: gen. sg. ge-sîðes, 1298; nom. pl.

ge-sîðas, 29; acc. pl. ge-sîðas, 2041, 2519; dat. pl. ge-sîðum, 1314, 1925,

2633; gen. pl. ge-sîða, 1935.--Comp.: eald-, wil-gesîð.

sîð-fät, st. m., _way, journey_: acc. sg. þone sîð-fät, 202; dat. sg.

sîð-fate, 2640.

sîð-fram, -from, adj., _ready for the journey_: nom. pl. sîð-frome, 1814.

sîðian, w. v., _to journey, march_: inf., 721, 809; pret. sg. sîðode, 2120.

for-sîðian, _iter fatale inire_ (Grein): pret. sg. häfde þâ for-sîðod sunu

Ecg-þeówes under gynne grund _(would have found his death_, etc.), 1551.

sîe, sý. See wesan.

sîgan, st. v., _to descend, sink, incline_: pret. pl. sigon ät-somne

(_descended together_), 307; sigon þâ tô slæpe _(they sank to sleep_),

1252.

ge-sîgan, _to sink, fall_: inf. ge-sîgan ät säcce (_fall in battle_), 2660.

sîn, poss. pron., _his_: acc. sg. m. sînne, 1961, 1985, 2284, 2790; dat.

sg. sînum, 1508.

slæp, st. m., _sleep_: nom. sg., 1743; dat. sg. tô slæpe, 1252.

slæpan, st. v., _to sleep_: pres. part. nom. sg. slæpende, 2220; acc. sg.

he gefêng ... slæpendne rinc (_seized a sleeping warrior]_, 742; acc. pl.

slæpende frät folces Denigea fîftyne men _(devoured, sleeping, fifteen of

the people of the Danes_), 1582.

sleac, adj., _slack, lazy_: nom. sg., 2188.

sleahan, sleán: 1) _to strike, strike at_: a) intrans.: pres. subj. sg. þät

he me ongeán sleá (_that he should strike at me_), 682; pret. sg. yrringa

slôh (_struck angrily_), 1566; so, slôh hilde-bille, 2680. b) trans.: pret.

sg. þät he þone nîð-gäst nioðor hwêne slôh _(that he struck the dragon

somewhat lower_, etc.), 2700.--2) w. acc.: _to slay, kill_: pret. sg. þäs

þe he Abel slôg (_because he slew A._), 108; so, slôg, 421, 2180; slôh,

1582, 2356; pl. slôgon, 2051; pret. part. þâ wäs Fin slägen, 1153.

ge-sleán, w. acc.: 1) _to fight a battle_: pret. sg. ge-slôh þîn fäder

fæhðe mæste, 459.--2) _to gain by fighting_: syððan hie þâ mærða ge-slôgon,

2997.

of-sleán, _to ofslay, kill_, w. acc.: pret. sg. of-slôh, 574, 1666, 3061.

slîðe (G. sleiþ-s), adj., _savage, fierce, dangerous_: acc. sg. þurh slîðne

nîð, 184; gen. pl. slîðra ge-slyhta, 2399.

slîðen, adj., _furious, savage, deadly_ nom. sg. sweord-bealo slîðen, 1148.

slîtan, st. v., _to slit, tear to pieces_, w. acc.: pret. sg. slât

(slæpendne rinc), 742.

slyht, st. m., _blow_: in comp. and-slyht.

ge-slyht, st. n. (collective), _battle, conflict_: gen. pl. slîðra

ge-slyhta, 2399.

smið, st. m., _smith, armorer_: nom. sg. wæpna smið, 1453; gen. sg. smiðes,

406.--Comp. wundor-smið.

be-smiðian, w. v., _to surround with iron-work, bands_, etc.: pret. part.

he (the hall Heorot) þäs fäste wäs innan and ûtan îren-bendum searo-þoncum

besmiðod (i.e. the beams out of which the hall was built were held together

skilfully, within and without, by iron clamps), 776.

snell, adj., _fresh, vigorous, lively; of martial temper_: nom. sg. se

snella, 2972.

snellîc, adj., the same: nom. sg., 691.

snotor, snottor, adj., _clever, wise, intelligent_: nom. sg. snotor, 190,

827, 909, 1385; in weak form, (se) snottra, 1314, 1476, 1787; snotra, 2157,

3121; nom. pl. snotere, 202, 416; snottre, 1592.--Comp. fore-snotor.

snotor-lîce, adv., _intelligently, wisely_: compar. snotor-lîcor, 1483.

snûde, adv., _hastily, quickly, soon_, 905, 1870, 1972, 2326, 2569, 2753.

be-snyðian, w. v., _to rob, deprive of_: pret. sg. þätte Ongenþió ealdre

be-snyðede Hæðcyn, 2925.

snyrian, w. v., _to hasten, hurry_: pret. pl. snyredon ät-somne (_hurried

forward together_), 402.

snyttru, f., _intelligence, wisdom_: acc. sg. snyttru, 1727; dat. pl. mid

môdes snyttrum, 1707; þe we ealle ær ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed

which all of us together could not accomplish before with all our wisdom_),

943. Adv., _wisely_, 873.

somne. See samne.

sorgian, w. v.: 1) _to be grieved, sorrow_: imper. sg. II. ne sorga!

1385.--2) _to care for, trouble one's self about_: inf. nô þu ymb mînes ne

þearft lîces feorme leng sorgian (_thou needst not care longer about my

life's [body's] sustenance_), 451.

sorh, st. f., _grief, pain, sorrow_: nom. sg., 1323; sorh is me tô secganne

(_pains me to say_), 473; acc. sg. sorge, 119, 2464; dat. instr. sg. mid

þære sorge, 2469; sorge (_in sorrow, grieved_), 1150; gen. sg. worna fela

... sorge, 2005; dat. pl. sorgum, 2601; gen. pl. sorga, 149.--Comp.: hyge-,

inwit-, þegn-sorh.

sorh-cearig, adj., _curis sollicitus, heart-broken_: nom. sg., 2456.

sorh-ful, adj., _sorrowful, troublesome, difficult_: nom. sg., 2120; acc.

sg. sorh-fullne (sorh-fulne) sîð, 512, 1279, 1430.

sorh-leás, adj., _free from sorrow_ or _grief_: nom. sg., 1673.

sorh-leoð, st. n., _dirge, song of sorrow_: acc. sg., 2461.

sorh-wylm, st. m., _wave of sorrow_ nom. pl. sorh-wylmas, 905.

sôcn, st. f., _persecution, hostile pursuit_ or _attack_ (see sêcan): dat,

(instr.) þære sôcne (by reason of Grendel's persecution), 1778.

sôð, st. n., _sooth, truth_:: acc. sg. sôð, 532, 701, 1050, 1701, 2865;

dat. sg. tô sôðe (_in truth_), 51, 591, 2326.

sôð, adj., _true, genuine_: nom. sg, þät is sôð metod, 1612; acc. sg. n.

gyd âwräc sôð and sâr-lîc, 2110.

sôðe, adv., _truly, correctly, accurately_, 524; sôðe gebunden (of

alliterative verse: _accurately put together_), 872.

sôð-cyning, st. m., _true king_: nom. sg. sigora sôð-cyning (_God_), 3056.

sôð-fäst, adj., _soothfast, established in truth, orthodox_ (here used of

the Christian martyrs): gen. pl. sôð-fästra dôm (_glory, realm, of the

saints_), 2821.

sôð-lîce, adv., _in truth, truly, truthfully_, 141, 273, 2900.

sôfte, adv., _gently, softly_: compar. þý sêft (_the more easily_),

2750.--Comp. un-sôfte.

sôna, adv., _soon, immediately_, 121, 722, 744, 751, 1281, 1498, 1592,

1619, 1763, etc.

on-spannan, st. v., _to un-span, unloose_: pret. sg. his helm on-speón

(_loosed his helm_), 2724.

spel, st. n., _narrative, speech_: acc. sg. spell, 2110; acc. pl. spel,

874; gen. pl. spella, 2899, 3030.--Comp. weá-spel.

spêd, st. f.: 1) _luck, success_: in comp. here-, wîg-spêd.--2) _skill,

facility_: acc. sg. on spêd (_skilfully_), 874.

spîwan, st. v., _to spit, spew_, w. instr.: inf. glêdum spîwan (_spit

fire_), 2313

spor, st. n., _spur_: in comp. hand-spor.

spôwan, st. v., _to speed well, help, avail_: pret. sg. him wiht ne speów

(_availed him naught_), 2855; hû him ät æte speów (_how he sped in the

eating_), 3027.

spræc, st. f., _speech, language_: instr. sg. frêcnan spræce (_through

bold, challenging, discourse_), 1105.--Comp.: æfen-, gylp-spræc.

sprecan, st. v., _to speak_: inf. ic sceal forð sprecan gen ymbe Grendel

_(I shall go on speaking about G._), 2070; w. acc. se þe wyle sôð sprecan

(_he who will speak the truth_), 2865; imper. tô Geátum sprec (spræc, MS.),

1172; pret. sg. III. spräc, 1169, 1699, 2511, 2725; word äfter spräc, 341;

nô ymbe þâ fæhðe spräc, 2619; II. hwät þu worn fela ... ymb Brecan spræce

(_how much thou hast spoken of Breca!_), 531; pl. hwät wit geó spræcon

(_what we two spoke of before_), 1477; gomele ymb gôdne on-geador spræcon,

þät big ... _(the graybeards spoke together about the valiant one, that

they ..._), 1596; swâ wit furðum spræcon (_as we two spoke, engaged,

before_), 1708; pret. part. þâ wäs ... þryð-word sprecen, 644.

ge-sprecan, w. acc., _to speak_: pret. sg. ge-spräc, 676, 1399, 1467, 3095.

spreót, st. m., _pole; spear, pike_: in comp. eofor-spreót.

springan, st. v., _to jump, leap; flash_: pret. sg. hrâ wîde sprong _(the

body bounded far_), 1589; swât ædrum sprong forð under fexe (_the blood

burst out in streams from under his hair_), 2967; pl. wîde sprungon

hilde-leóman (_flashed afar_), 2583. Also figuratively: blæd wîde sprang

(_his repute spread afar_), 18.

ge-springan, _to spring forth_: pret. sg. swâ þät blôd ge-sprang (_as the

blood burst forth_), 1668. Figuratively, _to arise, originate_: pret. sg.

Sigemunde gesprong äfter deáð-däge dôm un-lytel, 885.

on-springan, _to burst in two, spring asunder_: pret. pl. seonowe

onsprungon, burston bânlocan 818.

standan, st. v.: 1) absolutely or with prep., _to stand_: pres. III. pl.

eóred-geatwe þe ge þær on standað (_the warlike accoutrements wherein ye

there stand_), 2867; inf. ge-seah ... orcas stondan (_saw vessels

standing_), 2761; pret. sg. ät hýðe stôd hringed-stefna (_in the harbor

stood the curved-prowed?, metal-covered?, ship_), 32; stôd on stapole

(_stood near the [middle] column_), 927; so, 1914, 2546; þät him on aldre

stôd here-stræl hearda (_that the sharp war-arrow stood in his vitals_),

1435; so, 2680; pl. gâras stôdon ... samod ät-gädere (_the spears stood

together_), 328; him big stôdan bunan and orcas (_by him stood cans and

pots_), 3048. Also of still water: pres. sg. III. nis þät feor heonon ...

þät se mere standeð, 1363.--2) with predicate adj., _to stand, continue in

a certain state_: subj. pres. þät þes sele stande ... rinca ge-hwylcum îdel

and unnyt (_that this hall stands empty and useless for every warrior_),

411; inf. hord-wynne fand eald uht-sceaða opene standan, 2272; pret. sg. ôð

þät îdel stôd hûsa sêlest, 145; so, 936; wäter under stôd dreórig and

ge-drêfed, 1418--3) _to belong_ or _attach to; issue_: pret. sg. Norð-Denum

stôd atelîc egesa (_great terror clung to, overcame, the North Danes_),

784; þâra ânum stôd sadol searwum fâh (_on one of the steeds lay an

ingeniously-inlaid saddle_), 1038; byrne-leóma eldum on andan (_burning

light stood forth, a horror to men_), 2314; leóht inne stôd (_a light stood

in it_, i.e. the sword), 1571; him of eágum stôd ... leóht unfäger (_an

uncanny light issued from his eyes_), 727; so, þät [fram] þam gyste

[gryre-] brôga stôd, 2229.

â-standan, _to stand up, arise_: pret. sg. â-stôd, 760, 1557, 2093.

ät-standan, _to stand at, near_, or _in_: pret. sg. þät hit (i.e. þät

swurd) on wealle ät-stôd, 892.

for-standan, _to stand against_ or _before_, hence: 1) _to hinder,

prevent_: pret. sg. (breóst-net) wið ord and wið ecge in-gang for-stôd

(_the shirt of mail prevented point or edge from entering_), 1550; subj.

nefne him witig god wyrd for-stôde (_if the wise God had not warded off

such a fate from them_, i.e. the men threatened by Grendel), 1057.--2)

_defend_, w. dat. of person against whom: inf. þät he ... mihte

heáðo-lîðendum hord for-standan, bearn and brýde (_that he might protect

his treasure, his children, and his spouse from the sea-farers_), 2956.

ge-standan, intrans., _to stand_: pret. sg. ge-stôd, 358, 404, 2567; pl.

nealles him on heápe hand-gesteallan ... ymbe gestôdon (_not at all did his

boon-companions stand serried around him_), 2597.

stapa, w. m., _stepper, strider_: in comp. hæð-, mearc-stapa.

stapan, st. v., _to step, stride, go forward_: pret. sg. eorl furður stôp,

762; gum-fêða stop lind-häbbendra (_the troop of shield-warriors strode

on_), 1402.

ät-stapan, _to stride up_ or _to_: pret. sg. forð neár ät-stôp (_strode up

nearer_), 746.

ge-stapan, _to walk, stride_: pret. sg. he to forð gestôp dyrnan cräfte,

dracan heáfde neáh (_he_, i.e. the man that robbed the dragon of the

vessel, _had through hidden craft come too near the dragon's head_), 2290.

stapol, st. m., (=[Greek: básis]), _trunk of a tree_; hence, _support,

pillar, column_: dat. sg. stôd on stapole (_stood by_ or _near the wooden

middle column of Heorot_), 927; instr. pl. þâ stân-bogan stapulum fäste

(_the arches of stone upheld by pillars_), 2719. See Note.

starian, w. v., _to stare, look intently at_: pres. sg. I. þät ic on þone

hafelan ... eágum starige (_that I see the head with my eyes_), 1782; þâra

frätwa ... þe ic her on starie (_for the treasures ... that I here look

upon_), 2797; III. þonne he on þät sine starað, 1486; sg. for pl. þâra þe

on swylc starað, 997; pret. sg. þät (sin-freá) hire an däges eágum starede,

1936; pl. on mere staredon, 1604.

stân, st. m., 1) _stone_: in comp. eorclan-stân.--2) _rock_: acc. sg. under

(ofer) hârne stân, 888, 1416, 2554, 2745; dat. sg. stâne, 2289, 2558.

stân-beorh, st. m., _rocky elevation, stony mountain_: acc. sg. stân-beorh

steápne, 2214.

stân-boga, w. m., _stone arch, arch hewn out of the rock_: dat. sg.

stân-bogan, 2546; nom. pl. stân-bogan, 2719.

stân-clif, st. n., _rocky cliff_: acc. pl. stân-cleofu, 2541.

stân-fâh, adj., _stone-laid, paved with stones of different colors_: nom.

sg. stræt wäs stân-fâh (_the street was of different colored stones_), 320.

stân-hlið, st. n., _rocky slope_: acc. pl. stân-hliðo, 1410.

stäf, st. m.: 1) _staff_: in comp. rûn-staf.--2) _elementum_: in comp. âr-,

ende-, fâcen-stäf.

stäl, st. m., _place, stead_: dat. sg. þät þu me â wære forð-gewitenum on

fäder stäle (_that thou, if I died, wouldst represent a father's place to

me_), 1480.

stælan, w. v., _to place; allure_ or _instigate_: inf. þâ ic on morgne

ge-frägn mæg ôðerne billes ecgum on bonan stælan _(then I learned that on

the morrow one brother instigated the other to murder with the sword's

edge_; or, _one avenged the other on the murderer_?, cf. 2962 seqq.), 2486.

ge-stælan, _to place, impose, institute_: pret. part. ge feor hafað fæhðe

ge-stæled (_Grendel's mother has further begun hostilities against us_),

1341.

stede, st. m., _place, -stead_: in comp. bæl-, burh-, folc-, heáh-, meðel-,

wang-, wîc-stede.

stefn, st. f., _voice_: nom. sg., 2553; instr. sg. niwan (niówan) stefne

(properly novâ voce) = denuo, _anew, again_, 2595, 1790.

stefn, st. m., _prow of a ship_: acc. sg., 213; see bunden-, hringed-,

wunden-stefna.

on-stellan, w. v., _constituere, to cause, bring about_: pret. sg. se þäs

or-leges ôr on-stealde, 2408.

steng, st. m., _pole, pike_: in comp wäl-steng.

ge-steppan, w. v., _to stride, go_: pret. sg. folce ge-stepte ofer sæ sîde

sunu Ôhtheres (_O.'s son_, i.e. Eádgils, _went with warriors over the broad

sea_), 2394.

stede (O.H.G. stâti, M.H.G. stæte), adj., _firm, steady_: nom. sg. wäs

stêde nägla ge-hwylc stýle ge-lîcost (_each nail-place was firm as steel_),

986.

stêpan, w. v. w. acc., _to exalt, honor_: pret. sg. þeáh þe hine mihtig god

... eafeðum stêpte, 1718.

ge-steald, st. n., _possessions, property_: in comp. in-gesteald, 1156.

ge-stealla, w. m., (contubernalis), _companion, comrade_: in comp. eaxl-,

fyrd-, hand-, lind-, nýd-ge-stealla.

stearc-heort, adj., (fortis animo), _stout-hearted, courageous_: nom. sg.

(of the dragon), 2289; (of Beówulf), 2553.

steáp, adj., _steep, projecting, towering_: acc. sg. steápne hrôf, 927;

stân-beorh steápne, 2214; wið steápne rond, 2567; acc. pl. m. beorgas

steápe, 222; neut. steáp stân-hliðo, 1410.--Comp. heaðo-steáp.

stille, adj., _still, quiet_: nom. sg. wîd-floga wundum stille, 2831.

stille, adv., _quietly_, 301.

stincan, st. v., _to smell; snuff_: pret. sg. stonc þâ äfter stâne

(_snuffed along the stone_), 2289.

stîð, adj., _hard, stiff_: nom. sg. wunden-mæl (swurd) ... stîð and

stýlecg, 1534.

stîð-môd, adj., _stout-hearted, unflinching_: nom. sg., 2567.

stîg, st. m., _way, path_: nom. sg., 320, 2214; acc. pl. stîge nearwe,

1410--Comp. medu-stîg.

stîgan, st. v., _to go, ascend_: pret. sg. þâ he tô holme [st]âg (_when he

plunged forward into the sea_), 2363; pl. beornas ... on stefn stigon, 212;

Wedera leóde on wang stigon, 225; subj. pret. ær he on bed stige, 677.

â-stîgan, _to ascend_: pres. sg. þonon ýð-geblond up â-stîgeð won tô

wolcnum, 1374; gûð-rinc â-stâh (_the fierce hero ascended_, i.e. was laid

on the pyre? or, _the fierce smoke_ [rêc] _ascended?_), 1119; gamen eft

â-stâh (_joy again went up, resounded_), 1161; wudu-rêc â-stâh sweart of

swioðole, 3145; swêg up â-stâg, 783.

ge-stîgan, _to ascend, go up_: pret. sg. þâ ic on holm ge-stâh, 633.

storm, st. m., _storm_: nom. sg. stræla storm (_storm of missiles_), 3118;

instr. sg. holm storme weól (_the sea billowed stormily_), 1132.

stôl, st. m., _chair, throne, seat_: in comp. brego-, êðel-, gif-,

gum-stôl.

stôw, st. f., _place, -stow_: nom. sg. nis þät heóru stôw (_a haunted

spot_), 1373; acc. sg. frêcne stôwe, 1379; grund-bûendra gearwe stôwe _(the

place prepared for men_, i.e. death-bed; see gesacan and ge-nýdan), 1007:

comp. wäl-stow.

strang, strong, adj., _strong; valiant; mighty_: nom. sg. wäs þät ge-win tô

strang (_that sorrow was too great_), 133; þu eart mägenes strang (_strong

of body_), 1845; wäs sió hond tô strong (_the hand was too powerful_),

2685; superl. wîgena strengest (_strongest of warriors_), 1544; mägenes

strengest (_strongest in might_), 196; mägene strengest, 790.

strâdan? (cf. stræde = passus, gressus), _to tread_, (be)-_stride, stride

over_ (Grein): subj. pres. se þone wong strâde, 3074. See Note.

stræl, st. m., _arrow, missile_: instr. sg. biteran stræle, 1747; gen. pl.

stræla storm, 3118.

stræt, st. f., _street, highway_: nom. sg., 320; acc. sg. stræte, 1635;

fealwe stræte, 917.--Comp.: lagu-, mere-stræt.

strengel, st. m., (_endowed with strength_), _ruler, chief_: acc. sg.

wîgena strengel, 3116.

strengo, st. f., _strength, power, violence_: acc. sg. mägenes strenge,

1271; dat. sg. strenge, 1534; strengo, 2541;--dat. pl. strengum =

_violently, powerfully_ [_loosed from the strings_?], 3118: in comp.

hilde-, mägen-, mere-strengo.

strêgan (O.S. strôwian), w. v., _to strew, spread_: pret. part, wäs þäm

yldestan ... morðorbed strêd (_the death-bed was spread for the eldest

one_), 2437.

streám, st. m., _stream, flood, sea_: acc. sg. streám, 2546; nom. pl.

streámas, 212; acc. pl. streámas, 1262: comp. brim-, eágor-, firgen-,

lagu-streám.

ge-streón (cf. streón = robur, vis), st. n., _property, possessions_;

hence, _valuables, treasure, jewels_: nom. pl. Heaðo-beardna ge-streón

(_the costly treasure of the Heathobeardas_, i.e. the accoutrements

belonging to the slain H.), 2038; acc. pl. äðelinga, eorla ge-streón, 1921,

3168.--Comp.: ær-, eald-, eorl-, heáh-, hord-, long-, mâðm-, sinc-,

þeód-ge-streón.

strûdan, st. v., _to plunder, carry off_: subj. pres. näs þâ on hlytme hwâ

þät hord strude, 3127.

ge-strýnan, w. v. w. acc., _to acquire, gain_: inf. þäs þe (_because_) ic

môste mînum leódum ... swylc ge-strýnan, 2799.

stund, st. f., _time, space of time, while_: adv. dat. pl. stundum (_at

times_), 1424.

styrian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to arrange, put in order, tell_: inf. secg eft

on-gan sîð Beówulfes snyttrum styrian (_the poet then began to tell B.'s

feat skilfully_, i.e. put in poetic form), 873.--2) _to rouse, stir up_:

pres. sg. III. þonne wind styreð lâð ge-widru (_when the wind stirreth up

the loathly weather_), 1375.--3) _to move against, attack, disturb_: subj.

pres. þät he ... hring-sele hondum styrede (_that he should attack the

ring-hall with his hands_), 2841.

styrman, w. v., _to rage, cry out_: pret. sg. styrmde, 2553.

stýle, st. n., _steel_: dat. sg. stýle, 986.

stýl-ecg, adj., _steel-edged_: nom. sg., 1534.

be-stýman, w. v., _to inundate, wet, flood_: pret. part. (wæron) eal

benc-þelu blôde be-stýmed, 486.

suhtor-ge-fäderan (collective), w. m. pl., _uncle and nephew, father's

brother and brother's son_: nom. pl., 1165.

sum, pron.: 1) indef., _one, a, any, a certain_; neut. _something_: a)

without part. gen.: nom. sg. sum, 1252; hilde-rinc sum, 3125; neut. ne

sceal þær dyrne sum wesan (_naught there shall be hidden_), 271; acc. sg.

m. sumne, 1433; instr. sg. sume worde (_by a word, expressly_), 2157; nom.

pl. sume, 400, 1114; acc. pl. sume, 2941. b) with part. gen.: nom. sg.

gumena sum (_one of men, a man_), 1500, 2302; mere-hrägla sum, 1906; þät

wäs wundra sum, 1608; acc. sg. gylp-worda sum, 676. c) with gen. of

cardinals or notions of multitude: nom. sg. fîftena sum (_one of fifteen,

with fourteen companions_), 207; so, eahta sum, 3124; feára sum (_one of

few, with a few_), 1413; acc. sg. manigra sumne (_one of many, with many_),

2092; manna cynnes sumne (_one of the men_), i.e. one of the watchmen in

Heorot), 714; feára sumne (_some few, one of few_; or, _one of the foes_?),

3062.--2) with part. gen. sum sometimes = _this, that, the

afore-mentioned_: nom. sg. eówer sum (_a certain one, that one, of you_,

i.e. Beówulf), 248; gûð-beorna sum (_the afore-mentioned warrior_, i.e. who

had shown the way to Hrôðgâr's palace), 314; eorla sum (_the said knight_,

i.e. Beówulf), 1313; acc. sg. hord-ärna sum (_a certain hoard-hall_), 2280.

sund, st. m.: 1) _swimming_: acc. sg. ymb sund, 507; dat. sg. ät sunde (_in

swimming_), 517; on sunde (_a-swimming_), 1619; gen. sg. sundes, 1437.--2)

_sea, ocean, sound_: nom. sg., 223; acc. sg. sund, 213, 512, 539, 1427,

1445.

ge-sund, adj., _sound, healthy, unimpaired_: acc. sg. m. ge-sundne, 1629,

1999; nom. pl. ge-sunde, 2076; acc. pl. w. gen. fäder alwalda ... eówic

ge-healde sîða ge-sunde (_the almighty Father keep you safe and sound on

your journey!_), 318.--Comp. an-sund.

sund-ge-bland, st. n., (_the commingled sea_), _sea-surge, sea-wave_: acc.

sg., 1451.

sund-nyt, st. f., _swimming-power_ or _employment, swimming_: acc. sg.

sund-nytte dreáh (_swam through the sea_), 2361.

sundur, sundor, adv., _asunder, in twain_: sundur gedælan (_to separate,

sunder_), 2423.

sundor-nyt, st. f., _special service_ (service in a special case): acc. sg.

sundor-nytte, 668.

sund-wudu, st. m., (_sea-wood_), _ship_: nom. acc. sg. sund-wudu, 208,

1907.

sunne, w. f., _sun_: nom. sg., 607; gen. sg. sunnan, 94, 649.

sunu, st. m., _son_: nom. sg., 524, 591, 646, 981, 1090, 1486, etc.; acc.

sg. sunu, 268, 948, 1116, 1176, 1809, 2014, 2120; dat. sg. suna, 344, 1227,

2026, 2161, 2730; gen. sg. suna, 2456, 2613, (1279); nom. pl. suna, 2381.

sûð, adv., _south, southward_, 859.

sûðan, adv., _from the south_, 607; sigel sûðan fûs (_the sun inclined from

the south_), 1967.

swaðrian, w. v., _to sink to rest, grow calm_: brimu swaðredon (_the waves

became calm_), 570. See sweðrian.

swaðu, st. f., _trace, track, pathway_: acc. sg. swaðe, 2099.--Comp.:

swât-, wald-swaðu.

swaðul, st. m.? n.?, _smoke, mist_ (Dietrich in Haupt V. 215): dat. sg. on

swaðule, 783. See sweoðol.

swancor, adj., _slender, trim_: acc. pl. þrió wicg swancor, 2176.

swan-râd, st. f., _swan-road, sea_: acc. sg. ofer swan-râde, 200.

and-swarian, w. v., _to answer_: pret. sg. him se yldesta and-swarode, 258;

so, 340.

swâ: 1) demons, adv., _so, in such a manner, thus_: swâ sceal man dôn,

1173, 1535; swâ þâ driht-guman dreámum lifdon, 99; þät ge-äfndon swâ (_that

we thus accomplished_), 538; þær hie meahton (i.e. feorh ealgian), 798; so,

20, 144, 189, 559, 763, 1104, 1472, 1770, 2058, 2145, 2178, 2991; swâ

manlîce _(so like a man_), 1047; swâ fela (_so many_), 164, 592; swâ

deórlîce dæd (_so valiant a deed_), 585; hine swâ gôdne (_him so good_),

347; on swâ geongum feore (_in so youthful age_), 1844; ge-dêð him swâ

ge-wealdene worolde dælas þät ... (_makes parts of the world so subject to

him that_...), 1733. In comparisons = _ever, the_ (adv.): me þîn môd-sefa

lîcað leng swâ wel (_thy mind pleases me ever so well, the longer the

better_), 1855. As an asseverative = _so_: swâ me Higelâc sîe ... môdes

blîðe (_so be Higelac gracious-minded to me!_), 435; swâ þeáh

(_nevertheless, however_), 973, 1930, 2879; swâ þêh, 2968; hwäðre swâ þeáh

(_yet however_), 2443.--2): a) conj., _as, so as_: ôð þät his byre mihte

eorlscipe efnan swâ his ærfäder (_until his son might do noble deeds, as

his old father did_), 2623; eft swâ ær (_again as before_), 643;--with

indic.: swâ he selfa bäd (_as he himself requested_), 29; swâ he oft dyde

(_as he often did_), 444; gæð â Wyrd swâ hió sceal, 455; swâ guman

gefrungon, 667; so, 273, 352, 401, 561, 1049, 1056, 1059, 1135, 1232, 1235,

1239, 1253, 1382, etc.;--with subj.: swâ þîn sefa hwette _(as pleases thy

mind_, i.e. any way thou pleasest), 490. b) _as, as then, how_, 1143; swâ

hie â wæron ... nýd-gesteallan (_as they were ever comrades in need_), 882;

swâ hit diópe ... be-nemdon þeódnas mære (_as, [how?] the mighty princes

had deeply cursed it_), 3070; swâ he manna wäs wîgend weorðfullost (_as he

of men the worthiest warrior was_), 3099. c) _just as, the moment when_:

swâ þät blôd gesprang, 1668. d) _so that_: swâ he ne mihte nô (_so that he

might not..._), 1509; so, 2185, 2007.--3) = qui, quae, quod, German so:

worhte wlite-beorhtne wang swâ wäter bebûgeð (_wrought the beauteous plain

which_ (acc.) _water surrounds_), 93.--4) swâ ... swâ = _so ... as_, 595,

687-8, 3170; efne swâ ... swâ (_even so ... as_), 1093-4, 1224, 1284; efne

swâ hwylc mägða swâ (_such a woman as, whatsoever woman_), 944; efne swâ

hwylcum manna swâ (_even so to each man as_), 3058.

for-swâfan, st. v., _to carry away, sweep off_: pret. sg. ealle Wyrd

for-sweóf mîne mâgas tô metod-sceafte, 2815.

for-swâpan, st. v., _to sweep off, force_: pret. sg. hie Wyrd forsweóp on

Grendles gryre, 477.

swât, st. m., (_sweat_), _wound-blood_: nom. sg., 2694, 2967; instr. sg.

swâte, 1287.--Comp. heaðo-, hilde-swât.

swât-fâh, adj., _blood-stained_: nom. sg., 1112.

swâtig, adj., _gory_: nom. sg., 1570.

swât-swaðu, st. f., _blood-trace_: nom. sg., 2947.

be-swælan, w. v., _to scorch_: pret. part. wäs se lêg-draca ... glêdum

beswæled, 3042.

swæs, adj., _intimate, special, dear_: acc. sg. swæsne êðel, 520; nom. pl.

swæse ge-sîðas, 29; acc. pl. leóde swæse, 1869; swæse ge-sîðas, 2041; gen.

pl. swæsra ge-sîða, 1935.

swæs-lîce, adv., _pleasantly, in a friendly manner_, 3090.

swebban, w. v., (_to put to sleep_), _to kill_: inf. ic hine sweorde

swebban nelle, 680; pres. sg. III. (absolutely) swefeð, 601.

â-swebban, _to kill, slay_: pret. part. nom. pl. sweordum â-swefede, 567.

sweðrian, w. v., _to lessen, diminish_: inf. þät þät fyr ongan sweðrian,

2703; pret. siððan Heremôdes hild sweðrode, 902.

swefan, st. v.: 1) _to sleep_: pres. sg. III. swefeð, 1742; inf. swefan,

119, 730, 1673; pret. sg. swäf, 1801; pl. swæfon, 704; swæfun, 1281.--2)

_to sleep the death-sleep, die_: pres. sg. III. swefeð, 1009, 2061, 2747;

pl. swefað, 2257, 2458.

swegel, st. n., _ether, clear sky_: dat. sg. under swegle, 1079, 1198; gen.

sg. under swegles begong, 861, 1774.

swegle, adj., _bright, etherlike, clear_: acc. pl. swegle searo-gimmas,

2750.

swegel-wered, _quasi_ pret. part., _ether-clad_: nom. sg. sunne

swegl-wered, 607.

swelgan, st. v., _to swallow_: pret. sg. w. instr. syn-snædum swealh

(_swallowed in great bites_), 744; object omitted, subj. pres. nymðe lîges

fäðm swulge on swaðule, 783.

for-swelgan, w. acc., _to swallow, consume_: pret. sg. for-swealg, 1123,

2081.

swellan, st. v., _to swell_: inf. þâ sió wund on-gan ... swêlan and

swellan, 2714.

sweltan, st. v., _to die, perish_: pret. sg. swealt, 1618, 2475; draca

morðre swealt (_died a violent death_), 893, 2783; wundor-deáðe swealt,

3038; hioro-dryncum swealt, 2359.

swencan, w. v., _to swink, oppress, strike_: pret. sg. hine wundra þäs fela

swencte (MS. swecte) on sunde, 1511.

ge-swencan, _to oppress, strike, injure_: pret. sg. syððan hine Hæðcyn ...

flâne geswencte, 2439; pret. part. synnum ge-swenced, 976; hæðstapa hundum

ge-swenced, 1369.--Comp. lyft-ge-swenced.

sweng, st. m., _blow, stroke_: dat. sg. swenge, 1521, 2967; swenge _(with

its stroke_), 2687; instr. pl. sweordes swengum, 2387.--Comp.: feorh-,

hete-, heaðo-, heoro-sweng.

swerian, st. v., _to swear_: pret. w. acc. I. ne me swôr fela âða on unriht

(_swore no false oaths_), 2739; he me âðas swôr, 472.

for-swerian, w. instr., _to forswear, renounce (protect with magic

formulæ?)_: pret. part. he sige-wæpnum for-sworen häfde, 805.

swêg, st. m., _sound, noise, uproar_: nom. sg. swêg, 783; hearpan swêg, 89,

2459, 3024; sige-folca swêg, 645; sang and swêg, 1064; dat. sg. swêge,

1215.--Comp.: benc-, morgen-swêg.

swêlan, w. v., _to burn_ (here of wounds): inf. swêlan, 2714. See swælan.

sweart, adj., _swart, black, dark_: nom. sg. wudu-rêc sweart, 3146; dat.

pl. sweartum nihtum, 167.

sweoðol (cf. O.H.G. suedan, suethan = cremare; M.H.G. swadem = vapor; and

Dietrich in Haupt V., 215), st. m.? n.?, _vapor, smoke, smoking flame_:

dat. sg. ofer swioðole (MS. swic ðole), 3146. See swaðul.

sweofot, st. m., _sleep_: dat. sg. on sweofote, 1582, 2296.

sweoloð, st. m., _heat, fire, flame_: dat. sg. sweoloðe, 1116. Cf. O.H.G.

suilizo, suilizunga = ardor, cauma.

sweorcan, st. v., _to trouble, darken_. pres. sg. III. ne him inwit-sorh on

sefan sweorceð (_darkens his soul_), 1738.

for-sweorcan, _to grow dark_ or _dim_: pres. sg. III. eágena bearhtm

for-siteð and for-sworceð, 1768.

ge-sweorcan (intrans.), _to darken_: pret. sg. niht-helm ge-swearc, 1790.

sweord, swurd, swyrd, st. n., _sword_: nom. sg. sweord, 1287, 1290, 1570,

1606, 1616, 1697; swurd, 891; acc. sg. sweord, 437, 673, 1559, 1664, 1809,

2253, 2500, etc.; swurd, 539, 1902; swyrd, 2611, 2988; instr. sg. sweorde,

561, 574, 680, 2493, 2881; gen. sg. sweordes, 1107, 2194, 2387; acc. pl.

sweord, 2639; nom. pl., 3049; instr. pl. sweordum, 567, 586, 885; gen. pl.

sweorda, 1041, 2937, 2962.--Comp.: gûð-, mâððum-, wæg-sweord.

sweord, st. f., _oath_: in comp. âð-sweord _(sword-oath_?), 2065.

sweord-bealo, st. n., _sword-bale, death by the sword_: nom. sg., 1148.

sweord-freca, w. m., _sword-warrior_: dat. sg. sweord-frecan, 1469.

sweord-gifu, st. f., _sword-gift, giving of swords_: nom. sg. swyrd-gifu,

2885.

sweotol, swutol, adj.: 1) _clear, bright_: nom. sg. swutol sang scôpes,

90.--2) _plain, manifest_: nom. sg. syndolh sweotol, 818; tâcen sweotol,

834; instr. sg. sweotolan tâcne, 141.

sweóf, sweóp. See swâfan, swâpan.

swið, st. n.? (O.N. swiði), _burning pain_: in comp. þryð-swið(?).

swift, adj., _swift_: nom. sg. se swifta mearh, 2265.

swimman, swymman, st. v., _to swim_: inf. swymman, 1625.

ofer-swimman, w. acc., _to swim over_ or _through_: pret. sg. ofer-swam

sioleða bigong (_swam over the sea_), 2368.

swincan, st. v., _to struggle, labor, contend_: pret. pl. git on wäteres

æht seofon niht swuncon, 517.

ge-swing, st. n., _surge, eddy_: nom. sg. atol ýða geswing, 849.

swingan, st. v., _to swing one's self, fly_: pres. sg. III. ne gôd hafoc

geond säl swingeð, 2265.

swîcan, st. v.: 1) _to deceive, leave in the lurch, abandon_: pret. sg.

næfre hit (_the sword_) ät hilde ne swâc manna ængum, 1461.--2) _to

escape_: subj. pret. bûtan his lîc swice, 967.

ge-swîcan, _to deceive, leave in the lurch_: pret. sg. gûð-bill ge-swâc

nacod ät nîðe, 2585, 2682; w. dat. seó ecg ge-swâc þeódne ät þearfe (_the

sword failed the prince in need_), 1525.

swîð, swýð (Goth, swinþ-s), adj., _strong, mighty_: nom. sg. wäs þät ge-win

tô swýð, 191.--Comp. nom. sg. sió swîðre hand (_the right hand_), 2099;

_harsh_, 3086.

swîðe, adv., _strongly, very, much_, 598, 998, 1093, 1744, 1927; swýðe,

2171, 2188. Compar. swîðor, _more, rather, more strongly_, 961, 1140, 1875,

2199--Comp. un-swîðe.

ofer-swîðian, w. v., _to overcome, vanquish_, w. acc. of person: pres. sg.

III. oferswýðeð, 279, 1769.

swîð-ferhð, adj., (_fortis animo_), _strong-minded, bold, brave_: nom. sg.

swýð-ferhð, 827; gen. sg. swîð-ferhðes, 909; nom. pl. swîð-ferhðe, 493;

dat. pl. swîð-ferhðum, 173.

swîð-hycgend, pres. part. (_strenue cogitans_), _bold-minded, brave in

spirit_: nom. sg. swîð-hycgende, 920; nom. pl. swîð-hycgende, 1017.

swîð-môd, adj., _strong-minded_: nom. sg., 1625.

on-swîfan, st. v. w. acc., _to swing, turn, at_ or _against, elevate_:

pret. sg. biorn (Beówulf) bord-rand on-swâf wið þam gryre-gieste, 2560.

swîgian, w. v., _to be silent, keep silent_: pret. sg. lyt swîgode niwra

spella (_kept little of the new tidings silent_), 2898; pl. swîgedon ealle,

1700.

swîgor, adj., _silent, taciturn_: nom, sg. weak, þâ wäs swîgra secg ... on

gylp-spræce gûð-ge-weorca, 981.

swîn, swýn, st. n., _swine, boar_ (image on the helm): nom. sg. swýn, 1112;

acc. sg. swîn, 1287.

swîn-lîc, st. n., _swine-image_ or _body_: instr. pl. swîn-lîcum, 1454.

swôgan, st. v., _to whistle, roar_: pres. part. swôgende lêg, 3146.

swutol. See sweotol.

swylc, swilc (Goth, swa-leik-s), demons, adj. = _talis, such, such a_;

relative = _qualis, as, which_: nom. sg. swylc, 178, 1941, 2542, 2709;

swylc ... swylc=talis ... qualis, 1329; acc. sg. swylc, 2799; eall ...

swylc (_all ... which, as_), 72; ôðer swylc (_such another_, i.e. hand),

1584; on swylc (_on such things_), 997; dat. sg. gûð-fremmendra swylcum

(_to such a battle-worker_, i.e. Beówulf), 299; gen. sg. swylces hwät

(_some such_), 881; acc. pl. swylce, 2870; call swylce ... swylce, 3166;

swylce twegen (_two such_), 1348; ealle þearfe swylce (_all needs that_),

1798; swylce hie ... findan meahton sigla searo-gimma (_such as they might

find of jewels and cunning gems_), 1157; efne swylce mæla swylce (_at just

such times as_), 1250; gen. pl. swylcra searo-nîða, 582; swylcra fela ...

ær-gestreóna, 2232.

swylce, adv., _as, as also, likewise, similarly_, 113, 293, 758, 831, 855,

908, 921, 1147, 1166, 1428, 1483, 2460, 2825; ge swylce (_and likewise_),

2259; swilce, 1153.

swylt, st. m., _death_: nom. sg., 1256, 1437.

swylt-däg, st. m., _death-day_: dat. sg. ær swylt-däge, 2799.

swynsian, w. v., _to sound_: pret. sg. hlyn swynsode, 612.

swyrd. See sweord.

swýðl. See swîð.

swýn. See swîn.

syððan (seðian, Gen. 1525), w. v., _to punish, avenge_, w. acc.: inf. þonne

hit sweordes ecg syððan scolde (_then the edge of the sword should avenge

it_), 1107.

syððan. See siððan.

syfan-wintre, adj., _seven-winters-old_: nom. sg., 2429.

syhð. See seón.

syl (O.H.G. swella), st. f., _sill, bench-support_: dat. sg. fram sylle,

776.

sylfa. See selfa.

syllan. See sellan.

syllîc. See sellîc.

symbol, syml, st. n., _banquet, entertainment_: acc. sg. symbel, 620, 1011;

geaf me sinc and symbel (_gave me treasure and feasting_, i.e. made me his

friend and table-companion), 2432; þät hie ... symbel ymbsæton (_that they

might sit round their banquet_), 564; dat. sg. symle, 81, 489, 1009;

symble, 119, 2105; gen. pl. symbla, 1233.

symble, symle, adv., _continually, ever_: symble, 2451; symle, 2498; symle

wäs þý sæmra (_he was ever the worse, the weaker_, i.e. the dragon), 2881.

symbel-wyn, st. f., _banqueting-pleasure, joy at feasting_: acc. sg.

symbel-wynne dreóh, 1783.

syn, st. f., _sin, crime_: nom. synn and sacu, 2473; dat. instr. pl.

synnum, 976, 1256, 3072.

syn. See sin.

syn-bysig, adj., (culpa laborans), _persecuted on account of guilt?_

(Rieger), _guilt-haunted?_: nom. sg. secg syn-[by]sig, 2228.

ge-syngian, w. v., _to sin, commit a crime_: pret. part. þät wäs feohleás

ge-feoht, fyrenum ge-syngad, 2442.

synnig, adj., _sin-laden, sinful_: acc. sg. m. sinnigne secg, 1380.--Comp.:

fela-, un-synnig.

ge-synto, f., _health_: dat. pl. on gesyntum, 1870.

syrce. See serce.

syrwan, w. v. w. acc., _to entrap, catch unawares_: pret. sg. duguðe and

geogoðe seomade and syrede, 161.

be-syrwan: 1) _to compass_ or _accomplish by finesse; effect_: inf. dæd þe

we ealle ær ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed that all of us could not

accomplish before with all our wisdom_), 943.--2) _to entrap by guile and

destroy_: inf. mynte se mânscaða manna cynnes sumne be-syrwan (_the fell

foe thought to entrap some one (all?_, see sum) _of the men_), 714.

sýn, f., _seeing, sight, scene_: comp, an-sýn.

ge-sýne, adj., _visible, to be seen_: nom. sg. 1256, 1404, 2948, 3059,

3160.--Comp.: êð-ge-sýne, ýð-ge-sêne.

T

taligean, w. v.: 1) _to count, reckon, number; esteem, think_: pres. sg. I.

nô ic me ... hnâgran gûð-geweorca þonne Grendel hine (_count myself no

worse than G. in battle-works_), 678; wên ic talige ...þät (_I count on the

hope ... that_), 1846; telge, 2068; sg. III. þät ræd talað þät (_counts it

gain that_), 2028.--2) _to tell, relate_: sôð ic talige (_I tell facts_),

532; swâ þu self talast (_as thou thyself sayst_), 595.

tâcen, st. n., _token, sign, evidence_: nom. sg. tâcen sweotol, 834; dat.

instr. sg. sweotolan tâcne, 141; tîres tô tâcne, 1655.--Comp. luf-tâcen.

tân, st. m., _twig_: in comp. âter-tân. [emended to âter-teárum in

text--KTH]

ge-tæcan, w. v., _to show, point out_: pret. sg. him þâ hilde-deór hof

môdigra torht ge-tæhte (_the warrior pointed out to them the bright

dwelling of the bold ones_, i.e. Danes), 313. Hence, _to indicate, assign_:

pret. sôna me se mæra mago Healfdenes ... wið his sylfes sunu setl getæhte

(_assigned me a seat by his own son_), 2014.

tæle, adj., _blameworthy_: in comp. un-tæle.

ge-tæse, adj., _quiet, still_: nom. sg. gif him wære ... niht ge-tæse

(_whether he had a pleasant, quiet, night_), 1321.

tela, adv., _fittingly, well_, 949, 1219, 1226, 1821, 2209, 2738.

telge. See talian.

tellan, w. v., _to tell, consider, deem_: pret. sg. ne his lîf-dagas leóda

ænigum nytte tealde (_nor did he count his life useful to any man_), 795;

þät ic me ænigne under swegles begong ge-sacan ne tealde (_I believed not

that I had any foe under heaven_), 1774; cwäð he þone gûð-wine gôdne tealde

(_said he counted the war-friend good_), 1811; he ûsic gâr-wîgend gôde

tealde (_deemed us good spear-warriors_), 2642; pl. swâ (_so that_) hine

Geáta beam gôdne ne tealdon, 2185.--2) _to ascribe, count against, impose_:

pret. sg. (Þryðo) him wälbende weotode tealde hand-gewriðene, 1937.

ge-tenge, adj., _attached to, lying on_: w. dat. gold ... grunde ge-tenge,

2759.

teár, st. m., _tear_: nom. pl. teáras, 1873.

teoh, st. f., _troop, band_: dat. sg. earmre teohhe, 2939.

(ge?)-teohhian, w. v., _to fix, determine, assign_: pret. sg. ic for lässan

leán teohhode ... hnâhran rince, 952; pres. part. wäs ôðer in ær geteohhod

(_assigned_)... mærum Geáte, 1301.

teón, st. v., _to draw, lead_: inf. hêht ... eahta mearas ... on flet teón

(_bade eight horses be led into the hall_), 1037; pret. sg. me tô grunde

teáh fâh feónd-sceaða (_the many-hued fiend-foe drew me to the bottom_),

553; eft-sîðas teáh (_withdrew, returned_), 1333; sg. for pl. æg-hwylcum

...þâra þe mid Beówulfe brim-lâde teáh (_to each of those that crossed the

sea with B._) 1052; pret. part. þâ wäs ... heard ecg togen (_then was the

hard edge drawn_), 1289; wearð ... on näs togen (_was drawn to the

promontory_), 1440.

â-teón, _to wander, go_, intrans.: pret. sg. tô Heorute â-teáh (_drew to

Heorot_), 767.

ge-teón: 1) _to draw_: pret. sg. gomel swyrd ge-teáh, 2611; w. instr. and

acc. hyre seaxe ge-teáh, brad brûn-ecg, 1546.--2) _to grant, give, lend_:

imp. nô þu him wearne geteóh þînra gegn-cwida glädnian (_refuse not to

gladden them with thy answer_), 366; pret. sg. and þâ Beówulfe bega

gehwäðres eodor Ingwina onweald ge-teáh (_and the prince of the Ingwins

gave B. power over both_), 1045; so, he him êst geteáh (_gave possession

of_), 2166.

of-teón, _to deprive, withdraw_, w. gen. of thing and dat. pers.: pret. sg.

Scyld Scêfing ... monegum mægðum meodo-setla of-teáh, 5; w. acc. of thing,

hond ... feorh-sweng ne of-teáh, 2490; w. dat. hond (hord, MS.) swenge ne

of-teáh, 1521.

þurh-teón, _to effect_: inf. gif he torn-gemôt þurh-teón mihte, 1141.

teón (cf. teóh, _materia_, O.H.G. ziuc), w. v. w. acc., _to make, work_:

pret. sg. teóde, 1453;--_to furnish out, deck_: pret. pl. nalas hi hine

lässan lâcum teódan (_provided him with no less gifts_), 43.

ge-teón, _to provide, do, bring on_: pres. sg. unc sceal weorðan ... swâ

unc Wyrd ge-teóð, 2527; pret. sg. þe him ... sâre ge-teóde (_who had done

him this harm_), 2296.

ge-teóna, w. m., _injurer, harmer_: in comp. lâð-ge-teóna.

til, adj., _good, apt, fit_: nom. sg. m. Hâlga til, 61; þegn ungemete till

(of Wîglâf), 2722; fem. wäs seó þeód tilu, 1251; neut. ne wäs þät ge-wrixle

til, 1305.

tilian, w. v. w. gen., _to gain, win_: inf. gif ic ... ôwihte mäg þînre

môd-lufan mâran tilian (_if I ... gain_), 1824.

timbrian, w. v., _to build_: pret. part. acc. sg. säl timbred (_the

well-built hall_), 307.

be-timbrian, (construere), _to finish building, complete_: pret. pl.

betimbredon on tyn dagum beadu-rôfes bêcn, 3161.

tîd, st. f., _-tide, time_: acc. sg. twelf wintra tîd, 147; lange tîd,

1916; in þâ tîde, 2228.--Comp.: ân-, morgen-tîd.

ge-tîðian (from tigðian), w. v., _to grant_: pret. part. impers. wäs ...

bêne (gen.) ge-tîðad feásceaftum men, 2285.

tîr, st. m., _glory, repute in war_. gen. sg. tîres, 1655.

tîr-eádig, adj., _glorious, famous_: dat. sg. tîr-eádigum menn (of

Beówulf), 2190.

tîr-fäst, adj., _famous, rich in glory_. nom. sg. (of Hrôðgâr), 923.

tîr-leás, adj., _without glory, infamous_: gen. sg. (of Grendel), 844.

toga, w. m., _leader_: in comp. folc-toga.

torht, adj., _bright, brilliant_: acc. sg. neut. hof ... torht,

313.--Comp.: wuldor-torht, heaðo-torht (_loud in battle_).

torn, st. n.: 1) _wrath, insult, distress_: acc. sg. torn, 147, 834; gen.

pl. torna, 2190.--2) _anger_: instr. sg. torne ge-bolgen, 2402.--Comp.

lîge-torn.

torn, adj., _bitter, cruel_: nom. sg, hreówa tornost, 2130.

torn-ge-môt, st. n., (_wrathful meeting_), _angry engagement, battle_: acc.

sg., 1141.

tô, I. prep. w. dat. indicating direction or tending to, hence: 1) local =

whither after verbs of motion, _to, up to, at_: com tô recede (_to the

hall_), 721; eode tô sele, 920; eode tô hire freán sittan, 642; gæð eft ...

tô medo (_goeth again to mead_), 605; wand tô wolcnum (_wound to the

welkin_), 1120; sigon tô slæpe (_sank to sleep_), 1252; 28, 158, 234, 438,

553, 926, 1010, 1014, 1155, 1159, 1233, etc.; lîð-wæge bär hælum tô handa

(_bore the ale-cup to the hands of the men? at hand?_), 1984; ôð þät niht

becom ôðer tô yldum, 2118; him tô bearme cwom mâððum-fät mære (_came to his

hands, into his possession_), 2405; sælde tô sande sîd-fäðme scip

(_fastened the broad-bosomed ship to the shore_), 1918; þat se harm-scaða

tô Heorute â-teáh (_went forth to Heorot_), 767. After verb sittan: site nu

tô symble (_sit now to the meal_), 489; siððan ... we tô symble geseten

häfdon, 2105; tô ham (_home, at home_), 124, 374, 2993. With verbs of

speaking: maðelode tô his wine-drihtne (_spake to his friendly lord_), 360;

tô Geátum sprec, 1172; so, hêht þät heaðo-weorc tô hagan biódan (_bade the

battle-work be told at the hedge_), 2893.--2) with verbs of bringing and

taking (cf. under on, I., d): hraðe wäs tô bûre Beówulf fetod (_B. was

hastily brought from a room_), 1311; siððan Hâma ät-wäg tô þære byrhtan

byrig Brôsinga mene (_since H. carried the Brosing-necklace off from the

bright city_), 1200; weán âhsode. fæhðo to Frysum (_suffered woe, feud as

to, from, the Frisians_), 1208.--3) =end of motion, hence: a) _to, for, as,

in_: þone god sende folce tô frôfre (_for, as, a help to the folk_), 14;

gesette ... sunnan and mônan leóman to leóhte (_as a light_), 95; ge-sät

... tô rune (_sat in counsel_), 172; wearð he Heaðo-lâfe tô hand-bonan,

460; bringe ... tô helpe (_bring to, for, help_), 1831; Jofore forgeaf

ângan dôhtor ... hyldo tô wedde (_as a pledge of his favor_), 2999; so,

508(?), 666, 907, 972, 1022, 1187, 1263, 1331, 1708, 1712, 2080, etc.;

secgan tô sôðe (_to say in sooth_), 51; so, 591, 2326. b) with verbs of

thinking, hoping, etc., _on, for, at, against_: he tô gyrn-wräce swîðor

þôhte þonne tô sæ-lâde (_thought more on vengeance than on the

sea-voyage_), 1139; säcce ne wêneð tô Gâr-Denum (_nor weeneth of conflict

with the Spear-Danes_), 602; þonne wêne ic tô þe wyrsan geþinges (_then I

expect for thee a worse result_), 525; ne ic to Sweóþeóde sibbe oððe treówe

wihte ne wêne (_nor expect at all of, from, the Swedes_ ...), 2923; wiste

þäm ahlæcan tô þäm heáh-sele hilde ge-þinged (_battle prepared for the

monster in the high hall_), 648; wel bið þäm þe mot tô fäder fäðmum freoðo

wilnian (_well for him that can find peace in the Father's arms_), 188;

þâra þe he ge-worhte tô West-Denum (_of those that he wrought against the

West-Danes_), 1579.--4) with the gerund, inf.: tô gefremmanne (_to do_),

174; tô ge-cýðanne (_to make known_), 257; tô secganne (_to say_), 473; to

befleónne (_to avoid, escape_), 1004; so, 1420, 1725, 1732, 1806, 1852,

1923, 1942, etc. With inf.: tô fêran, 316; tô friclan, 2557.--5) temporal:

gewât him tô gescäp-hwîle (_went at(?) the hour of fate_; or, _to his fated

rest?_), 26; tô wîdan feore (_ever, in their lives_), 934; âwa tô aldre

(_for life, forever_), 956; so, tô aldre, 2006, 2499; tô life (_during

life, ever_), 2433.--6) with particles: wôd under wolcnum tô þäs þe ...

(_went under the welkin to the point where_ ...), 715; so, elne ge-eodon tô

þäs þe, 1968; so, 2411; he him þäs leán for-geald ... tô þäs þe he on reste

geseah Grendel licgan (_he paid him for that to the point that he saw G.

lying dead_), 1586; wäs þät blôd tô þäs hât (_the blood was hot to that

degree_), 1617; näs þâ long tô þon þät (_'twas not long till_), 2592, 2846;

wäs him se man tô þon leóf þät (_the man was dear to him to that degree_),

1877; tô hwan siððan wearð hond-ræs häleða (_up to what point, how, the

hand-contest turned out_), 2072; tô middes (_in the midst_), 3142.

II. Adverbial modifier, _quasi_ preposition [better explained in many cases

as prep. postponed]: l) _to, towards, up to, at_: geóng sôna tô, 1786; so,

2649; fêhð ôðer tô, 1756; sæ-lâc ... þe þu her tô lôcast (_upon which thou

here lookest_), 1655; folc tô sægon (_the folk looked on_), 1423; þät hî

him tô mihton gegnum gangan (_might proceed thereto_), 313; se þe him

bealwa tô bôte gelýfde (_who believed in help out of evils from him_, i.e.

Beówulf), 910; him tô anwaldan âre ge-lyfde (_trusted for himself to the

Almighty's help_), 1273; þe ûs sêceað tô Sweóna leóde (_that the Swedes

will come against us_), 3002.--2) before adj. and adv., _too_: tô strang

(_too mighty_), 133; tô fäst, 137; tô swýð, 191; so, 789, 970, 1337, 1743,

1749, etc.; tô fela micles (_far too much_), 695; he tô forð ge-stôp (_he

had gone too far_), 2290.

tôð (G. tunþu-s), st. m., _tooth_: in comp. blôdig-tôð (adj.).

tredan, st. v. w. acc., _to tread_: inf. sæ-wong tredan, 1965; el-land

tredan, 3020; pret. sg. wräc-lâstas träd, 1353; medo-wongas träd, 1644;

gräs-moldan träd, 1882.

treddian, tryddian (see trod), w. v., _to stride, tread, go_: pret. sg.

treddode, 726; tryddode getrume micle (_strode about with a strong troop_),

923.

trem, st. n., _piece, part_: acc. sg. ne ... fôtes trem (_not a foot's

breadth_), 2526.

treów, st. f., _fidelity, good faith_: acc. sg. treówe, 1073; sibbe oððe

treówe, 2923.

treów, st. n., _tree_: in comp. galg-treów.

treówian. See trûwian.

treów-loga, w. m., _troth-breaker, pledge-breaker_: nom. pl. treów-logan,

2848.

trodu, st. f., _track, step_: acc. sg. or pl. trode, 844.

ge-trum, st. n., _troop, band_: instr. sg. ge-trume micle, 923.

trum, adj., _strong, endowed with_: nom. sg. heorot hornum trum, 1370.

ge-trûwan, w. v. w. acc., _to confirm, pledge solemnly_: pret. sg. þâ hie

getrûwedon on twâ healfe fäste frioðu-wære, 1096.

trûwian, treówan, w. v., _to trust in, rely on, believe in_: 1) w. dat.:

pret. sg. sîðe ne trûwode leófes mannes (_I trusted not in the dear man's

enterprise_), 1994; bearne ne trûwode þät he ... (_she trusted not the

child that_ ...), 2371; gehwylc hiora his ferhðe treówde þät he ... (_each

trusted his heart that_ ...), 1167.--2) w. gen.: pret. sg. Geáta leód

georne trûwode môdgan mägnes, 670; wiðres ne trûwode, 2954.

ge-trûwian, _to rely on, trust in_, w. dat.: pret. sg. strenge ge-trûwode,

mund-gripe mägenes, 1534;--w. gen. pret. sg. beorges ge-trûwode, wîges and

wealles, 2323; strenge ge-trûwode ânes mannes, 2541.

tryddian. See treddian.

trýwe, adj., _true, faithful_: nom. sg. þâ gyt wäs ... æghwylc ôðrum trýwe,

1166.

ge-trýwe, adj., _faithful_: nom. sg. her is æghwylc eorl ôðrum ge-trýwe,

1229.

turf, st. f., _sod, soil, seat_: in comp. êðel-turf.

tux, st. m., _tooth, tusk_: in comp. hilde-tux.

ge-twæfan, w. v. w. acc. of person and gen. thing, _to separate, divide,

deprive of, hinder_: pres. sg. III. þät þec âdl oððe ecg eafoðes ge-twæfeð

(_robs of strength_), 1764; inf. god eáðe mäg þone dol-scaðan dæda

ge-twæfan (_God may easily restrain the fierce foe from his deeds_), 479;

pret. sg. sumne Geáta leód ... feores getwæfde (_cut him off from life_),

1434; nô þær wæg-flotan wind ofer ýðum sîðes ge-twæfde (_the wind hindered

not the wave-floater in her course over the water_), 1909; pret. part. ät

rihte wäs gûð ge-twæfed (_almost had the struggle been ended_), 1659.

ge-twæman, w. v. acc. pers. and gen. thing, _to hinder, render incapable

of, restrain_: inf. ic hine ne mihte ... ganges getwæman, 969.

twegen, m. f. n. twâ, num., _twain, two_: nom. m. twegen, 1164; acc. m.

twegen, 1348; dat. twæm, 1192 gen. twega, 2533; acc. f. twâ, 1096, 1195.

twelf, num., _twelve_, gen. twelfa, 3172.

tweone (Frisian twine), num. = _bini, two_: dat. pl. be sæm tweonum, 859,

1298; 1686.

twidig, adj., in comp. lang-twidig (_long-assured_), 1709.

tyder, st. m., _race, descendant_: in comp. un-tyder, 111.

tydre (Frisian teddre), adj., _weak, unwarlike, cowardly_: nom. pl. tydre,

2848.

tyn, num., _ten_: uninflect. dat. on tyn dagum, 3161; inflect. nom. tyne,

2848.

tyrwian, w. v., _to tar_: pret. part. tyrwed in comp.: niw-tyrwed.

on-tyhtan, w. v., _to urge on, incite, entice_: pret. sg. on-tyhte, 3087.

Þ

þafian, w. v. w. acc., _to submit to, endure_: inf. þät se þeód-cyning

þafian sceolde Eofores ânne dôm, 2964.

þanc, st. m.: 1) _thought_: in comp. fore-, hete-, or-, searo-þanc;

inwit-þanc (adj.).--2) _thanks_ (w. gen. of thing): nom. sg., 929, 1779;

acc. sg. þanc, 1998, 2795.--3) _content, favor, pleasure_: dat. sg. þâ þe

gif-sceattas Geáta fyredon þyder tô þance (_those that tribute for the

Geâtas carried thither for favor_). 379.

ge-þanc, st. m., _thought_: instr. pl. þeóstrum ge-þoncum, 2333.--Comp.

môd-ge-þanc.

þanc-hycgende, pres. part., _thoughtful_, 2236.

þancian, w. v., _to thank_: pret. sg. gode þancode ... þäs þe hire se willa

ge-lamp (_thanked God that her wish was granted_), 626; so, 1398; pl.

þancedon, 627(?).

þanon, þonon, þonan, adv., _thence_: 1) local: þanon eft gewât (_he went

thence back_), 123; þanon up ... stigon (_went up thence_), 224; so, þanon,

463, 692, 764, 845, 854, 1293; þanan, 1881; þonon, 520, 1374, 2409; þonan,

820, 2360, 2957.--2) personal: þanon untydras ealle on-wôcon (_from him_,

i.e. Cain, etc.), 111; so, þanan, 1266; þonon, 1961; unsôfte þonon feorh

ôð-ferede (i.e. from Grendel's mother), 2141.

þâ, adv.: l) _there, then_, 3, 26, 28, 34, 47, 53, etc. With þær: þâ þær,

331. With nu: nu þâ (_now then_), 658.--2) conjunction, _when, as, since_,

w. indic., 461, 539, 633, etc.;--_because, whilst, during, since_, 402,

465, 724, 2551, etc.