FORM IN PLANTING
If in the foregoing chapters I have dwelt rather insistently on matters
of colour, it is not that I under-rate the equal importance of form and
proportion, but that I think that the question of colour, as regards
its more careful use, is either more commonly neglected or has had
fewer exponents. As in all matters relating to design in gardening,
the good placing of plants in detail is a matter of knowledge of an
artistic character. The shaping of every group of plants, to have the
best effect, should not only be definitely intended but should be done
with an absolute conviction by the hand that feels the _drawing_ that
the group must have in relation to what is near, or to the whole form
of the clump or border or whatever the nature of the place may be. I
am only too well aware that to many this statement may convey no idea
whatever, nevertheless I venture to insist upon its truth. Moreover,
I am addressing this book to the consideration of those who are in
sympathy with my views of gardening, among whom I know there are many
who, even if they have not made themselves able, by study and long
practice, to show in groundwork and garden design the quality known to
artists as _drawing_--by which is meant a right movement of line and
form and group--can at least recognise its value--indeed its supreme
importance--when it is present, and do not, in its absence, fail to
feel that the thing shown is without life, spirit, or reasonable
justification.
[Illustration: _A WILD HEATH GARDEN._
_Upper Figure: As First Planted._
_Lower Figure: After Alteration._]
Even a proficiency in some branch of fine art does not necessarily
imply ability to lay out ground. I have known, in the intimate
association of half a lifetime, a landscape painter, whose
interpretation of natural beauty was of the most refined and poetical
quality, and who truly loved flowers and beautiful vegetation, but who
was quite incapable of personally arranging a garden; although it is
more usual that an artist should almost unconsciously place plants well.
It is therefore not to be expected that it is enough to buy good
plants and merely to tell the gardener of average ability to plant
them in groups, as is now often done with the very best intention. It
is impossible for the gardener to know what is meant. In all the cases
that have come under my notice, where such indefinite instruction has
been given, the things have been planted in stiff blocks. Quite lately
I came upon such an example in the garden of a friend who is by no
means without a sense of beauty. There was a bank-like space on the
outskirts of the pleasure-ground where it was wished to have a wild
Heath garden. A better place could hardly be, for the soil is light
and sandy and the space lies out in full sunlight. The ground had
been thrown about into ridges and valleys, but without any reference
to its natural form, whereas with half the labour it might have been
guided into slight hollows, ridges, and promontories of good line and
proportion. I found it planted as in the upper plan; the path stiffly
edged with one kind of Heath on one side and another kind on the other;
the back planting in rectangular blocks; near the front bushes of
Veronica at exactly even distances, and between them the same number of
Heaths in each interval quite stiffly planted. Some of the blocks at
the back were of Violets--plants quite unsuited to the place. Yet, only
leaving out the Violets, all the same plants might have been disposed
so as to come quite easily and naturally as shown on the lower plan.
Then a thin sowing of the finer Heath grasses, to include the pathway,
where alone they would be mown, and a clever interplanting of wild
Thyme and the native Wood Sage (_Teucrium Scorodonia_), common on the
neighbouring heaths, would have put the whole thing together and would
have given the impression, so desirable in wild planting, of the thing
having so happened, rather than of its having been artificially made.
In planting or thinning trees also, the whole ultimate good of the
effect will depend on this sense of form and good grouping. If these
qualities are secured, the result in after years will be a poem; if
they are neglected it will be nothing but a crop.
I can imagine nothing more interesting than the guiding and
part-planting of large stretches of natural young woodland with some
hilly ground above and water at the foot. As it is, I have to be
content with my little wood of ten acres; yet I am truly glad to have
even that small space to treat with reverent thankfulness and watchful
care.
INDEX
A
Abutilon vitifolium, 66, 109
Acanthus, 25, 88;
as tub plant, 118
Achillea, The Pearl, 72
Adonis, 25
Æsculus, 73
Agapanthus, 117
Agathea cœlestis, 49, 63
Ageratum, 81, 102
Alexandrian Laurel, 104
Alpenrose, 19, 33, 85
Alyssum, 26
Amelanchier, 12
Anchusa, 43, 46
Andromeda, 13, 19, 33, 85, 124, 136
Anemone sylvestris, 37;
japonica, 81
Annuals, half hardy, 50, 57;
hardy, 57
Apples, 131
Arbutus, 85
Arenaria balearica, 33;
montana, 34
Artemisia stelleriana, 63, 72, 80
Asarum, 16, 34
Asters, China, 74, 81, 117;
perennial, 72, 80, 128
August, Flower-border in, 65
Aubrietia, 27
Aucuba, 104
Azalea, 84
B
Bambusa tessellata, 88;
as tub plant, 118
Bay, 128
Bedding plants, 50
Begonias, 81;
with Megasea, 82
Blue flowers, 63, 68
Blue garden, 90, 103
Briars, Scotch, 46, 124
Broom, white, 36, 37, 136
Bulb-border, 5
C
Camassia, 34
Campanula pyramidalis in steps, 126;
persicifolia, 40, 105;
lactiflora, 58
Campanulas in pots, 113
Canna, 70, 78;
in pots, 113
Canterbury Bells, 50;
in pots, 113
Caryopteris, 73
Catmint, 46, 72, 102
Chalky banks, plants for, 111
China Rose, 107
Choisya ternata, 50
Cineraria maritima, 63, 65, 72, 80
Cistus, 13, 19, 61, 66, 85, 136
Clematis montana, 29, 34, 39, 50, 107
C. davidiana, 68, 79
C. Flammula, 54, 109
C. recta, 62, 103
C. Vitalba, 85, 111
Climbing plants, 106
Colour, in woodland, 1;
scheme of Rhododendrons, 15;
of old Scotch Fir, 17;
tender in spring garden, 24;
strong in spring garden, 25
Colour-combinations, 47, 51, 60, 72, 73, 122
Colour, optical effect of, 52;
gardens of special, 89;
of paint for garden accessories, 119
Colour-planting for winter, 133
Coltsfoot, variegated, 81, 104
Columbines, 35, 40, 85
Coreopsis, 59, 70
Corydalis ochroleuca, 27, 37
Cottage gardens, 106
Cranesbill, 42, 49
Crown Imperial, 25
D
Daffodils, 7, 14
Dahlias, 66, 70, 78, 81, 128;
best kinds for border use, 82
Daphne Mezereon, 2
Delphinium Belladonna, 63, 103;
grandiflorum, 63
Dentaria, 28, 85
Desmodium penduliflorum, 111
Dictamnus, 24, 50
Dielytra spectabilis, 27
Dog-tooth Violet, 2
Drifts in planting, 2, 11, 15, 24
E
Elymus, 65, 67, 102;
in the grey garden, 102
Empty spaces in borders, filling up, 55, 67
Epilobium, 85
Epimedium, 34, 38, 85
Eryngium, 59, 72, 104
Eulalia, 65, 104
Euphorbia Wulfenii, 22, 38, 50, 128
Evergreens for winter effect, 135
Exochorda, 36
F
Fern, Lady, 13, 34;
Osmunda, 13;
Fern, Male, 6, 13, 35, 39, 125;
dilated shield, 13, 22;
Polypody, 13;
hardy Ferns, 85, 88, 104, 136;
Ferns in pots, 113
Fern walk, 15
Feverfew, Golden Feather, 81
Fig, 107, 128
Flower-border, 50
Form in planting, 138
Forsythia suspensa, 4, 111, 130
Foxgloves, 16, 40, 44, 85
Francoa, 113, 116
Fruit garden, beautiful, 127
Fuchsia, 117, 128
Fumaria bulbosa, 6
Funkia, 86, 104, 112;
F. Sieboldi as tub plant, 118
G
Galvanised iron roof, treatment of, 56
Gaultheria, 13, 84, 136
Gentiana asclepiadea, 85
Geranium ibericum, 42
Geraniums (Pelargonium), 113
Gladiolus, 70, 79;
in pots, 113
Godetia, 72
Gold garden, 90;
plants for, 92
Golden Elder, 100
Golden Plane, 91
Goodyera, 16
Gourds, 111
Green-barked shrubs, 135
Green garden, 104
Grey garden, 90, 101;
plants for, 101
Grey plants, 4, 51, 60, 65, 71, 80, 101
Grouping of plants, 140
Guelder Rose, 36, 108
Gypsophila, 53, 70, 72, 87, 102
H
Heath, 19, 20, 85, 136;
path, 19
Helenium pumilum, 70
Helianthus, 69, 79;
in the Gold garden, 100
Hellebores, Lent, 2, 6, 34
Heracleum, 44
Heuchera Richardsoni, 26, 29
Hidden Garden, 32
Hill-side for planting, 38
Hollyhock, 70, 128
Hydrangea, 67, 113, 116, 128;
as tub plants, 123;
H. paniculata, 87
I
Iberis, see Spring-garden, 50
Ipomæa Heavenly Blue, 110
Iris, dwarf, 29;
Cengialti, 34;
flag-leaved, 31, 32, 39, 42, 49, 128;
special borders of, 44
J
Jasminum nudiflorum, 111, 136
July, flower-border, 58
June garden, 39;
climbers in June, 47
Juniper, 136
K
Kalmia, 84
Kerria, 107
L
Laburnum, arch of, 80
Lavender, 72, 73;
dwarf, 63
Laurel, 137
Ledum palustre, 85
Lent Hellebores, 2, 6, 136
Leycesteria formosa, 28, 135
Lilies, 35, 85, 103;
in the grey garden, 101;
in pots, 113
Lilium auratum, 12, 80;
longiflorum, 68, 72, 125;
giganteum, 29;
candidum, 103, 104, 124
Lily of the Valley, 86
Lithospermum, 26
Lobelias, 66
Lupines, 39;
tree lupines, 45, 88, 103, 130;
as tub plants, 118
M
Magnolia, 107;
conspicua, 4, 66;
stellata, 5, 128
Maiden's Wreath, 113, 116
Maize, 103
Marigold, African, 68, 79, 81
May-blooming shrubs, 36
Megasea, 86;
in bulb-border, 6;
in spring garden, 22;
in pots, 113
Mertensia, 25
Mowing-machine, track of, 14
Mulberry, 128
Mulching the flower-border, 51
Mullein, 44
Myosotis, 25
Myrrhis, 22, 104
Myrtle, 107
N
Narcissus, in bulb-border, 7
Nepeta Mussini, with grey plants, 46
Nut-walk, 132
O
Olearia Haastii, 73, 130;
O. Gunni, 128
Orchard, 131;
wild orchard, 132
Orobus vernus, 27
Othonna, 38
P
Paint for tubs, &c., 118
Paths, wood, 13
Papaver rupifragum, 43;
P. pilosum, 43;
P. orientale, 43
Pea, White Everlasting, 53, 65, 72, 103
Pentstemons, 40, 63, 79
Peonies, 39, 41, 88, 128
Peony albiflora, 42
Peony, tree, 26, 33;
as tub plants, 117
Perowskya, 73
Phlomis, 80
Phlox divaricata, 26, 31, 33;
amœna, 26;
stellaria, 31
Pictures, living, 5, 9;
some garden, 121
Planting in drifts, 15, 24
Plumbago capense, 79, 103
Polygonum, 86
Pots, plants in, 112
Primrose Garden, 31
Privet, golden, 65
Pyrus japonica, 4, 106
Pyrus malus floribunda, 36
Q
Quarries, desirable for planting, 111
R
Reed, 134
Reedmace, 134
Rhododendron, 3, 12, 84, 136
Ribbon Grass, 104
Robinia, 66
Rocky hillside, planting for, 111
Rosa altaica, 37;
Burnet Rose, 37;
Fairy Rose, 122
Rosemary, 42, 107
Roses, garden, 40, 41, 130;
with coloured bark, 134
Roses, rambling, 35, 43, 62, 85, 111, 132
Rubus nutkanus, 12, 88;
odoratus, 12;
deliciosus, 29
Rudbeckia Golden Glow, 69, 79
Rue, 65, 79, 103
Ruscus, 104
S
Salvia splendens, 79
Santolina, 65
Scillas, 6
Sea Kale, 51, 58, 65, 67
Sedum spectabile, 81
Senecio artemisiæfolius, 59, 70
September, Flower-border in, 78
Skimmia, 19, 104, 136
Smilacina, 18
Snapdragons, 40, 63, 66, 80, 81, 103
Solanum crispum, 110;
jasminoides, 110
Solomon's Seal, 25, 33
Special colouring, gardens of, 89
Spiræa Aruncus, 42, 88, 103;
Lindleyana, 109
Spring garden, 21
Stachys, 72, 80;
lanata, 28
Staking and supporting, 55
St. Bruno's Lily, 34
Stonecrops on iron roof, 56
Sweet Cicely, 22, 40
Sweet Verbena, 110
T
Tamarisk, 91, 130
Thalictrum, 59, 103
Thyme, wild, 126
Tiarella, 37
Training down tall plants, 54, 69, 79
Training plants one over another, 53, 72, 102
Trientalis, 16
Trillium, 15, 85
Tritoma, 78, 128
Tubs, plants for, 117
Tulips, 24, 25
U
Uvularia, 28, 38, 85
V
Valerian, 111
Veratrum, 22
Verbascum, 44, 66
Veronica Traversi, 28;
Veronicas as tub plants, 117
Vine, Claret, 66;
Vine, 106, 107, 111, 128
W
Wallflower, 25
Wall shrubs, 66
Water Elder, 37
Whortleberry, 17
Wild gardening, 13
Willows, 133
Winter colour, 133
Winter walk, 135
Witch Hazel, 136
Woodland, 8
Wood paths, 13;
wood and shrubbery edges, 83
Woodruff, 34
Y
Yew hedges, 91
Yucca, 25, 50, 65, 101, 103, 128;
raised borders for, 71
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A GARDEN IN VENICE
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=Glasgow Herald.=--"Written with a brightness and an infectious
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attention they deserve. He has for many years past been judge in all
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WHERE THE FOREST MURMURS
=By FIONA MACLEOD=, being a Series of Nature Essays. 6s. net; by post,
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=Morning Post.=--"No other than Fiona Macleod could so have
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things. She finds the charm of the mountain in their contemplation from
the valley, the forest most vividly itself when the twigs are bare and
the mosses shrouded in snow, the most luminous moment of the cuckoo's
year in its first days of silence, and her love of all things greatest
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=Daily Telegraph.=--"There is everywhere a sense of the haunting
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SEASIDE PLANTING OF TREES AND SHRUBS
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"COUNTRY LIFE" LIBRARY OF SPORT
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=Pall Mall Gazette.=--"Each article is written by a man who knows his
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=Irish Times.=--"This is the first book on the subject. It is an
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HALF A CENTURY OF SPORT IN HAMPSHIRE
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=Liverpool Daily Courier.=--"The book is of great interest, and an
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=Scotsman.=--"A work than which there could be no better document of a
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COUNTRY LIFE
THE JOURNAL FOR ALL INTERESTED IN COUNTRY LIFE AND COUNTRY PURSUITS
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Country Life is a weekly journal addressed to all interested in country
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instructive in the architecture of the house, gardens or grounds, is
elaborately illustrated in a manner that has proved of high service to
those engaged in building and laying out or improving their estates.
Other features of rural life are dealt with in an equally thorough
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minutely described, and photographs of the finest pedigree stock and
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described and illustrated in their season. In no case, however, are
the facts set forth dry, as the journal numbers among its contributors
some of the most graceful and accomplished writers of the present day.
New books are also described and discussed by competent critics, so
that altogether the journal is calculated to give the best news and
views on all subjects that are of interest in cultivated circles, and
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have almost become proverbial. COUNTRY LIFE has, in fact, become
indispensable.
=Dally Telegraph.=--"'Country Life' is generally admitted to be
the most beautifully produced of all the weeklies. Its process
illustrations are unmatched, and the letterpress is always carefully
selected and good in quality."
=Westminster Gazette.=--"To say of 'Country Life' that it is one of
the best of our illustrated productions is stating only half a fact,
inasmuch as in some of its features it stands alone. Its splendid
gallery of stately mansions, beautiful interiors, and grand old gardens
are incomparable."
=Daily Mail.=--"'Country Life' has established itself as the most
beautifully produced weekly journal in the world."
=Daily News.=--"There is no feature of life in the country that is
untouched, and a bound volume of 'Country Life' is a real joy to
possess and frequently to turn over."
=Spectator.=--"'Country Life' amply fulfils its promise of being 'the
journal for all interested in country life and country pursuits.'"
=Liverpool Daily Courier.=--"There is scarcely a number without one
or more contributions of literary or other interest which will stand
reading, re-reading and study."
LONDON: PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICES OF "COUNTRY LIFE," LTD., TAVISTOCK
ST., COVENT GARDEN; AND BY GEORGE NEWNES, LTD., SOUTHAMPTON ST.,
STRAND, W.C.
* * * * *
Transcriber's Notes
Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected.
Variations in hyphenation have been standardised, but other variations
in spelling, punctuation and accents remain as in the original.
The index entry for Solomon's seal has been corrected from 55. 37 to
25, 33.
The sequence of the table of illustrations has been altered by
exchanging A SEPTEMBER GREY GARDEN and THE GREY BORDERS: GYPSOPHILA,
ECHINOPS, &C. to correspond with the sequence of the illustrations in
the book.
Italics are represented thus _italic_ and bold thus =bold=.
End of Project Gutenberg's Colour in the flower garden, by Gertrude Jekyll