—, his claim to be an inspired writer, 325 f.
—, his house of instruction, 325, 328
—, his views on the sacrificial system, 339
—, his knowledge of the O.T., 324
—, his list of famous men, 165 ff.
Benedictions, 502 f.
_Bĕni Zadok_, 134, 154
_Berakah_, 500
Berenice, 521
Bethsura, 429
Bible, Hebrew, contents of, 162 ff.
—, the Greek (see Septuagint), 161
“Biblical” Greek, 15
Biography a science in the Hellenistic period for the first time, 19
Blindness, 367
Book of Jubilees, The, =216-218=
— of secret words of Moses, 218
Books, ancient Jewish, 194
—, heretical, 198
—, reading of in ancient times, 195
—, the seventy, 529
—, the twenty-four, 529
Brotherhood of man, 18
Burial of the dead, 358
Cæsarea, 30
Calendar, Jewish, Pharisaic and Sadducæan attitude towards, 150 ff.
Caligula, 460, 464, 520
Cambyses, 448
Canon, Hebrew, 162 ff.
—, Hebrew, formation of, =169-174=
—, idea of a, =161-169=
—, final fixing of, 173, =174-176=
—, meaning of the word, 162
— of Old Testament, origin of, 160 ff.
—, unknown to Ben-Sira, 167
—, — Ben-Sira’s grandson, 168 f.
Canonical and apocryphal books, 161 ff.
Canonicity, Josephus’ theory of, 171 f.
—, Rabbinical theory of, 172
Cardinal virtues, the four, 87, 458
Cendebæus, 437
Chæreas, 486
Chæronea, battle of, 14
_Chakamim_, 115, 116, 127, 233
_Chanukkah_, 428
_Chassid_, 42
_Chassidim_, 92, 93, 125 f., 203, 205, 257, 365, 427
—, creators of apocalyptic literature, 93
—, the spiritual ancestors of Pharisees and Apocalyptists, 93 ff.
Chijja, Rabbi, 194
Chislev, 490
Chlamys, 33
_Chokmah_, 233
Civitis, 521
Claudius, 520
Cleopatra, 434
Cœle-Syria, 29
Colonies, Greek-speaking, 15
Common meal of the Essenes, 45
Confession of sins, 500
Connection between _gānaz_ and _apokryphos_, 188 f.
Cosmology, Babylonian, 231
Cosmopolitanism, 18
Crete, 434
Critical faculty of the Greeks, 20
Crocodile’s liver, 367
Cup of inspiration, The, 529
Cynic philosophers, 18
Cyrus, 440
Daniel, 302
—, Additions to, =385-397=
Darius, 12, 51, 441
— II, 51
Darius’ bodyguard, story of the three young men of, 451 ff.
Dead, prayers for the, 489 f.
Death, means of atonement, 272, 342
Dedication, feast of, 428
—, 487, 490, 491 f.
Defile the hands, meaning of, 175 f., 177 ff.
Deified princes, 462 f.
Deities, national, 22
Demetrius I, 419, 429 f.
— II, 419, 433 ff.
— Nicator, 434
Demonology in Apocalyptic Literature, 110
— in Ecclesiasticus, 304
— in Tobit, 304 f.
—, Jewish, 38
_Didascalia_, 407, 410
Dispersion, The, 17, =49-54=
—, Eastern, 50
Divine Immanence, doctrine of, 57
— revelation accorded to Ezra, 530
Doctrine of God in Baruch, 258
— — 2 (4) Esdras, 258
— — 1 Maccabees, 257 f.
— — Wisdom, 259 f.
Doctrines, inter-relation of, 39
Dôk, 438
Domitian, 520
Dor, 437
Dositheus, 486
Dualism of the Essenes, 43
Ea, 231
Eagle Vision, The, 513 f., 517 ff.
Eastern Dispersion, 50
Ecclesiastes, 456 f.
—, canonicity disputed, 170
—, traces of Greek philosophy in, 74 ff.
Ecclesiasticus, an apologetic book, 327
— and the Ep. of St. James, 347 f.
—, author of, 322
—, A.V. and R.V. of, 331 ff.
—, compared with Tobit, 364 f.
—, date of, 327 f.
—, Hebrew manuscripts of, 329 f.
—, original language of, 329 f.
—, Pharisaic recension of, 333, 340 ff.
—, placed on “Index Expurgatorius,” 340
—, present form not intended to be final, 322 f.
—, Prologue to, 168 f., 459
—, Sadducæan standpoint in, 333 ff.
—, title of, 321 f.
—, traces of Greek influence in, 77 ff.
—, unity of authorship, 322
—, universalism in, 338
—, value of, for N.T. study, 345 ff.
Egypt, 12, 28
—, Jewish settlements in, 51
Ekron, 434
El, 394
Eleazar, 59
Election, 531
Elect One, The, 246
Elephantiné, 349, 353
Elephantiné _papyri_, 50 ff., 194 f.
Elijah, 289 f.
End, signs of the, 524
Enoch, the book of, =201-208=
—, —, authorship, 203 f.
—, —, component parts of, 202
—, —, dates of component parts, 202 f.
—, —, original language of, 207
—, —, teaching, 207 f.
—, Book of the Secrets of, =220-222=
Epheboi, 33
Ephraim, 435
Epicuræanism, 79, 135, 456, 460
Epicuræan teaching, 21 f.
— — on immortality, 75
— — in Ecclesiastes, 74 f.
Epicuræans not irreligious, 21
Epicuros, 21, 75
Epidaurus, 396
Epilepsy, 367
Epistle of Jeremiah, =506-508=
Eschatological signs, 524
Eschatology, Jewish, 38
Esdras, 1 (3), _see_ Greek Ezra
Essene baptism, 45
— communities, 45
—, meaning of, 42
— monotheism, 45
— teaching on the Resurrection, 44
Essenes, The, =41-46=
— and the Law of Moses, 45
—, asceticism of, 43
—, dualism of, 43
—, their angelology, 43 f.
—, their purifications, 45
—, their Sabbath observance, 45
Essenism a blending of the Mosaic and Hellenic spirit, 45
— a mystery-religion, 45
—, influence of Hellenism on, 42
—, un-Jewish in many respects, 42 ff.
Esther, 399
—, canonicity disputed, 170
Eternal seed-plant, The, 102
Ethical teaching of the Hellenistical period, 18 f.
Euergetes I, 328
— II, Physcon, 328, 422
Euhemerism, 458
Ezekiel, 31
Ezra, 28, 71, 92, 116, 118, 442, 450, 453, 529
—, divine revelation accorded to, 530
—, not mentioned in Ecclesiasticus, 340
—, opposition to, 121 f.
Ezra Apocalypse, The, =509-531=
— —, an Ezra Legend in, 513 f., 528 ff.
— —, contains reminiscences of Pauline thought, 530
— —, chaps. i. ii., 510 f.
— —, chaps. xv. xvi., 511 f.
— —, chaps. iii.-xiv., 512 ff.
— —, recognized by Church Fathers, 530
— —, Vision, first, 522 ff.
— —, — second, 524
— —, — third, 524 ff.
— —, — fourth, 526 f.
— —, title, 509 f.
Fables in ancient Jewish Literature, 230
Faith, traditional form of, 20
Fall, The, 474, 531
Fasting, 272, 361
Fatalism, 79
Fatalistic theory of the Stoics, 21
First Cause, Platonic teaching on, 458
Formless matter, creation of the world out of, 85
— —, Platonic and Stoic teaching concerning, 85 f.
Free-will, 336, 342, 412
Future life, 342, 362
— —, conception of, 499
— —, developed belief in, 24
— —, doctrine of, in Apocalyptic Literature, 107 ff.
— —, — in Baruch, 293
— —, — in Ecclesiasticus, 288 ff., 291 ff.
— —, — in 2 (4) Esdras, 293 ff.
— —, — in Judith, 290 f.
— —, — in 2 Maccabees, 292
— —, — Pharisaic and Sadducæan doctrine of, 146 f.
— —, — in Tobit, 290
— —, — in Wisdom, 298 ff.
Galba, 520
Gallienus, 512
Gamaliel I, 145
— II, 173
_Gānaz_, meaning of, 183 ff.
Gaza, 30
Gazara, 438, 482
Gehenna, 289
Genealogies, The roll of, 194
_Genizah_, 188 f.
God, conception of, by the Jews of the Dispersion, 57
—, —, in Wisdom, 465 f.
—, doctrine of, 39, 412
—, —, in Apocrypha, =254-260=
—, Pharisaic and Sadducæan doctrine of, 144 ff.
—, Philo’s doctrine of, 63
Gorgias, 428, 486
Goths, 512
Governance of the world, divine, 341
Grace and Free-will, doctrine of, in Ecclesiasticus, 278
— —, 2 (4) Esdras, 280 f.
— —, 1 Maccabees, 279
— —, 2 Maccabees, 280
— —, Tobit, 278 f.
—, divine, 336
Græco-Macedonian empire referred to in Daniel, 69
_Grammateia_, 40
Granicus, 12
Grateful dead man, story of the, 356 f.
Greek cities, 15
— culture, superiority of, 35
— fashions, 34
— festivals, fascination of, 32
— forms of thought, 15
— ideals, 15
— influence in Apocrypha, traces of, 77 ff.
— — in O.T., traces of, 68 ff.
— — on Jewish eschatology, 38
— — on Judaism, 252 f.
— —, signs of, in O.T. and Apocrypha, 40
— language, 14
— mind, tendencies of, 33
— model of local government, 30, 31
— philosophy, influence of, 28
— settlements in Palestine, 30
— words in Daniel, 70
— words hebraized, 35 f.
Greek Ezra, The, =439-454=
— —, and 2 Esdras 444 ff.
— —, chronological table of event in, 446 ff.
— —, The, contents, 440 ff.
— —, date of, 454
— —, historicity of, 446 ff.
— —, its relationship to the Hebrew Ezra, 442 ff.
— —, Massoretic text of, 449 f.
— —, purpose of, 450 f.
— —, title of, 439 f.
Greeks and “barbarians,” 17 f.
—, references to, in O.T., =68-70=
—, critical faculty of, 20
—, their ideal of wisdom, 19
—, their realism, 19
—, their sense of proportion, 18, 20
Guilds, religious, 23
Gymnasium, 32 f., 40
Habakkuk, 395
Hades, 289, 292, 523
Hadrian, 13, 521
Haggadic homiletics, 201
— literature, 380
Halakah, 201
Haman, 399
_Ha-Gilyônim_, 198
Hasmonæan high-priesthood, 423 f., 433
Hasmonæans, The, 411
Hebrew Bible, contents of, 162 ff.
— Canon, The, 162 ff.
— —, formation of, =169-174=
Hecatæus of Abdera, 41
Heliodorus, 302, 481 f., 489
Hellas, 14
Hellenic and Hellenistic, difference between, 12
— spirit, 13
— thought in book of Wisdom, 458
Hellenism, debased type in Syria, 40
—, good and bad effects of, 41
—, reaction against, 41
— in its religious aspect, =20-24=
—, result of spread of, 28
— in its secular aspect, =12-20=
Hellenistic Greek, 14 f.
Hellenistic influence, direct and indirect, 37 f.
— — on Palestinian Jews, 36
— — on religion, 54 ff.
— — reflected in Job, 73 f.
— — — Proverbs, 71 ff.
— — — the Psalms, 71
— — upon the Jews of the Dispersion, =49-67=
— — upon the Jews of Palestine, =27-48=
— Movement, The, =11-26=, 160 f.
— —, effect of, 24
— — a period of dissolution, 16
— party, 426
— period not one of irreligion, 21
— philosophy, development of into theology, 21
— Movement, roots of, 13
— spirit, 92 ff.
Hellenization of cities, 18
Hellenized cities, 22
Heraclides, 430
Heraclitus, 86
Hermes, 34
High-priestly party, 33 f.
Hillel, 132
—, school of, 170
Holofernes, 373, 375 f.
Hypostatization of Wisdom, 73, 226
Hyrcanus, John, 153, 422, 438
Hyrcania, transportation of Jews to, 50
Idolatry, 469, 472 f.
—, polemic against, 507
Idol-worship, 458, 507
Illumination, Feast of, 492
Illyrians, 14
Immanence, divine, doctrine of, 57
Immortality, 337
—, doctrine of in Wisdom, 83 ff.
—, Plato’s doctrine of, 84
— of the spirit, 107
— — soul, 39
Individual piety, 23
Individualism, 18, 31 f.
— in Proverbs, 71 f.
Individualistic tendency in Job, 73
Inspiration, the cup of, 529
Intermediate beings between God and man, 235 f.
— state, 110, 295, 300
Inter-relation of doctrines, 39
Ionians, 68
Ipsus, battle of, its indirect importance for the Jews, 29
Isaiah, book of, 105
Islam, 37
Issus, battle of, 12
Jabneh, Council of, 173 f.
Jamnia (Jabneh), 434
Jason, 34 f.
— the Cyrenian, 479, 484, 488
— —, his history, 480
Javan, 68, 69
Jedoniah, Jewish governor in Syene, 51
Jehoahaz, 51
Jeremiah, 51, 303
—, Epistle of, =506-508=
Jerome, 75
Jerusalem, 529
—, earthly and heavenly, 526 f.
Jewish alliance with Rome, 420 f.
— angelology, 38, 39
— Apocalyptic, 90
— books, ancient, 194
— Church, The, 105
— demonology, 38
— eschatology, 38
— Liturgy, 390, 391, 500, 502
— mercenaries, 51
— propaganda, 396 f.
Jews in Syene, 51 ff.
— of the Dispersion, their religious outlook, 55 f.
Job, individualistic tendency in, 73
—, book of, 73, 459
Jobel, 216
Jochanan ben Zakkai, 173
Jochanan, the son of Kareah, 51
John Hyrcanus, 414, 438
Jonah, book of, 105, 123
Jonathan, 416, 418
—, leadership of, 431
Jose, Rabbi, 170
Josephus on the Essenes, 42, 43, 44, 45
— — Jews of Alexandria, 54
— — Pharisees and Sadducees, 135 ff.
Josiah, 440
Jubilees, book of, 151
Judaism, 55
— affected by extraneous influences, 252
— as a religion affected by Hellenism, 36 f.
— of Alexandria, 477
—, orthodox, 487
—, traditional, in the Dispersion, 55
Judas the Maccabee, 411
— —, leadership of, 427 ff.
Judgement, The, 38, 295 ff., 525
—, day of, 103
Judith, author of, 378 f.
—, book of, =372-384=
—, contents of, 372 f.
—, character of, 372 f.
—, Hebrew form of, 380
—, in how far historical, 377 f.
—, story, variety of form, 379 f.
Julian, 13
Julius Cæsar, 520
Justice, reform in administration of, 393 f.
Justification, 531
Kabbalah, 163
Khons, tractate of, 357, 367
Knowledge, increase of, 16
—, departments of, 16
Koheleth (_see_ Ecclesiastes)
Ladder of Tyre, 435
Landmarks, Jewish historical, 366
Lasthenes, 419
Law, The, 165, 450, 503, 504, 525
— identified with Wisdom, 241, 244
—, Jews the people of the, 28
— of Moses venerated by the Essenes, 45
—, the oral, 338 f.
—, Pharisaic and Sadducæan doctrine of, 139 ff., 152 f.
—, Pharisaic teaching on in Ecclesiasticus, 343 f.
—, Rabbinical teaching on, the, 262, 265
—, doctrine of, in Baruch, 264 f.
—, doctrine of, in Ecclesiasticus, 260 ff.
—, —, 1 (3) Esdras, 264
—, —, 2 (4) Esdras, 265 f.
—, —, Judith, 263 f.
—, —, 2 Maccabees, 264
—, —, Tobit, 262 f.
—, —, Wisdom, 266 f.
Legalistic Movement, The, 160
Letter of Aristeas, 59
— of Purim, 403
Leucoma, 367
Levitical Impurity, 175, =177-182=
Lights, Feast of, 492
Little Genesis, 216
Liturgy, Jewish, 390, 391, 500, 502
Local government of Jewish cities, 31
Logos, 464
—, Philonian, 63 f., 464
Lucius, 422
— Calpurnius Piso, 423
— Quietus, 522
— Valerius, 422
Lydda, 435
Lysias, 428 f., 482
Maccabæan feasts, the two, 488
— revolt, 35
— rising, 76
— struggle, the, 161, 403, 482
— —, causes of, 424 f.
— —, history of, 423 ff.
Maccabees, first book of, =411-438=
—, —, authorship, 411 ff.
—, —, date, 413 f.
—, —, historicity, 415
—, —, literary character, 414 f.
—, —, original language, 414 f.
—, —, sources, 415 ff.
—, —, title, 411 ff.
—, second book of, =479-494=
—, —, date, 493
—, —, compared with 1 Maccabees, 482 ff.
—, —, contents of, 481 ff.
—, —, historical value of, 485 ff.
—, —, influence of on N.T. writers, 493 f.
—, —, integrity of, 490 ff.
—, —, origin of, 479 ff.
—, —, original language, 493
—, —, purpose of, 487 ff.
Macedonian empire, 14
Mæonius, 512
Makrīzī, 133
Man rising from the Sea, Vision of, 513 f., 515 ff.
Manasses, Prayer of, =404-410=
Manes, 133
Marisa, 486
Marriage avoided by the Essenes, 43
Martyrdom of Isaiah, The, 219
_Māshāl_, 227 f.
Masūdi, 133
Materialism, 469, 471 f.
Mattathias, his zeal for the Law, 426
—, leadership of, 424 ff.
Matter, Platonic idea of, 85
Mediterranean, 28
Megiddo, battle of, 440
_Megillath Semanim_, 194
_Megillath Sethārim_, 194
_Megillath Taanith_, 194, 380
_Megillôth_, 163 f.
Memphis, 51
_Memra_, 237
Merits of the fathers, 273 f.
— — —, doctrine of, 499
Merodach, 396
Messiah, 298, 516
Messiah, doctrine of, in Apocalyptic Literature, 105 ff.
—, —, Baruch, 283
—, —, Ecclesiasticus, 281 f.
—, —, 2 (4) Esdras, 283 ff.
—, —, 1 Maccabees, 282 f.
—, —, 2 Maccabees, 283
—, —, Tobit, 282
—, —, Wisdom, 285 ff.
—, Pharisaic and Sadducæan doctrine of, 148 ff.
—, pre-existence of, 106
Messianic Age, 298
— expectations, 226
— future, 38
— Kingdom, teaching of, in Apocalyptic Literature, 109
— Woes, 297
Metabolism of the elements, 86 f.
Michael, 39
Michmash, 431
Middle Ages, 17
Migdol, 51
Millennium, 221
_Minim_, 192 f.
Mishna, 35
Missionary propaganda among the Jews of the Dispersion, 56 f.
Mixed marriages among Israelites, 120
Modin, 413
Monotheism, 23
— of the Essenes, 45
Mordecai, 398 ff.
Moses, Apocalypse of, =222-223=
—, the second = Ezra, 530
Mucianus, 520
Mystery-religion, Essenism a, 45
Myths allegorized, 22
National deities, 22
Nebuchadnezzar, 50
Nehemiah, 92, 450
Neo-Pythagoreans, 42
Neo-Pythagorean philosophy, 13
_Nĕphĕsh_, 81, 83
Nero, 520
_Nĕshāmāh_, 82, 83
New Age, The, 524
Nicanor, 428, 430 f., 482
—, celebration of death of, feast, 487
Noph, 51
Numenius, 421 f.
Nymphidius, 520
Odenathus, 512
_Olam ha-bâ_, 97
_Olam ha-zeh_, 97
Onias, 303, 418
— III, 34
Oral Law, The, 338 f.
— tradition, 93, 530
Oriental influence on Judaism, 38
— elements absorbed by Hellenism, 40
— influences on the Jews, 41
Orphic Pythagoræan asceticism, 42
_Ostraka_, 15
Otho, 520
“Outside” books, 198
Ozias, 374 f.
Paganism renovated, 13
_Palæstra_, 34
Palestine, Eastern, 30
—, political life of, 31
Palmyra, 512
_Papyri_, 15, 50 ff., 194 f., 349
Paradise, 523
Parseeism, 38
Parthians, 436
Particularism, 103 f., 122, 160
Pathros, 51
Paul, St., influenced by Wisdom, 474 ff.
Pentateuch, translation of, into Greek, 59
Pentecost, Feast of, 487
People of the land, The, 206
Perdiccas, 424
Persecution, 469, 473 f.
Persian influence on Essene belief, 44
— — on Judaism, 252 f.
— kings, list of, 446
Personal religion, 256
— responsibility, sense of, 32
Personalities of striking character during the Hellenistic period, 19
Personification of Wisdom, 235
Pessimism in 2 (4) Esdras, 525 f.
_Petasus_, 34
Pharisaic recension of Ecclesiasticus, 256 f.
— and Sadducæan parties, 91 ff.
Pharisaism, 456
Pharisee, meaning of term, 130 ff.
Pharisees, =130-159=, 203 f., 393, 412, 453 f.
— reject Apocalyptic Literature, 199
— and the Canon, 174 f.
— different from Scribes, 127
—, party of religious progress, 154
— and Sadducees, doctrines of, 139 ff.
—, sources of information concerning, 135 ff.
Pharaoh Necho, II, 51
Pharos, island of, 59
Plato, 17, 73, 458
Platonic philosophy, 13
Philip, the friend of Antiochus Epiphanes, 429
Philip of Macedon, 14
Philo, =61-65=, 458, 463 f., 493
—, his account of the Essenes, 42
—, his doctrines due to Greek influence, 65
—, his doctrine of God, 63
— —, the Logos, 63 f.
— —, Sin, 64 f.
— on the Jews of Alexandria, 54
—, philosophy of, 63 ff.
Philometor, 328
Philosophical teaching of the Hellenistic period, 18
Philosophy, 16
Piety of individuals, 23
Pious ones, 93, 257
— — in the Psalms, 71-74
Piso, 520
Politics, 23
Polybius on the Hellenes, 20
— and the importance of the individual, 19
Pompey, 413
Posidonius, 41
Praise, 500
Prayer, 361
— of Manasses, =404-410=
— —, date of, 409 f.
— —, origin of, 405 ff.
— —, original language of, 410
— —, writer of, 410
Prayers for the dead, 489
Pre-existence of the soul, Platonic doctrine of, 82
— —, doctrine of, in Wisdom, 80 ff.
Pre-existing matter, doctrine of, 458
Prologue to Ecclesiasticus, 124 f., 459
Proverbs, allegory in, 72
—, individualism in, 71 f.
—, marks of Hellenistic influence in, 71 ff.
—, universalism in, 72
Proverbs in ancient Jewish Literature, 228 f.
Providence, doctrine of, 458
Psalms of Greek and Maccabæan eras, 70 f.
—, Greek influence in some, 70, 71
— of Solomon, =214-216=, 505 f.
Psametik I, 51
Pseudepigrapha, The, 189, 191, =200-223=
_Psychē_, 81
Ptolemaic armies, Jewish soldiers in, 29
Ptolemais, 30, 432, 434
Ptolemy, house of, 28 f.
Ptolemy I, 462
Ptolemy II, (Philadelphus), 59
Ptolemy VI, (Philometor), 59, 434
Ptolemy, Antiochus Epiphanes’ general, 428
Pur, 400
Purifications of the Essenes, 45
Purim, Feast of, 487
Pythagoræans, 135
Rabbinical literature, 39
— sources on Pharisees and Sadducees, 137 ff.
Races, intermingling of, 22
Ram’s horn, 216
Ramathaim, 435
Raphael, 301, 359, 360, 363
Raphia, 30
Realism of the Greeks, 19
Reform in administration of justice, 393 f.
Relationship between God and men, 341 f.
Religious associations, 23
— liberty secured by the Maccabees, 431
— syncretism, 22 f.
— —, results of, 23
_Renaissance_, 17
Repentance, 342 f., 476
Resurrection, 292, 296, 298, 300, 337
—, advanced teaching on, in 2 Maccabees, 489 f.
— of the body, 39, 107
—, doctrine of, 39 f.
—, Essene teaching on, 44
— of the soul, 38
— of the spirit, 110
Retribution, doctrine of, in Apocalyptic Literature, 108
Rome, embassy to, 416
Roman alliance with the Jews, 420 f.
— empire, 13
_Ruach_, 82
Sabbath, 412, 487
— observance of the Essenes, 45
Sacrificial system, 226, 339
— —, importance of, minimized, 58
Sadducæan and Pharisaic parties, 91 ff.
— literary activity, 156 ff.
Sadducæanism, 456, 500, 501 f.
Sadducee, meaning of term, 132 ff.
Sadducees, =130-159=, 203 f., 334, 393, 412, 453 f.
— and politics, 153 f.
—, friends of Hellenistic culture, 154
— and Pharisees, doctrines of, 139 ff.
—, sources of information concerning, 135 ff.
Samaria, 49, 50
—, Macedonian settlers in, 30
Samaritans, The, 120, 441
Sanhedrin, 145
Salathiel Apocalypse, The, 513 f.
Sapor I, 512
Sargon, 49
—, inscription of, 50
Sassanidæ, 512
Scepticism, 20, 469 f.
Sciences, differentiation of, 17
Scribe in Ecclesiasticus, 123 f.
Scribe, the ideal in Ecclesiasticus, 324
Scribes, The, =113-119=, 161
— as lawyers, 126 f.
— different from Pharisees, 127
— in existence before the Exile, 114 f.
—, O.T. _data_ concerning, 113 ff.
— and Scripture, 126
—, two types of, 115, 116, 124
Scythians, 512
Secrets of Enoch, Book of the, =220-222=
Seleucid era, 491
Seleucidæ, 153
Seleucus, 34
—, his treatment of the Jews, 29
Seleucus IV (Philopator), 430
_Selichah_, 500
Semi-divine beings, 39
Sense of proportion a Hellenic _trait_, 18, 20
Separateness, 131
_Sepharim hachizônim_, 192, 198
Septuagint, The, 11, 15, =58-61=
—, far-reaching influence of the, 61
Seven heavens, doctrine of, 221 f.
Seventh heaven, 83
Shammai, school of, 170
_Shema_, 503
_Shemoneh Esreh_, 391
Sheol, 40, 290 ff.
Sheol-conception, 109
Sibylline Oracles, The, =208-210=
_Sifre hamînîm_, 192
Simeon, the high-priest, 328
—, Rabbi, 170
Simon ben Shetach, 393
— the son Onias, 167
— the Maccabee, 413, 414, 418, 421
—, leadership of, 436 ff.
—, murder of, 438
Sin, 523, 531
—, atonement for, 271 f.
—, doctrine of, in Baruch, 274
—, —, Ecclesiasticus, 267 ff.
—, —, 1 (3) Esdras, 274
—, —, 2 (4) Esdras, 274 ff.
—, —, 2 Maccabees, 274
—, —, Prayer of Azariah, 273
—, —, Prayer of Manasses, 273 f.
—, —, Tobit, 273
—, —, Wisdom, 276 f.
—, Philo’s doctrine of, 64 f.
Sisinnes, 441
_Sôfēr_, 113, 114
_Soferim_, 340
Solomon, 227, 456
—, Psalms of, 505 f.
_Sōma_, 81
Song of Songs, canonicity disputed, 170
Song of the Three Children, 386, 390 ff.
_Sophia_, 226
Sophists, 13
Spartans, 416 ff.
Spiritual body, 107
State processions, 33
Stoic enumeration of the human senses, 79
— philosophers, 18
— philosophy in Wisdom, 86 f.
Stoics, 19, 21, 135, 458
—, fatalistic philosophy of, 79
—, teaching of in Ecclesiastes, 74
Strabo on the Jews, 53
Superhuman beings, 39
Susanna, Story of, 386, 391 ff.
Syene, Jewish military colony in, 51
Syncretism, 22 f., 37, 38
— and the Jews of the Dispersion, 57
Syria, 12
Syrian slaves, 69
— throne, claimants to, 431 f.
Tabernacles, Feast of, 487, 491
Taboo, 178 ff.
Tahpanes, 51
Targums, 193
Tarphon, Rabbi, 192
_Tehom Rabbah_, 232
Teman, 497
Temple, The, 487
— Liturgy, 503
— not entered by the Essenes, 44
—, offerings sent to, by the Essenes, 44
—, profanation of, 482
Tendencies in pre-Maccabæan era, 91 f.
Testament of Moses, 218
Testament of the XII Patriarchs, The, =210-214=
_Tenak_, 162
Thebes, 14
Theodosius, 13
Thracians, 14
_Tiamat_, 396
Tiberius, 520
—, edict of, regarding the Jews, 53 f.
—, Alexander, 520
Timotheus, 486
Tishri, 491
Titles of books, false, the reason, 200 f.
Titus, 520
Tobit, book of, =349-371=
—, compared with Ecclesiasticus, 364 f.
—, contents of, 357 ff.
—, doctrinal development in, 363 ff.
—, date of the book of, 365 f.
—, for whom written, 366
—, integrity of, 366
—, original language of, 367 f.
—, place of origin of, 366
—, relationship to story of Achikar the Wise, 353 ff.
—, religious standpoint of the writer of, 360 ff.
—, value of for N.T. study, 368 ff.
Tolerance, 22
Torah identified with Wisdom, 78 f.
Trajan, 522
Transcendence, divine, 39
Truth, 452
Tryphon, 435 f.
Tubieni Jews, 486
_Tyche_, 23
Tyre, Ladder of, 435
Uncanonical books, =183-223=
— —, reading of, 192 ff.
Universalism, 122, 161
— in Ecclesiasticus, 338
— in Proverbs, 72
— in Tobit, 362
Unknown gods, 23
Uriel, 523
Vespasian, 520
Vindex, 520
Vision of the Man rising from the Sea, 513 f., 515 ff.
— of Isaiah, The, 219
Visions in 2 (4) Esdras, their teaching, 527 f.
— —, eschatological teaching in, 528
Visitation of the sick, 347
Vitellius, 520
_Widdui_, 500
Wisdom, 72, 496 f., 504
— abiding among men, 242 f., 246
— in the book of Job, 238
— in the book of Proverbs, 236
— and the Creation, 237 f.
—, conception of in Job, 74
—, divine origin of, 243
— of Ea, 231
— in Ecclesiastes, 238 ff.
— in Ecclesiasticus, 240 ff.
— existent before the Creation, 241, 244
—, fountain of, 496
—, Hebrew conception of, 226 ff.
—, hypostatization of, 226
—, —, in Proverbs, 73
—, ideal of, among Greeks, 19
— identified with the Holy Spirit, 244
— — Law, 241, 244
— — Torah, 78 f.
— — the Word, 244
— as intermediary, 259
— of Israel, superiority of, 338
—, Jewish conception of, 233 ff.
—, Jewish superior to Greek, 243
— Literature, The, =224-250=
—, nature of, 245
—, personification of, 235, 242, 246
—, takes the place of angels in book of Wisdom, 304
—, teaching on, in Apocalyptic books, 245 ff.
Wisdom, authorship of, 455 ff.
—, —, composite, 464 ff.
—, book of, =455-478=
—, —, date, 459 ff.
—, —, Greek philosophy in, 458
—, —, influence of, on St. Paul, 474 ff.
—, —, personality of author, 457 f.
—, —, purposes of, 469 ff.
—, —, title, 455 f.
—, —, traces of Greek influence in, 80 ff.
—, —, written in opposition,
—, —, to Ecclesiastes, 456 f.
Word, The, 237
Worm, 289
Xenophon, 14
Xerxes, 51
_Yeshibah_, 195
_Yetzer_, 336
_Yetzer-ha-ra’_, 275, 276
Zabinas, Alexander, 436
_Zaddūkim_, 132 f., 204
Zadok, 134, 135, 148, 149, 150, 340
—, the son of Ahitub, 113
—, sons of, 33
Zadokite Fragments, The, 135, 140, 145, 147, 149, 151, 152
Zealotism, 218
Zend, 133
Zeno, 19, 21
Zenobia, 512
Zerubbabel, 120, 441, 452 f.
_Zindīk_, 133
Zoroaster, 186
Zoroastrianism, 133, 252
INDEX OF PASSAGES FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT
PAGE
GENESIS
i., 237
ii. 7, 75, 83
x. 2, 68
xvi. 1 ff., 148
xxviii. 10, 148
EXODUS
i.-xii., 216
xiv. 19, 304
xix. 6, 148
“ 22, 180
NUMBERS
v. 1-3, 178
xix. 11-13, 16 ff., 358
xx. 16, 148
xxii. 22 ff., 148
LEVITICUS
vi. 24-28, 175
“ 27-30, 178
xi. 32, 180
“ 32-40, 178
xiv. 1 ff., 178
xv. 1 ff., 178
xvi. 26-28, 178
xviii. 19, 178
xxv., 216
DEUTERONOMY
iv. 6, 233
xviii. 18, 282
xix. 19, 393
xxi. 10-14, 178
xxiii. 18, 180
xxxiii. 1, 300
JUDGES
ix. 8-15, 229, 230
1 SAMUEL
x. 12, 228
xxiv. 13, 228
xxv. 29, 83
2 SAMUEL
v. 8, 228
viii. 17, 113
xii. 1-4, 230
xx. 18, 228
“ 25, 113
1 KINGS
iv. 30, 231
“ 30-34, 227
“ 32, 166
x. 1-9, 227
xvii. 17-24, 290
2 KINGS
xii. 11, 113
xiv. 9, 230
xvii. 6, 50
“ 23, 50
xviii. 11, 50
“ 18, 113
xxiii. 29-34, 51
xxiv., xxv., 377
xxiv. 12-16, 497
“ 14-16, 50
xxv. 9, 497
“ 11-21, 50
“ 19, 114
“ 22, 377
1 CHRONICLES
i. 5-7, 68
ii. 55, 118
v. 27-41, 134
vi. 4-15, 148
“ 50-53, 148
xv. 11, 134
xvi., 134
“ 4, 5, 167
xxi. 15, 16, 304
xxiv. 6, 148
2 CHRONICLES
xiii. 22, 193
xxiv. 11, 113
“ 17, 193
xxxiii. 6, 408
“ 11, 407
“ 12, 13, 405
“ 18, 19, 405, 407
xxxiv. 13, 119
xxxv., xxxvi. 1-21, 440
xxxvi. 17-21, 446
“ 22, 23, 440 f.
EZRA
i. 1 ff., 446
“ 1-11, 440 f.
ii. 1-iv. 5, 24, 441
“ 39, 120
“ 61-63, 120
iii. 8 ff., 446
iv. 1-5, 24, 120, 446 f.
“ 6-23, 446 f.
“ 7, 193
“ 7-24, 441 f.
v. 1-vi. 22, 441
vi. 1 ff., 447
“ 13 ff., 447
vii-x., 449
“ 1-x. 44, 441 f.
“ 1 ff., 447
“ 6, 116, 118
“ 10, 28, 116
vii. 11, 12, 21, 117
“ 25, 117
ix. 1, 2, 28, 120
x. 11, 17, 28
“ 15, 121
“ 18-44, 121
NEHEMIAH
i. 1-7, 72, 447
ii. 1 ff., 447
“ 19, 120
iv. 1 ff., 120
vi. 10-14, 121
“ 17, 19, 121
vii. 6-73, 441
“ 73-viii. 22, 442, 447, 449
viii.-x., 117
“ 2, 3, 117
“ 7-9, 117
“ 8, 118, 132
“ 13-15, 117
x. 28 ff., 122
xiii. 4 ff., 122
“ 15 ff., 122
“ 23, 24, 121
xiv. 28, 121
ESTHER
ii. 21-23, 400
iii. 7, 399
“ 12, 114
“ 13, 401
iv. 16, 402
v. 1, 2, 402
“ 3 ff., 402
viii. 8 ff., 402
“ 9, 114
“ 12, 402
ix. 24-32, 400
“ 31, 402
JOB
v. 1, 300
ix. 12-19, 459
xi. 5, 6, 238
xv. 8, 238
“ 15, 254
xxviii. 12-14, 246
“ 12-28, 74, 238
“ 28, 234
xxxviii. 12-28, 249
PSALMS
xviii., 287
xxxiii. 6, 9, 237
xxxvi. 6, 232
xlv. 2, 114
lxxxix. 7, 300
xc.-cl., 70
xc. 4, 221
civ. 1 ff., 4, 301
cxi. 6, 234
cxv. 4-8, 507
cxix. 97, 263
cxlviii. 5, 237
cxlix. 1-9, 125
PROVERBS
i.-ix., 71, 74
“ 7, 234
ii. 17-19, 72
viii. 4, 71
viii. 15, 16, 17, 72
“ 22-31, 73, 236, 237
“ 26-30, 232
“ 31-36, 242
ix. 1-6, 242
“ 4-6, 71
“ 10, 234
xv. 33, 234
xxii. 24, 236
ECCLESIASTES
i. 11, 457
“ 13, 240
“ 13-18, 239
ii. 11, 457
“ 13-16, 239
“ 16, 457
“ 23, 24, 457
iii. 1-8, 74
“ 18, 19, 74
“ 19, 22, 457
v. 1, 18, 457
vi. 3-8, 240
“ 12, 457
vii. 11, 12, 240
“ 25, 240
viii. 1, 240
“ 8, 457
ix. 1 ff., 16, 240
“ 2, 7, 8, 75, 457
“ 5, 240, 457
“ 13-16, 239
xii. 7, 457
“ 11, 12, 193
“ 12, 168
“ 17, 74
ISAIAH
ii. 4_a_, 286
iii. 10, 459
iv. 5, 6, 286
v. 1-4, 230
ix. 12 (Septuagint), 69
xi. 2, 233
“ 11, 51
xix. 11-15, 231
xxiv. 14, 15, 69
xxviii. 5, 6, 286
xl. 10, 286
xliv. 20, 459
xlix. 9-19, 507
“ 23, 286
lix. 16, 17, 286, 475
lxii. 3, 286
lxvi. 19, 69
“ 20, 516
JEREMIAH
viii. 9, 10, 114 f.
x. 1-16, 507
xviii. 18, 114, 233
xxvi. 16 (Septuagint), 69
xxix. 1, 4 ff., 506 f.
xxxiii. 29, 229
xxxv. 6-10, 119
xxxvi., 114 f.
“ 10-12, 119
xxxix., xl., 377
xl. 5, 377
xlii., xliii., 51
xliv. 1, 51
l. 35, 231
li. 57, 231
lii. 15, 28-30, 50
“ 25, 114
EZEKIEL
xiv. 20, 167
xvii. 3-8, 231
xviii. 2, 229
xxiv. 3-5, 231
xxvii. 9, 13, 68
xxxvi. 1-10, 231
xlii. 16-19, 162
xliv. 15 ff., 148
“ 19, 180
DANIEL
iii. 5, 7, 10-15, 70
“ 23, 24, 386 f.
v. 13 f., 497
“ 26-28, 119
viii. 21, 69
ix. 4-19, 389, 498
x. 20, 69
xi. 2, 69
xii. 4, 9, 186
HOSEA
viii. 7, 229
xiv. 10, 233
JOEL
iii. (Hebr. iv.) 6-8, 68
HAGGAI
i., ii., 453
“ 12, 14, 454
ii. 2, 4, 454
“ 10 ff., 123
“ 11-13, 175
ZECHARIAH
iv., 453 f.
“ 6, 453
MALACHI
i. 10-16, 122
iv. 6, 346
INDEX OF PASSAGES FROM THE APOCRYPHA
PAGE
ECCLESIASTICUS
i. 1, 240
“ 1-20, 346
“ 4, 241
“ 12, 256 f., 306
“ 14, 234, 278
“ 15, 242
“ 15, 20, 27, 234
“ 26, 78, 242, 347
iii. 30, 272
iv. 1-6, 348
“ 17, 242
“ 26, 348
v. 9-vi. 1, 323
“ 11, 347
“ 13, 14, 348
vi. 5-17, 323
“ 19, 348
“ 28-31, 242
vii. 17, 289
“ 18, 323
“ 29-31, 361
“ 35, 36, 347 f.
viii. 3, 348
“ 5, 267
“ 12, 13, 323
x. 11, 288, 337
xi. 14, 343 f.
“ 19, 346
xii. 7, 82
“ 8-18, 323
“ 18, 347
xiv. 1, 348
“ 14, 20, 459
“ 20-xvi. 23, 322 f.
xv. 1, 123, 241, 260
“ 11, 12, 79
“ 11-13, 268, 309, 347
“ 14-17, 336
xvi. 1-5, 323
“ 17-23, 335 f.
“ 19, 341
xvii. 4, 79
“ 9, 167
“ 17, 279, 342
“ 22, 343
“ 20, 257, 306
“ 26_a_, 257
“ 27, 28, 288, 337, 363
“ 31, 270
xviii. 1-14, 362
“ 2, 341
“ 8-14, 338
“ 15-18, 361
“ 21, 343
“ 22, 272, 291, 342
xix. 5, 344
“ 16, 348
“ 17, 291, 342
“ 20, 241, 261
xx. 2, 343
“ 31, 279, 342
xxi. 2, 3, 269
“ 9, 10, 289
“ 10, 291
“ 11, 241
“ 27, 28, 269
xxii. 3-6, 323
“ 11, 288
“ 19-26, 323
“ 27, 267
xxiii. 3 ff., 267
“ 7-15, 323
“ 8, 271
“ 27, 341
xxiv. 3, 241
“ 5, 232
“ 6-16, 338
“ 7 f., 262
“ 7-12, 242, 308
“ 9, 241
“ 12, 262
“ 19, 20, 242
“ 23, 256, 260, 341
“ 23, 25, 241
“ 30-32, 167
“ 30-34, 325
“ 33, 34, 167
xxv. 24, 269
“ 28, 348
xxviii. 2, 346
“ 6, 261, 363
“ 10, 346
“ 11, 12, 348
“ 13-26, 323
“ 16-18, 348
xxix. 1-20, 323
“ 19, 344
“ 21-28, 323
xxx. 17, 288
“ 21-25, 79
xxxi. 3, 346
“ 8, 260
“ 21-23, 261, 272
“ 25, 26, 262
“ 31, 272
xxxii. 3-8, 80
“ 15-17, 339
“ 15-24, 261
xxxiii. 13-15, 309, 336 f.
“ 16-18, 325
“ 19-23, 323
xxxiv. 8, 125
“ 10-12, 326
“ 18-26, 339
“ 22, 348
“ 25, 26, 362
xxxv. 1-3, 339
“ 1-11, 361
xxxvi. 1-5, 338
“ 13-15, 268
“ 17, 338
xxxvii. 1-6, 323
“ 3, 268
“ 17, 18, 336
xxxviii. 11, 272
“ 13, 288
“ 16-23, 337
“ 24-xxxix. 3, 324
xxxix. 1-3, 324, 326
“ 1-11, 123
“ 4, 326
“ 6, 278
“ 12 ff., 325
“ 18-31, 315, 304
xl. 11, 363
xli. 3, 4, 337
xlii. 2, 261
“ 15, 237
“ 15-xliii., 254, 306
“ 16, 254, 300, 314, 364
xliii. 26, 301, 364
“ 28-32, 255
xliv.-l., 165
“ 24, 324
“ 16, 343
“ 20, 261
xlv. 5, 165
“ 5, 17, 261
“ 14-16, 361
“ 23, 273
“ 23-25, 149
xlvi. 1, 165
“ 11, 12, 13, 165
“ 14, 261
“ 19, 288
xlvii. 2-7, 8-10, 17, 20, 166
“ 22, 281
xlviii. 3, 348
“ 5, 291
“ 11, 289 f.
“ 24, 165
xlix., 328
“ 4, 165
“ 6, 8, 10, 166
“ 9, 166, 459
l. 1 ff., 167, 328
“ 29, 167, 195
li. 1-12, 326 f.
“ 12, 281, 340, 391
“ 13, 326
“ 23-28, 325
TOBIT
i.-iii., 357 f.
“ 3, 356, 370
“ 3-iii. 6, 368
“ 6, 263
“ 6-8, 360 f.
“ 7, 263
“ 21, 22, 354
ii. 1, 263
“ 1-9, 361
“ 5, 263
“ 8, 362
“ 11-14, 358
iii. 1-6, 290, 358
“ 6, 363
“ 7, 301
“ 8, 17, 304 f., 364
“ 10, 11, 363
“ 16, 17, 301, 305, 359, 363
iv.-xi., 359
iv. 3, 263
“ 3-21, 359
“ 5, 278
“ 6-11, 262 f.
“ 7, 8, 9, 369 f.
“ 10, 273, 290, 355, 361, 363 f.
“ 12, 355, 370
“ 15, 369 f.
“ 16, 361, 370
“ 17, 18, 355 f.
“ 19, 271
“ 21, 370
v.-vi. 2, 359
“ 13, 263
vi. 2-9, 359
“ 3, 366
“ 7-9, 14, 16-18, 364
“ 10-18, 301, 360
“ 12, 263
“ 17, 305
vii., viii., 360
vii. 13, 14, 263
viii. 2, 3, 364
“ 3, 305, 370
“ 5, 363
“ 15, 301, 314
ix., 360
x. 1-7_a_, 360
“ 7_b_-xi. 8, 360
xi. 14, 363
“ 18, 354
xii.-xiv., 360
“ 6, 363
“ 7, 356
“ 8, 262, 361
“ 8-10, 369
“ 9, 273, 363 f.
“ 10, 370
“ 12, 301, 370
“ 12-14, 363
“ 15, 301, 363
xiii. 1-8, 365
“ 2, 290, 363
“ 3, 4, 366
“ 6, 366, 370
“ 7-11, 362
“ 7-18, 282
“ 16-18, 370 f.
“ 18, 363
xiv. 3-7, 365
“ 4-6, 282, 362
“ 4, 15, 356
“ 6, 255
“ 10, 354
JUDITH
i. 9, 372
ii. 1 ff., 377
“ 21-iii. 10, 373
iv. 1-8, 373
“ 2, 3, 377, 381
“ 6-8, 377
“ 9-15, 381
“ 13, 381
v., vi., 373
“ 19, 381
vii., 374
viii., 374 f.
“ 5, 6, 263, 381
“ 20, 21, 24, 381
“ 31, 381
ix. 1, 8, 13, 14, 381
x.-xii. 9, 376
“ 3, 5, 381
xi. 12, 13, 263 f.
“ 12-15, 17, 381
xii. 1-9, 19, 381
xii. 6, 7, 9, 381
“ 10-xiii. 10, 376
xiii. 3, 4, 7, 10, 381
“ 6, 162
“ 11-xv. 13, 377
xiv. 10, 381
xvi. 2-17, 264, 308, 377
“ 17, 290, 381
“ 18-25, 377
“ 18, 264
“ 20, 24, 381
THE ADDITIONS TO
THE BOOK OF DANIEL
_Pr. of Azar._
1, 23-27, 386
2-22, 386 ff.
5, 9, 388
12, 273
14, 15, 389
26, 27, 301
_Song of Three Children._
28, 390
64-68, 390
_Susannah._
44, 45, 301 f.
45, 394
55, 59, 62, 302
62_a_, 393
_Bel and the Dragon._
28, 32, 397
33-39_a_, 397
34-39, 302
39_b_, 41, 397
THE ADDITIONS TO ESTHER
x. 4-13, 402 f.
“ 4-xi. 1, 402 f.
xi. 1, 403
“ 2-xii. 6, 400
xiii. 1-7, 400 f.
“ 8-17, 401
“ 8-xiv. 19, 401 f.
“ 18, 401
xv. 1-16, 402
“ 13, 302
xvi. 1-24, 402
PRAYER OF MANASSES
4, 7, 13, 409
8, 273, 409
8-13, 274
10, 407
12, 291
15, 302
1 MACCABEES
i. 1-9, 424
“ 10-64, 486