Transcriber’s Notes
Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. Variations
in hyphenation have been standardised but all other spelling and
punctuation remains unchanged.
The volume of illustrations referred to in the book is not available.
Italics are represented thus _italic_.
DRAWING IN
CHARCOAL AND CRAYON
FOR THE USE OF
STUDENTS AND SCHOOLS
BY
FRANK FOWLER
AUTHOR OF “OIL PAINTING,” “A HAND-BOOK,”
ETC., ETC.
CASSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY
104 & 106 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK
COPYRIGHT
1885
BY O. M. DUNHAM
CONTENTS.
PART FIRST.
CHAPTER I.
CHARCOAL AND CRAYON DRAWING. 1
CHAPTER II.
OUTFIT NECESSARY FOR CHARCOAL AND
CRAYON DRAWING. 4
CHAPTER III.
ELEMENTARY PRACTICE. 25
PART SECOND.
CHAPTER IV.
MANNER OF WORKING. 36
CHAPTER V.
MEASUREMENT, ACTUAL AND COMPARATIVE. 50
CHAPTER VI.
CRAYON PORTRAITS; HAIR; DRAPERY;
BACKGROUNDS. 58
CHAPTER VII.
CHARCOAL AND CRAYON DRAWING WITH THE
POINT; LANDSCAPES; PROPORTIONS, ETC. 74
APPENDIX.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 82
PREFATORY NOTE.
This little volume, with accompanying plates, is designed to prepare
students for the interesting study of drawing from life. The general
demand for a work of this kind is the occasion of its appearance.
DRAWING IN CHARCOAL AND CRAYON.
CHAPTER I.
CHARCOAL AND CRAYON DRAWING.
In learning to draw, charcoal is the most available material that can
be used, as, with it, large and striking effects are so easily and
quickly produced, while it is also adapted to the most careful work,
and may be carried on to any degree of finish. Another quality which
renders charcoal especially of value as a medium for beginners in
drawing is that it is so easily erased.
Charcoal is used for drawing from the cast and from the human figure
in all the large art schools of Europe as well as in our own country,
and is especially adapted to sketching from nature, as by its use most
charming landscape and marine effects may be obtained.
TWO DIFFERENT METHODS.
There are two methods of working in charcoal—one, in which the charcoal
point is used alone, the shading being put in with lines which are not
blended, no stump, or rubbing together of any kind being allowed.
This style of drawing is principally used in illustrating, as it is
more easily reproduced than those in which the stump is used. Full
details of working in this manner will be given later.
The other method is that in which the charcoal is blended with a stump,
no lines being visible in the modeling.
This manner of drawing is that most generally employed in art schools,
and is susceptible of higher finish than the other.
It is also in this way that charcoal and crayon portraits are managed,
such drawings being generally finished with crayon, and the two
materials worked together. This subject also will be treated at length
further on.
As we are writing for the benefit of those who have no knowledge
whatever of charcoal drawing, we will begin at the very beginning, and
shall endeavor to omit nothing that can be of practical use to the
student.