Sketch of the battle of Waterloo, but more particularly of the
operations of Sir Thomas Picton’s division. Death of Sir Thomas
Picton. The 27th regiment. Advance of the Prussians. General attack
on the French position, and their total defeat and route. The
morning after the battle.
Our men lost no time after daylight appeared, on the morning of the
18th, in drying and cleaning their arms, and preparing for the battle
which it was clear must inevitably take place.
So many detailed accounts of the battle of Waterloo have been already
written by all sorts and descriptions of persons, civil and military,
that it would be presumptuous in a regimental officer, who was
necessarily tied to one spot with his regiment during the whole of the
action, to endeavour to throw a light on a subject already so frequently
discussed. I would fain, however, touch on some of the different
occurrences which took place during the momentous struggle on the 18th
of June, and more particularly such as happened between our division and
that portion of the French army which was repeatedly sent to dislodge us
from the ground on which we were posted.
Sir T. Picton’s division was formed in two lines, with its right resting
on the road leading from Brussels to Genappe, and extending its left
along a ridge where there was a thorn hedge, which afforded little or no
protection against musketry. The troops of the first line were stationed
there.
Immediately in front of the extreme right of the position of our
division was a hillock, and in its front and at its base was an
excavation close by the road, from which sand had been taken; and this
was occupied by two companies of our battalion, of which I had the
command, supported by the remainder of it on the ridge above.
The farm-house of La Haye Sainte, about a quarter of a musket-shot
distant, in front of the hillock, and on the other side of the road, was
occupied by one of the light battalions of the German Legion belonging
to Baron Alten’s division. Several pieces of artillery were planted on
the right near the road, and others further to the left. The only troops
on the left of our division were some foreign battalions, which formed
the extreme left of the Duke of Wellington’s position, and they were
supported, I believe, by some regiments of British cavalry. With the
exception of Sir C. Colville’s division, which was detached at a
distance of some miles from the right of the position, to watch the
enemy in another quarter, the remainder of the infantry, British,
Hanoverian, Brunswickers, &c. &c., were formed on the right of the
Genappe road, having the château of Hugomont in front of the right,
which was defended by the British Guards. The mass of our cavalry were,
I believe, in rear of the centre, and in reserve. There may undoubtedly
be some inaccuracies in the rough sketch which I have attempted to draw;
but I believe the general outline is not very incorrect.
On a ridge of hills higher than those on which our army stood, and
immediately opposite to it, was the French position. The ground rose
gradually towards each of the positions of the hostile armies from a
broad and open valley, which might be termed neutral ground. Being
entirely free from wood, with the exception of some trees near Hugomont,
and having neither ditches, rocks, walls, nor enclosures, the field was
particularly adapted for the operations of cavalry; and, moreover, the
approach to each position being exposed, the effects of artillery could
not fail to be severely felt by both parties.
BATTLE OF WATERLOO.
As I did not happen to consult my watch, I shall not be positive as to
the exact moment at which the battle commenced; but I should say, that
between ten and eleven o’clock our attention was first attracted by a
heavy cannonade on the right of the army, followed by an exceedingly
sharp fire of light troops, which proved to be the commencement of a
desperate attack, made by a large force under Jerome Bonaparte, on the
château of Hugomont. As it was impossible for us to see what was going
on at that point, there being some higher ground between us and
Hugomont, I shall not attempt to describe the many desperate and
impetuous attacks made by the enemy, hour after hour, on this château,
in each of which they perished in heaps by the fire of its undaunted
defenders; whom neither the unremitting fire of shot and shells, from
the numerous French batteries, nor the swarms of infantry which assailed
it again and again, could dislodge from this important post.
As yet all was quiet in the immediate front of our division. But after a
calm comes a storm. We perceived our adversaries bringing into position,
on the heights opposite, gun after gun; and ere much time had elapsed,
there were, at a moderate computation, fifty pieces of artillery in
battery, staring us in the face, and intended particularly to salute our
division, the farm of La Haye Sainte, and the left of Baron Alten’s
division. The enemy’s columns were not as yet visible, being covered by
some undulations of ground near the summit of their position. In an
instant this numerous and powerful artillery opened on us, battering at
the same moment the farm-house of La Haye Sainte. Under cover of this
cannonade several large columns of infantry, supported by heavy bodies
of cavalry, and preceded by a multitude of light infantry, descended at
a trot into the plain, with shouts and cries of “Vive l’Empereur!” some
of them throwing up their caps in the air, and advancing to the attack
with such confidence and impetuosity, as if the bare possibility of our
being able to withstand the shock was out of the question, fighting as
they were under the immediate eye of their Emperor. But Napoleon was
destined, in a few minutes after the commencement of this hubbub, to see
his Imperial Legions recoil in the greatest confusion, with a dreadful
carnage, and with a great loss in prisoners.
The fire of our two companies posted in the excavation near the road,
and from the remainder of the battalion on the hillock, as also that
from the windows and loop-holes, by the Germans, in La Haye Sainte, had
already inflicted a severe loss on the enemy. In spite of it they
pressed boldly and resolutely on, until met by our first line, which
delivered such a fire, when they approached the thorn hedge, as
shattered their ranks and threw them into disorder; and this was
increased by the cheers, and an attempt of our line to close with them.
At this instant the household brigade of cavalry coming up to our
support, rushed gallantly amongst their infantry and the cavalry which
were endeavouring to retrieve matters for them, and drove them back, man
and horse, in terrible confusion and dismay, and with immense loss. It
was, I think, about this time also that the brigade consisting of the
Royals, Scotch Greys, and Enniskillen Dragoons, made so brilliant a
charge, and took two eagles and seventeen hundred prisoners.
Accounts are various and contradictory as to the time and place of Sir
T. Picton’s death. I believe there are many living witnesses who will
agree with me in the declaration, that immediately after we had repulsed
the French in their first attack, and as Sir T. Picton rode forward to
the crest of the position, amongst some of our skirmishers, to look at
the retreating enemy, an unlucky straggling musket-shot put a period to
his existence, and thereby deprived the army of one of its most gallant,
experienced, and talented generals. His loss has been universally
admitted and sincerely regretted. The command of the division now
devolved on Sir James Kempt; an officer in whose brigade our battalion
had served the last two campaigns in the Peninsular war, and whose zeal,
gallantry, and abilities, are so well known and acknowledged, that any
panegyric of mine might appear fulsome and superfluous.
The roar of cannon and musketry continued without intermission on the
right; and although the lesson which the enemy had lately been taught by
our division and the heavy cavalry, made them delay a considerable time
before they renewed their attack on us in regular form, they kept up a
constant and well-directed cannonade, from which we sustained a heavy
loss, without the power of immediately retaliating, except from some
pieces of artillery which the French batteries vastly outnumbered. After
having endured for a length of time, and with a tolerable degree of
patience, this eternal pounding of shot and shells, strong symptoms
appeared of a second and equally formidable attack being about to
commence on our division and on the farm-house of La Haye Sainte. The
second edition of “Vive l’Empereur!” “En avant, mes enfans!” and other
stimulating cries, burst forth as their masses of infantry and of
cavalry again advanced in the most imposing and intrepid style, under
cover of a terrible cannonade and of their light troops. The 4th, 40th,
and 27th regiments, which had arrived on the field from Brussels, under
Sir John Lambert’s command, (I believe after the battle had commenced,)
were sent to support us.
Nothing could exceed the determined bravery with which the Germans
defended the farm-house of La Haye Sainte; but in the desperate attack
which was now made on it, having expended the whole of their ammunition,
and there being no means of supplying them with more, they were driven
out, and the house was instantly filled with the enemy’s infantry. For
several hours afterwards they kept up a dreadful fire from loop-holes
and windows in the upper part of it, whereby they raked the hillock so
as to render it untenable by our battalion. They were also enabled to
establish on the knoll, and along the crest of the hill, a strong line
of infantry, which knelt down, exposing only their heads and shoulders
to our fire.
Thus the closest and most protracted contest with musketry perhaps on
record, was continued for several hours; during which we were several
times supplied with fresh ammunition. The artillerymen were swept from
the guns which were within reach of the house and the hillock. The
possession of La Haye Sainte by the French occasioned a vast loss to our
division, which was so diminished in numbers, that all our reserves of
infantry were brought up into our first, and now only line, as were also
the 4th and 40th regiments.
Sir Andrew Barnard received a wound early in the action, and the command
of our battalion then devolved on Lieutenant-Colonel Cameron. That
officer was likewise severely wounded some time afterwards, and the
command of the battalion fell to my lot during the remainder of the day.
The 27th regiment had its good qualities of steadiness, patience under
fire, and valour, put more severely to the test than, perhaps, any corps
in the field. It was formed in a hollow square, a short distance in rear
of the right of our division, with one of its faces looking into the
road, as a protection to it against any attempt which the enemy’s
cavalry might make by charging up that road. This brave old regiment was
almost annihilated in square, by the terrible fire of musketry kept up
on it from the knoll, whilst it was impossible for them to pull a
trigger during the whole time, as they would thereby have been as likely
to kill friends as foes. Those who may chance to visit the field of
Waterloo, cannot fail to find on the spot which I have mentioned, near
the road, and at a short distance from the thorn hedge, a small square
of a darker colour than the ground immediately about it, marking the
grave of this gallant Irish regiment.
Every kind of exertion was made by the French officers, during this
blaze of musketry, to induce their men to advance from the crest of the
ridge and from the hillock, to charge us; and although, by the daring
and animating example shewn by many of them, they at times prevailed on
a certain portion of their men to advance a few yards, the fire which we
sent amongst them was such, that they were glad to get back under cover
of the knoll; such of them, at least, as were not disabled. In this
manner continued the contest on our part of the line hour after hour,
without any appearance of its being decided as long as any one remained
alive on either side.
The arrival of the Prussians had been long expected; but the only
intimation we had of their approach was the smoke of a distant cannon
occasionally seen far on the left. About seven o’clock in the evening a
party of their Lancers arrived on the field to announce the approach of
their army. It was about this time that the last and desperate attack
was made by Napoleon with his guard, to annihilate us before the
Prussians should arrive to our assistance. That this grand effort
entirely failed, and that his Imperial Guard was driven back in
irretrievable confusion and with immense slaughter, carrying with it
over the field, like the receding waves of the sea, every thing on its
surface, is universally known.
The Prussians were now commencing an attack on the extreme right of the
French, which the Duke of Wellington being aware of, and witnessing the
immense loss which they had suffered in their last attack, as also their
indescribable confusion, ordered a general advance of his whole army, to
put the finishing stroke to the work of this bloody day. The lines moved
forward rapidly and in fine order, loudly cheering; and the time only
which was required for us to reach the enemy’s position, sufficed to
complete this most hardly contested, sanguinary, and important of
battles.
Having principally touched on what took place on the left of the army
under my own eye, it remains only to add, that the right and centre were
exposed throughout the day to a constant and tremendous fire of
artillery, to a murderous discharge of musketry, and desperate charges
of cavalry; all of which combined proved insufficient to drive them from
their position, or to break a single square, although the brave
cuirassiers of the French fell in heaps in their strenuous and repeated
attempts to do so.
Those amongst us who had witnessed in the Peninsula many well-contested
actions, were agreed on one point, that we had never before seen such
determination displayed by the French as on this day. Fighting under the
eye of Napoleon, and feeling what a great and important stake they
contested for, will account for their extraordinary perseverance and
valour, and for the vast efforts which they made for victory.
The loss sustained by the army was such as might have been expected in
so long and closely contested a battle. There was a sorry reckoning
amongst the officers and soldiers of our battalion, as well as of our 2d
and 3d battalions, which were in Sir H. Clinton’s division.
Marshal Blucher having put his army on the enemy’s track, with strict
orders that not a moment’s respite should be allowed them on their
retreat, the Duke of Wellington’s army bivouacked for the night on the
ground which had been the French position during the battle. Here,
amidst heaps of dead and dying, men and horses, captured artillery,
ammunition waggons, &c. &c. &c. huddled together in one confused mass,
we spent the night.
Soon after daybreak, the following morning, I mounted my horse for the
purpose of glancing my eye over the field of battle. It was not the
first of the kind on which I had looked; but the frightful carnage of
men and horses lying in so comparatively small a compass, the thousands
of the wounded of the two armies which had not yet been removed,
together with their groans and lamentations, produced such an impression
on the mind, as every writer who has attempted to bring it home to the
conception of those who were not eye-witnesses of the bloody scene which
this huge charnel-house presented, has failed to effect. I relinquish
it, therefore, as a hopeless undertaking; and turn willingly from this
scene (which in cold blood will not bear inspection) towards the French
metropolis, on the road to which our army was put in motion about nine
or ten o’clock on the morning of the 19th.