The date-words opposite each name can be learned by _one_ careful
analytic perusal. If the relation is not understood in any case, a
glance at the explanations which follow the series of Presidents will
remove all doubt or difficulty.
[*]GEORGE WASHINGTON {F}a{b}ian (1789).
JOHN ADAMS {B}i{ck}erings (1797).
[*]THOMAS JEFFERSON {S}{t}eed (1801).
[*]JAMES MADISON {S}{p}eculative (1809).
[*]JAMES MONROE {D}o{c}trine (1817).
JOHN Q. ADAMS U{n}{l}ucky (1825).
[*]ANDREW JACKSON U{n}whi{p}ped (1829).
MARTIN VAN BUREN {M}o{ck}ed (1837).
[+]WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON Ha{r}{d} cider (1841).
JOHN TYLER {R}u{d}derless (1841).
JAMES K. POLK {R}ea{l}m-extender (1845).
[+]ZACHARY TAYLOR Wa{r}{p}roof (1849).
MILLARD FILLMORE {L}i{c}enser (1850).
FRANKLIN PIERCE {L}oo{m}ing (1853).
JAMES BUCHANAN {L}e{c}ompton (1857).
[*]ABRAHAM LINCOLN A{g}i{t}ation (1861).
ANDREW JOHNSON {Sh}a{l}l (1865).
[*]ULYSSES S. GRANT {Ch}a{p}ultepec (1869).
RUTHERFORD B. HAYES {C}o{c}oa (1877).
[+]JAMES A. GARFIELD {F}a{t}al (1881).
CHESTER A. ARTHUR A{f}{t}er (1881).
GROVER CLEVELAND {F}{l}ood (1885).
BENJAMIN HARRISON {F}i{b}rous (1889).
GROVER CLEVELAND {B}oo{m} (1893).
[*] Those who were in office more than four years were re-elected for a
second term. The second term always began four years after the beginning
of the first term.
[+] Those who were Presidents for less than four years died in office
and were succeeded by Vice-Presidents. President Lincoln was murdered
forty days after the commencement of his second term of office, when
Vice-President Johnson became the 17th President.
1. How can the date-words opposite each name be learned?
2. What must be done in case the relation is not understood?
3. What is the relation between William Henry Harrison and "Hard
cider"?
4. Why would not "Sweet cider" do?
5. What Presidents served more than one term?
6. How is this indicated?
7. How many died in office?
8. When is the pupil supposed to learn the series of Presidents?
REMARKS.--The pupil is presumed to have learned heretofore the series of
Presidents from Washington to Grover Cleveland, and to have recited it
forwards and backwards many times. Now let him learn the dates of their
accession to office, and then let him recite the series both ways in
connection with those dates several times: as, George Washington, 1789;
John Adams, 1797; Thomas Jefferson, 1801, &c., &c., to Grover Cleveland,
1893 and then back to Washington. Although it is much better for the
pupil to find his own analytic date-words, yet, as many may not have the
time to do so while studying this lesson, I append a few explanations of
the facts on which the above analytic date-words are founded.
"'Fabian' was applied to the military tactics of Washington, on some
occasions, when he imitated the policy of Quintus Fabius Maximus
Verrucosus, a Roman General who not daring to hazard a battle against
Hannibal, harassed his army by marches, counter-marches, and
ambuscades." "Bickerings" were incessant during John Adams's
administration between his own supporters and the faction of Hamilton.
"Steed"--Jefferson rode on horseback to the Capitol to take his oath of
office as President. Arrived there he dismounted and fastened his steed
to an elm-tree, since known as Jefferson's tree. He did this to
signalise his disapprobation of royalty, and his preference for
democratic equality. "Speculative" were the celebrated "Madison Papers."
"Doctrine"--the Monroe doctrine declared that no foreign power should
acquire additional dominion in America. "Unlucky" was correctly applied
to John Quincy Adams's administration. See Barnes's U. S. His.,
p. 175. "Unwhipped"--Jackson always came off victorious in all his
duels and military campaigns. "Mocked"--Van Buren was appointed by
Jackson as U. S. Minister to England. The United States Senate rejected
his nomination. This political insult secured much sympathy for him,
and helped to make him President. "Hard-cider" was a party watchword
during Harrison's campaign for the Presidency. "Rudderless"--Tyler
often changed his political views, and finally turned against
the United States Government, of which he had been Chief Executive.
"Realm-extender"--during Polk's administration the United States
acquired the territory embracing California, Arizona, New
Mexico, and Texas. "Warproof"--Taylor was a successful warrior.
"Licenser"--Fillmore's administration passed the Fugitive Slave Law,
which enabled the Southern masters to recapture runaway slaves.
"Looming"--during Pierce's term the cloud of civil war was looming up in
the distance. "Lecompton" constitution of Kansas was a pro-slavery
document which Buchanan favoured. "Agitation" preceded and attended
Lincoln's inauguration, and finally culminated in the civil war.
"Shall"--Johnson made use of the imperative "shall" in regard to the
removal of Edwin M. Stanton, for which attempt he was afterward sought
to be impeached. "Chapultepec" was the battle in which Grant entered
upon that career of military achievement which secured him two
Presidential terms. "Cocoa" was characteristic of the drinks allowed at
Hayes's table at the White House. No wine was tolerated. "Fatal" was
Guiteau's shot to Garfield. "After"--although Tyler, Fillmore, Johnson,
and Arthur became Presidents on the death of their chiefs, yet only
Arthur succeeded to the Presidency in 1881, which is indicated by the
first two consonants of "After." "Flood"--Cleveland vetoed an
unprecedented number of bills during his term. There was a "flood" of
them. "Fibrous" applies metaphorically to mental qualities; it means
strong, sinewy--high talents, just below genius. "Boom" refers, of
course, to the large amount of support which Cleveland obtained on his
second election to the Presidency.
1. Should the pupil find his own analytic date-words in this
exercise?
2. How were Washington's military tactics sometimes characterised?
3. What is the relation between "Bickerings" and John Adams?
4. Why is "Steed" analytic of Jefferson's inauguration?
5. What has the word "Doctrine" to do with Monroe's administration?
6. To what book is the pupil especially referred in regard to J. Q.
Adams's administration?
7. Is "Mocked" a case of Con. or Ex. in the case of Van Buren?