{T}oy = 1. As "t" stands for 1, and o and y are vowels, and have no
figure value, the numerical value of Toy _must_ be 1.
{Th}ee = 1, {Th}ou = 1, {D}ay = 1, {D}ew = 1, {Th}i{s} = 10,
{Th}u{s} = 10, {D}oe{s} = 10, {T}ie{s} = 10, {T}oe{s} = 10,
{D}ee{d} = 11, {D}o{th} = 11, {T}o-{d}ay = 11, {T}a{t}too[B] = 11,
{T}u{t} = 11, {T}oa{d} = 11, {T}ie{d} = 11, {S}a{t} = 01, {S}ai{d} = 01,
{S}ea{t}= 01, {D}ay{s} = 10, {T}oy{s} = 10, {Th}e{s}e = 10,
{Th}o{s}e = 10.
[B] See rules on page 72.
"t" stands for 1, because it is made with _one_ downward stroke. "h" has
no figure value except when it is united with "s" or "c" in sh or ch,
and therefore "th" _must_ represent 1, and d, being the cognate of "t,"
it is represented by 1. Hence we translate "t," "th," and "d" by the
figure 1, and when we want to represent 1, by letters, we translate it
into t, th, or d.
2 IS REPRESENTED BY "N," because it is made by two downward strokes.
{N}o = 2, A{n}y = 2, O{n}e = 2, {N}oi{s}e = 20, {N}i{c}e = 20,
{N}e{s}{t} = 201, {N}o{t}e = 21, {Th}e{n} = 12, {N}u{n} = 22,
{N}a{n} = 22, {S}o{n} = 02, {S}i{n}e = 02, {Z}o{n}e = 02, {N}i{n}e = 22,
{Z}e{n}o = 02, {S}ow{n} = 02.
3 IS REPRESENTED BY "M," because the written m is made by _three_
downward strokes. Ai{m} = 3, {S}u{m} = 03, {M}u{m} = 33, {M}ai{m} = 33,
{M}o{n}ey = 32, {M}o{th} = 31, {M}oo{n} = 32, {M}a{n} = 32,
{M}o{n}{th} = 321, A{m}e{n}{d}{s} = 3210, {Th}i{n} = 12, E{n}e{m}ie{s}
= 230, Ho{m}e = 3.
4 IS REPRESENTED BY "R," because it terminates the word _four_ in
several languages. Ai{r} = 4. A and i are vowels, and count for no figure
value in Air, and hence that word represents only the figure 4. Wi{r}e = 4,
{R}ow = 4, Wo{r}{t} = 41, W{r}a{th} = 41, Wo{r}{th} = 41, {R}i{d}e = 41,
Hei{r}{s} = 40, {R}ui{n}{s} = 420, {R}oa{s}{t} = 401, {R}u{m} = 43,
{R}oa{r} = 44, {S}au{c}e{r} = 004, {S}wo{r}{d}{s}{m}a{n} = 041032,
{R}a{z}o{r}{s} = 4040, A{r}i{s}e{n} = 402, He{r}{m}i{t}{s} = 4310.
1. In translating a word into figures, what do we always do?
2. By what letters is the figure 1 represented?
3. Why does "t" stand for 1?
4. When does the letter "h" have a figure value?
5. By what is 2 represented?
6. Why?
7. How do we represent 3?
8. Why?
9. By what consonant is 4 represented?
10. Why?
5 IS REPRESENTED BY "L," because in the Roman alphabet L stood for 50,
and we disregard the cipher and make it stand for 5 only--as, Oi{l} = 5.
O and i, being vowels, may be _used_ in a word, but having no figure
value, do not change the numerical value of the word; therefore the
figure value of "oi{l}" is 5, the same as though the "l" stood alone.
{L}ay = 5, {L}aw = 5, Ho{l}y = 5, Awhi{l}e = 5, Whee{l} = 5,
{L}i{t} = 51, Wea{lth} = 51, {L}a{d} = 51, {S}o{l}o = 05,
{S}a{l}e{s} = 050, {S}{l}owe{r} = 054, {L}a{n}e = 52, A{l}o{n}e = 52,
{L}a{m}a = 53, Ea{r}{l}ie{r} = 454, Who{l}e{s}a{l}e = 505,
U{n}{m}i{l}i{t}a{r}y{n}e{s}s = 2351420.
6 IS REPRESENTED BY "SH," "J," "CH," AND "G^soft." WE HAVE THE LETTER
VALUES OF 6, THROUGH THE INITIAL CONSONANTS OF THE PHRASE: (Six), {Sh}y
{J}ewesses {Ch}ose {G}eorge. In the following words, the vowels have no
figure value, hence in translation are never counted. {Sh}ow = 6,
{J}oy = 6, Ha{tch} = 6, Hu{g}e = 6, {S}a{g}e = 06, {Ch}ea{t}{s} = 610,
{Sh}e{d} = 61, {Sh}ea{th} = 61, {Sh}o{t} = 61, {G}i{n} = 62,
{Sh}i{n} = 62, {J}ea{n} = 62, {Ch}i{n} = 62, {G}e{m} = 63, {J}a{m} = 63,
{Sh}a{m}e = 63, {Ch}i{m}e = 63, U{sh}e{r} = 64, {J}u{r}y = 64,
{Ch}ai{r} = 64, Wa{g}e{r} = 64, {Sh}a{l}l = 65, {J}ai{l} = 65,
{Ch}i{l}l = 65, {G}e{ntl}e = 6215, {J}ewi{sh} = 66.
7 IS REPRESENTED BY "G^hard" "K," "C^hard" "Q," AND "NG." WE FIND THE
LETTER EQUIVALENTS OF 7 IN THE INITIAL CONSONANTS OF THE PHRASE:
(Seven), {G}reat {K}ings {C}ame {Q}uarrelli{ng}. We thus use the
termination "ng" to express 7. Ho{g} = 7, {K}ey = 7, {C}ue = 7,
You{ng} = 7, Yo{k}e = 7, Wi{g} = 7. As no vowels have any figure
value, they cut no figure in translating into numbers. {D}e{ck} = 17,
{D}e{s}{k} = 107, {K}i{d} = 71. {S}{k}a{t}e = 071, A{s}{k} = 07,
A{s}{k}i{ng} = 077, {S}{k}e{tch} = 076, {S}{q}ui{r}e = 074, {C}a{s}e{s}
= 700, {G}a{t}e = 71, E{g}a{d} = 71, {K}i{t}e = 71, {Q}uo{t}e = 71. This
first "{g}" is hard (7) and the second "{g}" is soft (6) in
{G}an{g}es. The "{g}" in Governor is hard and in General is soft in
{G}overnor-{G}eneral. The first "{c}" is hard (7) and the second "{c}"
is soft (0) in a{c}{c}i{d}e{n}{t}, = 70121, Ha{g}g{l}e = 75, A{c}{m}e = 73,
{C}a{n}no{n} = 722, {G}ui{t}a{r} = 714, {S}{q}uea{k} = 077.
WE REPRESENT 8 BY "F" AND "V," BECAUSE YOU CAN IMAGINE A WRITTEN "F" TO
BE AN ELONGATED 8, AND "V" IS A COGNATE OF "F," hence equivalent to the
same number; as, Wi{f}e = 8, Wo{v}e = 8. The vowels, although used in
the words, have no figure values, neither do "w," "y," or "h," when not
a part of "sh" or "ch." {S}a{f}e = 08, {S}a{v}e = 08, I{v}y = 8,
Hi{v}e = 8, {F}oe = 8, {D}i{v}e = 18, E{d}i{f}y = 18, {T}i{f}f = 18,
{Th}ie{f} = 18, {Th}ie{v}e = 18, {T}ou{gh} = 18, E{n}ou{gh} = 28,
{N}a{v}y = 28, K{n}a{v}e = 28, {N}e{f}a{r}iou{s} = 2840, {M}u{f}f = 38,
{M}o{v}e = 38, {R}u{f}f = 48, {R}oo{f} = 48, {R}ou{gh} = 48,
{R}e{v}iew = 48, A{l}i{v}e = 58, A{l}oo{f} = 58, {L}ea{v}e = 58,
{L}ea{f} = 58, A{lph}a = 58, {Sh}ea{f} = 68, {Ch}a{f}f = 68,
{J}o{v}e = 68, {Sh}a{v}e = 68, {Sh}o{v}e = 68, {C}a{v}e = 78,
{C}al{f} = 78, {G}a{v}e = 78, {C}ou{gh} = 78, {Q}ua{f}f = 78,
{Q}ui{v}e{r} = 784, {F}i{v}e = 88, {F}i{f}e = 88, {F}eo{f}f = 88,
{F}i{fth} = 881, {V}i{v}i{d} = 881, {F}a{c}e{s} = 800.
9 IS REPRESENTED BY "B" AND "P." (Nine) {B}eautiful {P}eacocks would
indicate the figure value of 9, in the initial consonants of
"{b}eautiful {p}eacocks." {B}ee = 9, and the two vowels "ee" have no
figure value. {B}ow = 9, {P}ie = 9, {P}ew = 9, {P}ay = 9, A{p}e = 9,
U{p} = 9, {B}y = 9, {B}a{s}e = 90, {B}ia{s} = 90, {P}o{s}e = 90,
{P}au{s}e = 90, {B}oa{t} = 91, {B}o{th} = 91, {B}ea{d} = 91,
{B}ea{n} = 92, {B}o{n}e = 92, {P}o{t} = 91, {P}a{th} = 91, {P}a{d} = 91,
{P}i{n}e = 92, {B}ea{m} = 93, {B}a{r} = 94, {B}a{l}e = 95,
{B}a{dg}e = 96, {B}u{sh} = 96, {B}u{f}f = 98, {B}a{b}y = 99,
{P}oe{m} = 93, {P}ai{r} = 94, {P}i{l}e = 95, {P}u{sh} = 96,
{P}a{g}e = 96, {P}u{f}f = 98, {P}i{p}e = 99, {P}o{p}e = 99,
{P}ac{k} = 97.
1. Why is 5 represented by "L"?
2. By what is 6 represented?
3. Through the initial consonants of what sentence, not considering
the six in brackets?
4. Where do we find the letter equivalents of 7, not regarding the
seven in brackets?
5. What termination do we also use to express 7?
6. If the termination "ng" represent 7, what is the figure value of
Singing?
7. Give the figure value of Hong-kong.
8. By what two consonants do we represent 8?
9. Why?
10. Give the figure value of the vowels in these illustrations, if
you find they have any value.
The representatives of the figures from 0 up to 9 are given in the
initial consonants of the ten subsequent phrases following the
figures:--
"{S}i{d}{n}ey {M}e{r}{l}i{sh} {g}a{v}e a {b}ow"[C]
= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
Nought (0) {S}o {Z}ealous {C}eases.
One (1) {T}ankard {th}is {D}ay.
Two (2) {N}ostrils. (or 2 {N}ations. Ex. 35, 10; 37, 22.)
Three (3) {M}eals. (or 3 {M}ighty {M}en. 2 Sam. 23.)
Four (4) {R}oads. (or 4 {R}ings. Ex. 25, 26; 38, 5.)
Five (5) {L}oaves. (Matt. 14; Mark 6; Luke 9.)
Six (6) {Sh}y {J}ewesses {Ch}ose {G}eorge.
Seven (7) {G}reat {K}ings {C}ame {Q}uarrelli{ng}.
Eight (8) {F}old {V}alue. (or 8 '{V}arsity {F}ellows.)
Nine (9) {P}in {B}owling.
[C] Gouraud said: "{S}a{t}a{n} {m}ay {r}e{l}i{sh} {c}o{f}fee {p}ie."
This explanation is a help to remember the _letter-values of the
figures_. Another way to fix these values in mind for permanent use is
to turn _words into figures_, as in going through an ordinary
spelling-book. This practice quickly enables you to _turn figures into
words_, and to translate them back into figures. Facility will be
attained long before the lessons are completed. But this lesson,
_thoroughly_ studied, will secure the needful proficiency.
1. By what two consonants is the figure value of 9 represented?
2. What are represented in the initial consonants of the ten
Phrases here given, not including, of course, the words before
the figures in brackets?
3. Are these sentences of any help in remembering the letter values
of the figures?
4. What other way is there to fix these values in mind?
5. What does this practice enable you to do?