_Period of Civil War and Reconstruction._
=JAMes Buchanan.= } In.
=AbrahAM Lincoln.= }
This pair of names furnishes an In. by _spelling_, not sound, "am" in
both, but not pronounced alike. This must be _noticed_, as it is a weak
In.
=Abraham LinCOLN.= } In.
=Andrew JOHNson.= }
The "l" in "coln," and the "h" in "John" are silent. It is a case of In.
by sound. To the ear the sound of "Con." is like that of "Jon."
=ANdrew Johnson.= } In.
=Ulysses S. GrANt.= }
"An" in Andrew and in Grant has the same sound.
=UlyssES S. Grant.= } In.
=Rutherford B. HayES.= }
"Es" in Ulyss_es_ and in Hay_es_ is the same in _spelling_--but not in
sound. It must be _noticed_, as it is the weakest of all. A stronger tie
has heretofore been given.
=Rutherford B. HAYes.= } Con.
=James A. GarFIELD.= }
There is a strong association between Hay of _Hay_es and and the field
of Gar_field_, as in the familiar word "Hayfield."
=James A. GARfield.= } In.
=Chester A. ARthur.= }
In "Gar" and "Ar" there is a strong In. by sound.
=Chester A. ArTHUR.= } In.
=GroVER Cleveland.= }
Between "thur" and "ver" there is a clear In. by sound.
=Grover ClevelANd.= } Con.
=BenjAMin Harrison.= }
There is a fair In. by sound between "an" and "am;" but as they are
alphabetically reversed, it makes a case of Con. reversed.
=BenjAMin Harrison.= } In. &
=Grover ClevelANd.= } Ex.
Here "am" and "an" occur in alphabetical order, and is a case of In.,
and "jam," meaning pressing together, and "cle(a)ve" meaning to
separate, are opposites, hence it is also an example of Exclusion.
Let the student, as in the case of the other groups, recall this list
several times, and each time revive the relation by which each pair of
names was cemented together, and after this let him recall this list
several times both ways without reviving the cementing relations, and
finally let him recall several times, both ways, the entire series of
Presidents from Washington to Cleveland, and from Cleveland to
Washington.