among the Missouri Indians 463-464
claim to land based on 477
need of 543
of the Plains tribes 407
AMERICAN FUR COMPANY, traders of 621
AMPUTATION, practice of 427-428
ANIMAL LIFE, of the upper Missouri 410-412
ANIMAL SYMBOLS, use of 412
ANIMALS—
belief concerning: 487
custom regarding killing of 412
list of, used for food 583
ANNUITIES, distribution of 473
ANTELOPE, hunting of 535
ANTIQUITIES, absence of 413, 414
ARIKARA—
migration of 405
pottery of 413
ARROW AND BOW, used in buffalo hunting 542
ARROWS, game played with 570
ASSINBOIN INDIANS—
advancement of 579-580
attitude of, toward debts 476
character of 459
characteristics of 397,468
discussion of method of dealing with 470-474
etymologic interpretations of the name 381
intellectual capacity of 593-602
intertribal relations of 403-404
names of 396
origin of 395
progress of 620-623
strength of, compared with white man's 529
territory occupied by 396-397
traditional origin of 382
ATONEMENT, no conception of 490
AUDUBON, assisted by Denig 381
BAD ANIMAL, Assiniboin war leader 402
BALL GAME, described, 565-566
BAND, composition of 431
BEADS—
use of 590
BEAR—
claws of, worn as necklace 553
dead, invocations to 499-500
killing of 537-538
BEARD—
extraction of 593
BEAVER, trapping of 411, 538
BELIEFS—
concerning animals, 487
concerning astronomy, 414-418
concerning crime, 479-483
concerning future life, 418
concerning Great Spirit, 397
concerning territorial rights, 476-478
concerning the earth, 406
BETTING, on races, 566
BIRDS—
list of, eaten by Indians, 583
BLACK ROOT, medicinal use of 425-426
BLACKFEET, migration of 405-406
BLEEDING, practice of 426
BLUE THUNDER, Assiniboin warrior, 402
BODY PAINTING, for the dance 559, 562
BONES—
of prehistoric animals 411-412
of the dead, reinterred 574-575
BOW AND ABROW, use of 542, 555
BOWL GAME, description of 567-569
BOYS, ASSINOBOIN, characteristics of 444
BRAVERY, exhibition of 550
BRAVES' DANCE, described 558-560
BUFFALO—
as food 581-582
discussion of destruction of 460-462
hunting of 530-536
importance of 410-411
parts of, eaten raw 581
_See also_ GAME; HUNTING
BULLS' DANCE, described 532
BULL'S DRY BONES, doctor and soothsayer 422
BURIAL CUSTOMS 570-576
BURIAL MOUNDS, absence of 573
BURIALS—
in lodge 573
in sitting position 573, 574
on hilltop 572
orientation in 572, 573
scaffold or tree 493, 571, 572, 574
_See also_ GRAVES
CALUMET, ceremonial use of 446-447
CAMP—
Indian life in 508-510
organization of 440-446
CANNIBALISM, in time of famine 523, 534
CANOE INDIANS, an Assiniboin band 430
CANOES—
use of 579
CAPACITY, INTELLECTUAL, of the Indian 593-602
CAPTIVES, treatment of 551, 552, 553
CATAMENIAL CUSTOMS 524
CHARACTER, of the Indian 693-602
CHARMS—
animal symbols used as 412
belief in 495
CHASTITY—
attitude toward violation of 482
of captives, violation of 553
_See also_ ADULTERY; VIRGINITY
CHIEFS—
authority of 622
duties of 431-432, 441
_See also_ HEAD CHIEF; WAR CHIEF
CHIEFTAINSHIP—
settlement of 432-433, 435
succession in 449
CHILD BEARING, age of 513
CHILDBIRTH, customs connected with 429, 516-517
CHILDREN—
behavior of 520
care of 444
correction of 620
customs concerning 519
grief over loss of 573
male, most desirable 521
mortality among 513
orphan, care of 576
torture of, as captives 551, 552
CLAN TOTEMS, absence of 435
CLANS, of the Upper Missouri Indians, 434-435
CLIMATE
of the Upper Missouri 410
CLOTHING
decorated with hair 560
made of skins 504, 506
of men 585-586
of the Assiniboin 464-465, 584-590
of women 587-588
renewal of 588
worn while sleeping 590
_See also_ COSTUMES
COLUMBIA FUR COMPANY, traders of 621
COMMERCE, effect of, on Indian, 464, 485, 621-623
_See also_ TRADE; TRADERS
CONJURORS, _See_ DOCTORS
COOKING, methods of 582
COSTUME
of warriors 548, 552-554
worn at Bulls' dance 562
worn at Fox dance 561
worn at Soldiers' dance 563
COUNCIL, description of 436-440, 446-448
COUNCIL LODGE, diagram of 437
COUNCILS, discussion of 451
COUNTING, system of 418-420
COUP, counting of 560
COURTSHIP, customs of 510-511
CRADLE BOARDS, use of 519-520
CRAZY BEAR, Chief
account of 401
made head chief 431
speech of 597-599
CREATOR, conception of 486
CREDIT, among the Indians, 459
CRIME
beliefs concerning 479-483
Indian conception of 483
punishment of 448, 452, 455
_See also_ RETALIATION
CROW DANCE, described, 584
CROW INDIANS
amputation practiced by 427
crime among 454
dress of 587, 588
treatment by, of captives 551, 552
DANCES
description of 556-565
love making at 558
purpose served by 556, 557, 563, 564-565
DEATHS, causes of 478
See also BURIAL CUSTOMS; MOURNING CUSTOMS
DEBTS, payment of 459
DECORATION—
_See also_ ORNAMENTS.
DEER hunting of 536
DENIG, E.T.—
ancestry of 383-384
brief account of life of 380-381
character of 382
Indian name of 386
tribes described by 379
DE SMET, REV. G.I.—
acknowledgment by, to Denig 386
object of correspondence with 467
DESTRUCTION—
rarity of 425
DIVINING DANCE, briefly described 564
DIVINING MAN
application of the term 494
dress of 586
_See also_ DOCTORS; PRIESTS
DIVORCE, right of 512
DOCTORING, _See_ MEDICINE
DOCTORS—
activities of 443
character of 492
fear of 485
office of 492-493
payment to 423, 424
_See also_ DIVINING MAN; PRIESTS
DOGS
ceremonial eating of 489, 491
feast on, at soldiers' dance 563
DREAMS—
beliefs concerning 494-495
symbols adopted after 412
DRESS, _See_ CLOTHING; COSTUMES
DRUMS, described 619
DUCK DANCE, described 562
DYESTUFFS, native 591
EAGLE FEATHERS—
badge of distinction 449
value of 589
EARTH, beliefs concerning the 414
EARTH LODGES, construction of 579
ECLIPSE, beliefs concerning 415
EDUCATION, discussion of need of 466-470
ELK, hunting of 537
ELK HORNS, mound of 398
ELK TEETH, value of 589
ERMINE SKINS, value of 589
EXCHANGE, no medium of 420
EYESIGHT, acuteness of 527-528
FABLES, of the Assiniboin 609-617
FACIAL PAINTING
for burial 570
for the dance 557, 563
for war 554
FAMILY LIFE, of the Assiniboin 503-508
FASTING
in time of scarcity 509
object of 489-490
FATHER-IN-LAW TABOO 503-504
FEASTING, in time of plenty 509
FEATHERS, eagle
a mark of rank 553
value of 589
FETISHES—
belief in 495
_See also_ CHARMS
FEUDS, the result of murder 453
_See also_ RETALIATION; REVENGE
FIREARMS—
importance of 466
valued highly 555
_See also_ GUNS
FIRST-WHO-FLIES, account of 401-402
FISHING, among Upper Missouri Indians 544, 582
FLUTE, use of 512
FOOD—
animal, of the Upper Missouri Indian 581-582
of the Plains tribes 407-408
quantities of, consumed 509
FOOT RACES, popularity of 566
FORT BENTON, a trading point 407
FORT BERTHOLD, a trading point 407
FORT CLARKE, a trading point 407
FORT PIERRE, a trading point 407
FORT UNION—
a trading point 407
described by Denig 381
FOX DANCE, described 561
trapping of 538-539
FUR TRADE, _See_ TRADE; COMMERCE
FUTURE LIFE, belief in 418
GAMBLING—
among women 569-570
games used for 567-570
infatuation for 567
losses in 569
_See also_ BETTING
GAME—
abundance of 460
discussion of diminution of 460-530
division of, after hunt 456, 531, 533-534, 539
laws regarding 455-456
of the upper Missouri 410-411
GAMES, of the Indians 565-566
GENS DES CANOTS, an Assiniboin band 430
GENS DES FILLES, an Assiniboin band 430
GENS DES ROCHES, an Assiniboin band 430
GENS DU GAUCHE, an Assiniboin band 430
GENS DU LAC, an Assiniboin band 430
GENS DU NORD, an Assiniboin band 430
GHOSTS, beliefs concerning 493, 494
GIFTS—
compensation expected for 600
for treatment of the sick 424
return of 475
GIRLS, ASSINIBOIN, characteristics of 444
GOVERNMENT, Assiniboin 435, 445-446
_See also_ CHIEFS; CHIEFTAINSHIP;
TRIBAL ORGANIZATION
GRAVES—
not marked 572, 576
GRAZING, on the plains 408
GREETINGS, of the Indians 524
GROS VENTRES—
ceremonial scarification of 490
self-torture of 522
women and children spared by 551
GROS VENTRES OF THE PRAIRIE—
migration of 405
once Arapaho 405
GUNS, manner of using 555
HABITAT, of the Assiniboin 406-410
HAIR—
symbolism of, when decorating clothing 560
HAIRDRESSING 554
HANDGAME, description of 569
HAYDEN, F. V.—
Denig manuscript used by 380
Denig's vocabulary mentioned by 382
HEAD CHIEF, duties of 441
HORSE RACES, trickery in 566
HORSES—
a cause of warfare 470
disposal of, at owner's death 479
introduction of 412
sacrifice of 491
stolen by war party 547
value of 471
wealth estimated by 474
HOSPITALITY, INDIAN—
affairs settled through 514
discussion of 513-515
self-interest in 515
HUDSON BAY COMPANY
custom of 594
ruse practiced 595
HUNTER—
dress of 586
precarious life of 504
HUNTING—
instruction in 542
laws connected with 455
season for 539
HUNTING CUSTOMS 444-445, 504, 530-543
HYDROPHOBIA, remedy for 426
IDOLS, use of 497
IMMORTALITY, belief In 418, 498-499
IMPLEMENTS, of the upper Missouri tribes 398, 414
INDIAN AGENTS, discussion of office of 473-474
INDIAN DANCES, _See_ DANCES
INDIAN SCHOOLS, urgent need of 466-470
INDIAN SONGS, _See_ SONGS
INFANTICIDE, a common custom 521
INFIDELITY, punishment for 504-505
INHERITANCE, among the Assiniboin 478-479
INTERMARRIAGE, with whites 625
IRON ARROW POINT, CHIEF, mention of 573
JUGGLERY, fear inspired by 528
KINSHIP, terms of 503
KURZ, FREDERICK, Denig discussed by 384-386
LABOR
attitude toward 553
division of 463, 505
LAND, rights to 476-478
LANGUAGE, of the Assiniboin 402, 625
LANGUAGES
preservation of 405
LARAMIE TREATY
effect of 467
reference to 431
LE BAS ROUGE, a branch of the Canoe Indians 431
LE CHEF DU TONNEBBE, speech of 600-602
LE GROS FRANÇOIS, Assiniboin chief 395
LEGEND, Assiniboin 500-503
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION,
mention of 395
LIQUOR, bad effects of 530
LODGES
burial in 573
construction of 577-578
manner of using 578
orderly life in 507-508
soldiers' 436
_See also_ EARTH LODGES; COUNCIL
LODGE; SACRED LODGE
LONG HAIR, Crow chief, mention of 479
LONGEVITY, of the Indians 513
LYING, a common custom 482
MANDAN
ceremonial scarification of 490
epidemic among 400
self-torture of 522
MARRIAGE CUSTOMS 504, 506, 507, 510-512, 522
_See also_ INTERMARRIAGE
MASTER OF THE PARK, duties of 443
MEAT—
curing of 581
division of, after hunt 531
MEDICINE—
practice of 422-426
use of the word 486
MEDICINE MEN, _See_ DOCTORS; PRIESTS
MEDICINE SACK, described 498
MEDICINES, of the whites, Indian use of 581
MICE COMRADES' DANCE, described 564
MIDWIFE, office of 516
MIGRATION—
of the Assiniboin 395-396
of tribes 405-406
MINERAL SPRINGS, occurrence of 409
MISSIONARIES, discussion of teachings of 468
MONGOLOID—
beliefs concerning 417, 484-485
time reckoned by 416
MORTALITY, among children 513
MORTUARY CUSTOMS, _See_ BURIALS; GRAVES;
MOURNING CUSTOMS; WIDOWERS; WIDOWS.
MOTHER-IN-LAW TABOO 503-504
MOUND, of elk horns 398
MOUNDS—
absence of 576
MOURNING CUSTOMS 556, 571, 572, 575
MURDER—
Indian beliefs concerning 480
punishment for 452-454
MUSIC—
described 617-618
on the flute 512
MUTILATION, as a sign of mourning 572
MYTHOLOGY, of the Upper Missouri Indians 500-503
MYTHS, relating of 607-608
NAMES—
change of 516-517
of camp soldiers, list of 518
of chiefs, list of 518-519
of warriors, list of 518
of women, list of 619
NAMING OF CHILDREN 516-517
NUDITY, attitude toward 560
OATHS, use of 524
OLD PEOPLE, treatment of 422, 443-444, 576-577
OMENS, belief in 497
ORATORY, of the Indians 526, 596-602
_See also_ SPEECHES
ORIENTATION, in burial 572, 573
ORNAMENTS, use of 590-591
PAINTING, on clothing 421, 586
_See also_ BODY PAINTING; FACIAL PAINTING.
PAINTS AND DYES, use of 591
PARENTS, attitude toward 485
PARK, buffalo caught in 532-533
PEACE TREATIES, between tribes 404
PICTOGRAPHS, reading of 412-413
_See also_ PICTURE WRITING
PICTURE WRITING—
explanation of 603, 606-607
use of 421, 603-605
PIPES, use of 413
POPULATION—
affected by smallpox 465
causes of reduction in 625
effect on, of intoxicating drinks 465
increase of 405
of the Assiniboin 396-397
PORCUPINE QUILLS, use of 590, 591
POTTERY—
of the Arikara 413
PRAIRIE FIRES, effect of 408-409
PRAYERS—
object of 412
of a warrior 483-484
to ghosts 484
PRESENTS, _See_ GIFTS
PRIESTS—
character of 492
name for 486
office of 492-493
power of, in council 450-451
_See also_ DOCTORS; DIVINING MAN
PRIMOGENITURE, among Assiniboin 478-479
PRISONERS, _See_ CAPTIVES
PROFANITY, lack of, among Indians 482
PROPERTY—
loss of, as result of crime 480
of the deceased, disposal of 571
placed with the dead 571
PROPERTY RIGHTS, discussion of 474-476
PROVISION STEALERS' DANCE, described 564
PUBLIC CRIER, duties of 442
PUNISHMENT—
for violations of law 445
of crime 479-483
_See also_ RETALIATION.
QUILLS, PORCUPINE, use of 590, 591
RACES, betting on 566
RANK, insignia of 592-593
RAPE, punishment for 482
RATTLE, made of hoofs 619
RATTLESNAKE, cure for bite of 425-426
RED ROOT INDIANS, a branch of the Canoe Indians 430-431
RELATIONS, GOVERNMENTAL, with Indians, discussion of 470-474
RELIGION—
discussion of attempted change in 468-469
of the Upper Missouri Indians 481-483, 486-493, 594
_See also_ CRIME
RETALIATION, among the Assiniboin 452-455
RETREAT, in warfare, attitude toward 560
REVENGE, justification of 481
_See also_ CRIME; RETALIATION
RICE, WILD, use of 584
ROBBERY, among the Indians 476
_See also_ THEFT.
RUNNING, speed in 529
SACRED LODGE—
ceremony of 488-489
construction of 488
SACRIFICE—
amputation of fingers as 427-428
made by hunters 535
to the river 536
to Wakoñda 489
SCAFFOLD BURIALS
description of 572
disintegration of 574
reasons for, 571
SCALP DANCE, description of 557-558
SCALP SONG, singing of 555, 556, 557-558
SCALPING, practice of 524
SCALPING KNIFE, described, 555
SCALPS, rejoicing over, 555-556
SCARIFICATION, practice of 490, 564
SCHOOLCRAFT, HENRY R., circular by, 378
SCHOOLS
Indian, need of 466-470
SCOUTS, of war party, duties of 549
SEASONS, recognition of 415
SELF-TORTURE, to propitiate Wakoñda, 490
SHELLS
highly valued, 590-591
SHIELD
rawhide, described, 553
SICKNESS
treatment of 423-424
_See also_ SMALL POX
SIGHT, acuteness in sense of 527-528
SILVER, use of 591
SIOUX BANDS, list of 435
Sioux INDIANS, dress of 587
SKIN DRESSING, described 540-541
SKINS—
judging of 539
used for clothing 584
SKY, beliefs concerning 415
SMALLPOX—
difficulty of curing 428
epidemics of 396, 399, 400
SMOKING, custom of 524
SNOW, hunting in 535
SOLDIERS—
duties of 442, 448
organization of 436
SOLDIERS' DANCE, described 562
SONGS—
accompanying ceremonies 496
list of 618-619
lullabies 620
use of 617
SON-IN-LAW, status of 511
SORCERY, fear inspired by 528
SPEAKING, in public 526
SPEARHEADS—
_See also_ POINTS.
SPEECHES—
at scalp dance 558
made by Assiniboin chief 438-439
of Crazy Bear 597-599
of Le Chef du Tonnerre 600-602
_See also_ ORATORY; SPEAKING.
STARS, knowledge concerning 417
STEALING, _See_ THEFT.
STOICISM OF THE INDIAN 525
STONE INDIANS, an Assiniboin band 430
STORY-TELLING, _See_ MYTHS.
STRENGTH, Indians—
Assiniboin 529
SUGAR, method of obtaining 584
SUICIDE, among Indians 522
SUN—
beliefs concerning 415
worship of 496
SWEAT HOUSE, use of 425
_See also_ VAPOR BATHS
SYMBOLS, ANIMAL, use of 412
TABOOS, concerning women 524
TACITURNITY OF THE INDIAN 526
TATTOOING—
a mark of dignity 449
custom of 522, 592
TERRITORY, rights to 476-478
THE GAUCHE, Assiniboin chief, account of 400
THEFT—
among the Indians 476, 481-482
punishment for 482
TIME, reckoning of 415-416
TOBACCO, ceremonial use of 447, 496
TOMAHAWK, manner of using 555
TORTURE OF ENEMIES 491-492, 551
_See also_ SELF-TORTURE.
TRADE—
of the upper Missouri 457-466
profits of 460
with the Assiniboin 397-398
TRADERS—
demands upon 460
general character of 457, 621
risks taken by 459
TRADING, method of 458, 459
TRADING POINTS, on the Missouri 407
TRADITIONS—
Assiniboin 402-403
relating of 521
TRAVEL—
guidance in 526-527
traces left by 527
TREATIES, with the Assiniboin 398
TREBITSCH, R. 573
TRIBAL ORGANIZATION, Assiniboin 430-431
TRIBES—
divisions of 404
list of, described by Denig 378
migrations of 405-406
separation of 405
TWINS, occurrence of 513
VACCINATION, among the Assiniboin 428
VAPOR BATHS, effect of 429
_See also_ SWEAT HOUSE
VEGETAL FOOD, of Upper Missouri Indians, 583
VERMIN, method of disposing of 584
VESSELS, CLAY, for cooking, 581
VIRGINITY
precautions to insure, 590
violation of, of captives, 553
VOCABULARIES, recorded by Denig, 382-383
WAH-HE' MUZZA, Assiniboin chief, 395
WAKOÑDA
the Creator, 414
the supernatural power, 486, 487-488
WAR
a means of advancement, 525
made to steal horses, 544
made to take scalps, 544, 548-551
object of 544
WAR CHIEFS, power of 449-450
WAR CLUB, stone, use of 555
WAR EXPLOITS, recounting of 559-560
WAR LEADER, responsibility of 443
WAR PARTY
attack by, described, 549-550
organization of 544-545
return of 547-548
tactics of 545-547
WAR WHOOP, use of 551
WARFARE
attitude toward retreat in 560
causes of, 470
causes of failure in 548
customs of 544-554
means of preventing, 470-471
precautions taken in 549
WARRIOR, burial of 570-571
WARRIORS
Assiniboin, list of 401-402
dress of 553-554, 586, 589
insignia of, 593
tattooing of 592
WEAPONS, described, 555
WHIP DANCE, briefly described, 564
WHISTLES, use of, in hunting, 537
WHITE CRANE DANCE, described, 563
WIDOWERS, remarriage of 511
WIDOWS
remarriage of 511
suicide among, 522
WILD RICE, use of 584
WITCHCRAFT, belief in 493-494
WOLVES, trapping of 538-539
"WOMAN CHIEF," account of 433-434
WOMEN
burial of 573
clothing of 587
customs regarding, 524
list of names of 519
marriageable age of 611
status of 433, 451, 455
treatment of, as captives, 551, 552, 553
work of 444, 505
WOMEN'S DANCE, briefly described, 564
WOMEN'S GAME, description of 569-570
WOOLEN GOODS, introduction of 464-465
WOUNDS, recovery from, 429-430
[Transcriber's Note:
Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original.]