The Sea Captain's Daughter and Her House
[617 South Washington Street. Owners: Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm Westcott
Hill.]
This large, almost square house, rises three stories in a stately pile
of soft red brick, flanked by two ancient tulip trees towering
twenty-five feet above the pavilion roof, while a great box hedge
partially hides the front facade and large garden. Five generations of
the same family have called it home.
It is a romantic and interesting house. Built prior to 1853 by Reuben
Roberts on a half-acre of unimproved ground, it lay "in the country" for
some years. Roberts, a Quaker of the family of Cameron Farms, died in
1853; his widow moved to New Jersey, and the house stood new and
tenantless until 1857, when it was purchased by Captain Samuel Bancroft
Hussey of Portland, Maine, as a bridal gift for his only daughter,
Melissa Ann. And thereby hangs a tale.
Gallant Captain Hussey is reported to have been a descendant of that
Christopher Hussey who arrived in Charlestown, Massachusetts, in 1630
and became one of the large proprietors. Intended for the Navy at an
early age he ran away to sea and became a master of Clipper ships that
raced the seas in the China trade. Captain in succession of the
_Reindeer_, the _Strabo_, earlier and smaller vessels, he became Captain
of the _Westward Ho_ on which, in 1854, he made a record trip of
eighty-five days from Canton to New York. In 1857 he speeded the same
vessel from Boston around the Horn to San Francisco in a hundred days.
Two years later he died on the _Stag Hound_ of which he was master and
part owner.
[Illustration: _The Stag Hound_, one of the great clipper ships in the
China trade]
The _Westward Ho_ was a great and beautiful ship of sixteen hundred
tons, outfitted with every comfort and luxury of her day, including
crystal, books, silver, and a melodeon on which to while away the hours
at sea. Captain Hussey was frequently accompanied on his voyages by his
wife, and for a time they lived in India, as well as many other far-off
and curious ports.
Melissa Ann Hussey[194] after her graduation from the Charlestown Female
Seminary, near Boston, made the grand tour with her father. This was not
her first voyage, as he had entrusted her to Captain Creesy, master of
the _Flying Cloud_ on a long journey from China. But on the occasion of
this grand tour graduation gift, he directed the _Westward Ho_ up the
Potomac and anchored in the then busy port of Alexandria. The city of
Washington was not very sophisticated in those days, so the official
and social set of the capital sought the theatres, taverns, and balls
of Alexandria. Statesmen had apartments at the new and elegant Braddock
House or Green's Mansions on Fairfax Street, and at this hotel the
Captain engaged a suite for himself and daughter.
[Illustration: To this house came the Portsmouth bride, Melissa Ann
Hussey Wood, with parakeets and nonpareils]
While in Alexandria, a romance developed which resulted, in 1857, in
the marriage of Melissa Hussey and Robert Lewis Wood. Their wedding took
place in New York, and the young couple returned to take up life in
Alexandria. No colonial house was desired by this bride of nineteen. She
must have something new and fresh and modern, and as though preordained,
they came upon the large red brick house at Franklin and Washington
Streets, much like those so well known to her in Portland, Longfellow's
"beautiful town that is seated by the sea."
With Melissa came to her new home a collection of rare birds in such
numbers that the room over the kitchen was devoted to the cages of
cockatoos, parakeets, parrots and nonpareils. Here these feathered
friends in spectrum-hued plumage lived among the potted plants and
charmed the little bride with their beauty and sweet tricks. Other
appendages included a chimpanzee, and a small Chinese slave boy, bought
by her father from one of the innumerable sampans in the harbor of
Canton. "Chinese Tom" was reared and educated by Melissa Wood and after
the War Between the States she gave him his freedom. For years he was
the only Chinaman in Alexandria. Mrs. Wood's granddaughter remembers the
visits of this man to her grandmother. He would station himself at the
entrance to her door and a long conversation would go on between the
guttural-voiced Oriental and the gentle little "Missey" whom he adored.
Almost unchanged is Melissa Hussey Wood's house. Her exquisite wax
flower arrangements, colored and molded by her hands, her mother's
tete-a-tetes, made in England and purchased in India, paintings of her
father's ships and his ivory chessmen, her silver wedding bouquet
holder, her baby's shoulder clips, her brass and crystal girandoles, her
pictures, books and chairs, have all been used by her two daughters, her
granddaughter, and her great-granddaughters. Old pressed brass cornices
decorate the windows above the lace curtains. Unusual, too, are the very
large silver daguerreotypes, made in California for the new house, and
the haircloth "pouf" rocking chairs. An Italian clock, bought by her
father in Florence, which arrived in Bangor, Maine, on the day Melissa
Ann was born in 1838, stands on its original music box base upon the
dining-room mantel. Strangest contrast of all, above the doors of this
high-ceilinged room are steel engravings in their contemporary oval
frames of Generals Joe Johnston, Stonewall Jackson, and Robert E. Lee,
placed there by the Yankee bride, who after three years in Alexandria
became an ardent champion of the Confederacy and never took the oath of
allegiance while Alexandria was under Union jurisdiction.
Acknowledgments
It would be impossible to write a book of this kind without a great deal
of help from many sources. This help was given by very busy people with
knowledge or documents, which inspired the historian to further
impositions upon their useful persons.
An expression of appreciation, always banal, is nevertheless an attempt
to express gratitude--and this is my only means of acknowledging my
obligations to friend and stranger. Without such help this book, such as
it is, would never have been written and so my lasting gratitude goes:
First, to my father, who said I would never finish it, and to my
husband, who said I would.
To Mr. Walter Wilcox, American Photographical Society, and Royal
Photographical Society, for his labors and beautiful photographs which
illustrate this book.
To Mrs. George Kirk, for endless and patient typing and sustained
enthusiasms.
To Miss Virgila Stephens, for intimating that I might be able to write
anything that anybody would ever care to read, and to Mrs. Worth Bailey,
who said I had.
To Mr. Worth Bailey, curator of Mount Vernon, for numerous historical
contributions, rare and authentic, for the finished seal of Alexandria,
the endpapers, the charming drawings, for editing; and lastly, for wise
and useful advice. Mr. Bailey's historical knowledge and artistic
training have been invaluable.
To Mrs. Louis Scott, for permission to see the scrapbook of her mother,
Mrs. Mary G. Powell, and family papers; for the Harper family records,
for her gracious assistance and advice, and for the use of her late
mother's _The History of Old Alexandria, Virginia_.
To Mrs. Robert M. Reese, for long and helpful hours and the generous use
of the Ramsay family records, and historical documents.
To the Lady Regents of Mount Vernon and to Mr. Wall, the superintendent,
for the use of the Mount Vernon library, the photograph of Lawrence
Washington, the choice bill of lading, and Dr. Dick's _George
Washington_.
To Miss Frances Herbert, for information about the Carlyle, Herbert and
Fairfax families, and for the photograph of John Carlyle's mother,
Rachel Carlyle.
To the late Mrs. Charles R. Hooff, for loan of the Carlyle genealogy and
for permission to photograph John Carlyle's snuffbox.
To Mrs. William Boothe, for Lee family notes and Christ Church
anecdotes.
To Mrs. Charles Baird, and her sister, Mrs. Gerhard Dieke, for
permission to quote from the books of their father, the late Fairfax
Harrison, and from the books of their late grandmother, Mrs. Burton
Harrison; for photographs of Sally Gary, George William Fairfax and Ben
Dulany.
To Mr. Taylor Burke, for the anecdote of the purchase money for Mount
Vernon.
To Judge Walter T. McCarthy, for permission to open court-sealed deed
books.
To the late clerk and assistant clerk of the Fairfax Court House,
Messrs. F.W. Richardson and Alton R. Holbrook, and to the present clerk,
Mr. Thomas P. Chapman Jr., for documents, photostats and unfailing
patience and courtesy.
To the attendants of the manuscript division, the map room and the rare
book room of the Library of Congress.
To the attendants of the Virginia state archives in Richmond, for
assistance in uncovering Alexandria records.
To the ladies at the Alexandria library.
To Miss S. Frances Leary, for the Michael Swope family notes.
To the late Mr. Charles Callahan, and to Mrs. Callahan, for permission
to quote from Mr. Callahan's works and for many inspirational talks with
Mr. Callahan.
To Captain George H. Evans for old photographs.
To Mrs. Arthur Herbert, for photographs of Herbert furniture from the
Carlyle house.
To Mr. Courtland Davis, for generous aid and valuable Alexandria records
and the use of his personal manuscripts and to Mr. Davis and the
Reverend Doctor William B. McIllwayne, for access to the old
Presbyterian meetinghouse session books.
To Miss Cora Duffy, for the records of the Sun Fire Company.
To Mrs. Margaret Gill Davis, for use of an old customs house journal.
To the late Mr. Ward Brown, for loan of architectural documents.
To Messrs. I.D. Matthews and Milton Grigg, for floor plans.
To Mrs. Howard Tolley, for the photograph of Dr. Brown and his obituary.
To Mr. Gardner L. Boothe and the vestry of Christ Church, for permission
to photograph the church.
To Mrs. Helen Lawrason Kirkpatrick, Miss Margaret Lawrason and Mrs.
Edward Butler, for a wonderful day at the Lawrason plantation,
Greenwood, in Louisiana, and the photographs of the Lawrason portraits.
To the Misses Carne, for the loan and use of valuable Alexandria
documents.
To Miss Belle da Costa Green, of the Pierpont Morgan Library, for use of
an important Martha Washington letter.
To Dr. St. George L. Sioussat, chief of the division of manuscripts of
the Library of Congress.
To Mr. Allen L. Reese, for exciting finds among the Washington papers in
that library.
To Mrs. Andrew Pickens, for notes on the Fowle family.
To Mr. Louis de Cazenove, for information on the Cazenove family.
To the late Mr. Cazenove Lee, for the story of General Robert E. Lee and
the Edmund I. Lee house.
To Mr. W.B. McGroarty, for the letters and biographical information on
Dr. Dick and permission to quote from his works.
To the Corcoran Gallery of Art for photographs of St. Memin's
Alexandrians.
To Mr. John O. Brostrup, Mr. Thomas Neil Darling, Mr. Lewis P. Woltz,
and others, for the use of photographs.
And last but not least, to Lena Harris, my old and faithful maid, who
made it all possible.
Chapter References
PART ONE: PROLOGUE
_An Account of the First Century of the Seaport of Alexandria._
[Footnote 1: Caton, _Jottings from the Annals of Alexandria_, 3-4; and
Powell, _The History of Old Alexandria, Virginia_, 25.]
[Footnote 2: Hening, _Statutes at Large_, IV, 268.]
[Footnote 3: _Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia_, Session
1727-34, 1736-40, 204.]
[Footnote 4: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 5: _Ibid._, Session 1742-47, 1748-49, 30.]
[Footnote 6: Fairfax County was formed from Prince William in 1742
(_Journals of the House of Burgesses, Virginia_, 1742-47, 70; and
Hening, V, 207-8) after numerous petitions to this effect had been
presented to the Burgesses, beginning as early as 1732 (_Ibid._,
1727-34, 1738-40, 146), with a request to divide the county into two
parishes.]
[Footnote 7: _Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia_, 1748-49,
1742-47, 265.]
[Footnote 8: _Ibid._, 375.]
[Footnote 9: _Ibid._, 404-5.]
[Footnote 10: Hening, _Statutes at Large_, VI, 214; and Caton's
_Jottings_, 6-8.]
[Footnote 11: Caton's _Jottings_.]
[Footnote 12: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 13: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 14: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 15: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 16: In 1748 George Washington made a survey of the site of
Belle Haven, and the following year, 1749, a plan of the town, doubtless
for his brother, Lawrence, who purchased lots. Now with the Washington
papers in the Library of Congress.]
[Footnote 17: _Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria_, 1749-1767.]
[Footnote 18: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 19: From data contributed by Robert C. Gooch, Chief of General
Reference and Bibliography Division, Library of Congress, Letter dated
April 11, 1947.]
[Footnote 20: _Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria_, 1749-1767.]
[Footnote 21: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 22: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 23: _Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia_,
1752-1755, 1756-1758, 21, 24 and 31.]
[Footnote 24: _Ibid._, 27.]
[Footnote 25: _Ibid._, 34.]
[Footnote 26: Analoston Island, formerly My Lords Island, was part of
the Alexander purchase.]
[Footnote 27: _Minutes of the Trustees, Recorded Deeds_; and Carne's
_Tiny Town_ notes.]
[Footnote 28: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries of George Washington_, I, 74.]
[Footnote 29: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 30: _Fitzpatrick, Writings of George Washington_, I, 148-150,
Washington's Report to Governor Dinwiddie, July 18, 1755.]
[Footnote 31: Burnaby, _Through the Middle Settlements in North America_
(1759-60), 40.]
[Footnote 32: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries of George Washington_, I, 163.]
[Footnote 33: _Ibid._, 294.]
[Footnote 34: _Ibid._, 294.]
[Footnote 35: Fitzpatrick, _Writings of George Washington_, II, 338.]
[Footnote 36: _Minutes of the House of Burgesses_, November 5, 1762, 76,
(Vol. 1761-1765); _Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria,_ 1749-1767.]
[Footnote 37: _Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria,_ 1749-1767.]
[Footnote 38: _House of Burgesses Journal,_ 1761-1765, 246.]
[Footnote 39: _Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria,_ 1749-1767.]
[Footnote 40: _Order Book_, Fairfax Court House, 1768-1770, 338.]
[Footnote 41: _The Charter and Laws of Alexandria, Va._, 78.]
[Footnote 42: Harrison, _Landmarks of Old Prince William_, II, 416, note
46.]
[Footnote 43: Letter to George Washington from Lund Washington, April
28, 1792. _Toner Transcripts_, Library of Congress. Copied from notes in
Mount Vernon Ladies Association Library.]
[Footnote 44: Wilstack, _Mount Vernon_, 138.]
[Footnote 45: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 46: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries of George Washington_, II, 209.]
[Footnote 47: Letter of Olney Winsor to his wife in Providence, Rhode
Island. Original in archives, State Library, Richmond, Virginia.]
[Footnote 48: Harrison, _Landmarks of Old Prince William_, II, 409.]
[Footnote 49: Morse, _The American Geography_, 381.]
[Footnote 50: Harrison, _Landmarks of Old Prince William_, II, 408.]
[Footnote 51: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 52: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 53: _A Stranger in America_ (Anonymous), 213.]
[Footnote 54: Snowden, _The Laws of the Corporation of the Town of
Alexandria from 1779 to 1811_, 32.]
[Footnote 55: Fitzpatrick, _Writings of George Washington_, III, 18.]
[Footnote 56: Caton, _Jottings_, 115.]
PART TWO: THE PRESENCE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, 1749-1799.
Chapter 1. WILLIAM RAMSAY: _Romulus of Alexandria_.
[Footnote 57: Harrison, _Landmarks of Old Prince William_, II, 371,
quoting President Madison in 1827.]
[Footnote 58: Harrison, _Landmarks of Old Prince William_, II, 406.]
[Footnote 59: _Ibid._, 663. Alexandria, 1749. Record Hening, I, 214,
C.O. 5, 1895, No. 20. Description: "60 Acres ... parcel of the land of
Philip Alexander, John Alexander, and Hugh West, situate ... on the
south side of Potomack River about the mouth of Great Hunting Creek in
the county of Fairfax." Trustees: Thomas, Lord Fairfax, William Fairfax,
George William Fairfax, Richard Osborne, Lawrence Washington, William
Ramsay, John Carlyle, John Pagan, Gerard Alexander, Hugh West, Philip
Alexander.]
[Footnote 60: Hamilton, _Letters_, II, 164.]
[Footnote 61: Harrison, _Landmarks_, II, 414; Hayden, _Virginia
Genealogies_, 88; _William and Mary College Quarterly Historical
Magazine_, IV, 17; _Maryland Gazette_ (_Copy in Ramsay Family
records_).]
[Footnote 62: _Maryland Gazette_, December 1761, Ramsay Family records.]
[Footnote 63: Lipscomb, _The Writings of Thomas Jefferson_, IV, 90,
Memorial Edition.]
[Footnote 64: Letter of Martha Washington to Betty Ramsay, dated
Cambridge, December 30, 1775. Courtesy Pierpont Morgan Library.]
[Footnote 65: _Ramsay Family records._]
[Footnote 66: See reference No. 8, _supra_.]
[Footnote 67: _Deed Book P_, 365, December 20, 1784. Fairfax Court
House.]
[Footnote 68: _Deed Book B_, 168, July 14, 1785. Alexandria Land
Records.]
[Footnote 69: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries of George Washington_, II, 342.]
[Footnote 70: From a newspaper clipping in _Ramsay Family records_.]
[Footnote 71: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries_, II, 356.]
[Footnote 72: From a newspaper clipping in _Ramsay Family records_.]
_Alexandria Deed Book F_, 331.
_Alexandria Will Book 4_, 92.
_Fairfax Deed Books_: _D_, No. 1, Part I, 436; _D_, 380; _M_, No. 1,
286.
Chapter 2. JOHN CARLYLE AND HIS HOUSE.
[Footnote 73: _Will Book I-D_, 368. Fairfax Court House.]
[Footnote 74: _Minute Book_, 1753 Fairfax Court House.]
[Footnote 75: _Will Book, I-D_, 368. Fairfax Court House.]
[Footnote 76: _Will Book I-D_, 203-207. Fairfax Court House.]
[Footnote 77: Harrison, _Early American Turf Stock_, I, 152, 155-156.]
Chapter 3. THE MARRIED HOUSES.
[Footnote 78: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries_, I, 308.]
[Footnote 79: _Ibid._, 366.]
[Footnote 80: _Deed Book E_, 63. Alexandria.]
[Footnote 81: From information furnished by Mr. Taylor Burke.]
_Alexandria Deed Books_: _43_, 445; _E_, 90, 316; _L-3_, 474; _P-3_,
650; _Q-3_, 19; _T-3_, 537; _V-3_, 383; _W_, 398; _W-3_, 453.
_Alexandria Will Book 4_, 63.
_Fairfax Will Book D_, 17-20.
Chapter 4. THE FAIRFAXES OF BELVOIR AND ALEXANDRIA.
[Footnote 82: Neill, _The Fairfaxes of England and America_, 49.]
[Footnote 83: Fitzpatrick, _Writings_, I, 166.]
[Footnote 84: _Ibid._, 122-123.]
[Footnote 85: Cary, _Sally Cary_, 50.]
[Footnote 86: Neill, _The Fairfaxes of England and America_, 95-97.]
[Footnote 87: _Minute Book_, Court held August 15, 1758, 501-502.]
[Footnote 88: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries_, II, 118.]
[Footnote 89: Fitzpatrick, _Writings_, XXVII, 58].
[Footnote 90: _Ibid._, 57.]
[Footnote 91: _Ibid._, XXXVI, 262-265.]
Chapter 5. THE GEORGE WILLIAM FAIRFAX HOUSE.
[Footnote 92: _Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria, 1749-1767_; _Deed
Book G-1_, 116. Fairfax Court House.]
[Footnote 93: _Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria, 1749-1767_.]
[Footnote 94: Fairfax Court House Records. Missing Liber K (now in the
Library of Congress), 124-127.]
[Footnote 95: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries_, II, 42.]
[Footnote 96: Personal Property Tax, Fairfax County (1782-1793).
Virginia State Library Archives, No. 400.]
[Footnote 97: Lee, _Lee of Virginia_, 235-254.]
[Footnote 98: Shepperson, _John Paradise and Lucy Ludwell_, 98.]
[Footnote 99: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries_, IV, 270, 280.]
_Alexandria Deed Books_: _B_, 364; _D_, No. 2, 177.
_Alexandria Will Book 2_, 278 (Orphans' Court).
_Fairfax Deed Books_: _C-1_, 382; _G-1_, 116.
_Fairfax Deed Book K_, 119-127; 302-307, 368, 370. Now in Library of
Congress.
Chapter 6. JOHN GADSBY AND HIS FAMOUS TAVERN.
[Footnote 100: _Tyler's Quarterly Historical and Genealogical Magazine_,
XVI, No. 4, 233.]
[Footnote 101: So-called by Thomas T. Waterman, author of _The Mansions
of Virginia_.]
[Footnote 102: _Columbia Mirror and Alexandria Gazette_, October 30,
1793.]
[Footnote 103: _Ibid._, November 6, 1793.]
[Footnote 104: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 105: A number of years ago the Metropolitan Museum acquired by
purchase the woodwork of the great ballroom, where so many of
Alexandria's social events had taken place. It is an outstanding exhibit
in the American wing.]
[Footnote 106: Custis, _Recollections and Private Memoirs_, 451-452.]
[Footnote 107: _Liber R_, _No. 2_, 372. 1809. Alexandria.]
[Footnote 108: _Alexandria Gazette_, October 19, 1824.]
[Footnote 109: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries_, IV, 298.]
[Footnote 110: _Tyler's Quarterly Historical and Genealogical Magazine_,
XVI, No. 4, 238.]
[Footnote 111: _Ibid._]
_Alexandria Liber P_, No. 2, 421. Indenture, July 8, 1802.
Chapter 7. THE MICHAEL SWOPE HOUSE.
[Footnote 112: _Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria,_ 1749-1767.]
[Footnote 113: _Liber D_ (1755-1761), 452. Fairfax Court House.]
[Footnote 114: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 115: _Liber B_, 375. July 25, 1786. Alexandria.]
_Alexandria Deed Book X_, 330.
_Fairfax Liber I_, No. 1, 321-322; _N_, No. 1, 226.
Chapter 8. DR. WILLIAM BROWN _Author of the First American
Pharmacopoeia_ AND HIS DWELLING.
[Footnote 116: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries_, II, 64.]
[Footnote 117: Fitzpatrick, _Writings_, XXX, 133.]
[Footnote 118: Lund Washington's ledger, 148. Manuscript Collection of
the Mount Vernon Ladies Association.]
[Footnote 119: Washington's Papers, Ledger B, 119. Library of Congress.]
_Alexandria Liber B_, No. 3, 273; H, No. 1, 140.
_Fairfax Deed Books_: _D_, No. 1, Part 1, 436; _M_, No. 1, 25, 261; _O_,
No. 1, 82.
_Fairfax Liber M_, 259; _S_, No. 1, 419.
Chapter 9. THE PERUKE SHOP.
[Footnote 120: _Order Book_, 333-334. (April 18, 1759.) Fairfax Court
House.]
[Footnote 121: _Liber J_ (I), 236. Alexandria.]
_Alexandria Deed Books_: _F_, 483; _S_, 420; _V_, 114.
_Alexandria Liber O_, No. 2, 453.
_Fairfax Deed Books_: _C_, 306; _G_, 119; _P_, No. 1, 385.
_Fairfax Liber D_, 169.
Chapter 10. HISTORIC CHRIST CHURCH.
[Footnote 122: Truro Parish Vestry Book (Manuscript), _sub._ June 4,
1753.]
[Footnote 123: _Ibid._, November 22, 1754.]
[Footnote 124: _Ibid._, November 29, 1756.]
[Footnote 125: Slaughter, _Truro Parish_, 96-100.]
[Footnote 126: Papers of George Washington, Library of Congress, Vol.
258.]
Chapter 11. THE PRESBYTERIAN MEETINGHOUSE.
[Footnote 127: Dr. Muir's Report, in the files of the Presbyterian
Historical Society, Philadelphia.]
[Footnote 128: _Minutes of the Session._]
[Footnote 129: _Committee Book_, October 4, 1825, 132.]
[Footnote 130: _Alexandria Gazette_, 1831.]
[Footnote 131: _Committee Minutes_, 208.]
[Footnote 132: _Ibid._, 209.]
[Footnote 133: _Ibid._, 212.]
[Footnote 134: _Session Book_, Session 210, 134 (April 29, 1837).]
_Fairfax Liber L_, No. 1, 215.
Chapter 12. PRESENTING THE SUN FIRE COMPANY
[Footnote 135: _Minutes of the Sun Fire Company._ Courtesy of Miss Cora
Duffey.]
[Footnote 136: Papers of George Washington. Library of Congress. Vol.
275 (August 24-October 19, 1795), _sub._ October 7, 1795.]
Chapter 13. CAPTAIN JOHN HARPER AND HIS HOUSES.
[Footnote 137: _Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria, 1749-1767_; _Deed
Book G. No. 1_, 116. Fairfax Court House.]
[Footnote 138: Hamilton, _Letters to Washington_, IV, 196.]
[Footnote 139: _Liber G_, _No. 1_, 28, Fairfax Court House.]
[Footnote 140: Powell, _Old Alexandria_, 313-314.]
_Alexandria Deed Book E_, 128.
_Alexandria Land Book_ (1798-1800), Virginia State Library and Archives.
_Alexandria Will Book B_, 16-161.
_Fairfax Liber K_, No. 1, 270-275.
Chapter 14. DR. ELISHA C. DICK AND THE FAWCETT HOUSE.
[Footnote 141: Letters of his great-grandson, J.A. Pearce, to Dr. A.M.
Toner, August 30, 1885. From copies given the author by Mr. W.B.
McGroarty.]
[Footnote 142: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries_, II, 340.]
[Footnote 143: _Deed Book I_, 41. Alexandria.]
[Footnote 144: Lindsey, _Historic Homes and Landmarks of Alexandria,
Virginia_, 37.]
[Footnote 145: Freeman, _R.E. Lee_.]
[Footnote 146: _Liber M_, 121. Fairfax Court House.]
[Footnote 147: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 148: _Liber N, No. 2_, 42. Fairfax Court House.]
_Alexandria Deed Books_: _A_, 53; _B_, 23; _C_, 113; _V_, 445.
_Fairfax Deed Books_: _B_, 336; _G_, 39-42.
_Fairfax Liber D_, No. 2, 25.
Chapter 15. THE BENJAMIN DULANEY HOUSE.
[Footnote 149: Fitzpatrick, _Writings_, III, 114. Letter to Burwell
Bassett.]
[Footnote 150: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries_, II, 339 and 344.]
[Footnote 151: _A Stranger in America_ (Anonymous), 212.]
[Footnote 152: Contributed by Mr. W.B. McGroarty.]
[Footnote 153: Courtesy Mr. and Mrs. John Howard Joynt.]
_Alexandria Deed Book T_, 508.
_Fairfax Deed Book O_, 75.
Chapter 16. DR. JAMES CRAIK AND HIS DWELLING.
[Footnote 154: From an address on James Craik, Physician General, by
Major General Robert A. Patterson in _The Military Surgeon_, February
1932.]
[Footnote 155: Will Book A, 128, April 13, 1803. Alexandria.]
[Footnote 156: Ford, _Writings of Washington_, XIV, 245-258; Callahan,
_Washington: the Man and the Mason_, 188-191.]
[Footnote 157: Prussing, _The Estate of George Washington, Deceased_,
58.]
_Alexandria Deed Book BB_, 349.
_Fairfax Deed Book Y_, No. 1, 224.
Chapter 17. ALEXANDRIA'S OLD APOTHECARY SHOP.
Chapter 18. SPRING GARDENS.
[Footnote 158: _Order Book_, 1753. Fairfax Court House.]
[Footnote 159: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries_, IV, 279.]
[Footnote 160: Washington's Cash Memorandum Book, Toner Transcript in
Library of Congress.]
[Footnote 161: Baker, _Washington After the Revolution_, 361.]
[Footnote 162: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries_, IV, 309.]
[Footnote 163: Baker, _op. cit._, 383.]
Chapter 19. WILLIAM FITZHUGH AND ROBERT E. LEE.
[Footnote 164: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries_, IV, 269.]
[Footnote 165: _Ibid._, 301.]
[Footnote 166: _Ibid._, 301.]
[Footnote 167: _Ibid._, 318.
_Alexandria Deed Books_: 13 (1883-1884), 399; _K_, No. 2, 234; _M_, 162;
_M_, No. 2, 343; _O_, No. 2, 231.
_Alexandria Will Book C_, 308, 318.]
Chapter 20. GEORGE WASHINGTON'S TENEMENTS.
[Footnote 168: Fitzpatrick, _Diaries, sub._ April 28, 1760, I, 157.]
[Footnote 169: Powell, _Old Alexandria_, 76-78.]
[Footnote 170: Fitzpatrick, _Writings_, II, 448.]
[Footnote 171: _Ibid._, XXVIII, 25.]
[Footnote 172: _Ibid._, XXXIV, 503-504. George Washington to Tobias
Lear.]
[Footnote 173: Papers of George Washington, 245. Library of Congress.]
[Footnote 174: Fitzpatrick, _Writings_, XXXV, 496.]
[Footnote 175: _Ibid._, XXXVI, 25.]
[Footnote 176: Prussing, _Estate of George Washington, Deceased_, 73
(page 30 of Will).]
[Footnote 177: _Ibid._, 81 (page 40 of Will).]
[Footnote 178: _Liber M_. _Folio 140_ (1804). Deed recorded June 17,
1805. Fairfax Court House.]
_Alexandria Deed Books_: _4_, 206, 209; _8_, 459; _19_, 10; _45_, 205;
_120_, 464; _218_, 532, 550; _G_, 256; _I_, No. 3, 165.
_Alexandria Liber F_, No. 3, 190-192; _M_, 140; _X_, No. 2, 524.
Chapter 21. THE GEORGIAN COTTAGE.
[Footnote 179: _Liber M_, 103. Alexandria.]
[Footnote 180: _Deed Book W_, 10 and 103. Alexandria.]
Chapter 22. THE VOWELL-SNOWDEN HOUSE.
[Footnote 181: Powell, _Old Alexandria_.]
_Alexandria Deed Books_: _B_, 195, 485; _B-3_, 329; _L_, 209; _Q-2_
(1826), 195.
Chapter 23. THE EDMUND JENNINGS LEE HOUSE.
[Footnote 182: Lee, _Lee of Virginia_, 374; Lee, _Recollections and
Letters of General Lee_, 24.]
[Footnote 183: Lee, _Recollections And Letters_, 28.]
_Alexandria Deed Books_: _A_ (1801), 264; _H_, 460.
_Alexandria Will Book 4_, 320.
PART THREE: FIVE SKETCHES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.
Chapter 24. THE YEATON-FAIRFAX HOUSE.
[Footnote 184: _Deed Book K_, 264. Alexandria.]
[Footnote 185: Information contributed by Mr. Worth Bailey. The author
is indebted to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association for permission to
quote Yeaton's letter which follows in the chapter text.]
_Alexandria Deed Books_: _D_, 81; S-2, 669.
_Alexandria Liber V-3_, 470.
Chapter 25. THE LA FAYETTE-LAWRASON-CAZENOVE HOUSE.
[Footnote 186: _Alexandria Gazette_, October 19, 1824.]
_Fairfax Deed Books_: _G_, 358, 383; K, 181.
Chapter 26. ENTER THE QUAKER PEDAGOGUE: BENJAMIN HALLOWELL.
[Footnote 187: Hallowell, _Autobiography_, 99 and 100.]
[Footnote 188: _Ibid._, 104.]
[Footnote 189: _Ibid._, 105.]
[Footnote 190: _Ibid._, 108.]
Chapter 27. THE ALEXANDRIA LYCEUM.
[Footnote 191: Hallowell, _Autobiography_, 128-129.]
[Footnote 192: _Alexandria Gazette_, December 2, 1876.]
[Footnote 193: _Liber Y_, No. 3, 410. Alexandria.]
_Alexandria Deed Book 45_, 406.
_Alexandria Will Book 10_, 414.
Chapter 28. THE SEA CAPTAIN'S DAUGHTER AND HER HOUSE.
[Footnote 194: The material for this sketch was contributed by Mrs.
George R. Hill, Sr., daughter of Mrs. Melissa Hussey Wood.]
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1868.
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from 1779 to 1811_. Alexandria, 1811.
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Index
Acton, R.C., 44
Adam, James, 43
Adam, John, 43
Adam, Robert, 21, 25;
disposition of property, 91;
real estate transactions, 90, 157;
Masonic activities, 91;
migration to Virginia, 91
Adam silversmiths, 43f
Adam, William W., 43
Advertisements, 32, 40, 44, 69, 100, 102, 104, 188, 198, 204, 220, 235
Alexander, Charles Francis, 215
Alexander, Gerard, 5
Alexander, John, 3;
donation of land to Christ Church, 132;
real estate transactions, 169, 182, 242
Alexander, Philip, 5
Alexander, William Thornton, 182;
real estate transactions, 217, 223, 242
Alexandria Academy, 25
Alexandria, Town of. _See_ Town of Alexandria
Amusements, 28f
Anderson, James, 224
Apothecary Shop, 195f
Apprentices, 25
Architecture (_See_ entry of specific structure);
ability of citizens, 39;
influence of English design, 40
Arrell, David, 182
Barcourt, Adolph, 111
Bakeries, 33
Balls, 29, 100
Barbee, David Rankin, 100
Bartle, Samuel, 215
Barton, Benjamin, 44
Beale, Howard, 226
Belhaven, name rejected, 12
Belle Haven, 4
Belvoir, settlement by Fairfax, 78;
visitors to, 79
Berkeley, Sir William, 3
Bird, Thomas, 46
Black, Hon. & Mrs. Hugo L., 222
Bounties of land, 186
Braddock, Gen. Edward, 14;
expedition, 16
Braddock House, 262
Brissot de Warville, 37
Brockett, Robert, 40, 140
Brook, James, 104
Brown, Dr. Gustavus, 192
Brown House, 119f;
visitors to, 122
Brown, John, raid of, 196
Brown, John Douglas, 170
Brown, Ward, 161
Brown, Dr. William, antecedents, 120;
civic services, 122;
epitaph, 119;
medical writings, 122;
migration to Virginia, 120;
necrology, 122;
real estate transactions, 120;
treasurer of Fire Company, 150
Building, delinquency in, 14
Buildings, municipal. _See_ Public Works
Burke, John W., 76
Burnett, Charles, 44
Capital, National, establishment, 39.
_See_ also District of Columbia.
Capitol, cornerstone laid, 164
Captains' Row, 159
Captains' Walk, 244
Carlyle House, 62f;
visitors to, 67
Carlyle, John, 5, 14, 17, 21;
ability as architect, 39, 69;
bequests, 67, 69;
builds Christ Church, 132;
civic services, 62, 64, 67f, 69;
death, 69;
mercantile activities, 64;
real estate, 65
Carlyle, Sarah Fairfax, 67
Carlyle, Sybil West, 67
Caton, William, 104
Cazenove, Antoine Charles de, civic services, 246;
migration to Virginia, 245
Chatham, 203
Christ Church, 131f;
attended by R.E. Lee, 229;
lands of, 226-227
Cincinnati, Society of the, 37
Circuses, 31
City Tavern. _See_ Gadsby's Tavern
Civil War, effect on town, 48f
Claggett's Hotel, 242
Coachmaking, 42
Cockfights, 28
Coffee House. _See_ Gadsby's Tavern
Cohen, William, 44
Committee of Safety, 35
Confederate States Army, contribution to, 48
Conway Cabal, 187
Cook, Joseph Francis, 215
Coryell, George, 40, 187;
civic services, 188
Coryton, Josiah, 46
Cox, Mr. & Mrs. Hugh B., 112
Craik, George Washington, 190
Craik House, 184f
Craik, Dr. James, 47;
antecedents, 184;
attends Mrs. Washington, 194;
attends Gen. Washington, 192;
children of, 190;
death, 194;
migration to Virginia, 185;
militia service, 185;
real estate transactions, 187;
Revolutionary services, 187
Crilly, Misses, 232
Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 75
Currency, use of pistoles, 9
Currie, James, 170
Customs, taboos, 223
Custis, George Washington Parke, 102
Custis, Nelly, 27
Custis, Washington, 204
Dade, Rev. Townsend, 135
Daingerfield, John B., acquires Lyceum, 256
Dalton, General, 112
Dalton House, 71f
Dalton, John, 14, 21;
bequests, 71, 72;
civic services, 71;
mercantile activities, 71;
real estate transactions, 71;
visits by Washington, 72
Danna, Rev. Charles B., 136
Davis, Rev. Thomas, 135
Dawe, Philip, 43
Decatur House, bought by Gadsby, 111
De Cazenove. _See_ Cazenove
De Kalb, Baron, 37
Delacour, Joshua, 42
De Lancey, Governor, 15
Delarue, Joseph, 43
Dick, Dr. Elisha Cullen, 28;
attends Washington, 163, 192;
Masonic services, 164;
medical advice, 166;
migration to Virginia, 162f;
militia service, 164;
real estate transactions, 170
Dick, Hannah Harmon, 163
Dinwiddie, Governor, 15
District of Columbia, cession of land to, 39;
withdrawal from, 48
Dixon, John, real estate transactions, 114
Domestic economy, 31f
Doughton, Francis, 139
Dowdney, William, 43
Duffey, George, 44
Duffey, John, 44
Dulany, Benjamin, acquaintance with Washington, 173;
behavior, 176;
poem dedicated to, 178;
steward of Jockey Club, 176
Dulany House, 173f
Dunmore, Governor, 35
Du Quesne, Fort, 16
Education, early, 22.
_See_ also Schools
English, Samuel, 170
Epidemics, 46, 164
Fairfax, Anne, 77
Fairfax, Bryan, 35, 77, 135
Fairfax, Deborah Gedney Clarke, 77
Fairfax family, antecedents, 77;
contribution to Alexandria, 237;
intermarriages of, 237
Fairfax, George, 5, 8
Fairfax, George William, 7, 77;
aspersions on birth, 83;
letter to Sally, 83;
move to England, 84;
real estate transactions, 88
Fairfax, Hannah, 77
Fairfax (George William) House, 87f
Fairfax, Henry, 77
Fairfax, Dr. Orlando, 235
Fairfax, Sally Cary, social activities, 79
Fairfax, Sarah Walker, 77
Fairfax, Thomas, 5, 53, 77;
incensed with Washington, 34;
real estate transactions, 234
Fairfax, William, 5, 8, 77;
civic services, 78;
Fairfax Street home, 60;
migration to Virginia, 77;
real estate transactions, 88, 157
Fairs, 31;
source of income, 9
Fawcett, House, 162f
Female Stranger, legend of, 106f
Fire companies, 47
Fire engines, purchase of, 149f
Fire fighting techniques, 150
Fire insurance, list of properties covered, 154
Fires, 46
First Virginia Regiment, 186
Fitzhugh House, 202f
Fitzhugh, Mary Lee, 204
Fitzhugh, William, 7, 8, 202f;
association with Washington, 203;
bequests, 205;
real estate transactions, 202
Fitzhugh, William Henry, 206
Fleming, Mary E., 207
Fleming, Thomas, 25, 40
Fowle, William, 40, 218
Fox hunting, 31
Frazer, Margaret, 160
Freemasons, Lodge of, 25, 91;
contribution to, 106;
entertains La Fayette, 110
French, hostile attitude of, 14
Friendship Fire Company, 150, 154
Fry, Joshua, 13
Gadsby, John, 99f;
buys Decatur House, 111
Gadsby's Tavern, 242, 99f;
fame of, 102;
fare, 102;
meetings held in, 103;
patrons, 100f, 102;
visit of Female Stranger, 106;
Washington's association, 110f
Galt, James, 46
Galt, William, 46
Ganet, James, 44
Georgian Cottage, 217f
Ghost, of Spring Gardens, 201;
of Swope House, 112f
Glebe lands, 226
Goat Castle, 137
Goldsborough, Anna Maria, 206
Goldsmiths. _See_ Silversmiths
Gooch, Governor, 5
Governors, conference of, 15
Great Hunting Creek warehouse, 3
Green, Rev. Charles, 131
Green's Mansions, 262
Greetner, Margaret, 42
Gregory, William, 215
Griffith, Rev. David, 135
Hadsel, Mr. & Mrs. Fred Latimer, 210
Halket, Col. Peter, 15
Hallowell, Benjamin, 40, 208, 240;
civic services, 251;
describes La Fayette's visit, 247f;
early difficulties, 248;
financial difficulties, 250;
migration to Virginia, 247;
reputation grows, 251;
sponsors Lyceum, 254
Hamilton, Mrs. Donald M., 246
Hansen, Samuel, 27
Hardware merchants, 44
Harper Houses, 156f
Harper, John, 91;
civic services, 161;
family history, 160;
division of Fairfax property, 93;
real estate transactions, 157, 160
Harrison, Mrs. Burton, 237
Harrison, Rev. Elias, 142
Herbert, William, 28
Hill, Mr. & Mrs. Malcolm Westcott, 259
Hodgson, William, disposition of Fairfax property, 96;
migration to Virginia, 95;
political offenses, 95;
real estate transactions, 207
Hog, Peter, 13
Homes, designed layouts, 41
Hooe, James H., 166
Hooe, John Daingerfield, 258
Hooe, Robert Townsend, 255
Horse racing, 28, 176, 198
Horses, importation of, 29, 69
Hough, John, real estate transactions, 157
Houses, distinguished:
Apothecary Shop, 195f;
Braddock House, 262;
Brown House, 119f;
Captains' Row, 159;
Carlyle House, 62f;
Christ Church, 131f;
Coffee House, 99;
Craik House, 184f;
Dalton House, 71f;
Dulany House, 173f;
Fairfax House, 87f;
Fawcett House, 162f;
Fitzhugh House, 202f;
Gadsby's Tavern, 99f;
Harper Houses, 156f;
La Fayette-Lawrason-Cazenove House, 239f;
Lee House, 225f;
Lloyd House, 248;
Married Houses, 71f;
Marsteller House, 25;
Peruke Shop, 127f;
Presbyterian Meetinghouse, 139f;
Ramsay House, 52f;
Sea Captain's Daughter's House, 259f;
Sea Captains' Houses, 159;
Spring Gardens, 197f;
Stratford Hall, 93;
Swope House, 112f;
Thompson House, 71f;
Vowell-Snowden House, 222f;
Washington Public School, 25;
Yeaton-Fairfax House, 232f
Howsing, Robert, 3
Huges, Benjamin, 215
Hussey, Melissa Ann (Wood), 259f
Hussey, Capt. Samuel Bancroft, 259
Imports, 33f
Indians, hostile attitude of, 14
Industries, 42
Janney, John, 46
Jefferson, Thomas, ability as architect, 39
Jewelers, 44
Jockey Club, 29, 198;
Washington's disagreement with, 176
Johns, Bishop, 136
Johnson, Alexious, 215
Johnson, Thomas, 47
Johnston, George, 14, 21, 53
Jones, Charles, 42
Jones, John Paul, 37
Joynt, Mr. & Mrs. John Howard, 173, 183
Keith, Rev. Isaac Stockton, 140
Klipstein, George T., 215
Knox, Henry, letter from Washington, 213
Korell, Mr. & Mrs. Franklin F., 225
Ladd, John Gardner, 96
La Fayette, Marquis de, 37;
entertained by Masonic lodge, 110;
toast to town, 49;
visit to Alexandria, 176, 239;
visit described by Hallowell, 247f;
visit to Henry Lee, 208;
visit to Lawrason home, 239f
La Fayette-Lawrason-Cazenove House, 239f
Lamphire, Going, 39
Latrobe, Benjamin H., 183
Laundries, 42
Lawrason, Mrs. Elizabeth, 44, 242
Lawrason family, origin of, 244
Lawrason House, visit of La Fayette to, 239f
Lawrason, James, 242
Lawrason, John, 46
Leadbeater, Mr., 195
Lear, Tobias, 192
Lee, Arthur, bequest, 226;
civic services, 225f
Lee, Cassius, 134, 227
Lee, Charles, 227;
real estate transactions, 226
Lee, Edmund (I.) Jennings, 28;
bequests, 227;
civic services, 227;
real estate transactions, 226, 227;
visitor to Mount Vernon, 226
Lee (Edmund Jennings) House, 225f
Lee, Francis, 21
Lee family, connection with Mount Vernon, 226
Lee, Henry ("Light Horse Harry"), 37, 208
Lee, Ludwell, 28
Lee, Mary Custis, 208
Lee, Robert Edward, 27, 196, 202f, 227;
accepts Confederate command, 229;
association with Lloyds, 252;
attends Hallowell school, 248;
confirmed at Christ Church, 136;
member of Christ Church, 229;
resigns from Army, 229
Lee, Thomas, 93
Lee, William, civic services, 93
Lewis, Lawrence, 27
Lewis, Lorenzo, 27
Library, municipal, 255
Lloyd family, association with Lees, 252;
idiosyncrasies, 253
Lloyd House, 248
Lloyd, John, 251
Lodge, Henry Cabot, description of Virginia society, 225
Lodging, cost of, 197
London Company, 3
Lots, auction of, 7f;
division of town into, 6;
prices paid for, 9
Lotteries, source of income, 9, 21
Lyceum, municipal, 254f;
sold to Daingerfields, 256
Lyle, William, 92;
civic services, 92;
mercantile activities, 92
Lynn, Adam, 44
MacCrea, Mrs. Donald, 237
MacKenzie, Lewis, 96
Madison, James, comment on immigrants, 52
Makemie, Francis, 139
Married Houses, 71f
Marshburn, Mrs. Herbert E., 71
Marsteller House, 25
Mason, George, 7, 53;
ability as architect, 39
Matthews, Miss Frona, 60
McGuire, Dr. Hugh, 258
McGuire, Sara J., 258
McIver, Colin, real estate transactions, 130
McKenzey, William, 170
Meade, Rev. William, 136
Mercer, George, 188
Merchants, activities of, 42
Meredith, Reese, letter to Washington, 157
Merryman, Joshua, 42
Militia, attachment to Braddock's command, 16;
composition, 14
Miller, Mordecai, 44
Moncure, Rev. John, real estate transactions, 127
Moore, Col. & Mrs. Charles B., 87, 99, 215
Moore family, 127;
acquisition of Sewell property, 130
Moore, Cleon, 27
Morris, Governor, 15
Morris, Gouverneur, 236
Morris, Patsy J., 236
Mount Vernon, associated with Lee family, 226;
funds hidden, 76;
visitors to, 57f, 120
Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 75
Muir, Rev. James, 140;
burial of, 141
Murray, Mrs. Alexander, 112
Murry, John, 189
Murry, Patrick, real estate transactions, 169
Mutual Assurance Society, 154
New Theatre, 28
Newspapers, 28;
_Alexandria Gazette_, oldest, 222
Newton, William, 170
O'Conner, Eliza Harriot, 27
Organ, Christ Church, 136
Orme, Lt. Robert, 15
Osborne, Richard, 5
Pagan, John, 5
Pain, William, 40
Parsons, James, 39;
builds Christ Church, 132
Pastors, distinguished, 135f
Patterson, James, 39
Patton, James, 217;
indebtedness, 218
Peake, Col. W.H., 201
Peruke Shop, 127f
Peterkin, Constance Lee, 134
Pew marker, Washington's, 134
Pickens, Mrs. Andrew, 217
Piper, John, 46
Pistole, use in Colony, 9
Pittman, John, 44
Pohick Church, 134
Port of Alexandria, activity, 33;
decline in activity, 46f;
importance of, 17f
Porter, Thomas, 28
Potomac Navigation Company, 47f
Potomac River, navigation of, 47
Potts, John, 202
Powell, Mary G., 25, 161, 211, 222
Powell, Molly Gregory, 134
Presbyterian Cemetery, 146
Presbyterian Manse, 40
Presbyterian Meetinghouse, 39, 69, 139f
Public works, 12, 21
Publishers, 42
Railroads, 48
Ramsay, Alexander, 52
Ramsay, Ann McCarty, memorial to, 61;
patriotic activities, 55
Ramsay House, 52f
Ramsay, William, 5, 14, 17, 21;
activities of sons, 56f;
bequests, 59;
civic services, 54;
family, 55;
funeral, 60;
initial founder, 52f;
letter to Dennis, 56;
memorial to, 60;
mercantile activities, 53;
real estate transactions, 55, 114f, 130
Reese, Mrs. Robert M., 99, 195
Relief Fire Company, 150
Religious tolerance, 139
Revolution, aftermath of, 34
Ricketts, John Thomas, 170
Riddle, Joseph, 28, 46
Roberts, Reuben, 259
Robinson, Joseph, 188
Rochambeau, Count de, 37
Rochefoucauld, Duc de la, 39
Rogers, Walter G., 215
Roofers, 46
Rush, Dr. Benjamin, 56, 162
Saint Mary's Church, 255
Saint Paul's Church, 183
Salkeld, Henry, 9
Sandford, Edward, 43
Sayers, Dr. & Mrs. R.R., 203
Scheffer, Lloyd L., 62
Schools, 22, 141;
Hallowell's, 247f
Scott, Gen. Winfield, 196
Sea Captain's Daughter's House, 259f
Sea Captains' Houses, 159
Servants, 31, 128
Seventeenth Virginia Infantry, 48, 258
Sewell, William, indebtedness, 128;
real estate mortgaged, 130;
real estate purchases, 128
Sharpe, Governor, 15
Sheen, Gordon, 112
Shipbuilding, 18
Shippen, Dr. William, 162
Shipping. _See_ Port of Alexandria
Shirley, Governor, 15
Short, John, 46, 188
Shreve, Benjamin, 242
Shuter's Hill, anonymous poem, 178f
Silversmiths, 42
Sinclair, Mrs. C.A.S., 99
Slaves, 115, 164, 165, 262
Smith, William, 170
Smoot, Mr. & Mrs. W.A., 253
Snowden, Edgar, civic services, 222
Snowden, Samuel, 222
Spaatz, Gen. Carl, 188
Sports, 31
Spring Gardens, 197f
Stabler, Edward, 195
Star Fire Company, 154
Stratford Hall, 93
Stuart, Dr. David, 27
Stuart, Lt. J.E.B., 196
Sun Fire Company, 147f;
membership, 151
Swope House, 112f
Swope, Michael, civic services, 116;
migration to Alexandria, 117;
real estate transactions, 117
Taverns, fame of, 197
Taylor, E.P., 42
Taylor, George, 218
Taylor, J. Frank, 215
Taylor, Lawrence B., 223
Taylor, Robert I., 104, 183, 218
Theatres, erection of, 28
Thom, Rev. William, 140
Thompson House, 71f
Thompson, Jonah, 28;
real estate transactions, 74
Tobacco, supplanted by wheat, 32;
use as exchange, 4, 17
Tolley, Hon. & Mrs. Howard R., 119, 126
Town of Alexandria, building of, 9f;
capital of West Virginia, 48;
decline and resurgence, 46f;
early growth, 17f;
effect of Civil War, 48;
effect of War of 1812, 47f;
enlargement, 21;
establishment, 5;
genesis, 3f;
name adopted, 12;
paradox of location, 49;
part of federal district, 39;
post-Revolution building, 40;
re-ceded to Virginia, 48
Towns, colonial, authority asked to erect, 5
Tradesmen, activities of, 42
Trott, Mr. & Mrs. Harlan, 210
Turner, Charles, 43
Twining, Thomas, 39
Van Braam, Jacob, 13
Virginia Bill of Rights, 103
Virginia Colony, development of, 3f
Vowell, John Cripps, 160
Vowell-Snowden House, 222f
Vowell, Thomas Jr., 160;
real estate transactions, 223
Warren, Anne, 110
Washington, Augustine, 7, 14;
letter to Lawrence, 7;
real estate transactions, 114
Washington, city of. _See_ District of Columbia
Washington, George, 7;
ability as architect, 39;
activities as farmer, 32;
advice to Braddock, 16;
association with Fitzhughs, 203;
attends Ramsay funeral, 61;
bequests, 193, 212, 214;
association with Fairfaxes, 78f;
disposition of real estate, 215;
domestic purchases, 19f;
education as surveyor, 79;
elected town trustee, 21;
encourages navigation, 47;
envisions waterways, 186;
last illness, 192;
letter from Meredith, 157;
letter to Cary & Company, 18;
letter to Knox, 213;
letters to Sally Fairfax, 82, 85;
Masonic funeral, 140;
mercantile interests, 212;
necrology, 230;
patron of Gadsby's, 110f;
patron of learning, 25;
patron of Spring Gardens, 200;
pew marker saved, 134;
real estate transactions, 210f;
resigns commission, 14;
service as vestryman, 134;
steward of Jockey Club, 29;
supervises Fairfax interests, 84;
tenements owned by, 210;
tomb designed by Yeaton, 237;
visit to French commandant, 13;
warned of Cabal, 187
Washington, George Steptoe, 27
Washington, John Augustine, 76
Washington, Lawrence, 5, 7, 53
Washington, Lawrence Augustine, 27;
real estate transactions, 215
Washington, Lund, 35
Washington, Martha, 35;
attended by Dr. Craik, 194;
letter to Betty Ramsay, 58
Washington Public School, 25
Washington, Robert W., 215
Washington, Samuel, 27
Watchmakers, 44
Watson, Josiah, 28
Weld, Isaac, 39
West, Anne, 188
West, Hugh, 4, 5
West, John, 8, 17
West, Thomas Wade, 28
West Virginia, town becomes capital of, 48
Weylie, John, 27
Wheat, supplants tobacco, 32
Wheat brokers, 32
Widows, fashion affecting, 253
Wilkinson, Thomas, 242
Williams, William A., 44
Wilson, Daniel, 188
Wise, John, 99f
Wise, N.S., 104
Wood, Melissa Ann Hussey, 259f
Wood, Robert Lewis, 262
Wormley, Ralph, 7
Wren, James, 40; designs Christ Church, 132
Wren, William, 25
Yates Tavern. _See_ Spring Gardens
Yeaton, William, 40;
designs Washington's Tomb, 237;
migration to Virginia, 232;
real estate transactions, 232, 234
Yeaton, William C., 207
Yeaton-Fairfax House, 232f
Yellow fever epidemic, 46
Zimmerman, Henry, 226