One of America’s most important institutions -- a symbol of the trust

between generations -- is also in need of wise and effective reform.

Social Security was a great moral success of the 20th century, and we

must honor its great purposes in this new century. (Applause.) The

system, however, on its current path, is headed toward bankruptcy. And

so we must join together to strengthen and save Social Security.

(Applause.)

Today, more than 45 million Americans receive Social Security benefits,

and millions more are nearing retirement -- and for them the system is

sound and fiscally strong. I have a message for every American who is 55

or older: Do not let anyone mislead you; for you, the Social Security

system will not change in any way. (Applause.) For younger workers, the

Social Security system has serious problems that will grow worse with

time. Social Security was created decades ago, for a very different era.

In those days, people did not live as long. Benefits were much lower

than they are today. And a half-century ago, about sixteen workers paid

into the system for each person drawing benefits.

Our society has changed in ways the founders of Social Security could

not have foreseen. In today’s world, people are living longer and,

therefore, drawing benefits longer. And those benefits are scheduled to

rise dramatically over the next few decades. And instead of sixteen

workers paying in for every beneficiary, right now it’s only about three

workers. And over the next few decades that number will fall to just two

workers per beneficiary. With each passing year, fewer workers are

paying ever-higher benefits to an ever-larger number of retirees.

So here is the result: Thirteen years from now, in 2018, Social Security

will be paying out more than it takes in. And every year afterward will

bring a new shortfall, bigger than the year before. For example, in the

year 2027, the government will somehow have to come up with an extra

$200 billion to keep the system afloat -- and by 2033, the annual

shortfall would be more than $300 billion. By the year 2042, the entire

system would be exhausted and bankrupt. If steps are not taken to avert

that outcome, the only solutions would be dramatically higher taxes,

massive new borrowing, or sudden and severe cuts in Social Security

benefits or other government programs.

I recognize that 2018 and 2042 may seem a long way off. But those dates

are not so distant, as any parent will tell you. If you have a

five-year-old, you’re already concerned about how you’ll pay for college

tuition 13 years down the road. If you’ve got children in their 20s, as

some of us do, the idea of Social Security collapsing before they retire

does not seem like a small matter. And it should not be a small matter

to the United States Congress. (Applause.) You and I share a

responsibility. We must pass reforms that solve the financial problems

of Social Security once and for all.

Fixing Social Security permanently will require an open, candid review

of the options. Some have suggested limiting benefits for wealthy

retirees. Former Congressman Tim Penny has raised the possibility of

indexing benefits to prices rather than wages. During the 1990s, my

predecessor, President Clinton, spoke of increasing the retirement age.

Former Senator John Breaux suggested discouraging early collection of

Social Security benefits. The late Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan

recommended changing the way benefits are calculated. All these ideas

are on the table.

I know that none of these reforms would be easy. But we have to move

ahead with courage and honesty, because our children’s retirement

security is more important than partisan politics. (Applause.) I will

work with members of Congress to find the most effective combination of

reforms. I will listen to anyone who has a good idea to offer.

(Applause.) We must, however, be guided by some basic principles. We

must make Social Security permanently sound, not leave that task for

another day. We must not jeopardize our economic strength by increasing

payroll taxes. We must ensure that lower-income Americans get the help

they need to have dignity and peace of mind in their retirement. We must

guarantee there is no change for those now retired or nearing

retirement. And we must take care that any changes in the system are

gradual, so younger workers have years to prepare and plan for their

future.

As we fix Social Security, we also have the responsibility to make the

system a better deal for younger workers. And the best way to reach that

goal is through voluntary personal retirement accounts. (Applause.) Here

is how the idea works. Right now, a set portion of the money you earn is

taken out of your paycheck to pay for the Social Security benefits of

today’s retirees. If you’re a younger worker, I believe you should be

able to set aside part of that money in your own retirement account, so

you can build a nest egg for your own future.

Here’s why the personal accounts are a better deal. Your money will

grow, over time, at a greater rate than anything the current system can

deliver -- and your account will provide money for retirement over and

above the check you will receive from Social Security. In addition,

you’ll be able to pass along the money that accumulates in your personal

account, if you wish, to your children and -- or grandchildren. And best

of all, the money in the account is yours, and the government can never

take it away. (Applause.)

The goal here is greater security in retirement, so we will set careful

guidelines for personal accounts. We’ll make sure the money can only go

into a conservative mix of bonds and stock funds. We’ll make sure that

your earnings are not eaten up by hidden Wall Street fees. We’ll make

sure there are good options to protect your investments from sudden

market swings on the eve of your retirement. We’ll make sure a personal

account cannot be emptied out all at once, but rather paid out over

time, as an addition to traditional Social Security benefits. And we’ll

make sure this plan is fiscally responsible, by starting personal

retirement accounts gradually, and raising the yearly limits on

contributions over time, eventually permitting all workers to set aside

four percentage points of their payroll taxes in their accounts.

Personal retirement accounts should be familiar to federal employees,

because you already have something similar, called the Thrift Savings

Plan, which lets workers deposit a portion of their paychecks into any

of five different broadly-based investment funds. It’s time to extend

the same security, and choice, and ownership to young Americans.

(Applause.)

Our second great responsibility to our children and grandchildren is to

honor and to pass along the values that sustain a free society. So many

of my generation, after a long journey, have come home to family and

faith, and are determined to bring up responsible, moral children.

Government is not the source of these values, but government should

never undermine them.

Because marriage is a sacred institution and the foundation of society,

it should not be re-defined by activist judges. For the good of

families, children, and society, I support a constitutional amendment to

protect the institution of marriage. (Applause.)

Because a society is measured by how it treats the weak and vulnerable,

we must strive to build a culture of life. Medical research can help us

reach that goal, by developing treatments and cures that save lives and

help people overcome disabilities -- and I thank the Congress for

doubling the funding of the National Institutes of Health. (Applause.)

To build a culture of life, we must also ensure that scientific advances

always serve human dignity, not take advantage of some lives for the

benefit of others. We should all be able to agree -- (applause) -- we

should all be able to agree on some clear standards. I will work with

Congress to ensure that human embryos are not created for

experimentation or grown for body parts, and that human life is never

bought and sold as a commodity. (Applause.) America will continue to

lead the world in medical research that is ambitious, aggressive, and

always ethical.

Because courts must always deliver impartial justice, judges have a duty

to faithfully interpret the law, not legislate from the bench.

(Applause.) As President, I have a constitutional responsibility to

nominate men and women who understand the role of courts in our

democracy, and are well-qualified to serve on the bench -- and I have

done so. (Applause.) The Constitution also gives the Senate a

responsibility: Every judicial nominee deserves an up or down vote.

(Applause.)

Because one of the deepest values of our country is compassion, we must

never turn away from any citizen who feels isolated from the

opportunities of America. Our government will continue to support

faith-based and community groups that bring hope to harsh places. Now we

need to focus on giving young people, especially young men in our

cities, better options than apathy, or gangs, or jail. Tonight I propose

a three-year initiative to help organizations keep young people out of

gangs, and show young men an ideal of manhood that respects women and

rejects violence. (Applause.) Taking on gang life will be one part of a

broader outreach to at-risk youth, which involves parents and pastors,

coaches and community leaders, in programs ranging from literacy to

sports. And I am proud that the leader of this nationwide effort will be

our First Lady, Laura Bush. (Applause.)

Because HIV/AIDS brings suffering and fear into so many lives, I ask you

to reauthorize the Ryan White Act to encourage prevention, and provide

care and treatment to the victims of that disease. (Applause.) And as we

update this important law, we must focus our efforts on fellow citizens

with the highest rates of new cases, African American men and women.

(Applause.)

Because one of the main sources of our national unity is our belief in

equal justice, we need to make sure Americans of all races and

backgrounds have confidence in the system that provides justice. In

America we must make doubly sure no person is held to account for a

crime he or she did not commit -- so we are dramatically expanding the

use of DNA evidence to prevent wrongful conviction. (Applause.) Soon I

will send to Congress a proposal to fund special training for defense

counsel in capital cases, because people on trial for their lives must

have competent lawyers by their side. (Applause.)

Our third responsibility to future generations is to leave them an

America that is safe from danger, and protected by peace. We will pass

along to our children all the freedoms we enjoy -- and chief among them

is freedom from fear.

In the three and a half years since September the 11th, 2001, we have

taken unprecedented actions to protect Americans. We’ve created a new

department of government to defend our homeland, focused the FBI on

preventing terrorism, begun to reform our intelligence agencies, broken

up terror cells across the country, expanded research on defenses

against biological and chemical attack, improved border security, and

trained more than a half-million first responders. Police and

firefighters, air marshals, researchers, and so many others are working

every day to make our homeland safer, and we thank them all. (Applause.)

Our nation, working with allies and friends, has also confronted the

enemy abroad, with measures that are determined, successful, and

continuing. The al Qaeda terror network that attacked our country still

has leaders -- but many of its top commanders have been removed. There

are still governments that sponsor and harbor terrorists -- but their

number has declined. There are still regimes seeking weapons of mass

destruction -- but no longer without attention and without consequence.

Our country is still the target of terrorists who want to kill many, and

intimidate us all -- and we will stay on the offensive against them,

until the fight is won. (Applause.)

Pursuing our enemies is a vital commitment of the war on terror -- and I

thank the Congress for providing our servicemen and women with the

resources they have needed. During this time of war, we must continue to

support our military and give them the tools for victory. (Applause.)

Other nations around the globe have stood with us. In Afghanistan, an

international force is helping provide security. In Iraq, 28 countries

have troops on the ground, the United Nations and the European Union

provided technical assistance for the elections, and NATO is leading a

mission to help train Iraqi officers. We’re cooperating with 60

governments in the Proliferation Security Initiative, to detect and stop

the transit of dangerous materials. We’re working closely with the

governments in Asia to convince North Korea to abandon its nuclear

ambitions. Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and nine other countries have

captured or detained al Qaeda terrorists. In the next four years, my

administration will continue to build the coalitions that will defeat

the dangers of our time. (Applause.)

In the long-term, the peace we seek will only be achieved by eliminating

the conditions that feed radicalism and ideologies of murder. If whole

regions of the world remain in despair and grow in hatred, they will be

the recruiting grounds for terror, and that terror will stalk America

and other free nations for decades. The only force powerful enough to

stop the rise of tyranny and terror, and replace hatred with hope, is

the force of human freedom. (Applause.) Our enemies know this, and that

is why the terrorist Zarqawi recently declared war on what he called the

“evil principle” of democracy. And we’ve declared our own intention:

America will stand with the allies of freedom to support democratic

movements in the Middle East and beyond, with the ultimate goal of

ending tyranny in our world. (Applause.)

The United States has no right, no desire, and no intention to impose

our form of government on anyone else. That is one of the main

differences between us and our enemies. They seek to impose and expand

an empire of oppression, in which a tiny group of brutal, self-appointed

rulers control every aspect of every life. Our aim is to build and

preserve a community of free and independent nations, with governments

that answer to their citizens, and reflect their own cultures. And

because democracies respect their own people and their neighbors, the

advance of freedom will lead to peace. (Applause.)

That advance has great momentum in our time -- shown by women voting in

Afghanistan, and Palestinians choosing a new direction, and the people

of Ukraine asserting their democratic rights and electing a president.

We are witnessing landmark events in the history of liberty. And in the

coming years, we will add to that story. (Applause.)

The beginnings of reform and democracy in the Palestinian territories

are now showing the power of freedom to break old patterns of violence

and failure. Tomorrow morning, Secretary of State Rice departs on a trip

that will take her to Israel and the West Bank for meetings with Prime

Minister Sharon and President Abbas. She will discuss with them how we

and our friends can help the Palestinian people end terror and build the

institutions of a peaceful, independent, democratic state. To promote

this democracy, I will ask Congress for $350 million to support

Palestinian political, economic, and security reforms. The goal of two

democratic states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace,

is within reach -- and America will help them achieve that goal.

(Applause.)

To promote peace and stability in the broader Middle East, the United

States will work with our friends in the region to fight the common

threat of terror, while we encourage a higher standard of freedom.

Hopeful reform is already taking hold in an arc from Morocco to Jordan

to Bahrain. The government of Saudi Arabia can demonstrate its

leadership in the region by expanding the role of its people in

determining their future. And the great and proud nation of Egypt, which

showed the way toward peace in the Middle East, can now show the way

toward democracy in the Middle East. (Applause.)

To promote peace in the broader Middle East, we must confront regimes

that continue to harbor terrorists and pursue weapons of mass murder.

Syria still allows its territory, and parts of Lebanon, to be used by

terrorists who seek to destroy every chance of peace in the region. You

have passed, and we are applying, the Syrian Accountability Act -- and

we expect the Syrian government to end all support for terror and open

the door to freedom. (Applause.) Today, Iran remains the world’s primary

state sponsor of terror -- pursuing nuclear weapons while depriving its

people of the freedom they seek and deserve. We are working with

European allies to make clear to the Iranian regime that it must give up

its uranium enrichment program and any plutonium reprocessing, and end

its support for terror. And to the Iranian people, I say tonight: As you

stand for your own liberty, America stands with you. (Applause.)

Our generational commitment to the advance of freedom, especially in the

Middle East, is now being tested and honored in Iraq. That country is a

vital front in the war on terror, which is why the terrorists have

chosen to make a stand there. Our men and women in uniform are fighting

terrorists in Iraq, so we do not have to face them here at home.

(Applause.) And the victory of freedom in Iraq will strengthen a new

ally in the war on terror, inspire democratic reformers from Damascus to

Tehran, bring more hope and progress to a troubled region, and thereby

lift a terrible threat from the lives of our children and grandchildren.

We will succeed because the Iraqi people value their own liberty -- as

they showed the world last Sunday. (Applause.) Across Iraq, often at

great risk, millions of citizens went to the polls and elected 275 men

and women to represent them in a new Transitional National Assembly. A

young woman in Baghdad told of waking to the sound of mortar fire on

election day, and wondering if it might be too dangerous to vote. She

said, “Hearing those explosions, it occurred to me -- the insurgents are

weak, they are afraid of democracy, they are losing. So I got my

husband, and I got my parents, and we all came out and voted together.”

Americans recognize that spirit of liberty, because we share it. In any

nation, casting your vote is an act of civic responsibility; for

millions of Iraqis, it was also an act of personal courage, and they

have earned the respect of us all. (Applause.)

One of Iraq’s leading democracy and human rights advocates is Safia

Taleb al-Suhail. She says of her country, “We were occupied for 35 years

by Saddam Hussein. That was the real occupation. Thank you to the

American people who paid the cost, but most of all, to the soldiers.”

Eleven years ago, Safia’s father was assassinated by Saddam’s

intelligence service. Three days ago in Baghdad, Safia was finally able

to vote for the leaders of her country -- and we are honored that she is

with us tonight. (Applause.)

The terrorists and insurgents are violently opposed to democracy, and

will continue to attack it. Yet, the terrorists’ most powerful myth is

being destroyed. The whole world is seeing that the car bombers and

assassins are not only fighting coalition forces, they are trying to

destroy the hopes of Iraqis, expressed in free elections. And the whole

world now knows that a small group of extremists will not overturn the

will of the Iraqi people. (Applause.)

We will succeed in Iraq because Iraqis are determined to fight for their

own freedom, and to write their own history. As Prime Minister Allawi

said in his speech to Congress last September, “Ordinary Iraqis are

anxious to shoulder all the security burdens of our country as quickly

as possible.” That is the natural desire of an independent nation, and

it is also the stated mission of our coalition in Iraq. The new

political situation in Iraq opens a new phase of our work in that

country.

At the recommendation of our commanders on the ground, and in

consultation with the Iraqi government, we will increasingly focus our

efforts on helping prepare more capable Iraqi security forces -- forces

with skilled officers and an effective command structure. As those

forces become more self-reliant and take on greater security

responsibilities, America and its coalition partners will increasingly

be in a supporting role. In the end, Iraqis must be able to defend their

own country -- and we will help that proud, new nation secure its

liberty.

Recently an Iraqi interpreter said to a reporter, “Tell America not to

abandon us.” He and all Iraqis can be certain: While our military

strategy is adapting to circumstances, our commitment remains firm and

unchanging. We are standing for the freedom of our Iraqi friends, and

freedom in Iraq will make America safer for generations to come.

(Applause.) We will not set an artificial timetable for leaving Iraq,

because that would embolden the terrorists and make them believe they

can wait us out. We are in Iraq to achieve a result: A country that is

democratic, representative of all its people, at peace with its

neighbors, and able to defend itself. And when that result is achieved,

our men and women serving in Iraq will return home with the honor they

have earned. (Applause.)

Right now, Americans in uniform are serving at posts across the world,

often taking great risks on my orders. We have given them training and

equipment; and they have given us an example of idealism and character

that makes every American proud. (Applause.) The volunteers of our

military are unrelenting in battle, unwavering in loyalty, unmatched in

honor and decency, and every day they’re making our nation more secure.

Some of our servicemen and women have survived terrible injuries, and

this grateful country will do everything we can to help them recover.

(Applause.) And we have said farewell to some very good men and women,

who died for our freedom, and whose memory this nation will honor

forever.

One name we honor is Marine Corps Sergeant Byron Norwood of

Pflugerville, Texas, who was killed during the assault on Fallujah. His

mom, Janet, sent me a letter and told me how much Byron loved being a

Marine, and how proud he was to be on the front line against terror. She

wrote, “When Byron was home the last time, I said that I wanted to

protect him like I had since he was born. He just hugged me and said,

‘You’ve done your job, Mom. Now it is my turn to protect you.’” Ladies

and gentlemen, with grateful hearts, we honor freedom’s defenders, and

our military families, represented here this evening by Sergeant

Norwood’s mom and dad, Janet and Bill Norwood. (Applause.)

In these four years, Americans have seen the unfolding of large events.

We have known times of sorrow, and hours of uncertainty, and days of

victory. In all this history, even when we have disagreed, we have seen

threads of purpose that unite us. The attack on freedom in our world has

reaffirmed our confidence in freedom’s power to change the world. We are

all part of a great venture: To extend the promise of freedom in our

country, to renew the values that sustain our liberty, and to spread the

peace that freedom brings.

As Franklin Roosevelt once reminded Americans, “Each age is a dream that

is dying, or one that is coming to birth.” And we live in the country

where the biggest dreams are born. The abolition of slavery was only a

dream -- until it was fulfilled. The liberation of Europe from fascism

was only a dream -- until it was achieved. The fall of imperial

communism was only a dream -- until, one day, it was accomplished. Our

generation has dreams of its own, and we also go forward with

confidence. The road of Providence is uneven and unpredictable -- yet we

know where it leads: It leads to freedom.

Thank you, and may God bless America. (Applause.)

***

State of the Union Address

George W. Bush

January 31, 2006

Thank you all. Mr. Speaker, Vice President Cheney, members of Congress,

members of the Supreme Court and diplomatic corps, distinguished guests,

and fellow citizens: Today our nation lost a beloved, graceful,

courageous woman who called America to its founding ideals and carried

on a noble dream. Tonight we are comforted by the hope of a glad reunion

with the husband who was taken so long ago, and we are grateful for the

good life of Coretta Scott King. (Applause.)

Every time I’m invited to this rostrum, I’m humbled by the privilege,

and mindful of the history we’ve seen together. We have gathered under

this Capitol dome in moments of national mourning and national

achievement. We have served America through one of the most

consequential periods of our history -- and it has been my honor to

serve with you.

In a system of two parties, two chambers, and two elected branches,

there will always be differences and debate. But even tough debates can

be conducted in a civil tone, and our differences cannot be allowed to

harden into anger. To confront the great issues before us, we must act

in a spirit of goodwill and respect for one another -- and I will do my

part. Tonight the state of our Union is strong -- and together we will

make it stronger. (Applause.)

In this decisive year, you and I will make choices that determine both

the future and the character of our country. We will choose to act

confidently in pursuing the enemies of freedom -- or retreat from our

duties in the hope of an easier life. We will choose to build our

prosperity by leading the world economy -- or shut ourselves off from

trade and opportunity. In a complex and challenging time, the road of

isolationism and protectionism may seem broad and inviting -- yet it

ends in danger and decline. The only way to protect our people, the only

way to secure the peace, the only way to control our destiny is by our

leadership -- so the United States of America will continue to lead.

(Applause.)

Abroad, our nation is committed to an historic, long-term goal -- we

seek the end of tyranny in our world. Some dismiss that goal as

misguided idealism. In reality, the future security of America depends

on it. On September the 11th, 2001, we found that problems originating

in a failed and oppressive state 7,000 miles away could bring murder and

destruction to our country. Dictatorships shelter terrorists, and feed

resentment and radicalism, and seek weapons of mass destruction.

Democracies replace resentment with hope, respect the rights of their

citizens and their neighbors, and join the fight against terror. Every

step toward freedom in the world makes our country safer -- so we will

act boldly in freedom’s cause. (Applause.)

Far from being a hopeless dream, the advance of freedom is the great

story of our time. In 1945, there were about two dozen lonely

democracies in the world. Today, there are 122. And we’re writing a new

chapter in the story of self-government -- with women lining up to vote

in Afghanistan, and millions of Iraqis marking their liberty with purple

ink, and men and women from Lebanon to Egypt debating the rights of

individuals and the necessity of freedom. At the start of 2006, more

than half the people of our world live in democratic nations. And we do

not forget the other half -- in places like Syria and Burma, Zimbabwe,

North Korea, and Iran -- because the demands of justice, and the peace

of this world, require their freedom, as well. (Applause.)

No one can deny the success of freedom, but some men rage and fight

against it. And one of the main sources of reaction and opposition is

radical Islam -- the perversion by a few of a noble faith into an

ideology of terror and death. Terrorists like bin Laden are serious

about mass murder -- and all of us must take their declared intentions

seriously. They seek to impose a heartless system of totalitarian

control throughout the Middle East, and arm themselves with weapons of

mass murder.

Their aim is to seize power in Iraq, and use it as a safe haven to

launch attacks against America and the world. Lacking the military

strength to challenge us directly, the terrorists have chosen the weapon

of fear. When they murder children at a school in Beslan, or blow up

commuters in London, or behead a bound captive, the terrorists hope

these horrors will break our will, allowing the violent to inherit the

Earth. But they have miscalculated: We love our freedom, and we will

fight to keep it. (Applause.)

In a time of testing, we cannot find security by abandoning our

commitments and retreating within our borders. If we were to leave these

vicious attackers alone, they would not leave us alone. They would

simply move the battlefield to our own shores. There is no peace in

retreat. And there is no honor in retreat. By allowing radical Islam to

work its will -- by leaving an assaulted world to fend for itself -- we

would signal to all that we no longer believe in our own ideals, or even

in our own courage. But our enemies and our friends can be certain: The

United States will not retreat from the world, and we will never

surrender to evil. (Applause.)

America rejects the false comfort of isolationism. We are the nation

that saved liberty in Europe, and liberated death camps, and helped

raise up democracies, and faced down an evil empire. Once again, we

accept the call of history to deliver the oppressed and move this world

toward peace. We remain on the offensive against terror networks. We

have killed or captured many of their leaders -- and for the others,

their day will come.

We remain on the offensive in Afghanistan, where a fine President and a

National Assembly are fighting terror while building the institutions of

a new democracy. We’re on the offensive in Iraq, with a clear plan for

victory. First, we’re helping Iraqis build an inclusive government, so

that old resentments will be eased and the insurgency will be

marginalized.

Second, we’re continuing reconstruction efforts, and helping the Iraqi

government to fight corruption and build a modern economy, so all Iraqis

can experience the benefits of freedom. And, third, we’re striking

terrorist targets while we train Iraqi forces that are increasingly

capable of defeating the enemy. Iraqis are showing their courage every

day, and we are proud to be their allies in the cause of freedom.

(Applause.)

Our work in Iraq is difficult because our enemy is brutal. But that

brutality has not stopped the dramatic progress of a new democracy. In

less than three years, the nation has gone from dictatorship to

liberation, to sovereignty, to a constitution, to national elections. At

the same time, our coalition has been relentless in shutting off

terrorist infiltration, clearing out insurgent strongholds, and turning

over territory to Iraqi security forces. I am confident in our plan for

victory; I am confident in the will of the Iraqi people; I am confident

in the skill and spirit of our military. Fellow citizens, we are in this

fight to win, and we are winning. (Applause.)

The road of victory is the road that will take our troops home. As we

make progress on the ground, and Iraqi forces increasingly take the

lead, we should be able to further decrease our troop levels -- but

those decisions will be made by our military commanders, not by

politicians in Washington, D.C. (Applause.)

Our coalition has learned from our experience in Iraq. We’ve adjusted

our military tactics and changed our approach to reconstruction. Along

the way, we have benefitted from responsible criticism and counsel

offered by members of Congress of both parties. In the coming year, I

will continue to reach out and seek your good advice. Yet, there is a

difference between responsible criticism that aims for success, and

defeatism that refuses to acknowledge anything but failure. (Applause.)

Hindsight alone is not wisdom, and second-guessing is not a strategy.

(Applause.)

With so much in the balance, those of us in public office have a duty to

speak with candor. A sudden withdrawal of our forces from Iraq would

abandon our Iraqi allies to death and prison, would put men like bin

Laden and Zarqawi in charge of a strategic country, and show that a

pledge from America means little. Members of Congress, however we feel

about the decisions and debates of the past, our nation has only one

option: We must keep our word, defeat our enemies, and stand behind the

American military in this vital mission. (Applause.)

Our men and women in uniform are making sacrifices -- and showing a

sense of duty stronger than all fear. They know what it’s like to fight

house to house in a maze of streets, to wear heavy gear in the desert

heat, to see a comrade killed by a roadside bomb. And those who know the

costs also know the stakes. Marine Staff Sergeant Dan Clay was killed

last month fighting in Fallujah. He left behind a letter to his family,

but his words could just as well be addressed to every American. Here is

what Dan wrote: “I know what honor is. It has been an honor to protect

and serve all of you. I faced death with the secure knowledge that you

would not have to . Never falter! Don’t hesitate to honor and support

those of us who have the honor of protecting that which is worth

protecting.”

Staff Sergeant Dan Clay’s wife, Lisa, and his mom and dad, Sara Jo and

Bud, are with us this evening. Welcome. (Applause.)

Our nation is grateful to the fallen, who live in the memory of our

country. We’re grateful to all who volunteer to wear our nation’s

uniform -- and as we honor our brave troops, let us never forget the

sacrifices of America’s military families. (Applause.)

Our offensive against terror involves more than military action.

Ultimately, the only way to defeat the terrorists is to defeat their

dark vision of hatred and fear by offering the hopeful alternative of

political freedom and peaceful change. So the United States of America

supports democratic reform across the broader Middle East. Elections are

vital, but they are only the beginning. Raising up a democracy requires

the rule of law, and protection of minorities, and strong, accountable

institutions that last longer than a single vote.

The great people of Egypt have voted in a multi-party presidential

election -- and now their government should open paths of peaceful

opposition that will reduce the appeal of radicalism. The Palestinian

people have voted in elections. And now the leaders of Hamas must

recognize Israel, disarm, reject terrorism, and work for lasting peace.

(Applause.) Saudi Arabia has taken the first steps of reform -- now it

can offer its people a better future by pressing forward with those

efforts. Democracies in the Middle East will not look like our own,

because they will reflect the traditions of their own citizens. Yet

liberty is the future of every nation in the Middle East, because

liberty is the right and hope of all humanity. (Applause.)

The same is true of Iran, a nation now held hostage by a small clerical

elite that is isolating and repressing its people. The regime in that

country sponsors terrorists in the Palestinian territories and in

Lebanon -- and that must come to an end. (Applause.) The Iranian

government is defying the world with its nuclear ambitions, and the

nations of the world must not permit the Iranian regime to gain nuclear

weapons. (Applause.) America will continue to rally the world to

confront these threats.

Tonight, let me speak directly to the citizens of Iran: America respects

you, and we respect your country. We respect your right to choose your

own future and win your own freedom. And our nation hopes one day to be

the closest of friends with a free and democratic Iran. (Applause.)

To overcome dangers in our world, we must also take the offensive by

encouraging economic progress, and fighting disease, and spreading hope

in hopeless lands. Isolationism would not only tie our hands in fighting

enemies, it would keep us from helping our friends in desperate need. We

show compassion abroad because Americans believe in the God-given

dignity and worth of a villager with HIV/AIDS, or an infant with

malaria, or a refugee fleeing genocide, or a young girl sold into

slavery. We also show compassion abroad because regions overwhelmed by

poverty, corruption, and despair are sources of terrorism, and organized

crime, and human trafficking, and the drug trade.

In recent years, you and I have taken unprecedented action to fight AIDS

and malaria, expand the education of girls, and reward developing

nations that are moving forward with economic and political reform. For

people everywhere, the United States is a partner for a better life.

Short-changing these efforts would increase the suffering and chaos of

our world, undercut our long-term security, and dull the conscience of

our country. I urge members of Congress to serve the interests of

America by showing the compassion of America.

Our country must also remain on the offensive against terrorism here at

home. The enemy has not lost the desire or capability to attack us.

Fortunately, this nation has superb professionals in law enforcement,

intelligence, the military, and homeland security. These men and women

are dedicating their lives, protecting us all, and they deserve our

support and our thanks. (Applause.) They also deserve the same tools

they already use to fight drug trafficking and organized crime -- so I

ask you to reauthorize the Patriot Act. (Applause.)

It is said that prior to the attacks of September the 11th, our

government failed to connect the dots of the conspiracy. We now know

that two of the hijackers in the United States placed telephone calls to

al Qaeda operatives overseas. But we did not know about their plans

until it was too late. So to prevent another attack - based on

authority given to me by the Constitution and by statute -- I have

authorized a terrorist surveillance program to aggressively pursue the

international communications of suspected al Qaeda operatives and

affiliates to and from America. Previous Presidents have used the same

constitutional authority I have, and federal courts have approved the

use of that authority. Appropriate members of Congress have been kept

informed. The terrorist surveillance program has helped prevent

terrorist attacks. It remains essential to the security of America. If

there are people inside our country who are talking with al Qaeda, we

want to know about it, because we will not sit back and wait to be hit

again. (Applause.)

In all these areas -- from the disruption of terror networks, to victory

in Iraq, to the spread of freedom and hope in troubled regions -- we

need the support of our friends and allies. To draw that support, we

must always be clear in our principles and willing to act. The only

alternative to American leadership is a dramatically more dangerous and

anxious world. Yet we also choose to lead because it is a privilege to

serve the values that gave us birth. American leaders -- from Roosevelt

to Truman to Kennedy to Reagan -- rejected isolation and retreat,

because they knew that America is always more secure when freedom is on

the march.

Our own generation is in a long war against a determined enemy -- a war

that will be fought by Presidents of both parties, who will need steady

bipartisan support from the Congress. And tonight I ask for yours.

Together, let us protect our country, support the men and women who

defend us, and lead this world toward freedom. (Applause.)

Here at home, America also has a great opportunity: We will build the

prosperity of our country by strengthening our economic leadership in

the world.

Our economy is healthy and vigorous, and growing faster than other major

industrialized nations. In the last two-and-a-half years, America has

created 4.6 million new jobs -- more than Japan and the European Union

combined. (Applause.) Even in the face of higher energy prices and

natural disasters, the American people have turned in an economic

performance that is the envy of the world.

The American economy is preeminent, but we cannot afford to be

complacent. In a dynamic world economy, we are seeing new competitors,

like China and India, and this creates uncertainty, which makes it

easier to feed people’s fears. So we’re seeing some old temptations

return. Protectionists want to escape competition, pretending that we

can keep our high standard of living while walling off our economy.

Others say that the government needs to take a larger role in directing

the economy, centralizing more power in Washington and increasing taxes.

We hear claims that immigrants are somehow bad for the economy -- even

though this economy could not function without them. (Applause.) All

these are forms of economic retreat, and they lead in the same direction

-- toward a stagnant and second-rate economy.

Tonight I will set out a better path: an agenda for a nation that

competes with confidence; an agenda that will raise standards of living

and generate new jobs. Americans should not fear our economic future,

because we intend to shape it.

Keeping America competitive begins with keeping our economy growing. And

our economy grows when Americans have more of their own money to spend,

save, and invest. In the last five years, the tax relief you passed has

left $880 billion in the hands of American workers, investors, small

businesses, and families -- and they have used it to help produce more

than four years of uninterrupted economic growth. (Applause.) Yet the

tax relief is set to expire in the next few years. If we do nothing,

American families will face a massive tax increase they do not expect

and will not welcome.

Because America needs more than a temporary expansion, we need more than

temporary tax relief. I urge the Congress to act responsibly, and make

the tax cuts permanent. (Applause.)

Keeping America competitive requires us to be good stewards of tax

dollars. Every year of my presidency, we’ve reduced the growth of

non-security discretionary spending, and last year you passed bills that

cut this spending. This year my budget will cut it again, and reduce or

eliminate more than 140 programs that are performing poorly or not

fulfilling essential priorities. By passing these reforms, we will save

the American taxpayer another $14 billion next year, and stay on track

to cut the deficit in half by 2009. (Applause.)

I am pleased that members of Congress are working on earmark reform,

because the federal budget has too many special interest projects.

(Applause.) And we can tackle this problem together, if you pass the

line-item veto. (Applause.)

We must also confront the larger challenge of mandatory spending, or

entitlements. This year, the first of about 78 million baby boomers turn

60, including two of my Dad’s favorite people -- me and President

Clinton. (Laughter.) This milestone is more than a personal crisis --

(laughter) -- it is a national challenge. The retirement of the baby

boom generation will put unprecedented strains on the federal

government. By 2030, spending for Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid

alone will be almost 60 percent of the entire federal budget. And that

will present future Congresses with impossible choices -- staggering tax

increases, immense deficits, or deep cuts in every category of spending.

Congress did not act last year on my proposal to save Social Security --

(applause) -- yet the rising cost of entitlements is a problem that is

not going away. (Applause.) And every year we fail to act, the situation

gets worse.

So tonight, I ask you to join me in creating a commission to examine the

full impact of baby boom retirements on Social Security, Medicare, and

Medicaid. This commission should include members of Congress of both

parties, and offer bipartisan solutions. We need to put aside partisan

politics and work together and get this problem solved. (Applause.)

Keeping America competitive requires us to open more markets for all

that Americans make and grow. One out of every five factory jobs in

America is related to global trade, and we want people everywhere to buy

American. With open markets and a level playing field, no one can

out-produce or out-compete the American worker. (Applause.)

Keeping America competitive requires an immigration system that upholds

our laws, reflects our values, and serves the interests of our economy.

Our nation needs orderly and secure borders. (Applause.) To meet this

goal, we must have stronger immigration enforcement and border

protection. (Applause.) And we must have a rational, humane guest worker

program that rejects amnesty, allows temporary jobs for people who seek

them legally, and reduces smuggling and crime at the border. (Applause.)

Keeping America competitive requires affordable health care. (Applause.)

Our government has a responsibility to provide health care for the poor

and the elderly, and we are meeting that responsibility. (Applause.) For

all Americans -- for all Americans, we must confront the rising cost of

care, strengthen the doctor-patient relationship, and help people afford

the insurance coverage they need. (Applause.)

We will make wider use of electronic records and other health

information technology, to help control costs and reduce dangerous

medical errors. We will strengthen health savings accounts -- making

sure individuals and small business employees can buy insurance with the

same advantages that people working for big businesses now get.

(Applause.) We will do more to make this coverage portable, so workers

can switch jobs without having to worry about losing their health

insurance. (Applause.) And because lawsuits are driving many good

doctors out of practice -- leaving women in nearly 1,500 American

counties without a single OB/GYN -- I ask the Congress to pass medical

liability reform this year. (Applause.)

Keeping America competitive requires affordable energy. And here we have

a serious problem: America is addicted to oil, which is often imported

from unstable parts of the world. The best way to break this addiction

is through technology. Since 2001, we have spent nearly $10 billion to

develop cleaner, cheaper, and more reliable alternative energy sources

-- and we are on the threshold of incredible advances.

So tonight, I announce the Advanced Energy Initiative -- a 22-percent

increase in clean-energy research -- at the Department of Energy, to

push for breakthroughs in two vital areas. To change how we power our

homes and offices, we will invest more in zero-emission coal-fired

plants, revolutionary solar and wind technologies, and clean, safe

nuclear energy. (Applause.)

We must also change how we power our automobiles. We will increase our

research in better batteries for hybrid and electric cars, and in

pollution-free cars that run on hydrogen. We’ll also fund additional

research in cutting-edge methods of producing ethanol, not just from

corn, but from wood chips and stalks, or switch grass. Our goal is to

make this new kind of ethanol practical and competitive within six

years. (Applause.)

Breakthroughs on this and other new technologies will help us reach

another great goal: to replace more than 75 percent of our oil imports

from the Middle East by 2025. (Applause.) By applying the talent and

technology of America, this country can dramatically improve our

environment, move beyond a petroleum-based economy, and make our

dependence on Middle Eastern oil a thing of the past. (Applause.)

And to keep America competitive, one commitment is necessary above all:

We must continue to lead the world in human talent and creativity. Our

greatest advantage in the world has always been our educated,

hardworking, ambitious people -- and we’re going to keep that edge.

Tonight I announce an American Competitiveness Initiative, to encourage

innovation throughout our economy, and to give our nation’s children a

firm grounding in math and science. (Applause.)

First, I propose to double the federal commitment to the most critical

basic research programs in the physical sciences over the next 10 years.

This funding will support the work of America’s most creative minds as

they explore promising areas such as nanotechnology, supercomputing, and

alternative energy sources.

Second, I propose to make permanent the research and development tax

credit -- (applause) -- to encourage bolder private-sector initiatives

in technology. With more research in both the public and private

sectors, we will improve our quality of life -- and ensure that America

will lead the world in opportunity and innovation for decades to come.

(Applause.)

Third, we need to encourage children to take more math and science, and

to make sure those courses are rigorous enough to compete with other

nations. We’ve made a good start in the early grades with the No Child

Left Behind Act, which is raising standards and lifting test scores

across our country. Tonight I propose to train 70,000 high school

teachers to lead advanced-placement courses in math and science, bring

30,000 math and science professionals to teach in classrooms, and give

early help to students who struggle with math, so they have a better

chance at good, high-wage jobs. If we ensure that America’s children

succeed in life, they will ensure that America succeeds in the world.

(Applause.)

Preparing our nation to compete in the world is a goal that all of us

can share. I urge you to support the American Competitiveness

Initiative, and together we will show the world what the American people

can achieve.

America is a great force for freedom and prosperity. Yet our greatness

is not measured in power or luxuries, but by who we are and how we treat

one another. So we strive to be a compassionate, decent, hopeful

society.

In recent years, America has become a more hopeful nation. Violent crime

rates have fallen to their lowest levels since the 1970s. Welfare cases

have dropped by more than half over the past decade. Drug use among

youth is down 19 percent since 2001. There are fewer abortions in

America than at any point in the last three decades, and the number of

children born to teenage mothers has been falling for a dozen years in a

row. (Applause.)

These gains are evidence of a quiet transformation -- a revolution of

conscience, in which a rising generation is finding that a life of

personal responsibility is a life of fulfillment. Government has played

a role. Wise policies, such as welfare reform and drug education and

support for abstinence and adoption have made a difference in the

character of our country. And everyone here tonight, Democrat and

Republican, has a right to be proud of this record. (Applause.)

Yet many Americans, especially parents, still have deep concerns about

the direction of our culture, and the health of our most basic

institutions. They’re concerned about unethical conduct by public

officials, and discouraged by activist courts that try to redefine

marriage. They worry about children in our society who need direction

and love, and about fellow citizens still displaced by natural disaster,

and about suffering caused by treatable diseases.

As we look at these challenges, we must never give in to the belief that

America is in decline, or that our culture is doomed to unravel. The

American people know better than that. We have proven the pessimists

wrong before -- and we will do it again. (Applause.)

A hopeful society depends on courts that deliver equal justice under the

law. The Supreme Court now has two superb new members -- new members on

its bench: Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Sam Alito. (Applause.)

I thank the Senate for confirming both of them. I will continue to

nominate men and women who understand that judges must be servants of

the law, and not legislate from the bench. (Applause.)

Today marks the official retirement of a very special American. For 24

years of faithful service to our nation, the United States is grateful

to Justice Sandra Day O’Connor. (Applause.)

A hopeful society has institutions of science and medicine that do not

cut ethical corners, and that recognize the matchless value of every

life. Tonight I ask you to pass legislation to prohibit the most

egregious abuses of medical research: human cloning in all its forms,

creating or implanting embryos for experiments, creating human-animal

hybrids, and buying, selling, or patenting human embryos. Human life is

a gift from our Creator -- and that gift should never be discarded,

devalued or put up for sale. (Applause.)

A hopeful society expects elected officials to uphold the public trust.

(Applause.) Honorable people in both parties are working on reforms to

strengthen the ethical standards of Washington -- I support your

efforts. Each of us has made a pledge to be worthy of public

responsibility -- and that is a pledge we must never forget, never

dismiss, and never betray. (Applause.)

As we renew the promise of our institutions, let us also show the

character of America in our compassion and care for one another.

A hopeful society gives special attention to children who lack direction

and love. Through the Helping America’s Youth Initiative, we are

encouraging caring adults to get involved in the life of a child -- and

this good work is being led by our First Lady, Laura Bush. (Applause.)

This year we will add resources to encourage young people to stay in

school, so more of America’s youth can raise their sights and achieve

their dreams.

A hopeful society comes to the aid of fellow citizens in times of

suffering and emergency -- and stays at it until they’re back on their

feet. So far the federal government has committed $85 billion to the

people of the Gulf Coast and New Orleans. We’re removing debris and

repairing highways and rebuilding stronger levees. We’re providing

business loans and housing assistance. Yet as we meet these immediate

needs, we must also address deeper challenges that existed before the

storm arrived.

In New Orleans and in other places, many of our fellow citizens have

felt excluded from the promise of our country. The answer is not only

temporary relief, but schools that teach every child, and job skills

that bring upward mobility, and more opportunities to own a home and

start a business. As we recover from a disaster, let us also work for

the day when all Americans are protected by justice, equal in hope, and

rich in opportunity. (Applause.)

A hopeful society acts boldly to fight diseases like HIV/AIDS, which can

be prevented, and treated, and defeated. More than a million Americans

live with HIV, and half of all AIDS cases occur among African Americans.

I ask Congress to reform and reauthorize the Ryan White Act, and provide

new funding to states, so we end the waiting lists for AIDS medicines in

America. (Applause.) We will also lead a nationwide effort, working

closely with African American churches and faith-based groups, to

deliver rapid HIV tests to millions, end the stigma of AIDS, and come

closer to the day when there are no new infections in America.

(Applause.)

Fellow citizens, we’ve been called to leadership in a period of

consequence. We’ve entered a great ideological conflict we did nothing

to invite. We see great changes in science and commerce that will

influence all our lives. Sometimes it can seem that history is turning

in a wide arc, toward an unknown shore. Yet the destination of history

is determined by human action, and every great movement of history comes

to a point of choosing.

Lincoln could have accepted peace at the cost of disunity and continued

slavery. Martin Luther King could have stopped at Birmingham or at

Selma, and achieved only half a victory over segregation. The United

States could have accepted the permanent division of Europe, and been

complicit in the oppression of others. Today, having come far in our own

historical journey, we must decide: Will we turn back, or finish well?

Before history is written down in books, it is written in courage. Like

Americans before us, we will show that courage and we will finish well.

We will lead freedom’s advance. We will compete and excel in the global

economy. We will renew the defining moral commitments of this land. And

so we move forward -- optimistic about our country, faithful to its

cause, and confident of the victories to come.

May God bless America. (Applause.)

***

State of the Union Address

by George W. Bush

January 23, 2007

Thank you very much. And tonight, I have a high privilege and distinct

honor of my own--as the first President to begin the State of the

Union message with these words: Madam Speaker (Applause.)

In his day, the late Congressman Thomas D’Alesandro, Jr. from Baltimore,

Maryland, saw Presidents Roosevelt and Truman at this rostrum. But

nothing could compare with the sight of his only daughter, Nancy,

presiding tonight as Speaker of the House of Representatives.

(Applause.) Congratulations, Madam Speaker. (Applause.)

Two members of the House and Senate are not with us tonight, and we

pray for the recovery and speedy return of Senator Tim Johnson and

Congressman Charlie Norwood. (Applause.)

Madam Speaker, Vice President Cheney, members of Congress,

distinguished guests, and fellow citizens:

The rite of custom brings us together at a defining hour--when

decisions are hard and courage is needed. We enter the year 2007 with

large endeavors underway, and others that are ours to begin. In all of

this, much is asked of us. We must have the will to face difficult

challenges and determined enemies--and the wisdom to face them

together.

Some in this chamber are new to the House and the Senate--and I

congratulate the Democrat majority. (Applause.) Congress has changed,

but not our responsibilities. Each of us is guided by our own

convictions--and to these we must stay faithful. Yet we’re all held to

the same standards, and called to serve the same good purposes: To

extend this nation’s prosperity; to spend the people’s money wisely; to

solve problems, not leave them to future generations; to guard America

against all evil; and to keep faith with those we have sent forth to

defend us. (Applause.)

We’re not the first to come here with a government divided and

uncertainty in the air. Like many before us, we can work through our

differences, and achieve big things for the American people. Our

citizens don’t much care which side of the aisle we sit on--as long as

we’re willing to cross that aisle when there is work to be done.

(Applause.) Our job is to make life better for our fellow Americans,

and to help them to build a future of hope and opportunity--and this

is the business before us tonight.

A future of hope and opportunity begins with a growing economy--and

that is what we have. We’re now in the 41st month of uninterrupted job

growth, in a recovery that has created 7.2 million new jobs--so far.

Unemployment is low, inflation is low, and wages are rising. This

economy is on the move, and our job is to keep it that way, not with

more government, but with more enterprise. (Applause.)

Next week, I’ll deliver a full report on the state of our economy.

Tonight, I want to discuss three economic reforms that deserve to be

priorities for this Congress.

First, we must balance the federal budget. (Applause.) We can do so

without raising taxes. (Applause.) What we need is impose spending

discipline in Washington, D.C. We set a goal of cutting the deficit in

half by 2009, and met that goal three years ahead of schedule.

(Applause.) Now let us take the next step. In the coming weeks, I will

submit a budget that eliminates the federal deficit within the next

five years. (Applause.) I ask you to make the same commitment. Together,

we can restrain the spending appetite of the federal government, and we

can balance the federal budget. (Applause.)

Next, there is the matter of earmarks. These special interest items are

often slipped into bills at the last hour--when not even C-SPAN is

watching. (Laughter.) In 2005 alone, the number of earmarks grew to

over 13,000 and totaled nearly $18 billion. Even worse, over 90 percent

of earmarks never make it to the floor of the House and Senate--they

are dropped into committee reports that are not even part of the bill

that arrives on my desk. You didn’t vote them into law. I didn’t sign

them into law. Yet, they’re treated as if they have the force of law.

The time has come to end this practice. So let us work together to

reform the budget process, expose every earmark to the light of day and

to a vote in Congress, and cut the number and cost of earmarks at least

in half by the end of this session. (Applause.)

And, finally, to keep this economy strong we must take on the challenge

of entitlements. Social Security and Medicare and Medicaid are

commitments of conscience, and so it is our duty to keep them

permanently sound. Yet, we’re failing in that duty. And this failure

will one day leave our children with three bad options: huge tax

increases, huge deficits, or huge and immediate cuts in benefits.

Everyone in this chamber knows this to be true--yet somehow we have

not found it in ourselves to act. So let us work together and do it now.

With enough good sense and goodwill, you and I can fix Medicare and

Medicaid--and save Social Security. (Applause.)

Spreading opportunity and hope in America also requires public schools

that give children the knowledge and character they need in life. Five

years ago, we rose above partisan differences to pass the No Child Left

Behind Act, preserving local control, raising standards, and holding

those schools accountable for results. And because we acted, students

are performing better in reading and math, and minority students are

closing the achievement gap.

Now the task is to build on the success, without watering down

standards, without taking control from local communities, and without

backsliding and calling it reform. We can lift student achievement even

higher by giving local leaders flexibility to turn around failing

schools, and by giving families with children stuck in failing schools

the right to choose someplace better. (Applause.) We must increase

funds for students who struggle--and make sure these children get the

special help they need. (Applause.) And we can make sure our children

are prepared for the jobs of the future and our country is more

competitive by strengthening math and science skills. The No Child Left

Behind Act has worked for America’s children--and I ask Congress to

reauthorize this good law. (Applause.)

A future of hope and opportunity requires that all our citizens have

affordable and available health care. (Applause.) When it comes to

health care, government has an obligation to care for the elderly, the

disabled, and poor children. And we will meet those responsibilities.

For all other Americans, private health insurance is the best way to

meet their needs. (Applause.) But many Americans cannot afford a health

insurance policy.

And so tonight, I propose two new initiatives to help more Americans

afford their own insurance. First, I propose a standard tax deduction

for health insurance that will be like the standard tax deduction for

dependents. Families with health insurance will pay no income on

payroll tax--or payroll taxes on $15,000 of their income. Single

Americans with health insurance will pay no income or payroll taxes on

$7,500 of their income. With this reform, more than 100 million men,

women, and children who are now covered by employer-provided insurance

will benefit from lower tax bills. At the same time, this reform will

level the playing field for those who do not get health insurance

through their job. For Americans who now purchase health insurance on

their own, this proposal would mean a substantial tax savings--$4,500

for a family of four making $60,000 a year. And for the millions of

other Americans who have no health insurance at all, this deduction

would help put a basic private health insurance plan within their reach.

Changing the tax code is a vital and necessary step to making health

care affordable for more Americans. (Applause.)

My second proposal is to help the states that are coming up with

innovative ways to cover the uninsured. States that make basic private

health insurance available to all their citizens should receive federal

funds to help them provide this coverage to the poor and the sick. I

have asked the Secretary of Health and Human Services to work with

Congress to take existing federal funds and use them to create

“Affordable Choices” grants. These grants would give our nation’s

governors more money and more flexibility to get private health

insurance to those most in need.

There are many other ways that Congress can help. We need to expand

Health Savings Accounts. (Applause.) We need to help small businesses

through Association Health Plans. (Applause.) We need to reduce costs

and medical errors with better information technology. (Applause.) We

will encourage price transparency. And to protect good doctors from

junk lawsuits, we passing medical liability reform. (Applause.) In all

we do, we must remember that the best health care decisions are made

not by government and insurance companies, but by patients and their

doctors. (Applause.)

Extending hope and opportunity in our country requires an immigration

system worthy of America--with laws that are fair and borders that are

secure. When laws and borders are routinely violated, this harms the

interests of our country. To secure our border, we’re doubling the size

of the Border Patrol, and funding new infrastructure and technology.

Yet even with all these steps, we cannot fully secure the border unless

we take pressure off the border--and that requires a temporary worker

program. We should establish a legal and orderly path for foreign

workers to enter our country to work on a temporary basis. As a result,

they won’t have to try to sneak in, and that will leave Border Agents

free to chase down drug smugglers and criminals and terrorists.

(Applause.) We’ll enforce our immigration laws at the work site and

give employers the tools to verify the legal status of their workers,

so there’s no excuse left for violating the law. (Applause.)

We need to uphold the great tradition of the melting pot that welcomes

and assimilates new arrivals. (Applause.) We need to resolve the status

of the illegal immigrants who are already in our country without

animosity and without amnesty. (Applause.) Convictions run deep in this

Capitol when it comes to immigration. Let us have a serious, civil, and

conclusive debate, so that you can pass, and I can sign, comprehensive

immigration reform into law. (Applause.)

Extending hope and opportunity depends on a stable supply of energy

that keeps America’s economy running and America’s environment clean.

For too long our nation has been dependent on foreign oil. And this

dependence leaves us more vulnerable to hostile regimes, and to

terrorists--who could cause huge disruptions of oil shipments, and

raise the price of oil, and do great harm to our economy.

It’s in our vital interest to diversify America’s energy supply--the

way forward is through technology. We must continue changing the way

America generates electric power, by even greater use of clean coal

technology, solar and wind energy, and clean, safe nuclear power.

(Applause.) We need to press on with battery research for plug-in and

hybrid vehicles, and expand the use of clean diesel vehicles and

biodiesel fuel. (Applause.) We must continue investing in new methods

of producing ethanol--(applause)--using everything from wood chips to

grasses, to agricultural wastes.

We made a lot of progress, thanks to good policies here in Washington

and the strong response of the market. And now even more dramatic

advances are within reach. Tonight, I ask Congress to join me in

pursuing a great goal. Let us build on the work we’ve done and reduce

gasoline usage in the United States by 20 percent in the next 10 years.

(Applause.) When we do that we will have cut our total imports by the

equivalent of three-quarters of all the oil we now import from the

Middle East.

To reach this goal, we must increase the supply of alternative fuels,

by setting a mandatory fuels standard to require 35 billion gallons of

renewable and alternative fuels in 2017--and that is nearly five times

the current target. (Applause.) At the same time, we need to reform and

modernize fuel economy standards for cars the way we did for light

trucks--and conserve up to 8.5 billion more gallons of gasoline by

2017.

Achieving these ambitious goals will dramatically reduce our dependence

on foreign oil, but it’s not going to eliminate it. And so as we

continue to diversify our fuel supply, we must step up domestic oil

production in environmentally sensitive ways. (Applause.) And to

further protect America against severe disruptions to our oil supply, I

ask Congress to double the current capacity of the Strategic Petroleum

Reserve. (Applause.)

America is on the verge of technological breakthroughs that will enable

us to live our lives less dependent on oil. And these technologies will

help us be better stewards of the environment, and they will help us to

confront the serious challenge of global climate change. (Applause.)

A future of hope and opportunity requires a fair, impartial system of

justice. The lives of our citizens across our nation are affected by

the outcome of cases pending in our federal courts. We have a shared

obligation to ensure that the federal courts have enough judges to hear

those cases and deliver timely rulings. As President, I have a duty to

nominate qualified men and women to vacancies on the federal bench. And

the United States Senate has a duty, as well, to give those nominees a

fair hearing, and a prompt up-or-down vote on the Senate floor.

(Applause.)

For all of us in this room, there is no higher responsibility than to

protect the people of this country from danger. Five years have come

and gone since we saw the scenes and felt the sorrow that the

terrorists can cause. We’ve had time to take stock of our situation.

We’ve added many critical protections to guard the homeland. We know

with certainty that the horrors of that September morning were just a

glimpse of what the terrorists intend for us--unless we stop them.

With the distance of time, we find ourselves debating the causes of

conflict and the course we have followed. Such debates are essential

when a great democracy faces great questions. Yet one question has

surely been settled: that to win the war on terror we must take the

fight to the enemy. (Applause.)

From the start, America and our allies have protected our people by

staying on the offense. The enemy knows that the days of comfortable

sanctuary, easy movement, steady financing, and free flowing

communications are long over. For the terrorists, life since 9/11 has

never been the same.

Our success in this war is often measured by the things that did not

happen. We cannot know the full extent of the attacks that we and our

allies have prevented, but here is some of what we do know: We stopped

an al Qaeda plot to fly a hijacked airplane into the tallest building

on the West Coast. We broke up a Southeast Asian terror cell grooming

operatives for attacks inside the United States. We uncovered an al

Qaeda cell developing anthrax to be used in attacks against America.

And just last August, British authorities uncovered a plot to blow up

passenger planes bound for America over the Atlantic Ocean. For each

life saved, we owe a debt of gratitude to the brave public servants who

devote their lives to finding the terrorists and stopping them.

(Applause.)

Every success against the terrorists is a reminder of the shoreless

ambitions of this enemy. The evil that inspired and rejoiced in 9/11 is

still at work in the world. And so long as that’s the case, America is

still a nation at war.

In the mind of the terrorist, this war began well before September the

11th, and will not end until their radical vision is fulfilled. And

these past five years have given us a much clearer view of the nature

of this enemy. Al Qaeda and its followers are Sunni extremists,

possessed by hatred and commanded by a harsh and narrow ideology. Take

almost any principle of civilization, and their goal is the opposite.

They preach with threats, instruct with bullets and bombs, and promise

paradise for the murder of the innocent.

Our enemies are quite explicit about their intentions. They want to

overthrow moderate governments, and establish safe havens from which to

plan and carry out new attacks on our country. By killing and

terrorizing Americans, they want to force our country to retreat from

the world and abandon the cause of liberty. They would then be free to

impose their will and spread their totalitarian ideology. Listen to

this warning from the late terrorist Zarqawi: “We will sacrifice our

blood and bodies to put an end to your dreams, and what is coming is

even worse.” Osama bin Laden declared: “Death is better than living on

this Earth with the unbelievers among us.”

These men are not given to idle words, and they are just one camp in

the Islamist radical movement. In recent times, it has also become

clear that we face an escalating danger from Shia extremists who are

just as hostile to America, and are also determined to dominate the

Middle East. Many are known to take direction from the regime in Iran,

which is funding and arming terrorists like Hezbollah--a group second

only to al Qaeda in the American lives it has taken.

The Shia and Sunni extremists are different faces of the same

totalitarian threat. Whatever slogans they chant, when they slaughter

the innocent they have the same wicked purposes. They want to kill

Americans, kill democracy in the Middle East, and gain the weapons to

kill on an even more horrific scale.

In the sixth year since our nation was attacked, I wish I could report

to you that the dangers had ended. They have not. And so it remains the

policy of this government to use every lawful and proper tool of

intelligence, diplomacy, law enforcement, and military action to do our

duty, to find these enemies, and to protect the American people.

(Applause.)

This war is more than a clash of arms--it is a decisive ideological

struggle, and the security of our nation is in the balance. To prevail,

we must remove the conditions that inspire blind hatred, and drove 19

men to get onto airplanes and to come and kill us. What every terrorist

fears most is human freedom--societies where men and women make their

own choices, answer to their own conscience, and live by their hopes

instead of their resentments. Free people are not drawn to violent and

malignant ideologies--and most will choose a better way when they’re

given a chance. So we advance our own security interests by helping

moderates and reformers and brave voices for democracy. The great

question of our day is whether America will help men and women in

the Middle East to build free societies and share in the rights of

all humanity. And I say, for the sake of our own security, we

must. (Applause.)

In the last two years, we’ve seen the desire for liberty in the broader

Middle East--and we have been sobered by the enemy’s fierce reaction.

In 2005, the world watched as the citizens of Lebanon raised the banner

of the Cedar Revolution, they drove out the Syrian occupiers and chose

new leaders in free elections. In 2005, the people of Afghanistan

defied the terrorists and elected a democratic legislature. And in 2005,

the Iraqi people held three national elections, choosing a transitional

government, adopting the most progressive, democratic constitution in

the Arab world, and then electing a government under that constitution.

Despite endless threats from the killers in their midst, nearly 12

million Iraqi citizens came out to vote in a show of hope and

solidarity that we should never forget. (Applause.)

A thinking enemy watched all of these scenes, adjusted their tactics,

and in 2006 they struck back. In Lebanon, assassins took the life of

Pierre Gemayel, a prominent participant in the Cedar Revolution.

Hezbollah terrorists, with support from Syria and Iran, sowed conflict

in the region and are seeking to undermine Lebanon’s legitimately

elected government. In Afghanistan, Taliban and al Qaeda fighters tried

to regain power by regrouping and engaging Afghan and NATO forces. In

Iraq, al Qaeda and other Sunni extremists blew up one of the most

sacred places in Shia Islam--the Golden Mosque of Samarra. This

atrocity, directed at a Muslim house of prayer, was designed to provoke

retaliation from Iraqi Shia--and it succeeded. Radical Shia elements,

some of whom receive support from Iran, formed death squads. The result

was a tragic escalation of sectarian rage and reprisal that continues

to this day.

This is not the fight we entered in Iraq, but it is the fight we’re in.

Every one of us wishes this war were over and won. Yet it would not be

like us to leave our promises unkept, our friends abandoned, and our

own security at risk. (Applause.) Ladies and gentlemen: On this day, at

this hour, it is still within our power to shape the outcome of this

battle. Let us find our resolve, and turn events toward victory.

(Applause.)

We’re carrying out a new strategy in Iraq--a plan that demands more

from Iraq’s elected government, and gives our forces in Iraq the

reinforcements they need to complete their mission. Our goal is a

democratic Iraq that upholds the rule of law, respects the rights of

its people, provides them security, and is an ally in the war on terror.

In order to make progress toward this goal, the Iraqi government must

stop the sectarian violence in its capital. But the Iraqis are not yet

ready to do this on their own. So we’re deploying reinforcements of

more than 20,000 additional soldiers and Marines to Iraq. The vast

majority will go to Baghdad, where they will help Iraqi forces to clear

and secure neighborhoods, and serve as advisers embedded in Iraqi Army

units. With Iraqis in the lead, our forces will help secure the city by

chasing down the terrorists, insurgents, and the roaming death squads.

And in Anbar Province, where al Qaeda terrorists have gathered and

local forces have begun showing a willingness to fight them, we’re

sending an additional 4,000 United States Marines, with orders to find

the terrorists and clear them out. (Applause.) We didn’t drive al Qaeda

out of their safe haven in Afghanistan only to let them set up a new

safe haven in a free Iraq.

The people of Iraq want to live in peace, and now it’s time for their

government to act. Iraq’s leaders know that our commitment is not

open-ended. They have promised to deploy more of their own troops to secure

Baghdad--and they must do so. They pledged that they will confront

violent radicals of any faction or political party--and they need to

follow through, and lift needless restrictions on Iraqi and coalition

forces, so these troops can achieve their mission of bringing security

to all of the people of Baghdad. Iraq’s leaders have committed

themselves to a series of benchmarks--to achieve reconciliation, to

share oil revenues among all of Iraq’s citizens, to put the wealth of

Iraq into the rebuilding of Iraq, to allow more Iraqis to re-enter

their nation’s civic life, to hold local elections, and to take

responsibility for security in every Iraqi province. But for all of

this to happen, Baghdad must be secure. And our plan will help the

Iraqi government take back its capital and make good on its commitments.

My fellow citizens, our military commanders and I have carefully

weighed the options. We discussed every possible approach. In the end,

I chose this course of action because it provides the best chance for

success. Many in this chamber understand that America must not fail in

Iraq, because you understand that the consequences of failure would be

grievous and far-reaching.

If American forces step back before Baghdad is secure, the Iraqi

government would be overrun by extremists on all sides. We could expect

an epic battle between Shia extremists backed by Iran, and Sunni

extremists aided by al Qaeda and supporters of the old regime. A

contagion of violence could spill out across the country--and in time,

the entire region could be drawn into the conflict.

For America, this is a nightmare scenario. For the enemy, this is the

objective. Chaos is the greatest ally--their greatest ally in this

struggle. And out of chaos in Iraq would emerge an emboldened enemy

with new safe havens, new recruits, new resources, and an even greater

determination to harm America. To allow this to happen would be to

ignore the lessons of September the 11th and invite tragedy. Ladies and

gentlemen, nothing is more important at this moment in our history than

for America to succeed in the Middle East, to succeed in Iraq and to

spare the American people from this danger. (Applause.)

This is where matters stand tonight, in the here and now. I have spoken

with many of you in person. I respect you and the arguments you’ve made.

We went into this largely united, in our assumptions and in our

convictions. And whatever you voted for, you did not vote for failure.

Our country is pursuing a new strategy in Iraq, and I ask you to give

it a chance to work. And I ask you to support our troops in the field,

and those on their way. (Applause.)

The war on terror we fight today is a generational struggle that will

continue long after you and I have turned our duties over to others.

And that’s why it’s important to work together so our nation can see

this great effort through. Both parties and both branches should work

in close consultation. It’s why I propose to establish a special

advisory council on the war on terror, made up of leaders in Congress

from both political parties. We will share ideas for how to position

America to meet every challenge that confronts us. We’ll show our

enemies abroad that we are united in the goal of victory.

And one of the first steps we can take together is to add to the ranks

of our military so that the American Armed Forces are ready for all the

challenges ahead. (Applause.) Tonight I ask the Congress to authorize

an increase in the size of our active Army and Marine Corps by 92,000

in the next five years. (Applause.) A second task we can take on

together is to design and establish a volunteer Civilian Reserve Corps.

Such a corps would function much like our military reserve. It would

ease the burden on the Armed Forces by allowing us to hire civilians

with critical skills to serve on missions abroad when America needs

them. It would give people across America who do not wear the uniform a

chance to serve in the defining struggle of our time.

Americans can have confidence in the outcome of this struggle because

we’re not in this struggle alone. We have a diplomatic strategy that is

rallying the world to join in the fight against extremism. In Iraq,

multinational forces are operating under a mandate from the United

Nations. We’re working with Jordan and Saudi Arabia and Egypt and the

Gulf States to increase support for Iraq’s government.

The United Nations has imposed sanctions on Iran, and made it clear

that the world will not allow the regime in Tehran to acquire nuclear

weapons. (Applause.) With the other members of the Quartet--the U.N.,

the European Union, and Russia--we’re pursuing diplomacy to help bring

peace to the Holy Land, and pursuing the establishment of a democratic

Palestinian state living side-by-side with Israel in peace and security.

(Applause.) In Afghanistan, NATO has taken the lead in turning back the

Taliban and al Qaeda offensive--the first time the Alliance has

deployed forces outside the North Atlantic area. Together with our

partners in China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea, we’re pursuing

intensive diplomacy to achieve a Korean Peninsula free of nuclear

weapons. (Applause.)

We will continue to speak out for the cause of freedom in places like

Cuba, Belarus, and Burma [1]--and continue to awaken the conscience of

the world to save the people of Darfur. (Applause.)

American foreign policy is more than a matter of war and diplomacy. Our

work in the world is also based on a timeless truth: To whom much is

given, much is required. We hear the call to take on the challenges of

hunger and poverty and disease--and that is precisely what America is

doing. We must continue to fight HIV/AIDS, especially on the continent

of Africa. (Applause.) Because you funded our Emergency Plan for AIDS

Relief, the number of people receiving life-saving drugs has grown from

50,000 to more than 800,000 in three short years. I ask you to continue

funding our efforts to fight HIV/AIDS. I ask you to provide $1.2

billion over five years so we can combat malaria in 15 African

countries. (Applause.)

I ask that you fund the Millennium Challenge Account, so that American

aid reaches the people who need it, in nations where democracy is on

the rise and corruption is in retreat. And let us continue to support

the expanded trade and debt relief that are the best hope for lifting

lives and eliminating poverty. (Applause.)

When America serves others in this way, we show the strength and

generosity of our country. These deeds reflect the character of our

people. The greatest strength we have is the heroic kindness, courage,

and self-sacrifice of the American people. You see this spirit often if

you know where to look--and tonight we need only look above to the

gallery.

Dikembe Mutombo grew up in Africa, amid great poverty and disease. He

came to Georgetown University on a scholarship to study medicine--but

Coach John Thompson got a look at Dikembe and had a different idea.

(Laughter.) Dikembe became a star in the NBA, and a citizen of the

United States. But he never forgot the land of his birth, or the duty

to share his blessings with others. He built a brand new hospital in

his old hometown. A friend has said of this good-hearted man: “Mutombo

believes that God has given him this opportunity to do great things.”

And we are proud to call this son of the Congo [2] a citizen of the

United States of America. (Applause.)

After her daughter was born, Julie Aigner-Clark searched for ways to

share her love of music and art with her child. So she borrowed some

equipment, and began filming children’s videos in her basement. The

Baby Einstein Company was born, and in just five years her business

grew to more than $20 million in sales. In November 2001, Julie sold

Baby Einstein to the Walt Disney Company, and with her help Baby

Einstein has grown into a $200 million business. Julie represents the

great enterprising spirit of America. And she is using her success to

help others--producing child safety videos with John Walsh of the

National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Julie says of her

new project: “I believe it’s the most important thing that I have ever

done. I believe that children have the right to live in a world that is

safe.” And so tonight, we are pleased to welcome this talented business

entrepreneur and generous social entrepreneur--Julie Aigner-Clark.

(Applause.)

Three weeks ago, Wesley Autrey was waiting at a Harlem subway station

with his two little girls, when he saw a man fall into the path of a

train. With seconds to act, Wesley jumped onto the tracks, pulled the

man into the space between the rails, and held him as the train passed

right above their heads. He insists he’s not a hero. He says: “We got

guys and girls overseas dying for us to have our freedoms. We have got

to show each other some love.” There is something wonderful about a

country that produces a brave and humble man like Wesley Autrey.

(Applause.)

Tommy Rieman was a teenager pumping gas in Independence, Kentucky, when

he enlisted in the United States Army. In December 2003, he was on a

reconnaissance mission in Iraq when his team came under heavy enemy

fire. From his Humvee, Sergeant Rieman returned fire; he used his body

as a shield to protect his gunner. He was shot in the chest and arm,

and received shrapnel wounds to his legs--yet he refused medical

attention, and stayed in the fight. He helped to repel a second attack,

firing grenades at the enemy’s position. For his exceptional courage,

Sergeant Rieman was awarded the Silver Star. And like so many other

Americans who have volunteered to defend us, he has earned the respect

and the gratitude of our entire country. (Applause.)

In such courage and compassion, ladies and gentlemen, we see the spirit

and character of America--and these qualities are not in short supply.

This is a decent and honorable country--and resilient, too. We’ve been

through a lot together. We’ve met challenges and faced dangers, and we

know that more lie ahead. Yet we can go forward with confidence--because

the State of our Union is strong, our cause in the world is

right, and tonight that cause goes on. God bless. (Applause.)

See you next year. Thank you for your prayers.

***

State of the Union Address

by George W. Bush

January 28, 2008

THE PRESIDENT: Madam Speaker, Vice President Cheney, members of

Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens: Seven years have

passed since I first stood before you at this rostrum. In that time,

our country has been tested in ways none of us could have imagined. We

faced hard decisions about peace and war, rising competition in the

world economy, and the health and welfare of our citizens. These issues

call for vigorous debate, and I think it’s fair to say we’ve answered

the call. Yet history will record that amid our differences, we acted

with purpose. And together, we showed the world the power and

resilience of American self-government.

All of us were sent to Washington to carry out the people’s business.

That is the purpose of this body. It is the meaning of our oath. It

remains our charge to keep.

The actions of the 110th Congress will affect the security and

prosperity of our nation long after this session has ended. In this

election year, let us show our fellow Americans that we recognize our

responsibilities and are determined to meet them. Let us show them that

Republicans and Democrats can compete for votes and cooperate for

results at the same time. (Applause.)

From expanding opportunity to protecting our country, we’ve made good

progress. Yet we have unfinished business before us, and the American

people expect us to get it done.

In the work ahead, we must be guided by the philosophy that made our

nation great. As Americans, we believe in the power of individuals to

determine their destiny and shape the course of history. We believe

that the most reliable guide for our country is the collective wisdom

of ordinary citizens. And so in all we do, we must trust in the ability

of free peoples to make wise decisions, and empower them to improve

their lives for their futures.

To build a prosperous future, we must trust people with their own money

and empower them to grow our economy. As we meet tonight, our economy

is undergoing a period of uncertainty. America has added jobs for a

record 52 straight months, but jobs are now growing at a slower pace.

Wages are up, but so are prices for food and gas. Exports are rising,

but the housing market has declined. At kitchen tables across our

country, there is a concern about our economic future.

In the long run, Americans can be confident about our economic growth.

But in the short run, we can all see that that growth is slowing. So

last week, my administration reached agreement with Speaker Pelosi and

Republican Leader Boehner on a robust growth package that includes tax

relief for individuals and families and incentives for business

investment. The temptation will be to load up the bill. That would

delay it or derail it, and neither option is acceptable. (Applause.)

This is a good agreement that will keep our economy growing and our

people working. And this Congress must pass it as soon as possible.

(Applause.)

We have other work to do on taxes. Unless Congress acts, most of the

tax relief we’ve delivered over the past seven years will be taken away.

Some in Washington argue that letting tax relief expire is not a tax

increase. Try explaining that to 116 million American taxpayers who

would see their taxes rise by an average of $1,800. Others have said

they would personally be happy to pay higher taxes. I welcome their

enthusiasm. I’m pleased to report that the IRS accepts both checks and

money orders. (Laughter and applause.)

Most Americans think their taxes are high enough. With all the other

pressures on their finances, American families should not have to worry

about their federal government taking a bigger bite out of their

paychecks. There’s only one way to eliminate this uncertainty: Make the

tax relief permanent. (Applause.) And members of Congress should know:

If any bill raises taxes reaches my desk, I will veto it. (Applause.)

Just as we trust Americans with their own money, we need to earn their

trust by spending their tax dollars wisely. Next week, I’ll send you a

budget that terminates or substantially reduces 151 wasteful or bloated

programs, totaling more than $18 billion. The budget that I will submit

will keep America on track for a surplus in 2012. American families

have to balance their budgets; so should their government. (Applause.)

The people’s trust in their government is undermined by congressional

earmarks--special interest projects that are often snuck in at the

last minute, without discussion or debate. Last year, I asked you to

voluntarily cut the number and cost of earmarks in half. I also asked

you to stop slipping earmarks into committee reports that never even

come to a vote. Unfortunately, neither goal was met. So this time, if

you send me an appropriations bill that does not cut the number and

cost of earmarks in half, I’ll send it back to you with my veto.

(Applause.)

And tomorrow, I will issue an executive order that directs federal

agencies to ignore any future earmark that is not voted on by Congress.

If these items are truly worth funding, Congress should debate them in

the open and hold a public vote. (Applause.)

Our shared responsibilities extend beyond matters of taxes and spending.

On housing, we must trust Americans with the responsibility of

homeownership and empower them to weather turbulent times in the

housing market. My administration brought together the HOPE NOW

alliance, which is helping many struggling homeowners avoid foreclosure.

And Congress can help even more. Tonight I ask you to pass legislation

to reform Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, modernize the Federal Housing

Administration, and allow state housing agencies to issue tax-free

bonds to help homeowners refinance their mortgages. (Applause.) These

are difficult times for many American families, and by taking these

steps, we can help more of them keep their homes.

To build a future of quality health care, we must trust patients and

doctors to make medical decisions and empower them with better

information and better options. We share a common goal: making health

care more affordable and accessible for all Americans. (Applause.) The

best way to achieve that goal is by expanding consumer choice, not

government control. (Applause.) So I have proposed ending the bias in

the tax code against those who do not get their health insurance

through their employer. This one reform would put private coverage

within reach for millions, and I call on the Congress to pass it this

year. (Applause.)

The Congress must also expand health savings accounts, create

Association Health Plans for small businesses, promote health

information technology, and confront the epidemic of junk medical

lawsuits. (Applause.) With all these steps, we will help ensure that

decisions about your medical care are made in the privacy of your

doctor’s office--not in the halls of Congress. (Applause.)

On education, we must trust students to learn if given the chance, and

empower parents to demand results from our schools. In neighborhoods

across our country, there are boys and girls with dreams--and a decent

education is their only hope of achieving them.

Six years ago, we came together to pass the No Child Left Behind Act,

and today no one can deny its results. Last year, fourth and eighth

graders achieved the highest math scores on record. Reading scores are

on the rise. African American and Hispanic students posted all-time

highs. (Applause.) Now we must work together to increase accountability,

add flexibility for states and districts, reduce the number of high

school dropouts, provide extra help for struggling schools.

Members of Congress: The No Child Left Behind Act is a bipartisan

achievement. It is succeeding. And we owe it to America’s children,

their parents, and their teachers to strengthen this good law.

(Applause.)

We must also do more to help children when their schools do not measure

up. Thanks to the D.C. Opportunity Scholarships you approved, more than

2,600 of the poorest children in our Nation’s Capital have found new

hope at a faith-based or other non-public school. Sadly, these schools

are disappearing at an alarming rate in many of America’s inner cities.

So I will convene a White House summit aimed at strengthening these

lifelines of learning. And to open the doors of these schools to more

children, I ask you to support a new $300 million program called Pell

Grants for Kids. We have seen how Pell Grants help low-income college

students realize their full potential. Together, we’ve expanded the

size and reach of these grants. Now let us apply that same spirit to

help liberate poor children trapped in failing public schools.

(Applause.)

On trade, we must trust American workers to compete with anyone in the

world and empower them by opening up new markets overseas. Today, our

economic growth increasingly depends on our ability to sell American

goods and crops and services all over the world. So we’re working to

break down barriers to trade and investment wherever we can. We’re

working for a successful Doha Round of trade talks, and we must

complete a good agreement this year. At the same time, we’re pursuing

opportunities to open up new markets by passing free trade agreements.

I thank the Congress for approving a good agreement with Peru. And now

I ask you to approve agreements with Colombia and Panama and South

Korea. (Applause.) Many products from these nations now enter America

duty-free, yet many of our products face steep tariffs in their markets.

These agreements will level the playing field. They will give us better

access to nearly 100 million customers. They will support good jobs for

the finest workers in the world: those whose products say “Made in the

USA.” (Applause.)

These agreements also promote America’s strategic interests. The first

agreement that will come before you is with Colombia, a friend of

America that is confronting violence and terror, and fighting drug

traffickers. If we fail to pass this agreement, we will embolden the

purveyors of false populism in our hemisphere. So we must come together,

pass this agreement, and show our neighbors in the region that

democracy leads to a better life. (Applause.)

Trade brings better jobs and better choices and better prices. Yet for

some Americans, trade can mean losing a job, and the federal government

has a responsibility to help. (Applause.) I ask Congress to reauthorize

and reform trade adjustment assistance, so we can help these displaced

workers learn new skills and find new jobs. (Applause.)

To build a future of energy security, we must trust in the creative

genius of American researchers and entrepreneurs and empower them to

pioneer a new generation of clean energy technology. (Applause.) Our

security, our prosperity, and our environment all require reducing our

dependence on oil. Last year, I asked you to pass legislation to reduce

oil consumption over the next decade, and you responded. Together we

should take the next steps: Let us fund new technologies that can

generate coal power while capturing carbon emissions. (Applause.) Let

us increase the use of renewable power and emissions-free nuclear power.

(Applause.) Let us continue investing in advanced battery technology

and renewable fuels to power the cars and trucks of the future.

(Applause.) Let us create a new international clean technology fund,

which will help developing nations like India and China make greater

use of clean energy sources. And let us complete an international

agreement that has the potential to slow, stop, and eventually reverse

the growth of greenhouse gases. (Applause.)

This agreement will be effective only if it includes commitments by

every major economy and gives none a free ride. (Applause.) The United

States is committed to strengthening our energy security and

confronting global climate change. And the best way to meet these goals

is for America to continue leading the way toward the development of

cleaner and more energy-efficient technology. (Applause.)

To keep America competitive into the future, we must trust in the skill

of our scientists and engineers and empower them to pursue the

breakthroughs of tomorrow. Last year, Congress passed legislation

supporting the American Competitiveness Initiative, but never followed

through with the funding. This funding is essential to keeping our

scientific edge. So I ask Congress to double federal support for

critical basic research in the physical sciences and ensure America

remains the most dynamic nation on Earth. (Applause.)

On matters of life and science, we must trust in the innovative spirit

of medical researchers and empower them to discover new treatments

while respecting moral boundaries. In November, we witnessed a landmark

achievement when scientists discovered a way to reprogram adult skin

cells to act like embryonic stem cells. This breakthrough has the

potential to move us beyond the divisive debates of the past by

extending the frontiers of medicine without the destruction of human

life. (Applause.)

So we’re expanding funding for this type of ethical medical research.

And as we explore promising avenues of research, we must also ensure

that all life is treated with the dignity it deserves. And so I call on

Congress to pass legislation that bans unethical practices such as the

buying, selling, patenting, or cloning of human life. (Applause.)

On matters of justice, we must trust in the wisdom of our founders and

empower judges who understand that the Constitution means what it says.

(Applause.) I’ve submitted judicial nominees who will rule by the

letter of the law, not the whim of the gavel. Many of these nominees

are being unfairly delayed. They are worthy of confirmation, and the

Senate should give each of them a prompt up-or-down vote. (Applause.)

In communities across our land, we must trust in the good heart of the

American people and empower them to serve their neighbors in need. Over

the past seven years, more of our fellow citizens have discovered that

the pursuit of happiness leads to the path of service. Americans have

volunteered in record numbers. Charitable donations are higher than

ever. Faith-based groups are bringing hope to pockets of despair, with

newfound support from the federal government. And to help guarantee

equal treatment of faith-based organizations when they compete for

federal funds, I ask you to permanently extend Charitable Choice.

(Applause.)

Tonight the armies of compassion continue the march to a new day in the

Gulf Coast. America honors the strength and resilience of the people of

this region. We reaffirm our pledge to help them build stronger and

better than before. And tonight I’m pleased to announce that in April

we will host this year’s North American Summit of Canada, Mexico, and

the United States in the great city of New Orleans. (Applause.)

There are two other pressing challenges that I’ve raised repeatedly

before this body, and that this body has failed to address: entitlement

spending and immigration. Every member in this chamber knows that

spending on entitlement programs like Social Security, Medicare, and

Medicaid is growing faster than we can afford. We all know the painful

choices ahead if America stays on this path: massive tax increases,

sudden and drastic cuts in benefits, or crippling deficits. I’ve laid

out proposals to reform these programs. Now I ask members of Congress

to offer your proposals and come up with a bipartisan solution to save

these vital programs for our children and our grandchildren. (Applause.)

The other pressing challenge is immigration. America needs to secure

our borders--and with your help, my administration is taking steps to

do so. We’re increasing worksite enforcement, deploying fences and

advanced technologies to stop illegal crossings. We’ve effectively

ended the policy of “catch and release” at the border, and by the end

of this year, we will have doubled the number of border patrol agents.

Yet we also need to acknowledge that we will never fully secure our

border until we create a lawful way for foreign workers to come here

and support our economy. (Applause.) This will take pressure off the

border and allow law enforcement to concentrate on those who mean us

harm. We must also find a sensible and humane way to deal with people

here illegally. Illegal immigration is complicated, but it can be

resolved. And it must be resolved in a way that upholds both our laws

and our highest ideals. (Applause.)

This is the business of our nation here at home. Yet building a

prosperous future for our citizens also depends on confronting enemies

abroad and advancing liberty in troubled regions of the world.

Our foreign policy is based on a clear premise: We trust that people,

when given the chance, will choose a future of freedom and peace. In

the last seven years, we have witnessed stirring moments in the history

of liberty. We’ve seen citizens in Georgia and Ukraine stand up for

their right to free and fair elections. We’ve seen people in Lebanon

take to the streets to demand their independence. We’ve seen Afghans

emerge from the tyranny of the Taliban and choose a new president and a

new parliament. We’ve seen jubilant Iraqis holding up ink-stained

fingers and celebrating their freedom. These images of liberty have

inspired us. (Applause.)

In the past seven years, we’ve also seen images that have sobered us.

We’ve watched throngs of mourners in Lebanon and Pakistan carrying the

caskets of beloved leaders taken by the assassin’s hand. We’ve seen

wedding guests in blood-soaked finery staggering from a hotel in Jordan,

Afghans and Iraqis blown up in mosques and markets, and trains in

London and Madrid ripped apart by bombs. On a clear September day, we

saw thousands of our fellow citizens taken from us in an instant. These

horrific images serve as a grim reminder: The advance of liberty is

opposed by terrorists and extremists--evil men who despise freedom,

despise America, and aim to subject millions to their violent rule.

Since 9/11, we have taken the fight to these terrorists and extremists.

We will stay on the offense, we will keep up the pressure, and we will

deliver justice to our enemies. (Applause.)

We are engaged in the defining ideological struggle of the 21st century.

The terrorists oppose every principle of humanity and decency that we

hold dear. Yet in this war on terror, there is one thing we and our

enemies agree on: In the long run, men and women who are free to

determine their own destinies will reject terror and refuse to live in

tyranny. And that is why the terrorists are fighting to deny this

choice to the people in Lebanon, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the

Palestinian Territories. And that is why, for the security of America

and the peace of the world, we are spreading the hope of freedom.

(Applause.)

In Afghanistan, America, our 25 NATO allies, and 15 partner nations are

helping the Afghan people defend their freedom and rebuild their

country. Thanks to the courage of these military and civilian personnel,

a nation that was once a safe haven for al Qaeda is now a young

democracy where boys and girls are going to school, new roads and

hospitals are being built, and people are looking to the future with

new hope. These successes must continue, so we’re adding 3,200 Marines

to our forces in Afghanistan, where they will fight the terrorists and

train the Afghan Army and police. Defeating the Taliban and al Qaeda is

critical to our security, and I thank the Congress for supporting

America’s vital mission in Afghanistan. (Applause.)

In Iraq, the terrorists and extremists are fighting to deny a proud

people their liberty, and fighting to establish safe havens for attacks

across the world. One year ago, our enemies were succeeding in their

efforts to plunge Iraq into chaos. So we reviewed our strategy and

changed course. We launched a surge of American forces into Iraq. We

gave our troops a new mission: Work with the Iraqi forces to protect

the Iraqi people, pursue the enemy in its strongholds, and deny the

terrorists sanctuary anywhere in the country.

The Iraqi people quickly realized that something dramatic had happened.

Those who had worried that America was preparing to abandon them

instead saw tens of thousands of American forces flowing into their

country. They saw our forces moving into neighborhoods, clearing out

the terrorists, and staying behind to ensure the enemy did not return.

And they saw our troops, along with Provincial Reconstruction Teams

that include Foreign Service officers and other skilled public servants,

coming in to ensure that improved security was followed by improvements

in daily life. Our military and civilians in Iraq are performing with

courage and distinction, and they have the gratitude of our whole

nation. (Applause.)

The Iraqis launched a surge of their own. In the fall of 2006, Sunni

tribal leaders grew tired of al Qaeda’s brutality and started a popular

uprising called “The Anbar Awakening.” Over the past year, similar

movements have spread across the country. And today, the grassroots

surge includes more than 80,000 Iraqi citizens who are fighting the

terrorists. The government in Baghdad has stepped forward, as well ?

adding more than 100,000 new Iraqi soldiers and police during the past

year.

While the enemy is still dangerous and more work remains, the American

and Iraqi surges have achieved results few of us could have imagined

just one year ago. (Applause.) When we met last year, many said that

containing the violence was impossible. A year later, high profile

terrorist attacks are down, civilian deaths are down, sectarian

killings are down.

When we met last year, militia extremists--some armed and trained by

Iran--were wreaking havoc in large areas of Iraq. A year later,

coalition and Iraqi forces have killed or captured hundreds of militia

fighters. And Iraqis of all backgrounds increasingly realize that

defeating these militia fighters is critical to the future of their

country.

When we met last year, al Qaeda had sanctuaries in many areas of Iraq,

and their leaders had just offered American forces safe passage out of

the country. Today, it is al Qaeda that is searching for safe passage.

They have been driven from many of the strongholds they once held, and

over the past year, we’ve captured or killed thousands of extremists in

Iraq, including hundreds of key al Qaeda leaders and operatives.

Last month, Osama bin Laden released a tape in which he railed against

Iraqi tribal leaders who have turned on al Qaeda and admitted that

coalition forces are growing stronger in Iraq. Ladies and gentlemen,

some may deny the surge is working, but among the terrorists there is

no doubt. Al Qaeda is on the run in Iraq, and this enemy will be

defeated. (Applause.)

When we met last year, our troop levels in Iraq were on the rise. Today,

because of the progress just described, we are implementing a policy of

“return on success,” and the surge forces we sent to Iraq are beginning

to come home.

This progress is a credit to the valor of our troops and the brilliance

of their commanders. This evening, I want to speak directly to our men

and women on the front lines. Soldiers and sailors, airmen, Marines,

and Coast Guardsmen: In the past year, you have done everything we’ve

asked of you, and more. Our nation is grateful for your courage. We are

proud of your accomplishments. And tonight in this hallowed chamber,

with the American people as our witness, we make you a solemn pledge:

In the fight ahead, you will have all you need to protect our nation.

(Applause.) And I ask Congress to meet its responsibilities to these

brave men and women by fully funding our troops. (Applause.)

Our enemies in Iraq have been hit hard. They are not yet defeated, and

we can still expect tough fighting ahead. Our objective in the coming

year is to sustain and build on the gains we made in 2007, while

transitioning to the next phase of our strategy. American troops are

shifting from leading operations, to partnering with Iraqi forces, and,

eventually, to a protective overwatch mission. As part of this

transition, one Army brigade combat team and one Marine Expeditionary

Unit have already come home and will not be replaced. In the coming

months, four additional brigades and two Marine battalions will follow

suit. Taken together, this means more than 20,000 of our troops are

coming home. (Applause.)

Any further drawdown of U.S. troops will be based on conditions in Iraq

and the recommendations of our commanders. General Petraeus has warned

that too fast a drawdown could result in the “disintegration of the

Iraqi security forces, al Qaeda-Iraq regaining lost ground, [and] a

marked increase in violence.” Members of Congress: Having come so far

and achieved so much, we must not allow this to happen. (Applause.)

In the coming year, we will work with Iraqi leaders as they build on

the progress they’re making toward political reconciliation. At the

local level, Sunnis, Shia, and Kurds are beginning to come together to

reclaim their communities and rebuild their lives. Progress in the

provinces must be matched by progress in Baghdad. (Applause.) We’re

seeing some encouraging signs. The national government is sharing oil

revenues with the provinces. The parliament recently passed both a

pension law and de-Baathification reform. They’re now debating a

provincial powers law. The Iraqis still have a distance to travel. But

after decades of dictatorship and the pain of sectarian violence,

reconciliation is taking place--and the Iraqi people are taking

control of their future. (Applause.)

The mission in Iraq has been difficult and trying for our nation. But

it is in the vital interest of the United States that we succeed. A

free Iraq will deny al Qaeda a safe haven. A free Iraq will show

millions across the Middle East that a future of liberty is possible. A

free Iraq will be a friend of America, a partner in fighting terror,

and a source of stability in a dangerous part of the world.

By contrast, a failed Iraq would embolden the extremists, strengthen

Iran, and give terrorists a base from which to launch new attacks on

our friends, our allies, and our homeland. The enemy has made its

intentions clear. At a time when the momentum seemed to favor them, al

Qaida’s top commander in Iraq declared that they will not rest until

they have attacked us here in Washington. My fellow Americans: We will

not rest either. We will not rest until this enemy has been defeated.

(Applause.) We must do the difficult work today, so that years from now

people will look back and say that this generation rose to the moment,

prevailed in a tough fight, and left behind a more hopeful region and a

safer America. (Applause.)

We’re also standing against the forces of extremism in the Holy Land,

where we have new cause for hope. Palestinians have elected a president

who recognizes that confronting terror is essential to achieving a

state where his people can live in dignity and at peace with Israel.

Israelis have leaders who recognize that a peaceful, democratic

Palestinian state will be a source of lasting security. This month in

Ramallah and Jerusalem, I assured leaders from both sides that America

will do, and I will do, everything we can to help them achieve a peace

agreement that defines a Palestinian state by the end of this year. The

time has come for a Holy Land where a democratic Israel and a

democratic Palestine live side-by-side in peace. (Applause.)

We’re also standing against the forces of extremism embodied by the

regime in Tehran. Iran’s rulers oppress a good and talented people. And

wherever freedom advances in the Middle East, it seems the Iranian

regime is there to oppose it. Iran is funding and training militia

groups in Iraq, supporting Hezbollah terrorists in Lebanon, and backing

Hamas’ efforts to undermine peace in the Holy Land. Tehran is also

developing ballistic missiles of increasing range, and continues to

develop its capability to enrich uranium, which could be used to create

a nuclear weapon.

Our message to the people of Iran is clear: We have no quarrel with you.

We respect your traditions and your history. We look forward to the day

when you have your freedom. Our message to the leaders of Iran is also

clear: Verifiably suspend your nuclear enrichment, so negotiations can

begin. And to rejoin the community of nations, come clean about your

nuclear intentions and past actions, stop your oppression at home,

cease your support for terror abroad. But above all, know this: America

will confront those who threaten our troops. We will stand by our

allies, and we will defend our vital interests in the Persian Gulf.

(Applause.)

On the home front, we will continue to take every lawful and effective

measure to protect our country. This is our most solemn duty. We are

grateful that there has not been another attack on our soil since 9/11.

This is not for the lack of desire or effort on the part of the enemy.

In the past six years, we’ve stopped numerous attacks, including a plot

to fly a plane into the tallest building in Los Angeles and another to

blow up passenger jets bound for America over the Atlantic. Dedicated

men and women in our government toil day and night to stop the

terrorists from carrying out their plans. These good citizens are

saving American lives, and everyone in this chamber owes them our

thanks. (Applause.)

And we owe them something more: We owe them the tools they need to keep

our people safe. And one of the most important tools we can give them

is the ability to monitor terrorist communications. To protect America,

we need to know who the terrorists are talking to, what they are saying,

and what they’re planning. Last year, Congress passed legislation to

help us do that. Unfortunately, Congress set the legislation to expire

on February the 1st. That means if you don’t act by Friday, our ability

to track terrorist threats would be weakened and our citizens will be

in greater danger. Congress must ensure the flow of vital intelligence

is not disrupted. Congress must pass liability protection for companies

believed to have assisted in the efforts to defend America. We’ve had

ample time for debate. The time to act is now. (Applause.)

Protecting our nation from the dangers of a new century requires more

than good intelligence and a strong military. It also requires changing

the conditions that breed resentment and allow extremists to prey on

despair. So America is using its influence to build a freer, more

hopeful, and more compassionate world. This is a reflection of our

national interest; it is the calling of our conscience.

America opposes genocide in Sudan. (Applause.) We support freedom in

countries from Cuba and Zimbabwe to Belarus and Burma. (Applause.)

America is leading the fight against global poverty, with strong

education initiatives and humanitarian assistance. We’ve also changed

the way we deliver aid by launching the Millennium Challenge Account.

This program strengthens democracy, transparency, and the rule of law

in developing nations, and I ask you to fully fund this important

initiative. (Applause.)

America is leading the fight against global hunger. Today, more than

half the world’s food aid comes from the United States. And tonight, I

ask Congress to support an innovative proposal to provide food

assistance by purchasing crops directly from farmers in the developing

world, so we can build up local agriculture and help break the cycle of

famine. (Applause.)

America is leading the fight against disease. With your help, we’re

working to cut by half the number of malaria-related deaths in 15

African nations. And our Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief is treating 1.4

million people. We can bring healing and hope to many more. So I ask

you to maintain the principles that have changed behavior and made this

program a success. And I call on you to double our initial commitment

to fighting HIV/AIDS by approving an additional $30 billion over the

next five years. (Applause.)

America is a force for hope in the world because we are a compassionate

people, and some of the most compassionate Americans are those who have

stepped forward to protect us. We must keep faith with all who have

risked life and limb so that we might live in freedom and peace. Over

the past seven years, we’ve increased funding for veterans by more than

95 percent. And as we increase funding-- (applause.) And as increase

funding we must also reform our veterans system to meet the needs of a

new war and a new generation. (Applause.) I call on the Congress to

enact the reforms recommended by Senator Bob Dole and Secretary Donna

Shalala, so we can improve the system of care for our wounded warriors

and help them build lives of hope and promise and dignity. (Applause.)

Our military families also sacrifice for America. They endure sleepless

nights and the daily struggle of providing for children while a loved

one is serving far from home. We have a responsibility to provide for

them. So I ask you to join me in expanding their access to child care,

creating new hiring preferences for military spouses across the federal

government, and allowing our troops to transfer their unused education

benefits to their spouses or children. (Applause.) Our military

families serve our nation, they inspire our nation, and tonight our

nation honors them. (Applause.)

The strength--the secret of our strength, the miracle of America, is

that our greatness lies not in our government, but in the spirit and

determination of our people. (Applause.) When the Federal Convention

met in Philadelphia in 1787, our nation was bound by the Articles of

Confederation, which began with the words, “We the undersigned

delegates.” When Gouverneur Morris was asked to draft a preamble to our

new Constitution, he offered an important revision and opened with

words that changed the course of our nation and the history of the

world: “We the people.”

By trusting the people, our Founders wagered that a great and noble

nation could be built on the liberty that resides in the hearts of all

men and women. By trusting the people, succeeding generations

transformed our fragile young democracy into the most powerful nation

on Earth and a beacon of hope for millions. And so long as we continue

to trust the people, our nation will prosper, our liberty will be

secure, and the state of our Union will remain strong. (Applause.)

So tonight, with confidence in freedom’s power, and trust in the people,

let us set forth to do their business. God bless America. (Applause.)