Sire:
With my soul filled with a thousand afflictions, I write this letter
to your Majesty, awaiting a certain consolation for this unfortunate
community; since the man who is the only protector of all Catholic
countries in the world, as your Majesty is, must be the more so of
this land which is so thoroughly your own, since it is entirely
the establishment and edifice of your Majesty. Your Majesty has
a governor here, namely, Don Francisco Tello, who, if a fourth be
true of all that is said of him by Christian, learned, and prudent
men, and those in office in this community, both ecclesiastic and
secular, is one of the worst men whom your Majesty has in all his
estates. One thing I can say, and that is that neither on my way
from Nueba Hespaña here, nor after my arrival, have I heard anything
said which would indicate that this man is a good governor; but I
have heard and hear every day increasing and innumerable evil acts,
evil in the highest degree. During the time since I came here, which
is already a considerable period, I have seen nothing good in him
which would lead me, on any account or in any manner, to have any
consideration for him. If your Majesty were pleased to desire to know
particular instances, I am certain that there has been and is being
sent to the royal Council of the Indias so much concerning him that
the Council could easily inform your Majesty of matters concerning
this wretched man; and I shall only relate two or three things, which
everyone knows. The first matter (of which your Majesty must certainly
have information) is, that this man married a woman between whom and
himself there were two obstacles--in the first place, consanguinity;
and, in the second place, relation by marriage. In her case there was
still another obstacle, in that she had taken the vows in a religious
order. Although there were so many and so impassable obstacles, they
procured a dispensation in this [_MS. torn_] so that Don Francisco
might marry her. [I tell your Majesty of this] for love of the common
welfare, and so that he might not by his licentiousness destroy this
commonwealth, which is enslaved, more so than any other in the world
or even than any person, so much are all men subjected to the good
or ill will of the governor--not only the principal persons, but all
others. And further, Don Francisco would have it that this should be
considered sufficient cause for giving so many dispensations, and
in matters so difficult--namely his own unbridled incontinence and
lust--rather than put a check to his vileness. God has permitted this
blindness so senseless in a man, so that we may see in Don Francisco
that, when God takes His hand from a man, neither his honor, nor his
word, nor the fear of God, nor of your Majesty, nor the fact that
he is placed in so public an office and is the minister of such a
king as your Majesty, is sufficient to check him. If the chains and
bonds of matrimony had detained him, the dispensation and past evil
acts might be endured; but according to the report, although these
are not matters which I can examine into, he is still continuing in
these vile acts of his, as a man without God, law, or king.
Another instance: an affair characterized by covetousness, wrongs, and
injustice, which are being perpetrated before the sight of God and all
the world. This is the affair. There is here a vessel which is called
"Sancta Margarita" which belonged to Captain Stevan Rodriguez. This
boat he despatched this year to convey cloth and merchandise from this
city to Mexico. There is a record of what this same ship took last
time; and according to the register (which is here and in Mexico)
the vessel loaded two hundred and fifty to three hundred toneladas;
but this year there was not allotted among the citizens of the islands
more than a hundred and sixty toneladas. All the rest, up to the
said number of two hundred and fifty or three hundred, he has seized
upon. This injustice and robbery is terrible, but the circumstance
makes it even more remarkable that sin and greed and vices so blind
a man that he considers everyone else blind; and thinks that they
will not look at this ship and see its size, when it is present here;
nor remember that, in this same ship, the same persons with the same
merchandise laded ten times as large a cargo; nor does he consider
that, at any rate, the registry of this same ship exists.
On the day on which I write this, which is the last of June, when
the ships should have sailed days ago for Mexico, because they
might encounter a wind which would make it impossible for them to
leave this bay for a long time, and the voyage would be lost, or
undertaken when the ships would be wrecked--during this time he is
entertaining guests and making feasts and gambling. Certainly, Sire,
considering the injustice and grievance which he is inflicting on
the poor subjects and vassals of your Majesty, and considering him so
taken up with these feasts, there occurs to me the history of Nero,
when he set fire to Rome, and stood rejoicing while the street was
burning and being consumed; or, as a learned and pious man said,
it seems parallel with the idea which Nabuchodonosor carried out
when he desired that the people should adore his image, and ordered
that thenceforth there should be much music and feasting, so that
the people, thus deluded, should not even think of him without at
once committing an act of idolatry. Just so here all is feasting,
so that in this way the people may be prevented from thinking; and
that, thus deluded, they should busy themselves with this until the
evil record be finished, and the ships depart.
How can I tell your Majesty of the affairs of war? Although we are
every moment fearing some movement from Japon, this man will not build
a single turret to finish the wall. He considers himself safe with a
dark retreat which he built to retire to if the enemy should take the
city; but if the enemy should take a single house of the city, he is
as well fortified there as are the Spaniards in their retreat. For,
with the cheap labor of Chinamen, they have built here so that every
house is a fortress. God has granted to this country a Spaniard of
great genius, good birth, and singular virtue, who came with Don Luis
Perez das Mariñas. This Spaniard cast artillery very ingeniously at
this post where I am at present, which is on the river in the middle
of Manila. During all the time that I have been here I have not seen
the governor go to examine this work, or have anything more to do with
it than if it were in Constantinople. In short, his God is his belly,
and his feasts, and the vices and sins consequent upon this. That
his drink may be cold he uses from the warehouses of your Majesty
an endless amount of saltpeter, which is difficult to procure. He
expends an immense amount of powder in his feasts.
To fulfil my duty to God and His faith, and to your Majesty, and the
fidelity of a vassal, which I particularly owe, through the obligation
placed upon me by being bishop, I say that this man has no good in him;
nor is there anything bad lacking, to make him in the highest degree
a bad governor. Every instant that the remedy is delayed will bring on
more surely the wrath of God by delivering us into the hands of Japon
and other worse enemies or scourges. The only remedy is to appoint here
the good Don Luis Perez Dasmariñas, a well-known knight, and proved
to be just and discreet, with long experience in these lands--and,
above all, with great respect for God and His laws and those of your
Majesty. He is a friend of prayer, and believes in considering his
affairs with God. He need not be embarrassed in coming here, nor come
loaded down with persons to whom he is bound. And if perchance Don
Luis should not be available--although it certainly appears that he
is so, particularly since the coming of the Audiencia--for the love
of God may your Majesty not send us a person who is so boastful of
being a knight; but rather a nobleman, a prudent soldier, who will
be alone, and neither greedy, nor brought up in the vices of Sevilla,
nor with the braggarts there. It seems to me that I have said enough
of this. Manilla, the last of June, 1598.
It is said that he is sending great presents, and will try in that
way to maintain himself here.
_Fray Miguel_, Bishop of Nueva Segovia. [15]
Sire:
After I had written your Majesty my grief at the condition of these
islands, a number of Chinese, both Christians and infidels, came to
me, all bewailing the grievous injuries that they suffer daily from
your Majesty's officials and other Spaniards. They delivered to me two
letters addressed to your Majesty, and written in their characters and
language and after their manner; and I had these letters translated
into Castilian characters. These people have no other protection than
the Order of our father St. Dominic; and, as I am the head of that
order here, they have recourse to me for protection, asking that I send
the letters to your Majesty. I assure your Majesty that these wretched
people are receiving so many wrongs and injuries, that there are no
greater enemies of the immaculate Christian law than are many of your
Majesty's officials here. Your Majesty has provided, and well, that
the possessions of the Chinese should not be disturbed or the best of
them taken away, inasmucn as this is one way of ruining both Spaniards
and Chinese. But this order is not in the least observed. Your Majesty
will credit me with freedom from any exaggeration in regard to the
Order of our father St. Dominic. At present it is sending one of our
principal friars, who is prior here at Manila, named Fray [Diego]
de Soria. He knows more about these islands and countries than many
even of those who remain. He will give you information of everything,
if your Majesty wishes. Manila, July 5, 1598.
[_Endorsed_: "The bishop of Nueva Segovia, July 5, 98. Received April
6, 600. Bid the archbishop and governor to exercise great care in
the fair treatment and instruction of these Sangleys; and let them
see that no injury is done them, so that no harm may result to their
settlement."]