XXIX. I well know, that in the opinion of many people, this political
money is current in our times, and that it is frequently said, the
words and promises of those who have the supreme management of affairs,
should not remain in force for any longer time than they are found not
to clash with the interests of the state. I have read of an Italian
prince, who, when he was negotiating a peace with a powerful monarch,
requested among other conditions, the restitution of a large part of
his territories, which had been taken from him during the war, to which
request, the ambassador of the monarch answered, _what reliance can
the king my master place on the fidelity of your highness, in case he
gives you all you ask?_ to which the prince replied:--Assure him, that
I will pledge my word to him to fulfil my engagements, not in quality
of a sovereign, for in that capacity, whenever favourable opportunities
offer, it behoves me to sacrifice every thing to my grandeur, and the
interests of my state; but as a gentleman, and a man of honour.
XXX. But after all, this assurance contains in it a large portion of
hyperbole; for I firmly believe, the majority of the princes of this
day, are scrupulous about breaking the treaties they have entered
into; although it be true, that at every turn, you will hear them
reciprocally accusing each other of being the infringers of them; but
it seldom happens, that either of the parties can so clearly make
out the justice of his cause, as not to leave room for a difference
of opinion on the subject. Thus they both go upon probabilities,
and also upon the strength of probabilities, accuse each other. If
either of them happens to be a person of so enlarged a conscience, as
knowingly, and without scruple, to trample on all the obligations of
equity, justice, and public faith, he endeavours notwithstanding to
save appearances, and to seek some specious pretence for his behaviour.
This shews, that he is ashamed of what he does, and would gladly hide
the odium of his actions for fear of being pointed at, which would not
happen, if breaking their words was so common among princes, and so
little scrupled by them, as some would persuade us.
XXXI. I know very well, that an anonymous French author, asserted a few
years ago, that Don Ferdinand the Catholic, being told that Louis the
twelfth of France complained he had twice deceived him, replied, _By
the Lord! the French man lies, for it was not twice, but ten times that
I deceived him._ If such a thing ever happened, we may suppose, that
our Don Ferdinand prided himself in perfidy. But these are mere gossips
tales, and such as prudent people pay no regard to. I suppose, that
before this joke or tale, could arrive at the ears of the French man
who wrote it, from the mouth of Don Ferdinand, it must necessarily pass
through the mouths of a hundred different people; and we may conclude,
that out of that hundred, at least ninety of them were more capable of
framing it, than Don Ferdinand was of uttering it.
XXXII. But admitting this was true, all that can be inferred from it
is, that among a great number of princes of our times, here and there
one of them, has without shame or blushing, practised lying and deceit
in the affairs of state; whereas among the antients, this was very
frequent and common; for all, or nearly all of them, seem to have
stamped on their hearts, that sentence of Chorebus: _Dolus, an virtus,
qius in hoste requirat?_ or some other like it.