This is the best preparation, but one in which the beeswax i_Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas, Recipes and Processes

dissolved in the turpentine in such a way as to have the consistence of

a not too thin oil color, will answer. The wood is treated with this,

taking care that the surface is evenly covered with the mixture, and

that it does not sink too deeply in the ornaments, corners, etc., of

the woodwork. This is best achieved by taking care to scrape off from

the cloths all excess of the wax.

If, in the course of 24 hours, the surface is hard, then with a stiff

brush go over it, much after the way of polishing a boot. For the

corners and angles smaller brushes are used; when necessary, stiff

pencils may be employed. Finally, the whole is polished with plush,

or velvet rags, in order not to injure the original polish. Give the

article a good coat of linseed oil or a washing with petroleum before

beginning work.

II.—Articles that are always exposed to the water, floors, doors,

especially of oak, should, from time to time, be {755} saturated with

oil or wax. A house door, plentifully decorated with wood carving,

will not shrink or warp, even where the sun shines hottest on it, when

it is frequently treated to saturation with wax and oil. Here a plain

dosage with linseed oil is sufficient. Varnish, without the addition of

turpentine, should never be used, or if used it should be followed by a

coat of wax.

III.—A good floor wax is composed of 2 parts of wax and 3 parts of

Venice turpentine, melted on the water bath, and the mixture applied

while still hot, using a pencil, or brush, for the application, and

when it has become solid and dry, diligently rubbed, or polished down

with a woolen cloth, or with a floor brush, especially made for the

purpose.

IV.—An emulsion of 5 parts of yellow wax, 2 parts of crude potassium

carbonate, and 12 parts of water, boiled together until they assume a

milky color and the solids are dissolved, used cold, makes an excellent

composition for floors. Any desired color may be given this dressing by

stirring in the powdered coloring matter. Use it exactly as described

for the first mass.

«Gilders’ Wax.»—For the production of various colorings of gold in fire

gilding, the respective places are frequently covered with so-called

gilders’ wax. These consist of mixtures of various chemicals which

have an etching action in the red heat upon the bronze mass, thus

causing roughness of unequal depth, as well as through the fact that

the composition of the bronze is changed somewhat on the surface, a

relief of the gold color being effected in consequence of these two

circumstances. The gilding wax is prepared by melting together the

finely powdered chemicals with wax according to the following recipes:

I II III IV V

Yellow wax 32 32 32 96 36

Red chalk 3 24 18 48 18

Verdigris 2 4 18 32 18

Burnt alum 2 4 — — —

Burnt borax — — 2 1 3

Copper ash — 4 6 20 8

Zinc vitriol — — — 32 18

Green vitriol — — — 1 6

«Grafting Wax.»—

I.—Beeswax 7 parts

Purified rosin 12 parts

Turpentine 3 parts

Rape oil 1 part

Venice turpentine 2.5 parts

Zinc white 2.5 parts

Color yellow with turmeric.

II.—Japan wax 1 part

Yellow wax 3 parts

Rosin 8 parts

Turpentine 4 parts

Hard paraffine 1 part

Suet 3 parts

Venice turpentine 6 parts

«Harness Wax.»—

Oil of turpentine 90 parts

Wax, yellow 9 parts

Prussian blue 1 part

Indigo 0.5 parts

Bone black 5 parts

Dissolve the wax in the oil by aid of a low heat, on a water bath. Mix

the remaining ingredients, which must be well powdered, and work up

with a portion of the solution of wax. Finally, add the mixture to the

solution, and mix thoroughly on the bath. When a homogeneous liquid is

obtained, pour into earthen boxes.

«Modeling Wax.»—I.—Yellow wax, 1,000 parts; Venice turpentine, 130

parts; lard, 65 parts; bole, 725 parts. The mixture when still liquid

is poured into tepid water and kneaded until a plastic mass is obtained.

II.—Summer Modeling Wax.—White wax, 20 parts; ordinary turpentine, 4

parts; sesame oil, 1 part; vermilion, 2 parts.

III.—Winter Modeling Wax.—White wax, 20 parts; ordinary turpentine, 6

parts; sesame oil, 2 parts; vermilion, 2 parts. Preparation same as for

Formula I.

«Sealing Waxes.»—The following formulas may be followed for making

sealing wax: Take 4 pounds of shellac, 1 pound of Venice turpentine,

and 3 pounds of vermilion. Melt the lac in a copper pan suspended over

a clear charcoal fire, then add the turpentine slowly to it, and soon

afterwards add the vermilion, stirring briskly all the time with a rod

in either hand. In forming the round sticks of sealing wax, a certain

portion of the mass should be weighed while it is ductile, divided into

the desired number of pieces, and then rolled out upon a warm marble

slab by means of a smooth wooden block like that used by apothecaries

for rolling a mass of pills.

The oval and square sticks of sealing wax are cast in molds, with

the above compound, in a state of fusion. The marks of the lines of

junction of the mold box may be afterwards removed by holding the

sticks over a clear fire, or passing them over a blue gas flame.

Marbled sealing wax is made by mixing {756} two, three, or more colored

kinds together while they are in a semi-fluid state. From the viscidity

of the several portions their incorporation is left incomplete, so as

to produce the appearance of marbling. Gold sealing wax is made simply

by adding gold chrome instead of vermilion into the melted rosins. Wax

may be scented by introducing a little essential oil, essence of musk,

or other perfume. If 1 part of balsam of Peru be melted along with 99

parts of the sealing-wax composition, an agreeable fragrance will be

exhaled in the act of sealing with it. Either lampblack or ivory black

serves for the coloring matter of black wax. Sealing wax is often

adulterated with rosin, in which case it runs into thin drops at the

flame of a candle.

The following mistakes are sometimes made in the manufacture of sealing

wax:

I.—Use of filling agents which are too coarsely ground.

II.—Excessive use of filling agents.

III.—Insufficient binding of the pigments and fillings with a suitable

adhesive agent, which causes these bodies to absorb the adhesive power

of the gums.

IV.—Excessive heating of the mass, caused by improper melting or faulty

admixture of the gummy bodies. Turpentine and rosin must be heated

before entering the shellac. If this rule is inverted, as is often the

case, the shellac sticks to the bottom and burns partly.

Great care must be taken to mix the coloring matter to a paste with

spirit or oil of turpentine before adding to the other ingredients.

Unless this is done the wax will not be of a regular tint.

«Dark Blue Wax.»—Three ounces Venetian turpentine, 4 ounces shellac, 1

ounce rosin, 1 ounce Prussian blue, 1⁠/⁠2 ounce magnesia.

«Green Wax.»—Two ounces Venetian turpentine, 4 ounces shellac, 1 1⁠/⁠4

ounces rosin, 1⁠/⁠2 ounce chrome yellow, 1⁠/⁠4 ounce Prussian blue, 1

ounce magnesia.

«Carmine Red Wax.»—One ounce Venetian turpentine, 4 ounces shellac, 1

ounce rosin, colophony, 1 1⁠/⁠4 ounces Chinese red, 1 drachm magnesia,

with oil of turpentine.

«Gold Wax.»—Four ounces Venetian turpentine, 8 ounces shellac, 14

sheets of genuine leaf gold, 1⁠/⁠2 ounce bronze, 1⁠/⁠2 ounce magnesia,

with oil of turpentine.

«White Wax.»—I.—The wax is bleached by exposing to moist air and to

the sun, but it must first be prepared in thin sheets or ribbons or in

grains. For this purpose it is first washed, to free it from the honey

which may adhere, melted, and poured into a tin vessel, whose bottom

is perforated with narrow slits. The melted wax falls in a thin stream

on a wooden cylinder arranged below and half immersed in cold water.

This cylinder is turned, and the wax, rolling round in thin leaves,

afterwards falls into the water. To melt it in grains, a vessel is made

use of, perforated with small openings, which can be rotated. The wax

is projected in grains into the cold water. It is spread on frames of

muslin, moistened with water several times a day, and exposed to the

sun until the wax assumes a fine white. This whiteness, however, is not

perfect. The operation of melting and separating into ribbons or grains

must be renewed. Finally, it is melted and flowed into molds. The

duration of the bleaching may be abridged by adding to the wax, treated

as above, from 1.25 to 1.75 per cent of rectified oil of turpentine,

free from rosin. In 6 or 8 days a result will be secured which would

otherwise require 5 or 6 weeks.

II.—Bleached shellac 28 parts

Venetian turpentine 13 parts

Plaster of Paris 30 parts

WAX FOR BOTTLES: See Photography.

WAX, BURNING, TRICK: See Pyrotechnics.

WAXES, DECOMPOSITION OF: See Oil.

WAX FOR IRONING: See Laundry Preparations.

WAX FOR LINOLEUM: See Linoleum.

«Weather Forecasters»

(See also Hygrometers and Hygroscopes.)

I.—It is known that a leaf of blotting paper or a strip of fabric made

to change color according to the hygrometric state of the atmosphere

has been employed for weather indications in place of a barometer. The

following compound is recommended for this purpose: One part of cobalt

chloride, 75 parts of nickel oxide, 20 parts of gelatin, and 200 parts

of water. A strip of calico, soaked in this solution, will appear green

in fine weather, but when moisture intervenes the color disappears.

{757}

II.—Copper chloride 1 part

Gelatin 10 parts

Water 100 parts

III.—This is a method of making old-fashioned weather glasses

containing a liquid that clouds or solidifies under certain atmospheric

conditions:

Camphor 2 1⁠/⁠2 drachms

Alcohol 11 drachms

Water 9 drachms

Saltpeter 38 grains

Sal ammoniac 38 grains

Dissolve the camphor in the alcohol and the salts in the water and

mix the solutions together. Pour in test tubes, cover with wax after

corking and make a hole through the cork with a red-hot needle, or draw

out the tube until only a pin hole remains. When the camphor, etc.,

appear soft and powdery, and almost filling the tube, rain with south

or southwest winds may be expected; when crystalline, north, northeast,

or northwest winds, with fine weather, may be expected; when a portion

crystallizes on one side of the tube, wind may be expected from that

direction. Fine weather: The substance remains entirely at bottom of

tube and the liquid perfectly clear. Coming rain: Substance will rise

gradually, liquid will be very clear, with a small star in motion. A

coming storm or very high wind: Substance partly at top of tube, and

of a leaflike form, liquid very heavy and in a fermenting state. These

effects are noticeable 24 hours before the change sets in. In winter:

Generally the substance lies higher in the tube. Snow or white frost:

Substance very white and small stars in motion. Summer weather: The

substance will lie quite low. The substance will lie closer to the tube

on the opposite side to the quarter from which the storm is coming. The

instrument is nothing more than a scientific toy.

WEATHERPROOFING: See Paints.

WEED KILLERS: See Disinfectants.

«Weights and Measures»

«INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC WEIGHTS.»

The International Committee on Atomic Weights have presented this table

as corrected:

O=16 H=1

Aluminum Al 27.1 26.9

Antimony Sb 120.2 119.3

Argon A 39.9 39.6

Arsenic As 75 74.4

Barium Ba 137.4 136.4

Bismuth Bi 208.5 206.9

Boron B 11 10.9

Bromine Br 79.96 79.36

Cadmium Cd 112.4 111.6

Cæsium Cs 132.9 131.9

Calcium Ca 40.1 39.7

Carbon C 12 11.91

Cerium Ce 140.25 139.2

Chlorine Cl 35.45 35.18

Chromium Cr 52.1 51.7

Cobalt Co 59 58.55

Columbium Cb 94 93.3

Copper Cu 63.6 63.1

Erbium Er 166 164.8

Fluorine F 19 18.9

Gadolinium Gd 156 154.8

Gallium Ga 70 69.5

Germanium Ge 72.5 72

Glucinum Gl 9.1 9.03

Gold Au 197.2 195.7

Helium He 4 4

Hydrogen H 1.008 1

Indium In 115 114.1

Iodine I 126.97 126.01

Iridium Ir 193 191.5

Iron Fe 55.9 55.5

Krypton Kr 81.8 81.2

Lanthanum La 138.9 137.9

Lead Pb 206.9 205.35

Lithium Li 7.03 6.98

Magnesium Mg 24.36 24.18

Manganese Mn 55 54.6

Mercury Hg 200 198.5

Molybdenum Mo 96 95.3

Neodymium Nd 143.6 142.5

Neon Ne 20 19.9

Nickel Ni 58.7 58.3

Nitrogen N 14.04 13.93

Osmium Os 191 189.6

Oxygen O 16 15.88

Palladium Pd 106.5 105.7

Phosphorus P 31 30.77

Platinum Pt 194.8 193.3

Potassium K 39.15 38.85

Praseodymium Pr 140.5 139.4

Radium Ra 225 223.3

Rhodium Rh 103 102.2

Rubidium Rb 85.5 84.9

Ruthenium Ru 101.7 100.9

Samarium Sm 150.3 149.2

Scandium Sc 44.1 43.8

Selenium Se 79.2 78.6

Silicon Si 28.4 28.2

Silver Ag 107.93 107.11

Sodium Na 23.05 22.88

Strontium Sr 87.6 86.94

Sulphur S 32.06 31.82

Tantalum Ta 183 181.6

Tellurium Te 127.6 126.6

Terbium Th 160 158.8

Thallium Tl 204.1 202.6 {758}

Thorium Th 232.5 230.8

Thulium Tm 171 169.7

Tin Sn 119 118.1

Titanium Ti 48.1 47.7

Tungsten W 184 182.6

Uranium U 238.5 236.7

Vanadium V 51.2 50.8

Xenon Xe 128 127

Ytterbium Yb 173 171.7

Yttrium Yt 89 88.3

Zinc Zn 65.4 64.9

Zirconium Zr 90.6 89.9

«UNITED STATES WEIGHTS AND MEASURES»

(According to existing standards)

«LINEAL»

│ Inches. Feet. Yards. Rods. Fur’s. Mile.

│

12 inches = 1 foot. │ 12 = 1

3 feet = 1 yard. │ 36 = 3 = 1

5.5 yards = 1 rod. │ 198 = 16.5 = 5.5 = 1

40 rods = 1 furlong. │ 7,920 = 660 = 220 = 40 = 1

8 furlongs = 1 mile. │ 63,360 = 5,280 = 1,760 = 320 = 8 = 1

«SURFACE—LAND»

144 sq. inches = 1 square foot. │ Feet. Yards. Rods. Roods. Acres.

9 square feet = 1 square yard. │ 9 = 1

30.25 square yards = 1 square rod.│ 272.25= 30.25= 1

40 square rods = 1 square rood. │ 10,890= 1,210= 40= 1

4 square roods = 1 acre. │ 43,560= 4,840= 160= 4= 1

640 acres = 1 square mile. │27,878,400= 3,097,600= 102,400= 2,560= 640

«VOLUME—LIQUID»

4 gills = 1 pint. │ Gills. Pints. Gallon. Cub. In.

2 pints = 1 quart. │ 32 = 8 = 1 = 231

4 quarts = 1 gallon. │

«FLUID MEASURE»

Gallon. Pints. Ounces. Drachms. Minims. Cubic Centimeters.

1 = 8 = 128 = 1,024 = 61,440 = 3,785.435

1 = 16 = 128 = 7,680 = 473.179

1 = 8 = 480 = 29.574

1 = 60 = 3.697

16 ounces, or a pint, is sometimes called a fluidpound.

«TROY WEIGHT»

Pound. Ounces. Pennyweights. Grains. Grams.

1 = 12 = 240 = 5,760 = 373.24

1 = 20 = 480 = 31.10

1 = 24 = 1.56

«APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT»

℔ ℥ ʒ ℈ gr.

Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Scruples. Grains. Grams.

1 = 12 = 96 = 288 = 5,760 = 373.24

1 = 8 = 24 = 480 = 31.10

1 = 3 = 60 = 3.89

1 = 20 = 1.30

1 = .06

The pound, ounce, and grain are the same as in Troy weight.

«AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT»

Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Grains (Troy) Grams.

1 = 16 = 256 = 7,000 = 453.60

1 = 16 = 437.5 = 28.35

1 = 27.34 = 1.77

«ENGLISH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES»

«APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT»

20 grains = 1 scruple = 20 grains

3 scruples = 1 drachm = 60 grains

8 drachms = 1 ounce = 480 grains

12 ounces = 1 pound = 5,760 grains

«FLUID MEASURE»

60 minims = 1 fluidrachm

8 drachms = 1 fluidounce

20 ounces = 1 pint

8 pints = 1 gallon

The above weights are usually adopted in formulas.

All chemicals are usually sold by

«AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT»

27 11⁠/⁠32 grains = 1 drachm = 27 11⁠/⁠32 grains

16 drachms = 1 ounce = 437 1⁠/⁠2 grains

16 ounces = 1 pound = 7,000 grains

Precious metals are usually sold by

«TROY WEIGHT»

24 grains = 1 pennyweight = 24 grains

20 pennyweights = 1 ounce = 480 grains

12 ounces = 1 pound = 5,760 grains

NOTE.—An ounce of metallic silver contains 480 grains, but an ounce of

nitrate of silver contains only 437 1⁠/⁠2 grains. {759}

«METRIC SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES»

«MEASURES OF LENGTH»

───────────────────────────────────+──────────────────────────────────────────

DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES. │ EQUIVALENTS IN USE.

───────────+───────────────────────+──────────────────────────────────────────

Myriameter │ 10,000 meters │ 6.2137 miles

Kilometer │ 1,000 meters │ .62137 miles, or 3,280 feet, 10 inches

Hectometer │ 100 meters │ 328 feet and 1 inch

Dekameter │ 10 meters │ 393.7 inches

Meter │ 1 meter │ 39.37 inches

Decimeter │ 1-10th of a meter │ 3.937 inches

Centimeter │ 1-100th of a meter │ .3937 inches

Millimeter │ 1-1,000th of a meter │ .0394 inches

«MEASURES OF SURFACE»

───────────────────────────────+────────────────────────

DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES. │ EQUIVALENTS IN USE.

────────+──────────────────────+────────────────────────

Hectare │ 10,000 square meters │ 2.471 acres

Are │ 100 square meters │ 119.6 square yards

Centare │ 1 square meter │ 1,550 square inches

────────+──────────────────────+────────────────────────

«MEASURES OF VOLUME»

───────────────────────────────────────────────────+────────────────────────────────────

DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES. │ EQUIVALENTS IN USE.

──────────────────+───────+────────────────────────+───────────────────+────────────────

NAMES. │NO. OF │ CUBIC MEASURES. │ DRY MEASURE. │ WINE MEASURE.

│LITERS.│ │ │

Kiloliter or stere│ 1,000│ 1 cubic meter │1.308 cubic yards │264.17 gallons

Hectoliter │ 100│1-10th cubic meter │2 bushels and │ 26.417 gallons

│ │ │ 3.35 pecks│

Dekaliter │ 10│ 10 cubic decimeters │9.08 quarts │ 2.6417 gallons

Liter │ 1│ 1 cubic decimeter │ .908 quarts │ 1.0567 quarts

Deciliter │ 1-10│1-10th cubic decimeter │6.1023 cubic inches│ .845 gills

Centiliter │ 1-100│ 10 cubic centimeters│ .6102 cubic inches│ .338 fluidounces

Milliliter │1-1,000│ 1 cubic centimeter │ .061 cubic inches│ .27 fluidrachms

«WEIGHTS»

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+───────────────────

DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES. │ EQUIVALENTS

│ IN USE.

───────────────────+───────────+─────────────────────────────+───────────────────

NAMES. │ NUMBER │ WEIGHT OF VOLUME OF WATER │ AVOIRDUPOIS

│ OF GRAMS. │ AT ITS MAXIMUM DENSITY. │ WEIGHT.

Millier or Tonneau │ 1,000,000 │ 1 cubic meter │ 2,204.6 pounds

Quintal │ 100,000 │ 1 hectoliter │ 220.46 pounds

Myriagram │ 10,000 │ 10 liters │ 22.046 pounds

Kilogram or Kilo │ 1,000 │ 1 liter │ 2.2046 pounds

Hectogram │ 100 │ 1 deciliter │ 3.5274 ounces

Dekagram │ 10 │ 10 cubic centimeters │ .3527 ounces

Gram │ 1 │ 1 cubic centimeter │ 15.432 grains

Decigram │ 1-10 │ 1-10th of a cubic centimeter│ 1.5432 grains

Centigram │ 1-100 │ 10 cubic millimeters │ .1543 grains

Milligram │ 1-1,000 │ 1 cubic millimeter │ .0154 grains

_For measuring surfaces_, the square dekameter is used under the term

of ARE; the hectare, or 100 ares, is equal to about 2 1⁠/⁠2 acres.

_The unit of capacity_ is the cubic decimeter or LITER, and the series

of measures is formed in the same way as in the case of the table of

lengths. The cubic meter is the unit of measure for solid bodies,

and is termed STERE. _The unit of weight_ is the GRAM, which is the

weight of one cubic centimeter of pure water weighed in a vacuum at the

temperature of 4° C. or 39.2° F., which is about its temperature of

maximum density. In practice, the term cubic centimeter, abbreviated

c.c., is generally used instead of milliliter, and cubic meter instead

of kiloliter. {760}

«THE CONVERSION OF METRIC INTO ENGLISH WEIGHT»

The following table, which contains no error greater than one-tenth of

a grain, will suffice for most practical purposes:

1 gram = 15 2⁠/⁠5 grains

2 grams = 30 4⁠/⁠5 grains

3 grams = 46 1⁠/⁠5 grains

4 grams = 61 4⁠/⁠5 grains, or 1 drachm, 1 4⁠/⁠5 grains

5 grams = 77 1⁠/⁠5 grains, or 1 drachm, 17 1⁠/⁠5 grains

6 grams = 92 3⁠/⁠5 grains, or 1 drachm, 32 3⁠/⁠5 grains

7 grams = 108 grains, or 1 drachm, 48 grains

8 grams = 123 2⁠/⁠5 grains, or 2 drachms, 3 2⁠/⁠5 grains

9 grams = 138 4⁠/⁠5 grains, or 2 drachms, 18 4⁠/⁠5 grains

10 grams = 154 2⁠/⁠5 grains, or 2 drachms, 34 2⁠/⁠5 grains

11 grams = 169 4⁠/⁠5 grains, or 2 drachms, 49 4⁠/⁠5 grains

12 grams = 185 1⁠/⁠5 grains, or 3 drachms, 20 1⁠/⁠5 grains

13 grams = 200 3⁠/⁠5 grains, or 3 drachms, 20 3⁠/⁠5 grains

14 grams = 216 grains, or 3 drachms, 36 grains

15 grams = 231 2⁠/⁠5 grains, or 3 drachms, 51 2⁠/⁠5 grains

16 grams = 247 grains, or 4 drachms, 7 grains

17 grams = 262 2⁠/⁠5 grains, or 4 drachms, 22 2⁠/⁠5 grains

18 grams = 277 4⁠/⁠5 grains, or 4 drachms, 37 4⁠/⁠5 grains

19 grams = 293 1⁠/⁠5 grains, or 4 drachms, 53 1⁠/⁠5 grains

20 grams = 308 3⁠/⁠5 grains, or 5 drachms, 8 3⁠/⁠5 grains

30 grams = 463 grains, or 7 drachms, 43 grains

40 grams = 617 1⁠/⁠5 grains, or 10 drachms, 17 1⁠/⁠5 grains

50 grams = 771 3⁠/⁠5 grains, or 12 drachms, 51 3⁠/⁠5 grains

60 grams = 926 grains, or 15 drachms, 26 grains

70 grams = 1,080 1⁠/⁠5 grains, or 18 drachms, 0 1⁠/⁠5 grains

80 grams = 1,234 3⁠/⁠5 grains, or 20 drachms, 34 3⁠/⁠5 grains

90 grams = 1,389 grains, or 23 drachms, 9 grains

100 grams = 1,543 1⁠/⁠5 grains, or 25 drachms, 43 1⁠/⁠5 grains

1,000 grams = 1 kilogram = 32 ounces, 1 drachm, 12 2⁠/⁠5 grains

«THE CONVERSION OF METRIC INTO ENGLISH MEASURE»

1 cubic centimeter = 17 minims

2 cubic centimeters = 34 minims

3 cubic centimeters = 51 minims

4 cubic centimeters = 68 minims, or 1 drachm, 8 minims

5 cubic centimeters = 85 minims, or 1 drachm, 25 minims

6 cubic centimeters = 101 minims, or 1 drachm, 41 minims

7 cubic centimeters = 118 minims, or 1 drachm, 58 minims

8 cubic centimeters = 135 minims, or 1 drachms, 15 minims

9 cubic centimeters = 152 minims, or 2 drachms, 32 minims

10 cubic centimeters = 169 minims, or 2 drachms, 49 minims

20 cubic centimeters = 338 minims, or 5 drachms, 38 minims

30 cubic centimeters = 507 minims, or 1 ounce, 0 drachm, 27 minims

40 cubic centimeters = 676 minims, or 1 ounce, 3 drachms, 16 minims

50 cubic centimeters = 845 minims, or 1 ounce, 6 drachms, 5 minims

60 cubic centimeters = 1,014 minims, or 2 ounces, 0 drachms, 54 minims

70 cubic centimeters = 1,183 minims, or 2 ounces, 3 drachms, 43 minims

80 cubic centimeters = 1,352 minims, or 2 ounces, 6 drachms, 32 minims

90 cubic centimeters = 1,521 minims, or 3 ounces, 1 drachm, 21 minims

100 cubic centimeters = 1,690 minims, or 3 ounces, 4 drachms, 10 minims

1,000 cubic centimeters = 1 liter = 34 fluidounces nearly, or 2 1⁠/⁠8 pints.

{761}

«WELDING POWDERS.»

This is the best preparation, but one in which the beeswax is merely