JACKSON, GEN., _refunding his fine_.--Fi_Thirty Years' View (Vol. 2 of 2) or, A History of the Working of the American Government for Thirty Years, from 1820 to 1850

winter of 1814-'15 for contempt of court, 499;

paid under protest, 499;

Senator Linn brings in a bill for refunding the fine, 499;

letter of Gen. Jackson to him on receiving notice of the bill,

500;

Jackson would only receive it on the ground of an illegal

exaction, 500;

the recourse to martial law vindicated, 500;

the measures could not be relaxed which a sense of danger had

dictated, 501;

reasons given at the time against the fine, 501;

proceedings of the court, 502;

bill passed both Houses, 502.

_See Index_, vol. I.

JEFFERSON, THOMAs, his views on the surrender of fugitive

criminals, 445.

_See Index_, vol. I.

JESUP, GEN., conduct of, the Florida war, 78.

JOHNSON, R. M., a candidate for the Vice-Presidency, 204.

JOHNSON, CAVE, on the appropriation for the military academy, 567;

on naval expenditures, 507;

Postmaster General, 650.

JOHNSON, REVERDY, on the Oregon question, 665;

Attorney General, 737.

JONES, JOHN W., candidate for Speaker, 160;

chosen Speaker, 565.

KENDALL, AMOS, Postmaster General, 9.

KENNEDY, JOHN P., Secretary of the Navy, 768.

KENNON, COMMODORE, killed on board the Princeton, 568.

KING, THOMAS B., on the previous question, 253;

reports a bill for a home squadron, 271;

on exempting salt from duty, 315;

on the committee on the bank bill, 335.

LEGARE, HUGH S., Attorney General, 356.

LINN, LOUIS F., opposition to the hour rule, 252, 256;

on the disturbance in the Senate galleries, 352;

in favor of the Oregon settlement bill, 472.

Remarks on his decease by Senator Benton, 485;

birth, 485;

parentage, 485;

education, 485;

honors, 484;

character, 486;

talents, 486;

amiable qualities, 486;

character in party times, 486;

remarks of Senator Crittenden, 487;

introduces a bill to refund the fine of Gen. Jackson, 500.

_London Bankers' Circular._--On assumption of State debts, 171.

MADISON, JAMES, on the dangers to the Union, 132;

his views on the subject of disunion, 786.

MAGOFFIN, JAMES, conducts Gen. Kearney and troops to New Mexico,

683.

MALLORY, FRANCIS, on the coast survey, 488.

MANGUM, WILLIE P., opposes the repeal of the pension act of 1837,

266.

_Map of_ the original North-eastern boundary, 423.

MARCY, WILLIAM L., Secretary of War, 650;

answer to the interrogatories of an anti-slavery meeting, 775.

MASON, JOHN G., Secretary of the Navy, 569;

Attorney General, 650.

MAXEY, VIRGIL, killed on board the Princeton, 568.

MCDOWELL, JAMES, remarks on the decease of John Quincy Adams, 708.

MCDUFFIE, JAMES, on the Oregon country, 471.

MCKAY, JAMES J., on the appropriation for the home squadron, 272;

on the appropriation for the military academy, 467.

MCKEON, JOHN, on the Chinese Mission, 511.

MCKINLEY, JOHN, Judge of the Supreme Court, 9.

MCLEAN, JOHN, declines the secretaryship of war, 356.

MCLEOD, the case of, 282.

MEREDITH, WILLIAM M., Secretary of the Treasury, 737.

MERRICK, WILLIAM D., on the disturbance in the Senate gallery, 352.

MERRIWEATHER, JAMES A., on reduction of navy pay and expenses, 482;

on the Chinese mission, 511.

_Military Department._--The progress of expenses of the army, 404;

comparative view presented by Mr. Calhoun, 404;

extract, 404;

cost of each man, at different periods, in the service, 405;

Adams proposes retrenchment in the army and navy, 405;

extract, 405.

_Military Academy._--The instincts of the people have been against

this academy ever since it took its present form, 466;

all efforts to abolish it are instantly met by Washington's

recommendation of it, 466;

Washington never saw such an institution as shelters under his

name, 466;

attack upon the institution by moving to strike out the

appropriation for its support, 467;

remarks of Mr. McKay in defence of it, 467;

points shown by him, 467;

remarks of Mr. Johnson against the bill, 467;

remarks of Mr. Haralson in favor, 468;

remarks of Mr. Ficklin against it, 468;

Mr. Black proposes an amendment that the cadets be compelled to

serve ten years, 468.

_See Index_, vol. I.

MILLER, Mr., moves the nomination of Van Buren, 592.

_Missouri Compromise._--Message of President Polk, 712.

MORTON, MARCUS, on the adoption of the two-thirds rule in the

democratic convention, 591.

MUTINY on board the brig Somers.

_See Somers._

NAPOLEON, his ideas of the art of war, 572.

_Naval Academy._--Remarks, 571;

instructions of Virginia to her Senators in 1799, 572;

the Great Emperor's idea of the whole art of war, 572;

remark of Alison the historian, 573;

the lesson taught by the war of 1812, 573;

officers now made in schools, whether they have any vocation for

the service or not, 573;

the finest naval officers the world over saw were bred in the

merchant service, 574;

no naval victory of Great Britain over France had the least effect

on the war, 574;

commerce wants no protection from men-of-war, except from

piratical nations, 574.

_Naval Pension System._--Annual bill for these pensions on its

passage, 265;

abuse introduced by the act of 1837, 265;

four things done by that act, 265;

absorbed and bankrupted the fund, 266;

manner of the passage of this act, 266;

its power to resist correction, 266;

amendment moved to repeal the act of 1837, 266;

debate, 266;

lost, 267;

character of the vote, 267;

difference in the two parties always the same without regard to

their name, 267.

Calhoun's remarks on confining all future pensioners to the act of

1800, &c., 267;

"the act of 1837 was not only inexpedient, but something much

worse, 267;

it is proposed to introduce new and extraordinary principles into

our pension list, 268;

object of the amendment to correct a monstrous abuse," 268;

remarks of Mr. Pierce on the abuses to which the pension law gave

rise, 168.

Adams asks who were the authors of the act of 1837, 269;

reply of Mr. Thomas, 269;

manner in which the bill passed the House, 269;

losses sustained by the action of the House, 270;

the debates show in what manner legislation can be carried on

under the silencing process of the previous question, 270;

no branch of the public service requires the reforming and

retrenching hand of Congress more than the naval, 270;

its cost, 270;

fallen chiefly under the management of members from the sea-coast,

270;

compared with Great Britain, 271.

NELSON, JOHN, Attorney General, 569.

NILES, JOHN M., on the surrender of the deposits, 36.

_North and South._--The working of the government on the two great

Atlantic sections, 131;

complained of as unequal and oppressive, 131;

history of the complaint, 131;

commercial conventions at Augusta and Charleston, 131;

distribution of foreign imports before the Revolutionary war, 131;

in 1821, 131;

the difference, 131;

effects, 132;

points of complaint, 131;

foundation for them, 132;

remark of Madison, 132;

remedy proposed by the conventions, 133;

the point on which Southern discontent arose, 133;

separation as a remedy, 133.

_Oregon._--Carrying and planting the Anglo-Saxon race on the shores

of the Pacific took place at this time, 468;

an act of the people going forward without government aid or

countenance, 469;

the action of the government was to endanger our title, 469;

first step of the treaty of joint occupation in 1818, 469;

the second false step, the extension of the treaty, 469;

third blunder, in omitting to settle it in the Ashburton treaty,

469;

fourth blunder, the recommendations of President Tyler to

discountenance emigration by withholding land from the

emigrants, 469;

the people saved the title thus endangered, 469;

a thousand emigrants in 1842, 469;

government attempts to discourage and Western members to encourage

it, 469;

Senator Linn introduces a bill for the purpose, 469;

its provisions, 469;

remarks, 470;

McDuffie's remarks to show the worthlessness of the country, 471;

Calhoun opposes it on the ground of infractions of the treaty and

danger of war--the difficulty and danger of defending a

possession so remote, 471;

his course when Secretary of War, 472.

Senator Linn's remarks in reply, 472;

the effect of temporizing in Maine, 473;

losses of our citizens by ravages of Indians, 473;

backwardness to protect our own citizens contrasted with the

readiness to expend untold amounts to protect our citizens

engaged in foreign commerce, or to guard the freedom of the

African negro, 473;

it is asked, why not give notice to terminate the treaty? 474.

Remarks of Mr. Benton on the clause allotting land, 474;

actual colonization going on at Columbia river, attended by every

circumstance that indicated ownership and the design of a

permanent settlement, 474;

our title, 475;

answer of the President to the call for the "informal conferences"

which had taken place on the subject, 476;

the north bank of the Columbia river, the object of the British,

476;

bill passed, 477;

bill sent to the House, 477;

the effect intended to encourage settlers produced, 477;

a colony planted and grew up, 477;

it saved the territory, 477.

All agree that the title is in the United States, 479;

a division on the point of giving offence to England by granting

the land to our settlers, 479;

has she a right to take offence? 479;

the fear of Great Britain is pressed upon us at the same time her

pacific disposition is enforced and insisted on, 480;

remarks of Ashburton, showing a want of inclination in the British

Government to settle the Creole case, 480;

the objection of distance examined, 481;

also that of expense examined, 481;

another objection, the land clause, 481;

time is invoked as the agent which is to help us, 481;

time and negotiation have been bad agents for us in our

controversies with Great Britain, 482.

Conventions of 1818 and 1828 provided for the joint occupation

of the countries, 624;

impropriety of such engagements, 624;

motion to give notice to terminate the joint occupation, 625;

arguments in opposition, 625;

the talk of war alarmed the commercial interest, and

looked upon the delivery of the notice as the signal for a

disastrous depression of foreign trade, 625;

motion for the notice lost, 625;

omitted in the Ashburton treaty, 660;

references to the subject, 660;

taken up by Mr. Calhoun, and conducted in the only safe way of

conducting negotiations, 661;

the negotiations come to a stand, 661;

declaration of the President's message, 661;

feeling in England, 661;

negotiations recommended by us as a means of avoiding war, 662;

the offer of 49°;

withdrawn, 662;

meeting of Congress and debate on the subject, 662.

Speech of Mr. Hayward on the line of 49° as the correct line, 662;

"the course pursued by the President in his offer, 662;

nothing improper in his repeating it, 662;

under no necessity to refuse the line of 49° if offered," 663;

his speech expressive of the sentiments of the President, 663;

a demand made of him if he expressed the views of the President,

663;

a call to order, 664;

remarks on the President's position from the extreme members,

665;

advantages of concurring in the line of 49° if offered, 665;

the merits of the question discussed, 666.

Speech of Mr. Benton, 667;

"the true extent and nature of our territorial claims beyond the

Rocky Mountains," 667;

the assumption that we have a dividing line with Russia is a great

mistake, 667;

circumstances of the convention of 1824, 667;

Great Britain and ourselves treated separately with Russia and

with each other, 668;

we proposed that fifty-four forty should be the northern

boundary for Great Britain, 668;

the line of Utrecht, 669;

items of testimony, 669, 670;

_note_, containing a letter of Edward Everett, 671;

Frazer's River, 671;

Harmon's Journal, 671;

New Caledonia, 671;

ground taken by Mr. Monroe, 672;

their action, 672;

notice to terminate the joint occupation voted, 673;

amended in the Senate, 674;

character of the vote, 674.

Negotiations renewed, 674;

49° offered by England, 674;

quandary of the administration, 674;

advice of the Senate asked, 674;

a message with a _projet_ of a treaty, sent in upon the advice of

Senator Benton, 675;

extract, 675;

treaty or no treaty depended on the Senate, 676;

advice of the Senate given in favor of 49°, 676;

treaty sent in, 676;

ratified, 667;

daily attack of the organ upon the Senators who were accomplishing

the wishes of the President, 676;

Mr. Benton assailed, 677;

remarks, 677.

On the bill for the Oregon territorial government, Mr. Calhoun

makes trial of his new doctrine, 711;

proofs of his support of the Missouri Compromise, 711;

motion of Mr. Hale, 711;

motion of Mr. Douglas, 711;

vote of Mr. Calhoun on it, 711;

bill passes both Houses, 712;

excitement of Mr. Calhoun, 712;

invocation to disunion, 712;

special message on the slavery agitation, 712;

extract, 712.--_See slavery agitation._

OSCEOLA, capture of, 79.

_Pairing off_, when first exhibited, 178;

a breach of the rules of the House, 178;

violation of the constitution, 178;

rebuked by J. Q. Adams, 178;

now a common practice, 178;

the early practice, 178;

leave always asked and obtained, 178.

PALMERSTON, LORD, his boldness, 285.

_Paper Money Payments._--Crisis in the struggle between paper money

and gold, 406;

recourse had to treasury notes reissuable, 406;

the government paid two-thirds in these notes and one-third in

specie, 406;

Mr. Benton determines to resist, 406;

has protested a check drawn for compensation for a few days as

Senator, 406;

his speech, 406;

"time come when every citizen will have to decide for himself,

407;

Hampden's resistance of the payment of ship money, 407;

there is no dispute about the fact, and the case is neither a

first nor a solitary one, 407;

a war upon the currency of the constitution has been going on for

many years, 408;

the remedy of the present disgraceful state of things is the point

now to be attended to, 408;

here is a forced payment of paper, money, 408;"

offers a resolution, 408.

PAYNE, Mr., against the bill for the relief of Mrs. Harrison, 258.

PICKENS, F. W., on the repeal of the compromise tariff, 310.

PIERCE, FRANKLIN, on the bill for the relief of Mrs. Harrison, 260;

on the abuses of the Pension Act, 268.

POINSETT, JOEL R., Secretary at War, 9.

POLK, JAMES K., chosen Speaker of the House, 29;

elected President, 625.

_Administration_, the longest address of the kind yet delivered,

649;

our title to Oregon asserted as clear and indisputable, 649;

the return voice from London equally positive on the other side,

650;

the cabinet, 650;

neither Mr. Calhoun nor any of his friends would take office under

the administration, 650;

circumstances affecting the formation of the cabinet, 650;

message, 657;

Texas the leading topic, 657;

position of Mexico and the United States, 657;

causes of war against Mexico from injuries to our citizens, 657;

treaty of indemnity never complied with, 658;

the mission to Mexico, and the consequences of its failure, 658.

Negotiations relative to Oregon had come to a dead stand, 658;

state of the case, 658;

the finances and public debt, 658;

revision of the tariff recommended, 659;

revenue the object and protection to home industry the incident,

659.

Message at second session of the twenty-ninth Congress, 677;

greatly occupied with the Mexican war, 677;

the real beginning of the war, 678;

the conquered provinces governed under the law of nations, 678;

Mr. Benton's plan of conducting the war adopted, 678;

to carry the war straight to the city of Mexico, 678;

a higher rank than Major-General required to execute this plan,

678;

negotiation a part of the plan, 678;

Lieutenant-Generalship proposed, 678;

defeated in the Senate by Marcy, Walker, and Buchanan, 679;

overrules his cabinet relative to the conduct of the war with

Mexico, 693.

His message at first session of the thirteenth Congress, 703;

gratifying intelligence to communicate, 703;

commissioner sent with the army, 704;

operations of a female to secure the absorption of Mexico and the

assumption of her debts, 704;

extract from the message relative thereto, 704;

do. relative to the absorption of a part of Mexico, 704;

return to the line rejected from the message at a former session,

705;

reason, 705;

a wish of the slave interest, 705;

expenses of the government, 705;

the good working of the independent treasury system, 705;

special message on the slavery agitation, 712;

extract, 712.

Last message, 724;

extract relative to the Mexican war, 724;

remarks, 724;

extension of the Missouri Compromise recommended, 724;

various parties on the subject, 725;

finances, 725;

expenditures, 725;

decease of, 737;

first President put on the people without previous indication,

737;

faults of the administration, the faults of his cabinet, 737;

his will, 738;

the Mexican war, 738;

acquisition of Mexico, 738.

PORTER, ALEXANDER.--Decease of, 569;

eulogium by Col. Benton, 569;

early life, 569;

lawyer in lower Mississippi, 570;

Senator, 570;

his example, 570;

remarks, 571.

PORTER, COMMODORE.--Decease of, 491;

his career--an illustration of the benefits of the cruising

system, 491;

ardor for the service, 492;

the Essex frigate, 492;

her cruise towards the Grand Banks, 492;

capture of the Alert, 492;

cruise to Brazil, 493;

cruise in the Pacific Ocean, 493;

Valparaiso, 493;

prizes taken, 494, 495, 496;

capture of the Essex, 497;

end of the cruise, 498;

incidents of Porter's personal history, 498;

resignation, 498;

cause, 498;

features of his character, 499.

PORTER, JAMES MADISON.--Secretary at war, 579.

_Presidency._--Bold intrigue for. _See Texas annexation._

_Presidential election of 1840._--The candidates, 204;

availability sought for by the opposition, 204;

Clay not available, 204;

submits himself to a convention, 204;

rule of the convention, 204;

the process, 204;

an embittered contest foreseen, 205;

influence of the money power, 205;

mode of operating, 205;

inducements addressed to the people, 205;

mass conventions, 205;

one at Dayton, Ohio, 205;

description, 206;

election carried by storm, 206;

result, 206;

belief of fraudulent votes, 207.

_of 1844._--The candidates, 625;

the votes, 625;

the popular vote, 625;

causes of the difference in the popular vote, 626;

aid of Silas Wright, 626;

aid from the withdrawal of Mr. Tyler, 626.

_of 1848._--Proceedings of the Baltimore convention, 722;

difficulties in the convention, 722;

the candidates, 722;

a third convention at Buffalo, 723;

three principles laid down, 723;

remarks on the unfortunate acceptance of Van Buren, 723;

result, 723;

its moral, 724.

_Public Lands._--New States bound by contract not to interfere with

the primary disposition of the public lands, nor to tax them

while remaining unsold, nor for five years thereafter, 125.

_The Graduation Bill_, 126;

proposed for twelve years, 126;

reduction of price the principal feature, 126;

favorable auspices under which the bill comes, 126;

its original provisions, 126;

a measure emphatically for the benefit of the agricultural

interest, 126;

bill passed in the Senate and failed in the House, 126.

Pre-emptive system, 127;

to secure the privilege of first purchase to the settler on any

lands, 127;

moved to exclude unnaturalized foreigners from its benefits, 127;

remarks of Senator Benton, 127;

it proposes to make a distinction between aliens and citizens in

the acquisition of property, 127;

who are the aliens it was proposed to affect, 127;

motion rejected, 127;

bill passed, 127.

_Taxation of Public Land when sold._--Early sales on credit, 127;

time of exemption from taxation, 128;

change in 1821 to the cash system, 128;

modifications proposed, 128;

bill passed the Senate, 128.

PRESTON, WILLIAM, on the annexation of Texas, 94;

on the slavery resolutions, 139.

PRESTON, WILLIAM B., Secretary of the Navy, 737.

_Princeton Steamship_, explosion of her gun. (See explosion.)

PROFFIT, GEORGE H., His nomination rejected in the Senate 630.

_Recess Committees, refusal of the House to allow._--The

proposition, 304;

adopted, 304;

reconsideration moved, 304;

carried, 304;

laid on the table, 304;

a modification attempted, 304;

question raised on the words "to sit during recess," 305;

no warrant found in the constitution, 305;

practical reasons against it, 305;

laid on the table finally, 305.

_Revolt in Canada._--Its commencement, 276;

and progress, 276;

excitement on the border line, 276;

steps taken by the President, 277;

the fidelity and sternness with which all these lawless

expeditions were suppressed by Van Buren, 277;

he discharged all the duties required, 277;

neutral relations preserved in the most trying circumstances,

278;

whole affair over, but the difficulty revived by an unexpected

circumstance, 278;

stand made by insurgents on Navy Island, 278;

supplies carried by a small steamboat, 278;

attacked and destroyed when moored to the American shore, 278;

affidavit of the captain, 278;

report of the British officer, 279;

adds the crimes of impressment and abduction to all the other

enormities, 279;

state of the parties reversed, 279;

part of the United States now to complain, 279;

communication of Mr. Forsyth to Mr. Fox, 279;

message of President Van Buren to Congress, 279;

extracts, 279;

feeling in Congress, 280;

action of Congress, 280;

British government refrains from assuming the act, 280;

extract from Capt. Drew's report, 280;

reply of McNab to the letter of District Attorney Rogers, 280;

remarks of Mr. Fillmore on the reading of the letter, 281;

answer to our demand for redress, 281;

at near the close of Van Buren's administration the British

government had not assumed the act of Capt. Drew, and had

not answered for that act, 281;

inquiries in the House of Commons relative to it, 282;

an important event, 282;

arrest of McLeod, 282;

a demand from the British Minister for his release, 282;

extract, 282;

reply of the American Secretary, Mr. Forsyth, 283;

extract, 283;

British government takes its stand relative to the Caroline after

the Presidential election of 1840, 283;

queries in the House of Commons, 284;

remarks of Mr. Hume, 284;

admission of Palmerston, 284;

testimony of McNab, 285;

remarks, 285;

triumph of Palmerston policy, 286;

finale of the case, 286;

proceedings in the case, 286;

action of the administration, 286;

discussion in the House on this action, 287;

remarks of Mr. Ingersoll, 287;

"this in its national aspect is precisely the same as if it had

been perpetrated in a house," 287;

demand of the British, 287;

Mr. Fox's letter is a threatening one, 287;

a deplorable lapse from the position Mr. Webster first assumed,

288;

our position is false, lamentably false, 288;

never did man lose a greater occasion than Mr. Webster cast away,

288.

Success of the British Ministry in this experiment, 289;

another trial, 289;

Mr. Adams in defence of the administration, 289;

Mr. Cushing on the same side, 289;

remarks on their speeches, 290;

the case of the Poles and of the Hungarians, 290;

Butler's reply to Cushing, 290;

the fashion of the friends of Webster, 291.

Speech of Senator Benton, 291;

"the history of our country full of warning to those who take the

side of a foreign country against their own, 291;

humiliating to see Senators of eminent ability consulting books to

find passages to justify an outrage upon their own country,

292;

what is the case before us? 293;

a statement, 293;

further statement, 294;

a conclusive point settled, 294;

position of the British Ministry known on March 4th, 295;

action of the new administration, 295;

letter of Mr. Fox, 295;

instructions of Mr. Webster to the Attorney General, 295;

extract, 295;

proceedings of the Attorney General, 296;

duties of the Attorney General, 296;

the correctness and propriety of the answer given to Mr. Fox the

main point in the case, 297;

the instructions erroneous in point of law, derogatory to us in

point of character, and tending to the degradation of the

republic, 298;

the law of nations, 298;

derogatory to our character, 299;

example of Walpole's foreign policy, 300;

the instructions to the Attorney General most unfortunate and

deplorable, 300;

the letter to Mr. Fox from the Secretary of State, 301;

an unfortunate production, 301;

its faults fundamental and radical, 302;

abandonment of our claim, 302;

further remarks," 303, 304.

RIVES, WILLIAM C., in defence of the veto of the bank bill, 322;

on the disorder in the Senate gallery, 351-352.

RODGERS, COMMODORE, _decease of_.--His appearance, 144;

hero, by nature, 144;

sketch of his life, 144;

American cruisers in the last war, 145;

views of the Government on the employment of the public vessels,

145;

Rodgers opinion, 146;

his naval exploits, 146;

his humanity, 147;

feelings at the death of Decatur, 147;

death, 148.

_Salt._--Speech of Mr. Benton, 176;

perhaps the most abundant substance of the earth, 176;

the universality of the tax on it, 177;

a salt tax was not only politically, but morally wrong, 177;

a tax upon the entire economy of nature and art, 177;

determination to effect its repeal, 178.

SANTA ANNA.--His remark relative to Commander McKenzie.

_His downfall._--His return expected to secure a peace with

Mexico, 709;

the sword, and not the olive branch, returned to Mexico, 709;

capture of Mexico put an end to his career, 710;

in three months, the treaty signed, 710;

the acquisitions, 710;

the payments, 710;

a singular conclusion of the war, 710;

the treaty a fortunate event, 710;

manner in which those who served the Government fared, 711.

SAUNDERS, ROMULUS M., moves the adoption of the two-thirds rule in

the democratic convention, 591.

SCHLOSSER, Harbor of the steamboat Caroline, 278.

SEWARD'S, WILLIAM H., answer to the interrogatories of an

anti-slavery meeting, 776.

SLADE, WILLIAM, on abolition petitions, 150.

_Slavery agitation, progress of._--Movements for and against

slavery, in the session of 1837-'38, 134;

memorial from Vermont against the annexation of Texas, and for the

abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, 134;

petitions, &c., 134;

little excuse, 134;

state of the case, 134;

residence of the petitioners, 134;

subject of the petitions disagreeable, 134;

leading to an inevitable separation of the States, 134;

remarks of Mr. Calhoun, 134;

question on the most judicious mode of treating these memorials,

135;

the course adopted, to lay the question of reception on the

table, 135;

Calhoun endeavors to obtain, from the Senate, declarations which

should cover all the questions of federal power over the

institution of slavery, 135;

his resolutions, 135;

the fifth, 135;

the dogma of "no power in Congress to legislate upon the existence

of slavery in territories," had not then been invented, 135;

reference to the Missouri Compromise line, 136;

Calhoun's remarks on this compromise, 136;

remarks, 136;

Clay's substitute, 137;

further proceedings, 137;

repugnance of the Senate to the movement, 138;

remarks of senators on the tendency of the resolutions to

aggravate the excitement, 138;

justification of Calhoun, 139;

action of the Senate and the House, 140;

the important part of the debate, 140;

remarks on Calhoun's views of the Missouri Compromise, 140.

Remarks of Calhoun on the ordinance of 1787, in the Oregon bill,

141;

three propositions laid down by him, 141;

their conflict with the power exercised by Congress,

in the establishment of the Missouri Compromise, 141;

his views in the Cabinet, 141;

old writings produced, 141;

denial of Mr. Calhoun that Monroe's Cabinet was consulted on the

subject, 142;

circumstances favoring the denial, 142;

views of Calhoun in 1820, in 1837-'38, and in 1847-'48, 142;

changes in his opinions on the constitutional power of Congress,

143;

remarks, 143;

records of the Department of State, 143.

In the House, a most angry and portentous debate, 150;

motion on the subject of petitions and memorials, 150;

manner in which it is advocated, 150;

course of Mr. Slade, 150;

suggestion of Legare, 150;

excited action of the House, 150;

further excitement, Wise requests his colleagues to retire with

him, 151;

the invitation renewed by Rhett, 151;

McKay interposes the objection that heads Slade, 151;

question on leave taken, 152;

adjournment moved and carried, 152.

Invitation to Southern members to meet together, 152;

the meeting, 152;

result, 153;

amendment of the rules, 153;

vote, 153;

remarks, 154;

prominent members for the petitions, 154.

_Abolitionists classified by Mr. Clay._--Speech of Mr. Clay, 154;

"the most judicious course to be pursued with abolition petitions,

154;

difference in the form of proceeding, 155;

three classes of persons opposed to the continued existence of

slavery, 155;

the attempt to array one section of the Union against another, 155;

the means employed for the end, 156;

the spirit of abolitionism has displayed itself at three epochs of

our history, 156;

further remarks, 156."

Calhoun's resolutions, 696;

the real point of complaint, 696;

speech of Mr. Calhoun, 696;

extract, 696;

never voted upon, 697;

"firebrand," 697;

commencement of the slavery agitation founded upon the dogma of

"no power in Congress to legislate upon slavery in the

territories," 697;

position of Mr. Calhoun up to this time, 697;

further remarks, 697;

the resolutions characterized

as nullification, 697.

_Disunion_ letter of Mr. Calhoun to a member of the Alabama

Legislature, 698;

disavows the design of a dissolution of the Union, and at the

same time proves it, 698;

opening paragraph, 698;

"_to force_ the issue," 698;

notices the act of the Pennsylvania Legislature, 698;

his secret views of the Wilmot proviso, 699;

measures of retaliation suggested, 699; further extracts, 700;

a further feature in the plan of forcing the issue, 700;

a Southern Convention, 700;

the letter furnishes the key to unlock Calhoun's whole system of

slavery agitation, 700.

Special message of President Polk, 712;

a delusive calculation, 713;

a new dogma invented, 713;

the slavery part of the Constitution extends itself to

territories, 713;

broached by Mr. Calhoun, 713;

remarks, 714;

remarks of Mr. Calhoun on the Missouri case, 714;

his error exposed, 714;

passed by the South, 714;

remarks of Mr. Calhoun on the dissolution of the Union, 715;

remarks of Mr. Benton, 715.

_Extension of the Constitution._--The territories without a

government, 729;

motion of Mr. Walker of Wisconsin as an amendment to the

appropriation bill, 729;

a disorderly motion, 729;

an amendment inserting an extension of the Constitution, 729;

remarks of Mr. Webster, 729;

reply of Mr. Calhoun, 730;

the Constitution made for States, not Territories, 731;

examination of Calhoun's position, 731;

debate takes a slavery turn, 732;

bill passed after midnight on the last day of the session, 732;

declining to vote, 732;

remarks, 732;

"forcing the issue," 733.

Nightly meetings of members from the slave States, 733;

Calhoun at the bottom of the movement, 733;

his manifesto superseded by a new address in the grand committee,

733;

replaced, 733;

changed from the original draft, 734;

saluted as the second Declaration of Independence, 734;

remarks, 734;

extracts, 734;

emancipation held to be certain, if not prevented, 735;

the means of prevention, 735;

takes the attitude of self-defence, 735;

further contents of the manifesto, 736;

last speech of Mr. Calhoun, 744;

read by Mr. Mason, 744;

first cause of the slavery disease, the ordinance of 1787, 744;

the second, the Missouri Compromise, 744;

third, slavery agitation, 744;

history of the agitation, 744;

process of disruption going on, 745;

successive blows required to snap the cords asunder, 745;

extract, 745;

the last cord, 746;

extracts, 746;

the remedy, 746.

_Slaves, American, liberation of in British Colonies._--Three

instances of this kind had occurred, 182;

details of each, 182;

redress obtained from Great Britain in the first two cases, 182;

resolution offered on the subject by Mr. Calhoun, 182;

can a municipal regulation of Great Britain alter the law of

nations? 183;

Calhoun's argument, 183;

referred, 183.

_Slaves, Fugitive._--History of the slave recovery clause, 773;

act of 1793, 773;

third section, 773;

a fair interpretation of the Constitution, 773;

the penal section, 774;

the law of Pennsylvania, 774, 777;

the act of New York, 775;

Marcy's reply to an anti-slavery meeting, 775;

Seward's reply to the interrogatories of the same meeting, 776;

sentence on a citizen of Maryland for recapturing his slave in

Pennsylvania, 778;

decision of the Supreme Court, 778;

a bill reported on the subject of fugitive slaves, 778;

proviso in favor of a jury trial rejected, 779;

sentiments of Mr. Cass, 779;

further remarks, 780.

SMITH, GEN. SAMUEL, decease of, 176;

forty years in Congress, 176;

industry, 176;

punctuality, 176;

characteristics, 176;

long life and service, 176.

SMITH, WILLIAM, declines the appointment of Judge of the Supreme

Court, 9.

_Somers, Brig, alleged Mutiny on Board._--Manner of entering the

harbor of New York, 523;

astonishment of the public at the news, 523;

the vessel and her crew, 523;

how first communicated, 523;

ridicule the only answer first given, 524;

further relative to the first discovery, 524, 525;

means for arrest of the suspected, 525;

the arrest, 516;

treatment, 526;

evidences sought for, 527;

further arrests, 528;

the turning point of the case, 529;

suspicious circumstances, 530;

interrogatories, 530;

facts, 531;

treatment of the prisoners, 532;

the handspike sign, 532;

missing their muster, 533;

the African knife, 533;

the battle-axe alarm, 534;

letter of the commander to the officers, 534;

council of officers, 535;

testimony before the council, 535;

incidental circumstances, 536;

new arrests, 537;

the way in which three men were doomed to death, 537;

trial of Governor Wall at Old Bailey, 537;

further proceedings, 538, 539;

informing the prisoners of their fate, 540;

their conduct, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545;

the executions, 546;

report of the confessions false upon its face, 547;

the cases of Small and Cromwell, 548;

death and innocence of the men, 549;

conclusion of the execution, 549;

speech of the commander, 550;

speech on the Sunday following, 551;

the letter in the Bible, 551;

four men in irons, 551;

interval after the execution, 552;

evidence of Gansevoort, 552;

conclusion of the report, 553;

the purser's steward, 554;

Sergeant Garty, 555;

the commander's clerk, 556;

recommendations for reward and promotion, 556;

proceedings of the court-martial, 557;

precipitation, 557;

the reason, 557;

the composition of the court, 558;

end of the prosecutions, 559.

The real design of Spencer, 559;

the case of Lieut. Col. Wall of the British service, 560;

subsequent career of Commander Mackenzie, 561;

remark of Santa Anna, 561;

the work of fourteen years, 561.

_South Sea scheme_, its origin, and pretensions, 378.

_Specie circular_, its issue, 14.

SPENCER, JOHN C., Secretary of War, 356;

Secretary of the Treasury, 569.

STRANGE, ROBERT, on the slavery resolutions, 139.

STUART, A. H., on the veto of the provisional tariff, 415; Secretary

of the Interior, 768.

_Supreme Court._--Its Judges, Clerk, Attorney Generals, Reporters,

and Marshals, during the period from 1820, to 1850, 787.

TAPPAN, BENJAMIN, vindicates the martial law at New Orleans, 500;

statement of the declarations of Mr. Polk, relative to the mode of

Texas annexation, 636.

_Tariff, specific duties abolished by the Compromise._--Distinction

between specific and ad valorem duties, 189;

statements relative to the practical operation of the ad valorem

system, 189;

examples of injurious operation, 189;

losses in four years on three classes of staple goods, 189.

_Sugar and Rum drawbacks, their abuse._--Motion for leave to bring

in a bill to reduce the drawbacks allowed on sugar and rum,

190;

Benton's objections to the act of 1833, 190;

facts relative to the drawback on sugar, 191;

operation of the act on the sugar duties, 191;

tables, 191, 192;

effect of the compromise act on the article of rum, 193.

_Fishing Bounties and their allowance._--Motion for leave to

introduce a bill to reduce the fishing bounties, &c., 194;

it is asked whether these allowances are founded on the salt duty,

and should rise or fall with it, 194;

proofs,--;

the original petition and acts of Congress, 194;

numerous acts referred to, 194, 195;

defects of the compromise act, 196;

mischiefs resulting from the act, 197;

the whole revenue of sugar, salt, and molasses, is delivered over

annually to a few persons in the United States, 197;

amount taken under these bounties, 198.

_Tariff Compromise, infringement of._--Errors of opinions respecting

the act of 1833, 307;

agency of John M. Clayton and Robert P. Letcher, 307;

composed of two parts, 307;

neither lived out its allotted time, 307;

regulation of the tariff taken out of the hands of the Government

by a coalition between Mr. Clay and Mr. Calhoun, and a bill

concocted as vicious in principle as it was selfish and

unparliamentary in its conception and execution, 308;

foresight of the results, 308;

a cry of danger to the Union carried it, 308;

calls of the Secretary of the Treasury for loans, 308;

revenue expected under the reduced duties of the compromise on

half what was needed, 308;

statement of Mr. Fillmore, 308;

proposed to abrogate the compromise, 309;

complaints of the opposition, 309;

remarks of Mr. Gilmer, 309;

the compromise contemplated only revenue duties, 309;

it is said the law is not binding, 309;

wait until sufficient information is obtained to enable us to act

judiciously, 309;

Ingersoll's sarcastic taunts of the two chiefs of the compromise,

310;

Pickens' remarks against the abrogation of the compromise, 310;

passage of the new bill through the House, 311;

cost of collecting ad valorem duties, 311.

Bill in the Senate, 311;

Clay proposes to go on with the bill, 311;

Calhoun proposes to delay a few days, 311;

remarks, 311, 312;

remarks of Mr. Benton, 312;

the present occasion illustrated the vicious and debauching

distribution schemes, 312;

motion to include sumach in the dutiable articles, 312;

remarks of Clay, 313;

reply of Calhoun, 313;

origin of the term Whig in this country, 314;

duty imposed on sumach, 315.

Proposed to make salt a free article, 315;

annihilate the American works engaged in the manufacture, 315;

affects two great portions of the community in a very different

manner, 315;

the consumers of the domestic and the imported article, 315;

amount of revenue collected from salt, 316;

the whole system will have to be revised, 316;

the universality of its use is a reason for its taxation, 316;

vote on, 316;

a combination of interests

has kept up the tax, 316;

amount of revenue from the duty, 316.

Moved to exempt tea and coffee, 316;

carried, 316;

bill passed on the general ground that the Government must have

revenue, 316;

defect of the compromise in making no provision for the reduction

of drawbacks on sugars, &c., 316;

attempts to amend and failure, 317;

carried in the present bill, 317;

the bounty to the fisheries claimed as a right, 317;

further remarks, 317.

Low state of the treasury and the credit of the Government, 413;

the result of three measures forced upon the previous

administration by the opposition, and the aid of temporizing

friends, 413;

these measures, the compromise act, the distribution of the

surplus revenue, and the surrender of the land revenue to

the States, 413;

remarks, 413;

a retributive justice in this calamitous visitation, 413;

it fell upon the authors of the measure, 413;

a _provisional_ tariff passed, 414;

vetoed, 414;

reasons, 414;

remarks, 414;

deplorable condition of the administration, 414;

remarks of Fillmore on the endeavor of the President to get back,

even temporarily, the land revenue, 415;

Stuart asserts that the land distribution bill was an intended

part of the compromise from the beginning, 415;

extract, 415;

remarks of Carruthers, 416;

second bill, similar to the first, passed and vetoed, 416;

veto referred to a Committee of Thirteen, 416;

three reports, 416;

extract, 416;

the compromise and the land distribution were the

stumbling-blocks, 417;

both sacrificed together, 417;

manner in which it was done, 417.

TAYLOR, ZACHARY, candidate for President, 722;

elected, 723;

his inauguration, 737;

his cabinet,--; his message, 740;

dangers of the Union, 740;

the claim of Texas, 740;

governments for the territories, 741;

reference to 741;

remark of Calhoun, 741;

Cuba, 741;

denunciation of unlawful expeditions, 741.

Decease of, 765;

occasion of his death, 765;

first President elected on a reputation purely military, 765;

deficiency of political wisdom, 765;

the Texas boundary, 765;

his death a public calamity, 765.

_Texas, proposed annexation of._--Application of that republic, 94;

an insuperable objection, 94;

Texas was at war with Mexico, and to annex her was to annex the

war, 94;

resolution for a legislative expression in favor of the measure,

as a basis for a tripartite treaty, 94;

remarks of Mr. Preston, 94;

"the lead taken by Texas, 95;

all hostile purposes and ill-temper towards Mexico disavowed, 95;

the treaty of 1819 a great oversight, 95;

a mistake of the committee, 95;

it is supposed there is a sort of political impossibility

resulting from the nature of things to effect the proposed

union, 96;

there is no point of view in which any proposition for annexation

can be considered, that any serious obstacle in point of

form presents itself," 96;

resolution laid on the table, 97.

_Presidential Intrigue._--Letter of Mr. Gilmer, in a Baltimore

newspaper, urging immediate annexation as necessary to

forestall the designs of Great Britain, 581;

these alleged designs, 581;

no signs, 581;

nothing in the position of Mr. Gilmer to make him a prime mover,

581;

a counterpart of the movement of Mr. Calhoun in the Senate of

1836, 582;

finger of Mr. Calhoun suspected, 582;

its progress, 582;

Webster inflexibly opposed, accosting of Aaron V. Brown, 582;

reply of Senator Benton, 582.

Letter from General Jackson in the Richmond Enquirer, 583;

history of this letter, 583;

Calhoun a candidate for the Presidency in 1841-2, 583;

annexation the issue, 583;

importance of the favor of General Jackson to secure the success

of the scheme, 583;

manner of approaching him, 583;

its success, 584;

mediums of transmission of Gilmer's letter, 584;

Jackson's answer sent to Brown, 584;

delivered to Gilmer, 584;

his expressions in the capitol, 584;

the state of the game, 584;

object now to gain time before the meeting of the convention, 585;

the Whigs induced to postpone their convention, 585;

discovery of the movements, 586;

denounced, 586;

explosion of the great gun on board the Princeton, 586;

the publication of Jackson's letter with change of date, 587;

interrogation of the candidates, 587;

reply of Van Buren, 587;

position of Calhoun, 587;

position of Mr. Clay, 587;

steps taken to obtain Van Buren's answer, 588;

necessity to obtain something from London to bolster up the

accusation of that formidable abolition plot which Great

Britain was hatching, 589;

the manner in which it was accomplished, 589;

Calhoun's letter to Lord Aberdeen, 589;

annexation conducted with a double aspect, 590;

failure of the annexation intrigue for the Presidency, 590;

further developments, 590;

position of the candidates, 590.

_See Democratic Convention._

_Secret Negotiation._--A paragraph in the President's message,

599;

intended to break the way for the production of a treaty of

annexation covertly conceived and carried on with all the

features of an intrigue, 600;

its adoption to be forced for the purpose of increasing the area

of slavery, or to make its rejection a cause of disunion,

600;

the scheme presents one of the most instructive lessons of the

workings of our government, 600;

early views of Mr. Calhoun contrasted with his later ones, 600.

Speech of Senator Benton, 600;

"a map and memoir sent to the Senate, 600;

let us look at our new and important proposed acquisitions, 601;

the treaty in all that relates to the Rio Grande is an act of

unparalleled outrage on Mexico, 602;

the President says we have acquired a title by his signature to

the treaty, wanting only the action of the Senate to

perfect it, 602;

war with Mexico is a design and an object with it from the

beginning, 602;

another evidence the letter of the present Secretary of State to

Mr. Green, 602;

the war is begun, 603;

and by orders issued from the President, 603;

the unconstitutionally of the war with Mexico, 603;

its injustice, 603;

this movement founded on a weak and groundless pretext, 604;

resolution relative to the author of a private letter, 605;

the letter of the Secretary of State to Mr. Murphy, 605;

commencement of the plan, 606;

details in its progress, 606, 607;

treaty sent to the Senate and delayed forty days, 608;

reasons, 608;

the messenger to Mexico, 609;

instructions, 609, 610;

disavowal of Great Britain of all designs against slavery in

Texas, 611;

Southern men deprived us of Texas and made it

non-slaveholding in 1819, 612;

object of Mr. Tyler," 613.

_Texas or Disunion._--The projected convention at Nashville, 613;

a strange collection anticipated, 613;

what if disunion should appear there, 613;

nullification and disunion are revived, and revived under

circumstances which menace more danger than ever, 614;

intrigue and speculation co-operate, but disunion is at the

bottom, 614;

secession is the more cunning method of dissolving the Union,

614;

the intrigue for the Presidency was the first act of the drama,

the dissolution of the Union the second, 615;

the rejected treaty compared to the slain Cæsar, 615;

the lesson of history, 615;

all elective governments must fail unless elections can be taken

out of the hands of politicians and restored to the people,

616.

_Violent Demonstrations in the South._--Soon as the treaty was

rejected and the nominating convention had acted, the

disunion aspect manifested itself, 616;

the meeting at Ashley, in Barnwell district, 616;

views of the meeting, 616;

resolutions, 617;

meeting at Beaufort, 617;

resolutions, 617;

meeting in Williamsburg district, S. C., 617;

Texas or disunion the standing toast, 617;

general convention at Richmond and at Nashville spoken of, 617;

repelled by citizens of those cities, 617;

counter meeting at Nashville, 617;

resolutions, 618;

the movement brought to a stand, its leaders paralyzed, and the

disunion scheme suppressed for the time, 618.

_Rejection of the Treaty._--Rejected by a vote of two to one

against it, 619;

the vote, 619;

annexation desirable, 619;

bill introduced by Mr. Benton to authorize the President to open

negotiations with Mexico and Texas, 619;

speech, 619;

an honest mass desire to get back Texas, 620;

the wantonness of getting up a quarrel with Great Britain exposed,

620;

the course of Mr. Calhoun, 621;

the folly of any apprehension shown by the interest which Great

Britain has in the commerce of Mexico, 621;

the magnitude and importance of our growing trade with Mexico, the

certainty that her carrying trade will fall into our hands,

&c., are reasons for the cultivation of peace with her, 621;

political and social considerations and a regard for the character

of republican government, were solid reasons for the

annexation without breaking peace with Mexico, 622;

remarks on the course of annexation, 623;

resolutions offered by Mr. Benton, 623, 624.

_Legislative admission of._--Words of the joint resolution, 632;

the anomaly presenting free and slave territory in the same State,

632;

passed, 633;

members from both sections voted for these resolutions, and

thereby asserted the right of Congress to legislate on

slavery in territories, 633;

resolutions sent to the Senate, 633;

gratification of Mr. Buchanan with them, 633;

his remarks, 633;

the Missouri Compromise line, 633;

solid ground upon which the Union rested, 634;

Mr. Benton's bill, 634;

his remarks on the bill, 634;

the joint resolution from the House and the bill of the Senate

combined, and the President authorized to act under them

as he thought best, 635;

Missouri Compromise reaffirmed, 636;

astonishment of Congress to hear that Tyler had undertaken the

execution of the act, 636;

views and purposes of President Polk, 636;

statement of Mr. Tappan, 636;

statement of Mr. Blair, 637;

the possibility that Mr. Calhoun would cause Mr. Tyler to

undertake the execution of the act repulsed as an impossible

infamy, 638;

remarks of Senators, 638;

the results, 638.

_Thirty Years' View._--Concluding remarks, 787.

THOMAS, FRANCIS, on the Pension act of 1837, 269.

THOMPSON, R. W., reply to Mr. Cushing, 505.

TRIST, NICHOLAS P., Commissioner to Mexico, 704.

TYLER, JOHN, candidate for the Vice-Presidency, 204.

_Administration._--His absence in Virginia, 211;

interregnum in the government, 211;

repairs to Washington, takes the oath and reappoints the Cabinet,

211;

address in the nature of an inaugural issued, 211;

remarks on his predecessor, 211;

two blemishes seen in the paragraph, 212;

other points of bad taste, 212;

another extract, 212;

remarks, 212;

extract relative to a bank, 212;

circumstances and declarations which led to an inference of his

opinion relative to a bank, 213.

Message, 215;

grant of money to President Harrison's family recommended, 215;

considered without the pale of the constitution and of dangerous

precedent, 215;

Harrison's fidelity, 216;

Congress would not have been called by President Tyler, 216;

compromise of 1833, 216;

remarks, 216;

fiscal agent recommended, 217;

Hamilton's reasons for a national bank, 217;

a grant of money to the States recommended, 217;

extract, 217;

the President's early views on the constitution, 218;

change, 218;

remarks, 218;

programme of measures in the form of a resolve offered by Mr.

Clay, 219;

remark of Mr. Cushing, 219.

_Resignation of the Cabinet._--Occurred two days after the

second veto message, 353;

the impelling circumstance a letter, 353;

allusion to this letter by Mr. Ewing, 354;

reasons of the resignation, 354;

statement of Mr. Ewing, 354;

statement of Mr. Badger, 354;

statement of Mr. Bell, 355;

statement of Mr. Crittenden, 356;

Webster's reasons for not resigning his seat in President Tyler's

Cabinet, 356;

influences upon Webster, 356;

new Cabinet, 356.

_Repudiated by the Whig Party._--Denounced in both Houses of

Congress, 357;

formal meeting of the Whigs, 357;

resolutions, 357;

report of Committee, 357;

how cherished hopes were frustrated, 357;

extract, 357;

loss by the conduct of the President, 358;

what is to be the conduct of the party in such unexpected and

disastrous circumstances? 358;

establish a permanent separation of the Whig party from Mr. Tyler,

359;

course recommended to be pursued, 359;

a new victory promised at the next election, 359;

manifesto announced by Mr. Cushing by a counter manifesto, 359;

justification of the President for changing his course on the

fiscal corporation bill, 359;

thrust at Mr. Clay, 359;

the design, 360;

relations of Clay and Webster, 360;

extracts from Cushing's manifesto, 360;

interest of the President in the second bill, 361;

further details, 361;

the results, 362.

_End and results of the Extra Session._--Replete with disappointed

expectations and nearly barren of permanent results, 372;

defection of Mr. Tyler not foreseen, 373;

repealability the only remedy thought of, for the law creating a

bank, 373;

other acts of the session, 373;

three only remain, 377;

a triumphant session to the democracy, 373.

_First Annual Message._--Acquittal of McLeod the first subject

mentioned, 373;

remarks on the Caroline, 374:

condition of the finances, 374;

new plan of a fiscality, 374;

remarks of Mr. Benton on this plan, 375;

reference to the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 376.

_Separation from the Whig Party._--Effort to detach the Whig

party from Mr. Clay, 417;

its failure, 418;

impeachment suggested, 418;

the protest of Mr. Tyler, 418;

difference from the case of General Jackson, 418;

remarks of Mr. Adams, 418;

remarks of Mr. Botts, 419;

introduces resolutions of the Senate in 1834 on the case of

President Jackson, 419;

passage in the House, 419.

_Message at the Session 1842-3._--The treaty with Great Britain

the prominent topic of the forepart of it, 460;

in public opinion it was really a British treaty, 460;

important subjects omitted, 460;

the Oregon Territory, 460;

excuses in the Message for omitting to settle it, 460;

extract, 460;

the excuse lame and insufficient, 460;

termination of the Florida war, 461;

a government bank a prominent object and engrossing feature, 461;

its features, 461;

impossible to carry a passion for paper money farther than

President Tyler did, 461;

the low state of the public credit, the impossibility of making a

loan, and the empty state of the Treasury, were the next

topics, 462;

extract, 462;

the low and miserable condition to which the public credit had

sunk at home and abroad, 462;

remarks, 463.

Second Annual Message, 565;

remarks on the Oregon territorial boundary, 565;

error of the Message in saying the United States had always

contended for 54° 40' as the limit, 565;

always offered the parallel of 49°, 566;

prospective war with Mexico shadowed forth, 566;

reference to the exchequer scheme, 566;

regret at its rejection, 566;

extract, 566;

his sighings and longings for a national paper currency, 567;

reconstruction of his Cabinet, 569.

_The President and Senate._--Mr. Tyler without a party, 629;

incessant rejection of his nominations by the Senate, and the

pertinacity of their renewal, 629;

case of Mr. Cushing, 629;

the case of Mr. Wise, 630;

the case of George H. Proffit, 630;

case of David Henshaw, 630.

_His last message._--Texas was the prominent topic of this

message, 631;

Mr. Calhoun the master-spirit, 631;

speculations gave the spirit in which the Texas movement was

conducted, 631;

conduct and aspect towards Mexico, 631.

UNDERWOOD, JOSEPH R., on the bill for the relief of Mrs. Harrison,

259.

UPSHUR, ABEL P., Secretary of the Navy, 356;

Secretary of State, 562;

killed on board the Princeton, 568.

_Van Buren's Administration._--Inauguration, 7;

subjects of his address, 7;

extract relative to the foreign policy of the country, 7;

remarks, 7;

the subject of slavery, 8;

remarks of the inaugural upon, 8;

declaration to sanction no bill which proposed to interfere with

Slavery in the States, or to abolish it in the District of

Columbia while it existed in the adjacent States, 9;

the only point of fear at this time, 9;

the Cabinet, 9;

extra session of Congress, 29;

the Message, 29;

good effects of the specie order, 30;

objections to any bank of the United States, 30;

total and perpetual dissolution of the government from all

connection with banks, 30;

remarks on the recent failure of all the banks, 30;

the foundation of the Independent Treasury, 31;

recommended to subject the banks to the process of bankruptcy,

31;

four cardinal recommendations, 31;

cause of the extra session stated, 31;

recommendation, 31.

_Attacks on the Message._--The answers to Messages in former days,

32;

the change when made, 32;

its effects, 32;

assaults upon the message under thirty-two heads, equal to the

points of the compass, 33;

assailants, 33;

defenders of the administration, 33;

the treasury note bill, 33;

remarks of Mr. Webster, 33;

paper money, 33;

remarks of Mr. Benton, 34;

extracts, 34;

neither a paper money bill nor a bill to lay the foundation for a

national debt, 34;

treasury notes for circulation and treasury notes for investment,

34;

their distinctive features, 34;

such issues of dangerous tendency, 34;

passed the Senate, 35;

in the House notes reduced to $50, 35;

in the Senate motion to restore amount to $100, remarks of Mr.

Clay in favor, 35;

charged as being a government bank, 35;

remarks of Mr. Webster, 36;

motion lost, 36.

First regular session, 65;

the message, 65;

confined to home affairs, 65;

resurrection notes, 65;

extract from the message on this point, 66;

graduated prices recommended for the public lands, 66;

a prospective pre-emption act, 66;

extract, 66;

subsequently adopted, 67.

Message at first session of the twenty-sixth Congress, 162;

extracts, 162;

other motives than a want of confidence under which the banks seek

to justify themselves, 162;

dangerous nature of the whole banking system, from its chain of

mutual dependence and connection, 162;

a financial crisis commencing in London extends immediately to our

great Atlantic cities, 162;

extracts, 163;

the disconnection produced by the delinquencies of the banks, 163;

beneficial operation of the pre-emption system, 163;

effect of renewed negotiations with the Florida Indians, 164.

Conclusion, 207;

measures of his administration, and their effect, 207;

general harmony, 207;

no offence given to North or South, 207;

bank suspensions, 207;

insurrection in Canada, 207;

case of the Caroline, 208;

increase of votes in his favor over the first election, 208;

candidate for the Presidency, 203;

candidate for President, 723.

_Vote_ on the hard money clause of the independent treasury bill,

124;

do. on the bill, 125;

on Clay's substitute slavery resolution, 137;

on the rule relative to abolition petitions, 153;

on the Speaker, 161;

relative to distribution of the land revenue, 172;

on the repeal of the Sub-treasury, 220;

on the bankrupt bill, 229;

on the distribution bill, 245, 246;

on the hour rule in the House, 247;

on the bill for the relief of Mrs. Harrison, 259-262;

on the motion to repeal the pension act of 1837, 267;

on the action of the Administration in the McLeod affair, 291;

on making salt free, 316; on the vetoed bank bill, 328;

on the amendments to the second bill, 338, 339, 340;

on short exchange bills, 341;

on the resolutions of the Senate on the protest of Gen. Jackson as

applied to the protest of President Tyler, 419;

on the increase of the navy, 455;

on the Oregon settlement bill, 477;

on the motion to give notice to terminate the joint occupation of

Oregon, 625;

on the resolution admitting Texas, 635;

to terminate the joint occupation of Oregon, 674;

of the Senate on the request of the President, for advice relative

to Oregon, 676;

on the Oregon treaty, 676;

on Douglass's motion to extend the Missouri compromise line, 711;

on the resolution of Mr. Clay relative to New Mexico, 744;

on the admission of California, 769.

WALKER, PERCY, on the disturbance in the Senate gallery, 352.

WALKER, ROBERT J., Secretary of the Treasury, 650.

_War with Mexico: its cause._--Calhoun the author of the war, 639;

the Senator from South Carolina in his effort to throw the blame

of the war upon the President, goes no further back in

search for causes than the march on the Rio Grande, 640;

the cession of Texas to Spain is the beginning point in the chain

of causes that led to this war, 640;

direct proofs of the Senator's authorship of the war, 641;

ten years ago he was for plunging us in instant war, 641;

the peace of the country was then saved, but it was a respite

only, 641;

Congress of 1836 would not admit Texas, 642;

the letter of the Texan minister reveals the true state of the

Texan question in January, 1844, and the conduct of all

parties in relation to it, 642;

the promise was clear and explicit to lend the army and navy to

the President of Texas to fight the Mexicans, while they

were at peace with us, 643;

detachments sent to the frontier, 643;

honor required us to fight for Texas if we intrigued her into a

war, 643;

the treaty of annexation was signed, and in signing it the

Secretary knew that he had made war with Mexico, 644;

the alternative resolutions adopted by Congress in the last days

of the session of 1844-45, and in the last moments of Mr.

Tyler's administration, 645;

instructions to newspapers, 647;

authorship of the war, 647;

further remarks, 649.

Commencement of hostilities, 679;

effect of the hostilities, 679;

country fired for war, 679;

Calhoun opposed to the war, although his conduct had produced it,

679;

claims upon Mexico and speculations in Texas land scrip were a

motive with some to urge on a war, 680;

it was said the war would close in ninety or one hundred and

twenty days, 680;

an intrigue laid for peace before the war was declared, 680;

the return of the exiled chief Santa Anna, 680;

a secret that leaked out, 680;

the manner, 680;

explanation of the President, 681;

two millions asked of Congress as a means to terminate the war,

681;

extract from the confidential message, 681;

this intrigue for peace a part of the war, 682;

an infinitely silly conception, 682;

consequences of Santa Anna's return, 682.

_Conquest of New Mexico._--Conquered without firing a gun, 683;

how it was done, 683;

details, 683;

the after-clap, 683;

cause and results of the insurrection, 683;

career of Magaffin, 683;

his services and final escape, 684;

his reward, and the manner of obtaining it, 684.

_Doniphan's Expedition._--Address of Col. Benton to the returning

volunteers, 684;

the wonderful march, 685;

meeting and parting with savage tribes, 685;

the march upon Chihuahua, 685;

its capture, 686;

the starting point of a new expedition, 686;

the march to Monterey, 686;

the march to Matamoras, 687;

the expedition made without Government orders, 687;

advice of

Senator Benton to the President, 687;

not a regular bred officer among them, 688.

Senator Benton looks over the President's message at the latter's

request, 693;

objects to the recommendation to cease the active prosecution of

the war, 693;

reasons of the objection, 693;

the project had been adopted in the cabinet, 693;

Mr. Benton meets with the cabinet, 693;

cabinet obstinate, 693;

the President overrules them, 693;

reading of the message in the Senate, 694;

Mr. Calhoun mystified, 694;

Mr. Calhoun's proposed line of occupation, 694.

WEBSTER, DANIEL, his reception in New York, 12;

his speech at New York, 13;

on the Treasury note bill, 33;

on the deposit act, 36;

on bank resumption, 84;

Secretary of State, 209;

his letter to Senators Choate and Bates respecting President

Tyler's views of the second bank bill, 348;

reasons for not resigning his seat in President Tyler's Cabinet,

356;

retires from Tyler's Cabinet, 562;

the progress of the scheme for the annexation of Texas, 562;

Webster an obstacle to the negotiation, 562;

a middle course fallen upon to get rid of him, 562;

resigns, 562;

on extending the constitution to territories, 730, 731;

Secretary of State, 768.

WHITE, HUGH LAWSON, his resignation, 184;

occasion, 184;

birth and career, 184;

closing of his career, 184;

his death, 184;

eulogium, 185;

reason of his losing favor at home, 185;

influence upon Mrs. White, 185;

remark of a member of Congress, 185;

remarks, 185.

_Whig._--Adoption of the name by a party in this country, 314;

manifesto against Mr. Tyler, 357.

WICKLIFFE, CHARLES A., Postmaster, 356;

Postmaster General, 569.

WILKINS, WILLIAM, Secretary at War, 569.

WILLIAMS, LEWIS, decease of, 396;

character, 396;

Adams's motion of funeral honors to his memory, 396;

Clay's motion of funeral honors to his memory in the Senate, 396;

the father of the House, 397.

WILLIAMS, RUEL, moves to repeal the pension act of 1837, 266.

_Wilmot Proviso._--Measures taken to obtain peace with Mexico, 694;

three millions asked for to negotiate a boundary and acquire

additional territory, 694;

Wilmot proviso moved, 695;

an unnecessary measure, 695;

answer no purpose but to bring on a slavery agitation, 695;

seized upon by Mr. Calhoun, 695;

slavery agitation a game played by the abolitionists on one side,

and disunionists on the other, 695;

letter of Mr. Calhoun, 695;

proviso not passed, 696.

WINTHROP, ROBERT C., chosen Speaker, 703;

raises the question of reception of the protest of Southern

Senators on the admission of California, 770.

WISE, HENRY A., his nomination rejected in the Senate, 630.

WOODBURY, LEVI, Secretary of the Treasury, 9;

on the bill for the relief of Mrs. Harrison, 260;

on naval expenditures, 454.

WRIGHT, SILAS, a sacrifice of feeling to become Governor, 626;

refuses a seat in the Cabinet, 650.

Decease of, 700;

its suddenness, 701;

his career of honor, 701;

his mind, 701;

his port in debate, 701;

his prominent trait, 701;

his candor, 701;

his integrity, 701;

temper, 702;

manners, 702;

mode of life, 702.

YOUNG, WILLIAM, on the nomination of Van Buren, 598.

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Transcriber's note:

Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note.

Irregularities and inconsistencies in the text have been retained as

printed.

Mismatched quotes are not fixed if it's not sufficiently clear where

the missing quote should be placed.

The cover for the eBook version of this book was created by the

transcriber and is placed in the public domain.

Page 131: Missing closing bracket was supplied: "conviction that the

South (in its great staples) furnished the basis for these imports;"

Thirty Years' View (Vol. 2 of 2) or, A History of the Working of the American Government for Thirty Years, from 1820 to 1850 · 第 202 / 202 章

JACKSON, GEN., _refunding his fine_.--Fined at New Orleans in the