sitting with a truncheon in his hand on a white horse richly
caparisoned, having a fine Turky bridle gilt, with a globe, crescent
and star; velvet furniture laced with gold, and gold trappings.
2. King William III. dressed in the suit of armour worn by Edward the
Black Prince son to Edward III. at the glorious battle of Cressey.
He is mounted on a sorrel horse, whose furniture is green velvet
embroidered with silver, and holds in his right hand a flaming sword.
3. King Charles II. dressed in the armour worn by the champion of
England, at the coronation of his present Majesty. He sits with a
truncheon in his hand, on a fine horse richly caparisoned, with crimson
velvet laced with gold.
4. King Charles I. in a rich suit of his own armour gilt, and curiously
wrought, presented to him by the city of London when he was Prince
of Wales, and is the same that was laid on the coffin at the funeral
procession of the late great Duke of Marlborough, on which occasion a
collar of SS was added to it, and is now round it.
5. James I. who sits on horseback dressed in a complete suit of figured
armour, with a truncheon in his right hand.
6. King Edward VI. dressed in a curious suit of steel armour, whereon
are depicted in different compartments a great variety of scripture
histories. He sits like the rest on horseback, with a truncheon in his
hand.
7. King Henry VIII. in his own armour, which is of polished steel with
the foliages gilt or inlaid with gold. He holds a sword in his right
hand.
8. King Henry VII. who also holds a sword. He sits on horseback in a
complete suit of armour finely wrought, and washed with silver.
9. King Edward V. who with his brother Richard was smothered in the
Tower, and having been proclaimed King, but never crowned, a crown is
hung over his head. He holds a lance in his right hand, and is dressed
in a rich suit of armour.
10. King Edward IV. father to the two unhappy princes above mentioned,
is distinguished by a suit of bright armour studded. He holds a drawn
sword in his hand.
11. King Henry VI. who though crowned King of France at Paris, lost
that kingdom, and was at last murdered in the Tower by the Duke of
Gloucester, afterwards Richard III.
12. The victorious Henry V. who by his conquests in France caused
himself to be acknowledged regent, and presumptive heir to that kingdom.
13. Henry IV. the son of John of Gaunt.
14. King Edward III. John of Gaunt’s father, and father to Edward the
Black Prince, is represented here with a venerable beard, and in a suit
of plain bright armour, with two crowns on his sword, alluding to his
being crowned King both of France and England.
15. King Edward I. dressed in a very curious suit of gilt armour, and
in shoes of mail. He has a battle axe in his hand.
16. William the Conqueror the first in the line, though last shewn,
sits in a suit of plain armour.
17. Over the door where you go out of the armoury is a target on which
are engraved by a masterly hand, the figures as it should seem, of
Justice, Fortune, and Fortitude; and round the room the walls are every
where lined with various uncommon pieces of old armour, for horses
heads and breasts, targets, and many pieces that now want a name.
The other curiosities contained in the Tower, are in the Jewel office,
and the manner of coining money in the mint. There are here also the
office of ordnance, which has the government of all the above store
rooms, and the office of keeper of the records. For which see the
articles JEWEL OFFICE, MINT, Office of ORDNANCE, and RECORD OFFICE, and
for the church in the Tower, see _St._ PETER AD VINCULA.
The Tower is a place so considerable and so much frequented by all who
visit this metropolis, that it would have been unpardonable to have
omitted a view: this in the print is taken from the river, but exhibits
a mixture of old and new buildings which are neither remarkable for
their beauty nor grandeur.
TOWER COURT, a court of record held by prescription, at the king’s
arms on Great Tower Hill, by a steward appointed by the constable of
the Tower, by whom are tried actions of debt for any sum, damage and
trespass.
Here also the grand jury, try all persons taken up in the Tower
liberties for murders, felonies and other crimes, when if they are
found guilty they are committed to Newgate, to take their trials at the
Old Bailey.
And in short, in the same house the Coroners inquest sit for the Tower
liberties.
TOWER _dock_, near the Tower Wharf.
TOWER _Hill_, a very spacious area to the north, east and west of the
Tower ditch, divided into Great and Little Tower Hill. The west end
extending much farther to the north is called by the former name,
and the east end, in which is the victualling office, by the latter.
It must be confessed that Tower Hill has many handsome buildings,
particularly among the row of houses which bound it to the west; but
though this great area might be rendered extremely beautiful, it
is quite the reverse, in almost every other part besides that just
mentioned, we find it ill built, and the ground a mere dunghill;
particularly in Little Tower Hill, where we see either the backs of the
houses next this fine area, or mean edifices in ruins. But as the hill
is now improved and rendered more safe by placing strong wooden rails
on the outside of the ditch, it is to be hoped that the ground will
be completely levelled, and laid out to greater advantage, and that
some care will be taken to rebuild the houses that are falling down,
particularly as this is a place visited by all strangers.
TOWER HILL _passage_, Little Tower Hill.
TOWER LIBERTIES, these are not confined within the Tower wall; but
include both the Tower Hills, part of East Smithfield, Rosemary lane,
Wellclose square, and the Little Minories; and in Spitalfields, all the
streets, lanes and allies, built upon the artillery ground, formerly
belonging to the Tower, as Artillery street, French alley, Duke street,
Steward street, Gun street, Fort street, and the courts and alleys
within their compass.
TOWER ROYAL, a street near St. Thomas Apostle’s, so called from a large
fortified house or tower belonging to the kings of England, formerly at
the upper end of that street. _Maitland._
TOWER ROYAL _court_, Tower Royal.
TOWER ROYAL _lane_, Budge row.
TOWER _street_, 1. begins at Idle lane, and running eastward extends to
Tower Hill, it is a spacious street, pretty well built. 2. Hackney: 3.
Soho.
TOWER STREET WARD, takes its name from the principal street therein,
and is the first ward in the south-east part of the city. It is bounded
on the south by the river Thames, on the east by Tower Hill, and part
of Aldgate Ward; on the north, by Langbourn Ward, and on the west
by Billingsgate Ward. It extends from the Tower on the east, to the
middle of the way between Great Dice key, and Smart’s key on the west,
and from the west corner of Tower dock on the south to within 70 feet
of the north end of Rood lane. In which compass are contained Tower
street, a part of Thames street, Seething lane, Mark lane, Mincing
lane, Hart street, Idle lane, St. Dunstan’s hill, Harp lane, Water
lane, and Beer lane, with many others, and a considerable number of
courts and alleys.
The principal buildings in this ward, are the churches of St. Dunstan’s
and Alhallows Barking, the Custom house, Navy office, Trinity house and
Corn Exchange in Mark lane, which see under their several articles.
This ward is governed by an Alderman, twelve common council men, one of
whom is the Alderman’s deputy, thirteen wardmotemen, twelve scavengers,
thirteen constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote
inquest, serve in the several courts at Guildhall in the month of May.
TOWN CLERK, or _Common Clerk_, an officer who keeps the original
charters of the city, the books, rolls, and other records, wherein
are registered the acts and proceedings of the city; so that he may
properly be stiled the city register; that he may take down any
extraordinary proceedings, he attends the Lord Mayor and Aldermen at
their courts. This is an office of great profit. The town-clerk and
common serjeant take place according to their seniority. _Maitland._
TOWN DITCH, the area behind Christ’s hospital, so called from part of
the ditch belonging to the city wall formerly passing through it.
TOWNSEND _lane_, 1. Hockley in the hole.† 2. Thames street.†
TOWNSEND _street_, Thames street.†
TOWNSEND’S _yard_, Queen street, in the Park Southwark.†
TOWTING, there are two villages of this name in Surry, situated near
each other, and distinguished by the epithets Upper and Lower. Upper
Towting lies in the road from Southwark to Epsom, about a mile and a
half to the westward of Stretham, and has an almshouse founded in 1709,
by the mother of Sir John Bateman Lord Mayor of London, for six poor
alms-women, to be nominated by the eldest heir of the family; and is
adorned with several fine seats belonging to the gentlemen and citizens
of London, particularly the house and gardens of the Bateman’s family.
Lower Towting is two miles S. W. of Wandsworth; and here the Lord Gray
and the Earl of Lindsey had their seats in the last century.
TRADE AND PLANTATION OFFICE, in the Treasury, St. James’s Park.
This office is under the government of eight Commissioners, whose
business is to examine the custom house accounts of all the goods and
merchandize exported and imported to and from the several ports of
the kingdom, as well as from foreign ports, in order to inform the
government of the advantages and disadvantages of the trade of this
nation, with other kingdoms and states, in regard to the balance of
trade. And also to encourage our plantations abroad by endeavouring to
promote their trade, by discovering and encouraging such branches as
are most conducive to their respective interests, as well as to that of
this kingdom.
Each of these Commissioners has a salary of 1000_l._ _per annum_.
Under them are two joint Secretaries who have 500_l._ a year each; a
deputy secretary, who has 200_l._ a year, a sollicitor and clerk of the
reports, enjoyed by the same person, who has 200_l._ a year; and seven
clerks, one of whom has 80_l._ another 70_l._ another 60_l._ another
50_l._ a year, and two others 40_l._ a year each.
TRAITOR’S _bridge_, over a part of the Thames which runs into Tower
ditch, and under the wall, near the middle of the wharf. See the
article TOWER.
TRANCE’S _lane_, Kent street, Southwark.†
TREASURER OF ST. PAUL’S, an officer who has the custody of every thing
of value belonging to that cathedral, for the faithful keeping of which
he is bound by oath to the dean and chapter. He has a sacrist for an
assistant, and has the third stall on the south side of the choir.
_Newc. Repert_.
TRIG _stairs_, Trig lane, Thames street, near Paul’s wharf.†
TRIG _lane_, by Lambert hill, Thames street.†
[Illustration:
_The Treasury & Horse Guards._]
TREASURY, a stone building fronting the parade in St. James’s Park.
The whole front is rustic; it consists of three stories, of which the
lowermost is of the basement kind, with small windows, though they
are contained in large arches; this story has the Tuscan proportion,
and the second the Doric, with arched windows of a good size; but
what is very singular, the upper part of this story is adorned with
the triglyphs and metopes of the Doric freeze, though this range of
ornament is supported by neither columns nor pilasters. Over this story
is a range of Ionic columns in the centre, supporting a pediment. Upon
the whole the Treasury must be allowed to be a building composed of
very beautiful parts, but it were to be wished they were fewer and
larger, as there is a sufficient distance to view it.
This edifice, has on the inside a court surrounded with buildings, and
here is not only the Treasury, but the office of trade and plantations.
The Treasury is under the government of five Lords Commissioners, one
of whom is called first Lord of the Treasury, and has a salary of 4000
_l._ _per annum_, and the rest have 1600_l._ a year each. Under these are
two joint Secretaries, four chief clerks, and sixteen other clerks: two
clerks of the revenue who have 100_l._ a year each, two sollicitors who
have 500_l._ a year each, and an assistant, an office keeper who has 300
_l._ a year, and finds coals and candles for the office, four messengers
of the Exchequer, a messenger of the chamber, and other servants. See
the article EXCHEQUER.
TRINITY _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.☐ 2. Little Minories.☐ 3.
Little Trinity lane, Bow lane.☐
TRINITY HALL, in Aldersgate street, near the corner of Little Britain.
Here formerly stood a priory belonging to the abbey of Cluny in
France, which being suppressed by King Henry V. his Majesty granted
its revenues to the parishioners of St. Botolph, on condition of their
founding in that church a fraternity dedicated to the Holy Trinity.
Part of the building is still existing and let out to a coffee-house;
but the upper part, says _Maitland_, retains somewhat of the
appearance of its original use, it serving for a place of worship to a
congregation of Nonjurors. Here also the parishioners meet in vestry on
particular occasions.
TRINITY HOSPITAL, at Mile-end, is a very noble, and yet unexpensive
edifice, rendered beautiful by its situation, and the agreeable manner
in which it is laid out. It consists of two wings and a center,
wherein is the chapel, which rises considerably higher than the other
buildings, and has an ascent to it by a handsome flight of steps
secured by iron rails; this chapel has large windows, and is adorned
with a pediment; behind it rises a turret, ornamented with a clock,
and crowned with a fane. On each side of the chapel, are two sets of
apartments exactly resembling the wings.
The wings are low but neat buildings, with an ascent of seven steps to
each pair of doors, secured by brick walls capped with stone, and there
are six of these ascents to each wing, besides two in the front, one
on each side the chapel. Between each of these ascents is a pump fixed
close to the wall.
It is remarkable that all these ascents lead to the upper story; there
are however rooms below, but these are under ground and the windows
upon a level with a broad stone pavement, that surrounds the area next
the houses. In the centre of each wing is a handsome pediment, adorned
with the company’s arms, with the representation of ropes, anchors, and
sea weeds, in open work, spread over the face of the pediments, and the
area within consists of handsome grass-plats, divided by gravel-walks,
kept in excellent order, leading down the middle, and across to the
centre of the area, where is a statue in stone of Mr. Robert Sandes
well executed. He has a bale of goods placed behind; he stands with his
right-foot upon another bale, and near his left-foot is a small globe,
and anchor. On the pedestal is the following inscription:
To the memory of CAPTAIN ROBERT SANDES, an elder brother, and
deputy-master of the corporation of Trinity House, who dy’d in 1701,
and bequeath’d to the poor thereof one hundred pounds, also the
reversion (after two lives) of a freehold estate in the county of
Lincoln of 147_l._ a year, now in their possession. This statue was
erected by the corporation A. D. 1746.
The end of each wing next the road has an empty niche, and over it is a
very small pediment, on each side which is placed a small ship.
The ground on which this hospital stands was given to the corporation
of the Trinity house by capt. Henry Mudd, an elder brother, and the
above beautiful and commodious building erected by the company in the
year 1695, for the reception of twenty-eight masters of ships, or their
widows, each of whom receives 16_s._ per month, 20_s._ a year for coals,
and a gown every second year.
TRINITY HOUSE, a society founded in the year 1515, by Sir Thomas Spert,
Knt. commander of the great ship Henry Grace de Dieu, and comptroller
of the navy to Henry VIII. for the regulation of seamen, and the
convenience of ships and mariners on our coast, and incorporated by
the above mentioned Prince who confirmed to them not only the ancient
rights and privileges of the company of mariners of England; but their
several possessions at Deptford; which together with the grants of
Queen Elizabeth and King Charles II. were also confirmed by letters
patent of the first of James II. in 1685, by the name of _The master,
wardens and assistants of the guild or fraternity of the most glorious
and undivided Trinity, and of St. Clement in the parish of Deptford
Strond in the county of Kent_.
This corporation is governed by a master, four wardens, eight
assistants, and eighteen elder brethren; but the inferior members of
the fraternity, named younger brethren, are of an unlimited number, for
every master, or mate, expert in navigation may be admitted as such;
and these serve as a continual nursery to supply the vacancies among
the elder brethren when removed by death, or otherwise.
The master, wardens, assistants, and elder brethren are by charter
invested with the following powers:
1. That of examining the mathematical children of Christ’s hospital.
2. The examination of the masters of his Majesty’s ships; the
appointing pilots to conduct ships in and out of the river Thames; and
the amercing all such as shall presume to act as master of a ship of
war or pilot, without their approbation, in a pecuniary mulct of 20_s._
3. The settling the several rates of pilotage and erecting
light-houses, and other sea marks upon the several coasts of the
kingdom, for the security of navigation; to which light-houses all
ships pay one half-penny a tun.
4. The granting licences to poor seamen, not free of the city, to row
on the river Thames for their support, in the intervals of sea service,
or when past going to sea.
5. The preventing of aliens from serving on board English ships,
without their licence, upon the penalty of 5_l._ for each offence.
6. The punishing of seamen for desertion, or mutiny, in the merchants
service.
7. The hearing and determining the complaints of officers and seamen
in the merchants service; but subject to an appeal to the Lords of the
Admiralty, or the Judge of the court of Admiralty.
To this company belongs the ballast office, for clearing and deepning
the river Thames, by taking from thence a sufficient quantity of
ballast, for the supply of all ships that sail out of that river;
in which service sixty barges with two men in each, are constantly
employed, and all ships that take in ballast pay them 1_s._ a ton, for
which it is brought to the ships sides.
In consideration of the great increase of the poor of this fraternity,
they are by their charter impowered to purchase in mortmain lands,
tenements, &c. to the amount of 500_l._ _per annum_; and also to receive
charitable benefactions of well disposed persons, to the like amount of
500_l._ _per annum_, clear of reprizes.
There are annually relieved by this company about 3000 poor seamen,
their widows, and orphans, at the expence of about 6000_l._
They commonly meet to chuse their master at their house at Deptford;
but are not obliged to do it there. See the article DEPTFORD.
Their meetings are generally on Wednesdays and Saturdays, at their
house in Water lane, Thames street; but their courts are not constantly
fixed to a set time.
Their house in Water lane has been twice burnt down, once at the fire
of London, and the last time in the year 1718. Among the curiosities
preserved in the hall of this building is a flag taken from the
Spaniards, by the brave Sir Francis Drake, whose picture is also there:
a large and exact model of a ship entirely rigged, and two large
globes; and in the parlour are five large drawings curiously performed
by the pen, of several engagements at sea in the reign of King Charles
II. _Maitland._
TRINITY _lane_, Garlick hill, Thames street.☐
TRINITY _Minories_, a curasy situated in the Little Minories, in
Portsoken-ward, where anciently stood an abbey of nuns of the order of
St. Clare, called the Minoresses, founded by Edmund Earl of Lancaster,
brother to King Edward I. in the year 1293, but being suppressed in the
year 1539, a number of houses were erected in its room, and a small
church was built for the inhabitants, and dedicated to the Trinity,
whence it received its present appellation, the additional epithet of
Minories being added from the above Monastery.
The present church is a small brick edifice with a low tower crowned
with a turret.
The patronage has been all along in the crown: but the income of the
curate is said to be so small as to amount to no more than 25_l._ _per
annum_, besides surplice fees.
TRINITY _the Less_, a church formerly seated at the north-east corner
of Little Trinity lane, where at present a German chapel, denominated
the Swedish church, is situated; it received the epithet of Less, to
distinguish it from the Trinity priory at Aldgate: but this church
suffering the fate of the other public buildings, at the fire of London
in 1666, and not being rebuilt, the parish was by act of parliament
united to the church of St. Michael’s Queenhithe.
TRINITY PRIORY, on the south side within Aldgate, was founded by Queen
Matilda, daughter to Malcolm King of Scotland, wife to Henry I. in the
year 1108, in the place where Siredus had begun to erect a church in
honour of the holy cross and St. Mary Magdalen: she endowed it with the
port of Aldgate, the customs belonging to it, and the sum of 25_l._
This priory was built on a piece of ground upwards of three hundred
feet long, in the parish of St. Catharine, near a parochial chapel
dedicated to St. Michael, which stood where are now the row of
houses by the pump, fronting the gate; and soon obtained the name of
Christ church; in a short time it grew rich in lands and ornaments,
and surpassed all the priories in the city of London and county of
Middlesex, for its church, got into its possession the parishes
belonging to the neighbouring churches of St. Mary Magdalen, St.
Michael, and St. Catharine, and the prior was frequently an Alderman.
This priory was dissolved by King Henry VIII. in the year 1531, and of
nine well-tuned bells that belonged to the conventual church, the four
largest are now in the steeple of Stepney church, and the other five at
St. Stephen’s Coleman street. _Maitland._
TRINITY _stairs_, Broad street, Ratcliff.☐
TRINITY _street_, Rotherhith.☐
TRINITY _yard_, Broad street, Ratcliff.☐
TRIPP’S _alley_, Whitechapel.☐
TROTTER _alley_, Barnaby street, Southwark.
TROTTERBONE _alley_. Duke street.
TRUMBALL’S _yard_, Queen street, Windmill street.†
TRUMP _alley_, Cheapside.
TRUMP _street_, King street.
TRUMPET _yard_, Whitechapel.*
TRYANCE _court_, Red lion street, Spitalfields.
TRYPE _yard_, 1. Catharine Wheel alley: 2. Dunning’s alley, Bishopsgate
street without: 3. Petticoat lane.
TUDOR _street_, Bridewell Precinct.
TUFTON _street_, Lumley street, Westminster.
TUKE’S _court_, Chancery lane.†
TUN, in Cornhill, a prison built with stone by Henry Wallis, Mayor
of London in the year 1282, as a prison for night-walkers, and other
suspicious persons, and called the Tun from its resembling a tun
standing upon one end. This prison being, in 1401, made a cistern for
water conveyed by leaden pipes from Tyburn; was thence called the
conduit. It had at the same time a strong prison made of timber placed
upon it, which was called the cage; this prison had a pair of stocks,
and was for the punishment of night-walkers. On the top of the cage was
placed a pillory for the punishment of bakers offending in the assize
of bread; for millers stealing of corn at the mill; for bawds, scolds,
and persons guilty of perjury; the last mentioned persons were usually
brought on horseback from Newgate with paper mitres on their heads, and
with their faces to the horses tails, and having stood in this pillory,
were in the same manner conducted back to Newgate.
TUN _alley_, Love lane, Wood street.*
TURK’S HEAD _court_, Golden lane, Barbican.*
TURK’S HEAD _yard_, Turnmill street, Cowcross.*
TURKS ROW, Chelsea.